USA > Ohio > Muskingum County > History of Muskingum County, Ohio ; with illustrations and biographical sketches of prominent men and pioneers, 1794 > Part 60
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The society accepted his resignation, amid ex- pressions of sincere regret.
Mr. Lane was largely instrumental in clear- ing off the heavy indebtedness of the society ; and during his administration. the fair grounds were very greatly improved, and he left the so- ciety in the ownership of most excellent fair
37
266
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
grounds, embracing about forty-three acres of land, said to be worth from fifteen to twenty thousand dollars.
The officers for 1881, are :
President-James B. Tannehill.
Vice President-Benjamin F. Leslie.
Treasurer-Charles Gorsuch.
Secretary-T. F. Spangler.
The first premium list of the society amounted to four hundred dollars. The list of premiums for 1881, aggregated nearly three thousand dol- lars. The premiums being increased, the society has prospered.
At the annual election of five members of the Board, September 8th, 1881, during the fair, the Directors whose terms expire in' 1881, were re- elected by handsome majorities.
The Directors re-elected were : J. B. Tanne- hill, T. J. Spangler, H. C. Chappelear, J. B. Milhons.
THE EASTERN MUSKINGUM AGRICULTURAL. SOCIETY .- This Society was organized the 7th of August, 1880, and elected the following per- sons as officers :
President-G. H. Miller.
Secretary-M. L. Cherry.
Corresponding Secretary-J. P. Kelly.
Treasurer-L. D. Stoner.
And the following Board of Directors :
President-James Perkins.
Secretary-J. L. Geyer.
--
Marshals of the Association-W. J. Mason, J. Cline, T. Stewart, Joseph White, Thomas Marshall and Jesse Wortman.
The first fair was given September 29, 1880, on grounds near Norwich, owned by L. D. Stoner, and was well attended. The receipts were near four hundred dollars, and the society had a surplus of eighty-nine dollars in the Treasury. after paying all expenses.
April 23d, 1881, the society formed a stock company. for the ensuing five years, the mem- bership paying ten dollars each, for the pur- poses named. The company organized with sixty-five members, and elected the following officers :
President-G. H. Miller.
Secretary-J. L. Geyer.
Treasurer-L. D. Stoner.
And a Board of Directors as follows: J. White, T. Stewart, D. Hadden, W. P. Self, James Geyer, Jr., R. Buchanan and Alfred Wymer.
This organization leased grounds of L. D. Stoner, and propose erecting permanent build- ings thereon, for the purpose of holding annual fairs.
POMOLOGY AND THE MUSKINGUM COUNTY HOR- TICULTURAL SOCIETY [BY JOHN GILBERT] .- A century ago, one looking over the grand old for- ests of Eastern and Central Ohio, would scarcely have thought of fruit as a feature of the landscape. Once this land had been occupied by the semi- nomadic mound builders. They, it might have been supposed, would have ornamented those
mounds, we see around us, with some fruit-bear- ing tree or vine, new to the region. They died and left no such sign. Pomona had planted a few grape and strawberry vines, and where she could find room had cultivated a few papaws, and had been quite generous in the distribution of nuts and blackberries, and the supply was often beyond the demand, since the squirrels and birds, and a few wandering red men, were the only cus- tomers.
Old Time yawned lazily under the great trees, scarcely noting the eventful days as they expand- ed into weeks, months, years, and ages, but about a hundred years ago, a sharp, ringing sound, an unknown voice, came echoing through the forest strongholds, which startled him as with an electric touch, and he knew instinctively that a revolution was at hand. The white man had come. He carried a rifle-an insignificant toy- but the deadly weapon, whose voice awakened Old Time, and sent a despairing shiver through the heart of the huge trunk of the lordly oak, was this invader's pitiless axe. The fire, another agency almost as destructive, was engaged as an ally, and blackened patches appeared in the. woodland, in which sprang up rude cabins, shade- less and grim as the stumps about them. These clearings, ever widening as they steadily en- croached upon the forest domain, grew gradually softer in their features. They bore corn and veg- etables, and supported life of man and beast ; but it was a homely and prosaic life. Fruit-Po- mona's generous gift, the poetry of food-was lacking.
An eccentric philanthropist, a Santa Claus in buckskins-they called him "Johnny Appleseed" -following the forest trails, sought out the little homesteads in Muskingum and adjoining coun- ties. The pioneer, dimly guessing at the value of the precious seeds he gave them, planted them in the rich virgin soil, and ere long the prospec- tive Edens had something to tempt the youthful Eves and Adams of those primitive days,
These forest openings expanded and began to touch each other. Isolated life was passing away. People reached out and grasped the hands of neighbors, and there were common interests ; the social instinct asserted itself. They coveted fruit and flowers. The horticulturist is by act, and should be by intuition, a philanthropist, as well as a uclitarian, with thought of pleasing his friends, as well as himself; even if he begin with a selfish end in view, his occupation and experi- ence will develop generosity, if there is a spark of manliness in his nature. These nobler in- stincts.led to consultations and plans, and mutu- al assistance for the introduction of more and bet- .ter fruit, and, naturally enough, the acquisition of the apple orchard was the first thought. There was abundant room for large ones, for the old al- lies, the axe and the fire, had never ceased from their warfare. The grand old forests dwindled into isolated groves, and seemed not only likely to be annihilated, but considered as a myth of le- gendary days. Population began to crowd against itself, even in rural life, Individual enterprises.
267
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
with better facilities than of old, were introducing new varieties of fruit. The delicate peach ac- cepted their invitation, with modest timidity, and, for her charming grace, was crowned queen of summer fruits. Some aristocratic strawberry families, after traveling abroad and graduating in eastern pomological universities, came back, to put to shame by their magnificence, the simple charms of their rustic cousins at home. The ac- complished French pears came over the seas and banished, by their courtly presence, the boor- ish roughs of the backwoods varieties. The grape fraternity, by immigration and mutual improve- ment association, became refined in horticultural morals. The great apple family, with a record coeval with the advent of humanity, reformed their habits, and have ceased to tempt mankind to their ruin.
Pomona was amazed at the diversity of feature and disposition of her numerous children, and in ecstacies over their varied accomplishments. She found homes in Muskingum county for every va- riety of fruit that can be grown in the temperate zone. Some are nestling on sunny hillsides, and in the warm valleys ; many more prefer the free air of the hill-tops, while some indolent spring- sleepers choose northern exposures for a home. The diversified scenery affords a choice for all.
Agriculture has, indeed, its poetic side. The fruit raiser is an actor in a perpetual romance. From the time of the exuberant blossoming of trees and vines, to the development and consum- mation of fruitage, he dwells in an elysium of beauty, fragrance, and luxury. It is not strange, therefore, that horticulture became fascinating- drawing to itself the best and most generous of the agriculturists. Although its practical work- ing became complicated, as the vast array of fruit varieties demanded recognition, and admission into the best circles of pomological society. Cau- tion became necessary, to guard against the ad- mission of vagabond adventurers, as well as to encourage respectable fruit families to settle. Thoughtful people saw the advantage of mutual help in welcoming friends and keeping out in- truders. Such aid, to be permanently useful, needs organization ; hence, it was determined to form a "horticultural society." We will look in upon .one of their meetings on a summer day. The host greets us with cordial welcome; the scene is festive. Beneath the great shade trees, on chairs, benches, and rustic seats, we meet the reverend sire, the stately matron, the middle-aged manliness, and youth in vigor, graceful maiden- hood, and happy childhood. In the centre of this joyous throng is Pomona's shrine. The tables groan with offerings. The finest of all the fruits are there, and, as if conscious objects of admira- tion, they look their best, in honor of their re- spective donors, and in emulation of each other. The president is affable, everybody is genial, and we are with friends, All questions relating to fruit raising, the best varieties, the adaptability of soil and climate, the dangers from insects, frost and drouth, are, from time to time, thoroughly discussed. One may learn much of the art of
husbandry, as well as fruit. Meanwhile there are croquet parties, and young people find pleasant walks in shady groves, in orchards and gardens -we need not think they waste time-good hus- bandry may come of that, too! In due time the great picnic feast is spread ; offerings of fruit are made, and there is no lack of tempting viands. The envious sun now seems in haste to leave us, and, unless we wish to linger with those who will prolong the festivities into the night, the time to part has come.
Among those who have given attention to fruit growing in "ye olden time" were John McIn- tire, John Mathews, Isaac Van Horne, John Townsend, William Culbertson, Isaac Dillon, Charles Gilbert, Seth Adams, and Rev. C. Springer. Of the present day, Thomas McLees, C. Hall, Levi Scott, N. F. Claypool, James Heenan, Martin Hoosan, John Granger, and Henry Gray.
The Muskingum County Horticultural Society was organized about seventeen years ago, by Messrs. Imlay, Graham, G. W. Townsend, J. Jacobs Moore, Dr. Hildreth and others. Mr. Imlay was the first President : G. W. Townsend, the first Secretary.
CHAPTER XXIX. GEOLOGICAL REPORT ON MUSKINGUM COUNTY.
BY E. B. ANDREWS, ASSISTANT STATE GEOLOGIST.
WAVERLY CONGLOMERATES AT BLACK HAND- THE STRATA OF COAL MEASURES AT HIGHI IIILL, MEIGS TOWNSHIP, AND IN THE VALLEY OF JON- ATHAN'S CREEK-NO WIDE MARKED CONGLOM- ERATE AT THE BASE OF THE COAL MEASURES IN MUSKINGUM COUNTY-A GREATER OR LESS DEVELOPMENT OF NEARLY EVERY COAL SEAM IN THIE SECOND GEOLOGICAL DISTRICT FOUND IN MUSKINGUM COUNTY-A SEAM OF COAL UN- DER PUTNAM HILL-PUTNAM HILL LIMESTONE FOUND THROUGHOUT THE COUNTY-COAL SEAM
IN BRUSII CREEK TOWNSHIP FOUR FEET THICK- THE LARGEST DEPOSIT OF LIMESTONE IN NEW- TONVILLE AND VICINITY-FOSSILIFEROUS LIME- STONE IN NEWTON TOWNSHIP-MUSKINGUM COUNTY MUCH BETTER SUPPLIED WITH LIME- STONE THAN MANY COUNTIES OF THE STATE- IRON ORE OF EXCELLENT QUALITY-DRIFT TER- RACES ALONG THE BANKS OF THE MUSKINGUM- GEOLOGICAL SECTION NEAR THE FORKS OF MILL RUN IN THE CORPORATE LIMITS OF ZANESVILLE -ANALYSIS OF IRON ORE ON SLAGO'S RUN -- GEO- LOGICAL SECTION ON THE ADAMSVILLE ROAD -ALSO ON PUTNAM HILL-SIDERITE ORE FROM IVES RUN, ZANESVILLE-OBSERVATIONS OF GEOLOGISTS-DRIFT-THE TERRACES IN THE OLDEN TIME-COAL FORMATION-THE PRODUC- TIVE COAL MEASURES-THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON-THE PROCESS OF MAKING STEEL.
The subjoined report is by E. B. Andrews, As- sistant Geologist. Chapter XII., Vol. 1. Page 314. et seq. Geological survey of Ohio, 1873.
268
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
"Only that part of the county which lies south of the Central Ohio railroad. belongs to the Sec- ond Geological District."
In many respects, this county is one of the most interesting in the district to the geologist. It presents a greater vertical range of strata than any other county. As we descend the valley of the Licking river, from Licking county, we find the Waverly sandstone group dipping but slight- ly to the southeast, probably not more than ten or twelve feet per mile, and, as a consequence of this slight dip, we find the upper member of the group which overlies the Waverly conglomerate, seen at Black Hand, extending to the neighbor- hood of Pleasant Valley, before it passes beneath the surface. Upon the Logan, or Upper Waver- lv, rest the proper coal measures, which, from that point, extend to the eastern line of the coun- ty beyond. By careful measurements, we find, as we climb higher and higher in the series, that on reaching the top of High Hill, in Meigs town- ship, we have surmounted one thousand and ninety feet of the strata of the coal measures. Another interesting fact is revealed in the valley of Jonathan's Creek, in the township of Newton, in the existence of Newtonville limestone, which lies at the base of the coal measures. The New- tonville limestone is the equivalent of the Max- ville limestone, found at Maxville, in the south- western part of Perry county. It is always found resting upon the Logan or Upper Waverly, or in close proximity to it. The dip of the strata from the western edge of the coal field, in western Per- ry county, is so slight that even the very base of the measures has not been carried down below drainage in the deep Jonathan Creek Valley. East of the Muskingum river, the dip is greater, as seen in the coal mines. But not far from the east line of Muskingum county we find, in places, evidence of a reversed dip. If we follow the line of the Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley Railroad from the west, we find at Bremen, the Logan, or Upper Waverly strata, at the base of all the hills, while at the tunnel, east of New Lexington, we are several hundred feet up in the coal measures. From the east, in the low valley of the Moxahala, we find between the railroad and Newtonville, the Newtonville limestone, which rests upon the Upper Waverly. We thus pass upon the Upper Waverly over several hun- dred feet of coal measures, and down to the Wa- verly again. The Newtonville limestone is one of the most interesting deposits in the State. It contains many characteristic fossils, by which its equivalency with the lower carboniferous lime- stone of the west has been determined. Prof. Meek, who has studied the fossils, regarded them as those characterizing the Chester and St. Louis groups, of Illinois and Missouri.
There is not found, generally, any wide mark- ed conglomerate at the base of the coal measures in Muskingum county. The conglomerate at . Black Hand, which was formerly regarded as a coal measures conglomerate, proves to belong to the Waverly formation, as has been shown in former reports. This Waverly conglomerate is a
well marked sub-division of the Waverly group, and has a wide extent.
In Muskingum county, we find, in a greater or less development, nearly every leading coal seam in the Second Geological District. Many seams, thick elsewhere, are very thin here, and in one or two instances we find seams, thin elsewhere, un- usually thick here. This continuity of seams in the same geological horizons, shows how wide- spread were the coal-producing marshes. The lowest coal seams, of which there are three in Jackson county, of great purity and value, are represented in Muskingum county, only by the merest traces of coal. No seam of coal of much value is found until we rise in the upward series to the vicinity of the Putnam Hill limestone, un- der which is a seam of coal, generally thin, and often wanting altogether, but sometimes increas- ing to a good workable thickness. This is Mr. Porter's coal, in Hopewell township.
Putnam Hill limestone is everywhere found in the county at its proper geological horizon, and is an excellent geological guide in finding the po- sitions of strata above and below it.
The next seam of coal above the Putnam Hill limestone, thick enough for working, is what is, in Perry county, termed the lower New Lexing- ton seam. * * The upper New Lexington coal seam is the equivalent of the Nelsonville seam, and of the great seam at Straitsville, and in the Upper Sunday Creek Valley, having in its wide extent through southern Ohio, various fortunes of thickness and quality. Both the upper and lower New Lexington seams are mined near Zanesville.
Higher up, we find only traces of the Norris, or Middle seam, of the Sunday Creek Valley. Above this, we have, in the Alexander coal, the representative of a seam widely spread. The Alexander coal is in some places over six feet thick. In Brush Creek township, there is a seam seventy feet above the Alexander seam, which is reported to be four feet thick. In other counties a seam is found on this horizon, but it was not found elsewhere in Muskingum county. About fifty feet higher, or 120 feet above the Alexander seam, is a well defined coal seam, ever holding its true place in the series, but it is generally quite thin. This seam is found in Guernsey county, but not in Morgan. About forty-five feet higher is another seam thick enough to warrant mining for local use, a seam found in several counties, but generally quite thin. This is twenty-five or thirty feet below the wide-spread fossiliferous limestone, which I have called the Ames limestone, from Ames township, Athens county, where it is developed, and was first described by Dr. Hildreth, in the old Geolog- ical Reports. This limestone is about 140 feet below the Pomeroy seam of coal. The Pomeroy seam is thin in the southern part of Muskingum county, but it is generally seen in its horizon. This seam is to be traced to Gallia county on the southwest, and to Bellaire and Wheeling on the east, and the Pennsylvania geologists have traced it to Pittsburgh, and identified it with the
269
HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
Pittsburgh and Youghiogheny seam. In western Pennsylvania, several hundred feet of strata below the Pittsburgh seam, are destitute of coal seams of practical value, and hence are called the barren coal measures. In Ohio, at least the Second Geological District, we find more or less coal in this interval. The Nelsonville, or Straits- ville seam, is 420 feet below the Pittsburgh seam, and we often find two and three valuable seams above the Nelsonville one.
About thirty feet above the Pomeroy coal, are traces in Muskingum county of another coal seam, which is seen in several counties, but with frequent interruptions of continuity. Not far from 100 feet above the Pomeroy seam, is another of wide range, which I have called the Cumber- land, from Cumberland, Guernsey county, where it is the chief seam worked. The Cum- berland seam I have traced through Athens, Morgan, Muskingum, Noble, Washington, Mon- roe, Guernsey and Belmont counties, and it is a seam of great importance. About 115 feet above the Cumberland seam, is one of limited thick- ness, but of reported good quality, found on High Hill, in Meigs township, Muskingum county. This is the highest seam found in the county, and is 945 feet above the top of the Waverly formation.
Thus we have, in thicker or thinner develop- ment, representation, within the limits of the county, of nearly every important seam of coal in the coal measures of southern Ohio. Of some of these, as of the lower Jackson county coals, we have only hints, but these hints are very sig- nificant in showing the wide range of the ancient coal-producing marshes. . As each marsh, in which the coal grew, skirted in the ancient ocean, it held its range upon a water line. As such marsh settled down below the ocean, sands and mud were deposited over it, and a new sur- face formed for a new marsh. The subsidence being regular and uniform, these marshes form seams of coal which show a natural and almost necessary parallelism. * * * *
The largest deposit of limestone is that at Newtonville and vicinity, which is the more in- teresting because it is the finest representative in Ohio of the great lower Carboniferous limestones of Illinois and Missouri. There is a fossiliferous limestone eighty feet above the Newtonville deposit in Newton township. This was mistaken by one of my assistants in 1869, for the Putnam Hill stratum, a mistake which has led to some confusion. The true Putnam Hill limestone is seventy-two feet higher. Both of these seams are found at Zanesville, (Putnam Hill, ) the lower being in the bed of the Muskingum at the mouth of the Licking river, and the upper in the Put- nam Hill above the dug-way. In the eastern part of the county are other limestone seams, which are higher in the geological series. * * * Some of these limestones are more soluble under atmospheric agencies than others, hence are more valuable in their fertilizing influence upon soils. Muskingum county is much better supplied with limestone than very many counties
of the State. The limestone of Putnam Hill seam is used successfully in the blast furnaces at Zanesville as a flux.
Iron ores, of excellent quality, are much more abundant in this county than was formerly sup- posed. These ores, with analysis of many, will be noticed in the detailed examinations of the townships.
The most interesting feature of the surface geology of the county, is the system of drift terraces along the banks of the Muskingum river, the materials of which have been brought from regions to the north. It is my opinion that much the larger part of the materials forming these terraces came down the Muskingum, and not down the Licking, but I may be mistaken in this.
ZANESVILLE CORPORATION.
The following geological section was taken on the land of J. Granger, near the forks of Mill Run, in the corporate limits of Zanesville :
Feet. Inches.
1. Shale. 6
0
2. Coal 2
1
Clay 0
1
4. Coal 0
5
5. Not exposed 27
0
6. Coal 4 0
7. Clay 4
0
8. Sandstone, quarried. 30
0
9. Coal. 2
0
10. Sandstone. 4
0
11. Shale ... 10
0
12. Laminated sandstone 0 10
13. Shale 5 0
14. Putnam Hill limestone. 2
6
15. Clay. 2
0
16. Sandstone ... 12
0
On Slago's Run, near the brewery, the follow- ing was taken :
Feet. Inches.
1. Putnam Hill limestone. 2
0
2. Dark shale. 2
0
3. Shale, lighter colored 9
0
4. Laminated sandstone 4
0
5. Shale 6
0
6. Sandstone 4
0
7. Blue shales, with nodules of siderite ore 12 0
8. Siderite ore .. 1
2
The following is an analysis of iron ore, on Slago's Run, by Professor Wormley :
Specifie gravity. 2.571
Combined water. 00.00
Silicious matter. 10.00
Iron, sesqui oxide. 13.32
Iron carbonate. 55.44
Alumina .. 3.00
Manganese (Trace).
Phosphate of lime 7.64
Carbonate of lime. 7.59
Carbonate of magnesia. 3.02
Sulphur 0.17
Total
99.89
Metallic iron ... 36.44
Phosphoric acid ... 3,50
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HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO.
The percentage of phosphoric acid is too large, and must contaminate iron made from this ore. An ore found on Marietta street, yielded only 12.56 per cent. of metallic iron.
The following geological section is found on the Adamsville road, one-half or three-quarters of a mile north of Mill Run :
Feet. Inches.
1. Sandstone. 3
0
2. Coal blossom. ...
..
3. Shale ... 10
0
4. Finely laminated sandstone ..
10
0
5. Heavy, crumbling sandstone .. 14
0
6. Compact, laminated sandstone. 6
0
7. Coal blossom. ...
8. Finely laminated sandstone. 34
9. Shale ... 12
0
10. Coal 3
0
11. Not exposed. 27
0
12. Coal 4
0
13. Not exposed. 64
0
14. Putnam Hill limestone. ..
A very careful section of Putnam Hill was made by Mr. G. K. Gilbert, with measurements as follows :
Feet. Inches.
1. Sandstone .... ........
... ... 4
0
2. Buff, sandy shale, with nodules of ore .. 8
0
3. Fire-clay 2
0
4. Coal 0
2
Clay 0
6
6. Coal 1 11
7. Under-clay 2
0
8. Buff, shaly sandstone. 6
0
9. Buff shale, with nodules of iron ore ... 8
0
10. Clay 0 2
11. Shale ... 6
0
12. Nodular limestone ... 2
0
13. Shalc .. 20
0
14 Coal blossom. ...
...
15. Buff, sandy shale, with nodules of ore .. 50 0
16. Putnam Ilill limestone, fossiliferous ... 2
0
17. Sandy, bituminous shale, fossiliferous. 2
0
18. Coal 0
10
19. Shale .... 8
0
21. Under-clay 3
0
22. Fine-grained sandstonc. 4
0
23. Not exposed. 16
0
24. Clay shale .. 12
0
25. Sandy shale. 10
0
26. Clay shale. 4 0
27. Sandstone 4 0
10
0
29. Siderite ore.
30. Limestone, fossiliferous. 0
4
31. Siderite orc. 0
5
32. Limestone, fossiliferous. 2
33. Shaly limestone, fossiliferous. 0
34. Sandstone .. 4
35. Low water, Muskingum river
...
A sample of siderite ore, from Ives' Run, Zanesville, gave the following result of analysis :
Specific gravity. 3.250
Water .. 6.40
Silicious matter .. 23.28
Iron, sesqui oxide 14.58
Iron, carbonate. 45 54
Alumina 0.40
Manganese .. 0.50
Lime, phosphate 0.67
Lime, carbonate 5.16
Magnesia 2.80
Sulphur. 0.50
Total 99.83
Metallic iron .. 32.19
Phosphoric acid. 0.31
Sections have been made in a number of town- ships, which will be found associated with their history.
The observations of geologists have shown that the materials which compose the earth's crust form three distinct classes of rocks, the igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. Of these, the first class includes those that are the direct product of fusion. These are divided into two subordinate groups, volcanic and plutonic, of which the first includes such as are produced by volcanic eruption, lava in its different forms, pummice, obsidian, trachite, etc. The second class of igneous rocks, the plutonic, comprising those massive rocky forms which are without dis- tinct bedding, have apparently been completely fused, and yet were probably never brought to the surface by volcanoes. Having consolidated under great pressure, they are dense and com- pact in structure, never exhibiting the porous and incoherent condition which is so character- istic of the purely volcanic rocks. The plutonic rocks are granite in some of its varieties, syenite, porphyry, and part but not all, of basalts, dior- ites and dolerites (green stones. )
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