USA > Ohio > Lucas County > Toledo > History of the city of Toledo and Lucas County, Ohio > Part 1
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HISTORY
OF THE
CITY OF TOLEDO
AND
LUCAS COUNTY,
OHIO.
ILLUSTRATED.
CLARK WAGGONER, Editor.
NEW YORK AND TOLEDO : MUNSELL & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS.
1888.
COPYRIGHT, 1888, BY MUNSELL & CO., NEW YORK.
BLADE PRINTING & PAPER CO., Engravers, Printers and Bookbinders, TOLEDO, OHIO.
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TO THE LOYAL MEN AND LOYAL WOMEN
BY WHOSE PROMPT, JUDICIOUS AND PERSISTENT ACTION, AT HOME AND IN THE FIELD, RECORD SO HONORABLE WAS MADE FOR LUCAS COUNTY DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION, Efis Polume is Respectfully Dedicated
BY
TOLEDO, AUGUST 1, 1888.
THE EDITOR.
1257500
PREFACE.
FT was with no small degree of embarrassment that the writer undertook the work of historian. While not without experience in another field of literature, he was too well aware of the special requisites for the new department, to feel assured of success. But the work was congenial and has been pursued with unflagging interest, and with results yet to be determined.
So far as the writer had definite plan at the outset, it was, primarily, to furnish facts, rather than narrative or discussion. Hence, the history here presented is little more than a record of what has been done and said by individuals resident in Toledo and Lucas County. In fact, such must substantially constitute real human history. With this understanding, the writer has sought, in connection with the record of each event, to show by whom such was brought about. Hence, the unusual proportion of names of individuals given in this work. In - dispensable with such plan is an index by which may readily be found the names of the vast number of actors in the progress of events recorded. Such has been provided, with great care and labor ; and containing, as it does, not less than 12,000 references, it will greatly aid in tracing personal record throughout the period covered by the history.
A leading purpose with the writer has been to supply such record as promised most of practical value for future use. Of this class may be specially cited : 1. The chapters giving the County's part in the War of the Rebellion, which is believed to be more full in record, both in Home Work and Field Work, than will be found in any like volume. 2. The political record of the County, embracing the vote for the several candidates at every general election for 50 years. 3. Full list of Toledo officers from the organization of the City in 1837. 4. The names of most Connty and Township officers. 5. Lists of officers, teachers and graduates of Toledo Public Schools ; of members of Toledo Board of Trade and Produce Exchange, of Secret Socie- ties, Pioneer Associations, Churches, and other organizations of permanent interest.
The work of the historian in the present case, was made specially embarrassing and arduous by the fact, that he was virtually a pioneer in the field, and as such was compelled to seek chiefly in original sources material requisite for his purpose. In this, however, he was favored, (1) by comparatively long and intimate personal knowledge of the locality concerned; and (2) by access to files of local newspapers, dating even anterior to the establishment of Lucas County. These included complete files of the Toledo Blade from May, 1837, to 1850, generously donated to the Toledo Public Library by Abel W. Fairbanks, now of Cleveland, who was a Publisher of that paper during the period named. Beside those of the Blade, the files of other Toledo papers- the Commercial, the Register and the Times-and of the Maumee City Express, have been found highly useful. In this connection, it may properly be remarked, that there is no other source as prolific of desirable material for local history, as is the local Press ; hence, the special impor- tance of careful preservation of such record, a consideration quite too generally overlooked.
It is a privilege here to state, that the protracted labor attending the preparation of this volume, was materially lessened by timely assistance. In such connection, the writer is indebted
vi.
PREFACE.
to the Toledo Public Library, for use of newspaper files and books; to the State Library and the County Auditor, for newspaper files; to the County Recorder and County Clerk, for access to records; to Ex-President R. B. Hayes, for use of rare newspaper files and books ; to Mr. John M. Osborn, for use of valuable books; to Fire Lands Pioneer Association, for use of files and map ; to Clerks of different Townships, for use of records; to the Adjutant General of Ohio, for use of records; to Mr. Calvin Crane, for access to records of Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad Com- pany; and to Mr. J. P. Averill, for use of illustrations of Fort Meigs and vicinity. Thanks are also due for valuable contributions, both of pen and pencil, by Hon. Richard Mott, specially mentioned elsewhere; to Hon. John R. Osborn, for use of personal diary ; to Judge John H. Doyle, for chapter Bench and Bar; to William C. Chapman, M. D., and William T. Rowsey, M. D., for chapter Medical Profession ; to Ilon. Guido Marx, for chapter German Element ; and to Judge C. C. Baldwin, of Cleveland, for chapters Pre-Historie Period and Aborigines of Maumee Valley.
To claim exemption from errors in such work, would be unwarranted; for such, in the nature of the case, are inevitable. While the writer has been measurably free from the experience common to historians who rely largely for material on the memory of individuals, he has, nevertheless, been subject to errors in record, errors in transcribing and errors in printing, the whole constituting liability of no small extent. This applies especially in connection with names of persons. And yet, it is believed that extreme care has largely avoided such errors.
Of the prominent feature of this work which consists of portraits and accompanying biographies, it is proper to state, that while such accessory is found to be indispensable to the publication of local history, exceptional eare has been taken in the present case, that they be justly representative of the class or interest with which the parties, respectively, are or were connected. Publishers and patrons alike may properly be congratulated on the success which attends this important department; while all concerned will appreciate so valuable a feature of the work.
In behalf of the Publishers, no less than as the judgment of the Editor, it is a pleasure here to make special recognition, not only of the evident artistic taste and skill which mark alike the typography and binding of this volume, but also the pains-taking care and patient attention given to the same by managers and workmen . of the Blade Printing and Paper Company's establishment.
TOLEDO, AUGUST 1, 1888.
CLARK WAGGONER.
CONTENTS.
-PAGE
I. OUTLINE HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO
3-15
CHAPTER I. Pre-Historie Period-Settlement-Territorial Government-Indian Troubles -The State Government-Internal Improvements-Publie School System-Ohio and Michigan Boundary-Salt Manufacture-Railways-Constitution of 1851 3
CHAPTER II. Benevolent and Reformatory Institutions-Geological Survey-The Ohio Press-Ohio in the War of the Rebellion-Governors-Glass and Iron Manufae- tures-Climate -- Population-The " Buckeye " State-Historical Brevities . 11
II. LOCALITY 17-33
CHAPTER I. Topography-Geological Structure-Surface Geology-Soils-Economie Geology-Water Supply-Analysis of Toledo Clay-" Green Scum " of the Maumee 19
CHAPTER II. Pre-Historic Period 23
CHAPTER III. The Aborigines of the Maumee Valley 25 CHAPTER IV. Game-The Ague-Put-in Bay Islands-The Word " Maumee 28
III. MILITARY 35-279
CHAPTER I. Indian Troubles following the Revolutionary War-Indian Statesmanship -Failure of Negotiations-Gen. Wayne's Military Movements-Treaty of Green- ville-Restoration of Peace-Death of Wayne-Captain William Wells 37
CHAPTER II. The War of 1812 with England-Hull's Surrender-River Raisin Massaere -Siege of Fort Meigs-Defense of Fort Stephenson -Battle of Lake Erie-Battle of the Thames-The End in the Northwest-Early Forts-Re Unions of Veterans of 1812-Indian Character and Indian Wrongs-Indian Relies 52
CHAPTER III. The Canadian " Patriot " War 74
CHAPTER IV. The Mexican War 81
CHAPTER V.
Local Military Organizations
82
CHAPTER VI. The War of the Rebellion-Home Work 84
CHAPTER VII. The War of the Rebellion-Field Work .
126
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER VII . 274
CHAPTER VIII. The Roll of Honor-Cemeteries 220
CHAPTER IX. Organizations of Union Soldiers-Armies of the Tennessee and of the Cumberland-Union Ex-Prisoners of War -- Grand Army of the Republic -- Loyal Legion-Woman's Relief Corps 223
CHAPTER X. Persons and Incidents-Young Heroes 254
CHAPTER XI. Honoring the Soldiers-Memorial Day-Toledo Memorial Hall 261
CHAPTER XII.
In Rebel Hands
264
CHAPTER XIII. Johnson's Island
271
IV. GOVERNMENTAL 281-394
CHAPTER I. Public Lands 283
CHAPTER II. Civil Government Established 285
CHAPTER III. The Disputed Boundary and the " Toledo War' 289
CHAPTER IV. County Affairs
313
CHAPTER V.
Political Parties and Elections .
330
CHAPTER VI. Toledo's Start and Progress-Port Lawrence of 1817 and 1832-Vistula -Toledo-Local Jealousies-Additions to Toledo-Transfers of Real Estate-Oflieers of Toledo City Government, 1837-1887 370
V. COMMUNICATION AND TRADE 395-510
CHAPTER I. Railways-The Pioneer Railway of the West-Toledo's Eastern Railway Lines-The Erie Gauge War-The Ohio Railroad Project-The Wabash, The Colum-
viii.
CONTENTS.
-PAGE-
bus, Hocking Valley and Toledo, The Flint and Pere Marquette, The Toledo and Woodville, The Ohio Central, The Wheeling and Lake Erie, The Toledo, Canada Southern and Detroit, The Toledo, Ann Arbor and Northern Michigan, The Toledo, Saginaw and Muskegon, The Toledo, St. Louis and Kansas City, and the Swan Creek Railroad-Railway Miscellany-Toledo Street Railways -- Olden and New Time Com- munication in Ohio
397
CHAPTER HI. Western Reserve and Maumee Road
426
CHAPTER III. Plank Roads 428
CHAPTER IV. The Telegraph
CHAPTER V. The Telephone
437
CHAPTER VI. The Maumee Marine
438
CHAPTER VII. Marine Incidents 442
CHAPTER VIII. Toledo's Canals-The Miami and Erie and the Wabash and Erie
444
CHAPTER LX. Early Canal and Lake Traffic 450
452
CHAPTER XI. Harbor Improvements 460
464
CHAPTER XIII. Toledo Warehouses-Old and New
466
CHAPTER XIV. Early Trade of the West
468
CHAPTER XV. Commerce and Traders
470
CHAPTER XVI. Trade Organizations
474
CHAPTER XVII. Toledo Business and Professions
480
CHAPTER XVIII. Banks and Banking
488
CHAPTER XIX. Real Estate Sales and Improvements 505
VI. JUDICIAL
CHAPTER I. Bench and Bar (by Judge John II. Doyle)
513
VII. HYGIENIC 539-576
CHAPTER I. The Medical Profession (by Wm. C. Chapman, M. D., and Wm. T. Rowsey, M. D.)-Drugs and Medicines-Dentistry 541
CHAPTER II. Hospitals-Asylums-Cemeteries 560
CHAPTER III. Drainage-Water Supply-Parks 565
CHAPTER IV. Cholera-Drouth-Mesmerism-Epizooty 573
VIII. RELIGIOUS AND BENEVOLENT . 577-608
CHAPTER I. Early Mission Work on the Maumee River-Labors of Revs. D. Bacon, Joseph Badger and Isaac Van Tassell, . 579
CHAPTER II. Permanent Religious Work-The Methodist, the Congregational, the Pro- testant Episcopal, the Catholic, the Presbyterian, the Baptist, the Lutheran, the Unitarian, the United Brethren, the Christian, the German Reformed and the Jew- ish Church-The Free Chapel-Toledo Bethel- Toledo Young Men's Christian As- sociation-Lucas County Bible Society -- United States Christian Commission-Allen Street Mission-Adams Street Mission-Sabbath School Union-Home Mission- Lakeside Camp-Ground 584
IX. LITERARY 609-654
CHAPTER I. Public Schools, with lists of Officers, Teachers and Graduates of Toledo Schools-Alumni Association-Church and Private Schools -- School Books-School Statistics-Color in the Toledo Schools-Evening Schools-Toledo Manual Training School-Educational Association-Toledo Lyceum-Toledo Young Men's Associa- tion-Toledo Library Association-Toledo Public Library 611
CHAPTER HI. The Public Press-Press Miscellany-Press of Ohio in 1819, 1835, 1877, and 1887-Printing Machinery-Amateur P'rinting and Publishing-Book and Job Printing-Press Associations 637
.
X. ANNALS 655-706
CHAPTER I. Events and Persons 657
CHAPTER II. Personal Mention of Pioneers and other Prominent Citizens 675
CHAPTER III. Maumee Valley Pioneer Association, with List of Members -- Pioneer Poetry-Maumee Valley Monumental Association, with List of Members . . 699
432
CHAPTER X. Lake Marine .
CHAPTER XII. Commercial Facilities
511-538
ix.
CONTENTS.
XI. SOIL PRODUCTS
-PAGE -- 707-716
CHAPTER I. Fruit Culture and Horticultural Societies 709
CHAPTER II. Agricultural Societies 714
XII.
SOCIAL
717-754
CHAPTER I. The Temperance Cause in Lucas County-Toledo and Lucas County Women's Christian Temperance Unions-Toledo Young Women's Christian Tem- perance Union-The Retreat Mission -Suppression of Vice-Sunday Law and Order League 719
CHAPTER II. Secret Societies-Masonic, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Knights of the Golden Rule, Order of Chosen Friends, American Legion of Honor, Royal Ar- canum, Sons of Malta 725
Social Organizations -Toledo Woman Suffrage Association, New Century Literary Club, Boating and Fishing Association, Ladies' National Covenant, Toledo Humane Society, Toledo Woman's Exchange, Places of Entertainment, Miscellaneous, Census Statis- tics, Ohio Centennial 731
CHAPTER III. Record of Nationality -- The German Element (by Hon. Guido Marx) . 741
XIII. TRADE AND MANUFACTURES 755-804
CHAPTER I. Traders and Merchants 757
CHAPTER II. Manufactures-Labor Associations-Statistics-Strikes 779
CHAPTER III. Fuel 799
XIV. ARCHITECTURE 805-822
CHAPTER I. Public and Business Buildings-Fire Department-Hotels-Architects S07
APPENDIX
Toledo Post, G. A. R .- Ohio National Guard-Woman's Relief Corps-Flags and Ban- ners-Expresses-St. Stephen's Evangelical Lutheran Church-St. John's Orphan Asylum-Retreat Mission-Home for the Aged-Protestant Orphans' Home-Street Improvements -Bridges -- Ferries -- Toledo Police.
TOWNSHIPS OF LUCAS COUNTY 841-934
1. Adams, 841
2. Monclova, 847
3. Oregon 851
4. Providence, 858
5. Richfield,
864
6. Spencer,
869
7. Springfield,
874
8. Swanton, .
879
9. Sylvania,
887
I0. Washington, 896
11. Waterville, 908
12. Waynesfield, 921
13. Manhattan, . 933
825-838
PORTRAITS AND BIOGRAPHIES.
PAGE. 930
Howard, Dresden W. H. 690
Barkus, Abner L.
479a
llowell, Daniel Y. 7776
Bacon, Randall G.
767
Hunt, John E. 704
Baker, William,
532
Janney, Robert S. 784
Baldwin, Marquis,
675
Jones, William W. . 549
Bartley Rudolph A.
762
Kaley. David, 844
Bateman, Elwood,
70: a
Kellogg, Harvey,
842
Baumgardner, Leander S.
768
kelsey, Aaron L.
773
Bell, Robert H.
762a
Ketcham. Jobn B. .
7624
Berdan, Peter F.
758
Ketcham, Valentine H.
500
Bergen, Symmes H.
550
King, Charles A.
479
Bigelow, Henry W.
783
Laskey, George, .
692
Bishop, Amasa,
676
Lee, Jolm C.
534
Blanchard, Samuel.
678
Lemmon, Reuben (
531
Boice, Reed V. .
503
Locke, David R.
654
Bond, Oliver S.
503
Luce, Charles L. .
764
Bostwick, O. A.
767
Lungren, Samuel S.
557
Bowen, Charles R.
845
Mack, George,
821
Brigham, James M.
918
Marx, Guido,
753
Bronson, Calvin,
780
May, John W.
760
Brown, Sylvester J.
698
Merrell, Thomas S. 777
Brown, Theodore J.
771
Messer. James C.
853
Brown, Theophilus P
421
Monroe. James B.
420
Carrington, Miles D.
479
Morehouse, Lorenzo L. 918
497
Crabb, Gershom,
907
Myers, James,
694
Crane, Charles A. 686
Navarre, Peter,
658
Cass, Joseph G.
842
Newcomb. Alexander H.
395
Cook, Daniel F.
929
Nichols, Francis L. .
535
Cook, Josiah D. 571
O'Brien, Patrick, 597
Coy, Charles, 857
Palmer, Andrew, 695
7626
Dawson, Alexander,
811
Pratt, Charles, .
533
Doyle, John H. 528
763
Potter, Emery D. 528
Enright. Michael J. .
789
Prentice, Frederick, 712
Fairchild, Alonzo,
873
Puck. John H. . 776
Raab, Lucas, 873
Fassett, Elias,
687
Reed, Calvin H. 552
Fontaine, Eugene,
793
Reed, Isaac N. 559
843
Gendron, Peter,
792
Reynolds, Sheldon C.
472d
Granger, Volentine W.
Richards. Ransom E.
727
Griffith, Wilson W.
Roff, William, 766
Hagenberg, Garrett W.
773
Romeis, Jacob,
394
Hall, Israel, 712
Rood, Emmor A. 762b
Hart, Timothy P. 830
Haynes. George R. .
531
Scheets, George, .
765
Herrick, Calvin, 688
Hiett, John W.
509
Scott, Jessup W. 650 .
Hill, Charles W. 529
Sherwood, Isaac R. 199
Hone, James W. 510
Skinner, Samuel W.
551
.
551
Mott, Richard,
Chapman, William C.
Davis, George W.
502
Parker, Torance D.
Pomeroy, George E. 830
Eaton, Frederick,
Fuller, John W.
161
Reynolds, Jeremiah,
Farley, James, . 868
772 502
Rowsey, William T. 558
Scott, J. Austin, 711
PAGE.
Allen, John C. .
xii.
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Smead, Isaac D.
790
Wałbridge, Horaee S. . 472c
Smith, David,
605
Weible, John,
$50
Smith, Denison B. .
4726
Williams, A. Davenport, 931
Smith, Eleazer N.
90S
Williams, Joseph R. 653
Smith, Robert W.
786
Wilcox, Henry,
697
Steele, Dennison,
813
Wilcox, Minot I.
776
Stevens, Oliver,
696
Witker, Frederick E. .
785
Strayer, John,
S48
Worts, George,
782
Thayer, Lyman T. .
821
Wright, James, .
856
Trowbridge, Demetrius N.
606
Young, Charles L.
774
Waggoner, Clark,
651
Young, Samuel M.
499
Waite, Morrison R.
525
MAPS.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Map of Maumee River and Bay
329 Maps showing Indian Tribes, . 25,26
I'łat of original Port Lawrence
372
Map of Lueas County, ii.
Map of Northwestern Ohio in 1817,
286
VIEWS.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Toledo, 1800, 1846, 1888, between pages 370 and 371
Fort Meigs and Vicinity,
.
56
First Court House of Lucas County, . 303
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Pioneer and Improved Toledo Warehouses, 1817-1887 .
466
The Steamboat Walk-in-the-Water, 453
Memorial Hall, 261
Office of Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad, 676
Toledo Central and Manual Training School Building, 630
Pioneer Passenger Railway Train of America, 398
Toledo Water Works in 1873, 566
Pioneer Railway Passenger Car of the West, 404
Trinity Church, 591
The Whig Log Cabin, 1840, 352
United States Government Building, Toledo,
The Whig Coon, 1844, 341
The "Gerrymander," . 339
1888, S12
PAGE.
PART I. STATE OF OHIO.
OUTLINE HISTORY
OF THE
STATE OF OHIO.
CHAPTER I.
PRE-HISTORIC PERIOD. - SETTLEMENT. - TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENT. - INDIAN TROUBLES. - THE STATE GOVERNMENT. - INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. - PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM. - OHIO AND MICIIIGAN BOUNDARY. - SALT MANUFACTURE. - RAILWAYS. - THE CONSTITUTION OF 1851.
IN common with the rest of the American Continent, the primitive condition of the territory now embraced within the State of Ohio and of its inhabitants, is without reliable record. That this region was occupied by an active and intelligent race for hundreds of years before the advent of the white man, is made evident by proofs which leave no room for doubt. These are of various kinds, but consist mainly of stone and earthworks still remaining in different portions of the State. The predecessors of the European settlers have come to be known as the " Mound Builders," from the fact that the chief remains of their occupancy consist of the works so numerous, especially throughout the Valley of the Ohio, the number already found being not less than 10,000. The purposes of these works seem to have been various, and chiefly those of fortifica- tion, religious temples and burial places. The chief record by which the age of these remains can be ascertained, consists of the trees here and there found growing upon them. From these it is calculated that at least six hundred years have elapsed since the structures were abandoned by their builders. How much longer, of course, is problematical only. These people seem to have lived in a condition more or less compact, and were not migratory in their habits. From proofs left, they must have carried on more or less of traffic with peoples in other and distant portions of the continent. They left nothing to indicate that they used
beasts of burden or vehicles of any sort, their work having all been done by themselves, in- cluding the carrying of the heavy materials used in their mounds and fortifications. Their religion seems to have been the worship of nature, in different manifestations. Whence they came, ean only be conjectured, their most probable source being Asia, entering the con- tinent from the North, moving Southward, and being followed, if not driven, by succeed- ing hordes from the same general source. What was their final stopping place, is a mat- ter no less uncertain than their origin; but they may have moved Southward into Mexico and there disappeared. The supposed succes- sors to the " Mound-Builders "-the Indians- are the earliest occupants of this region known to history ; and like their predecessors, these, too, were in time called to surrender their ground, and are now fast being crowded out of their hunting-grounds by advancing civiliza- tion and human greed. They will leave very little to mark their occupancy of the country or to indicate that they ever lived.
In considering the date of the first settle- ment of a country, we must at the outset de- termine what constitutes a " settlement." If adventures for discovery, trade, missionary labor, or other temporary purpose, be such, it is probable that the earliest settlers of Ohio were parties sent out in 1680, by Count de Frontenac, then the French Governor of Can- ada, for the purpose of erecting posts or stores
1
OUTLINE HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
for occupancy and trade. One of these parties at that time built a small stockade just below where South Toledo ( Maumee City) now stands, being substantially the location of Fort Miami, erected by the British in 1794. This was an important point for trade for several years, and was finally abandoned for the more desirable location at the head of the Maumee River, where Fort Wayne now stands. Other enter- prises of various kinds are connected with the early history of Ohio, but they eau in no proper sense be considered " settlements."
The first definite movement looking to the settlement of the territory now within the State of Ohio, was made in the organization of the "Ohio Company," in 1748, composed chiefly of Virginians, who asked the British Govern- ment for a grant of land. Their request was complied with and 500,000 acres of land given them, to be located on the South side of the Ohio River, and on which a colony of 100 families was to be located. This action excited the jealousy of France, which government, by right of discovery, claimed all the territory on the Mississippi and its tributaries. Active steps were at once taken to prevent the execu- tion of the British scheme. The Governor of Canada notified the Governor of New York, that any attempt to carry out such project would be followed by seizure; steps at the same time being taken to excite the Indians against the proposed settlers. The result was what came to be known as the " French and Indian War," which, with more or less activity, was continued until the treaty of 1763, by which France surrendered ber claim to the territory in the Northwest.
Thus relieved of sanguinary contests and uncertainty, the few weak settlements then made took on new life, while immigrants from Virginia and Maryland slowly came to open the country to civilization. Not entirely to yield their ground, the French sought to tamper with the Indians by efforts to excite their passions toward the British authorities and the settlements, in which they were so far successful as to cause serious trouble. The work of satisfying the several tribes making claims to the country in question, actively be- gun in 1768, was so far accomplished by 1769. that settlers began to appear in increasing numbers on the South side of the Ohio. The author of "Annals of the West," says :
" Among the foremost speculators in Western lands at that time, was George Washington." He, with others, in 1769, asked of the King a grant of 2,500,000 acres in the West. In or- der to locate such lands, he crossed the moun- tains in 1770.
The first definite step toward the permanent settlement of the territory West and North of the Ohio, was taken in 1778, when the Vir- ginia House of Burgesses passed an act declar- ing that "all citizens of Virginia who were already settled there or should be thereafter settled on the West side of the Ohio, should be included in the District of Kentucky, which should be called Illinois County." This fol- lowed the singularly successful military ex- pedition of Gen. George Rogers Clark, in which he conquered the country of the North- west in the name of Virginia. Five years later came the treaty of peace between the United States and Great Britain, when Gen. Clark's success was made the chief basis of the claim of the United States to the terri- tory which the British Government was loth to surrender. And yet, Gen. Clark was per- mitted to spend the closing years of his life in absolute want of the ordinary comforts essen- tial to a man of intelligence and refinement.
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