USA > Ohio > Lucas County > Toledo > History of the city of Toledo and Lucas County, Ohio > Part 51
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Corporal.
28 Aug. 25, 1861
Drinst, Henry
19
18
Sept. 1,1864
Older, Perry C
19 Oct. IS, 1864
Sehmedlin, John W
42 Sept. 15,1864
28
Ang. 10,1864 Aug. 6,1864
Schmidt, George
24 Aug. 24, 1864
Wechtel, George.
66
Henry, William
22 ,Sept. 14,1864
Sweigart, Cyrus
Sloan, Abraham II
Is Sept. 16, 1861
Riley, Patrick
23 Aug. 27,1864
Stahl, Nicholas (died)
24 Sept. 15,1864
Mahoney, John O
Aug. 17,1864
6.
66
Aug. 20,1861
Greiner, Jacob
Gibson, John
66
276
HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY.
Name.
Rank.
Age.
Entered Service.
Name.
Rank.
Age.
Entered Service.
Yeanser, Frederick
Private.
18
Aug. 16,1861
Cutter, Clifton H
Private.
19
August, 1864
Cammel, Joseph
29
Sept. 16,1864
Christman, James
66
18
Conley, John
19
Aug. 10,1864
Carney, Michael
60
21
Cross, William
41 Aug. 24,1864
Clark, Joseph A
66
19
Cross. Franklin
20 Aug. 24,1864
Downey, John
25
llogle, Henry
44 Aug. 27,1864
Duching, Augustus
66
38
Miller, Charles 1
24 Aug. 20,1864
Duke, James
Morgan, Hiram
30 Aug. 29,1864
Eugarps, Henry S
Edgar, Robert
February, Henry
66
18
Vance, Andrew
44 Sept. 5,1864
Walker, William
25 Aug. 9,1864
Farrell, Joseplı
21
Walker, John
21 Sept. 7,1864
Gibson, Frank
18
Heinrich, Jerome
Corporal.
35 Oet. 12, 1864
Greek, George
Cole, Seth R
Musician
18 Oct. 6, 1864
Hall, John
Dowell, Moses A
Private.
19 Oct. 13, 1864
Hamp, William E.
Eldridge, James H
66
19 Oct. 14, 1864
Harden, Thomas
19
77
Foust, George
18 Oct. 11, 1864
Huyck, Oliver E.
19
66
Gilchrist, William L
38 Oct. 13, 1864
*Holly, Stephen C
Heckman, John
66
33
66
Lavague, Ferdinand
43
Oct. 7, 1864
Hackett, Freeman
66
36
Lane, Charles W
23
Sept. 3,1864
Murray, Atwell
23
Oet. 14, 1864
66
28
66
Nathan, Joseph
18
Oct. 8, 1864
l'ettys, John
66
18
Oct. 8, 1864
Johnson, Thomas L
44
Swigart, Cyrus
27
Ang. 18,1864
*Kapler, Frank
28
Allen, David
21
Oct. 7, 1864
Long, R. B
21
Dailey, Joseph
66
21 Oct. 7, 1864
Fannel. William
60
21
Oct. 7, 1864
19
¥
Puey, Charles
66
19 Oct. 7, 1864
Maus, Jacob C.
19
18
=
Brooker, William H
30 Oct. 21, 1864
Percival, William
20 Feb. 25, 1864
More, Samuel
=
Aug. 18,1864 20
COMPANY D.
Name.
Rank.
Age.
Entered Service.
Warren W. Cooke
Captain.
28
Angust, 1864
George M. Young
Ist Lieut.
28
66
Pennewell, Marshall
20
Edwin L. Tenny
Sergeant.
37
=
21
Pomeroy, Irvin C.
66
20
Wm. E. Hopkins
66
29
Pockmire, Samuel W
18
Isaac Long
66
22
34
Rineharl, John A
6.
19
John Walker
Rigel, Michael
IS
George F. Case
28
Reed, Gordon C.
14
Reuben Gager
26
Ricketts, John W
19
66
George Masterman
16
18
66
Small, John W
66
21
James Conner
26
Snider, William
John W. Wolf.
24
44
66
Arquett, Stephen
l'rivate.
11
Smith, John
18
Allen, Farley
18
Smith, Samuel
19
Baker, Malılon
34
.6
St. John, John
Bremer, Anthony M
31
31
Thompson, Thomas J
#Betts, Albert N.
17
Thomas, William H
Vanderhoff, William E.
25
66
Barnett, William
18
Williams, Charles H
18
Brecht, Michael
19
Walmesley, Lawrence
--
42
Coe, Emory
23
60
Walker, William
26
Cole, Frederick
38
Walter, David H
18
60
McConnell, John C
35
McGill, John
McCullough, George
19
Nordheim, John
66
36
Noyes, William J
18
Norris, Edward
221
O'Connor, Frank
19
66
Otto, James
66
22
Pernia, Frank
66
30
66
Winfield Saldoris
31
Renoletle, Lewis B
3-
Andrew P. Phillips
Robertson, Henry
21
John Furman
Corporal. 66
29
Sweasey, Alfred T
66
30
Charles W. Segur
Musician
Shinover, Joseph. Scott, Clarence F
18
18
23
66
Burrell, Virgil S
39
66
Burkholder, Jacob K
37
Wolke, John H. G
66
66
18
Oet. 8, 1864
Hackett, James
66
38
Kile, Josiah
23
Oct. 13, 1864
Hackett, Aaron A
Henrichs, William H
Johnson, John P
38
23
Ryan, John
Sept. 5, 1864
Lasher, William
66
44
Turner, James
20 Oct. 7, 1864
Maxfield, William
Marsh, Philip.
McGovern, Thomas Marsh, Squire
21
Jolinson, Freeman
Jerome, Alexander
36
Gulimore, John
18 Oct. 3, 1864
20
Gulimore, Charles
31 Oct. 8, 1864
Gladhill, William
27
18
Shaffer, George
24 Sept. 16,1864
Nelson, David
Thomas, George W
18 Aug. 8,1864
Ford, George J
17
41
20
28
Urialı Bender
26
Segur, Albert
18
Ashlan, Joseph
Thompson. Stephen
Bearson, Medos
23
Josialı N. Sınitlı
2dl Lieut.
LaDuc, Charles
277
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER II.
Name.
Rank.
Age.
Entered Service.
COMPANY K.
Name
Kank. Age. Entered Service.
Waltner, John
Private.
19
August, 1864 66
Charles A. Wright
Captain.|
Sept. 12, 1861
William H. Wood
Ist Lieut.
Oct. 19. 1861
Wenenger, Philip
30
Wm. Il. McGrew
2d Lieut. 24 Ang. 27.1864
Welch, John H
66
66
Ward, James
Samuel Richards
Oct. 15, 1864
Franklin L. Myers
66
27 Oct. 7, 1861
Simeon Richards
Corporal.
19 Oct. 6, 1864
John E. Kinney
Oct. 14, 1864
Henderson, Charles Wright, Samuel P'
Oct. 7, 1864
John Hartsell
18 Sept. 13, 1864
Jesse Cravens
66
38 Oct. 5, 1861
John E. Ayres
18 Oct. 6, 1864
John M. Fisher
Ist Sergt.
24
Sept. 10, 1864
David Rosier
Sergeant.
24
Sept. 3, 1864
Lorenzo DeGraff
66
Sept. 3, 1864
Anderson, John C
l'rivate.
21 Oct. 10, 1864
Jonathan Kozier
Corporal.
01 Sept. 5, 1864
Aldrich, Albert ()
18 Oct. 4, 1864
William K. Spencer
25
Sept. 12,1864
Billman, John G.
66
26 Oct. 12, 1864
John G. Shitfler
66
32 Sept. 16, 1864
Buckmaster, Christopher
66
27 Oct. 14, 1864
W. S. Bradley
Musician Private.
36
Sept. 3, 1864 18 Sept. 14,1864
Corp, Win. H
66
34 Sept. 19,1864
Bennett, James.
21 Sept. 21.1864
Cannon, Robert (died)
66
Oet. 19, 1864 02
Bratten, Orlando
18 Sept. 17,1864
Coleman, John
21 Sept. 24, 1864 25 Det. 13, 1864
Bailey, Charles A
22 Sept. 24,1864
Cheney, Roswell W
66
20 Det. 18, 1864
Bash, Jacob
38 Oct. 3. 1864
Cooper, Lawrence
36
Oct. 19, 1864
Collins, Abraham
25
Sept. 10,1864
Durget, Washington
27
Oct. 13, 1864
Culver, Thomas
18
Sept. 25, 1864 Sept. 5, 1864
Davis, William
24 Oet. 10, 1864
Chappell, James W
21 Sept. 30, 1864
Swan, Nathan T
38
Oct. 15, 1854
De Witt, Edmund K
12 Sept. 1, 1864
Eagle, Jolın H. (died)
20 Oct. 19, 1864
Durbin, Charles
18 Sept. 27,1864
Everett, George D
18 Oct. 6, 1864
Densmore, Amos
19 Oct. 1, 1864
Farley, John
24
Oct. 13, 1864
Ely, Francis D
19
Sept. 13, 1864
Farber, Francis W
66
25
Oct. 19, 1864
Funson, John
17 Sept. 21,1864
Frock, Jacob L.
66
18 Oct. 7, 1864
Ford, Francis W
66
30 Sept. 30, 1864
Grafton, Abram W
66
19 Aug. 27, 1864
Hissong, Jonas
39
Sept. 3, 1864
Hurger, James.
Oct. 7, 1864
leeleed, Daniel
28 Sept. 13,1864
Harger, John (died)
18 Oct. 7, 1861
Hicks, James H
19 Sept. 24, 1864
Hazelton, Anthony W
38
Sept. 5, 1864
Ilarger, Jesse
22 Sept. 26,1864
Huston, Alfred
39 Oct. 13. 1864
Hart, John A
66
18 Oct. 4, 1864
Heston, John R
66
Oct. 15, 1864
Orbelin, Hiram B
26 Sept. 22, 1864
Harris, John
23
Oct. 10, 1864
Peack, William
18 Sept. 3, 1864
Haddix, Stephen
6
18 Oct. 1, 1864
Packard, J. D
24 Sept. 20,1864
Hurlbert, Orin S.
21
Oct. 22, 1864
Rhoades, Lewis W
17 Sept. 13.1864
Jones, Win. H
19
Sept. 21,1864
Rose, George W
18 Sept. 14, 1864
Jacobs, Fredericks
66
Oct. 10, 1864
Rardin, Lorenzo
33
18 Sept. 5, 1864
Lichtey, Jacob
66
Oct. 3, 1864
Sommer, John
66
37 Sept. 10,1864
Lentzy, William S
19
Sept. 30,1864
Shiffler, Eli.
25 Sept. 24,1864
66
Oct. 8, 1861
Swift, Horace S.
18 Sept. 22,1864
McGurk, William
Sept. 30,1864
Smithart, George
23
Oct. 5, 1864
McGowan, Wickly C
18 Oct. 18, 1864
Scott, Peter
18
Oct. 3, 1864
Mercer, Jacob
Oct. 20, 1864
Tally, Hiram
18 Sept. 26,1864
MeClure, Moses F
יי
18 Oct. 8, 1864
Weston, Thomas
41 Sept. 15,1864
Martin, Jason B.
16 Oct. 11, 1864 28
Wines, Martin L.
18 Sept. 19,1864
Miller, Lawrence N
16
Oct. 11, 1864 Oct. 17, 1864
Warren, Augustus
18 Oct. 5, 1864
McCoy, Lucius
18 Oct. 18, 1864
Ward, Simeon J
25 Oct. 5, 1864
Nutter, John
Sept. 21,1864
Lucas, Wm. C
66
18 Oct. 4, 1864
Osborne, Peter S
66
18 Sept. 12,1864
Amspaugh, George
60
42 Oct. 21, 1864
Porter, John L.
66
Oct. 10, 1864
Maris, George R
18
Sept. 2, 1864
Pugh, Joseph C
66
Sept. 16,1864
64
Francis M. Blakeman
Ist Sergt. Sept. 3 1864
Robert W. S. Ely
Sergeant.
20 Sept. 3, 1864
Francis King
66
21 Oct. 1, 1864
"Deceased.
COMPANY F.
Name.
Rank.
Age.
Entered Service.
Thomas C. Hopkins
18 Oct. 4, 1864
W. 1. Drake
Drum'r
17 Oct. 9, 1864
Oscar S. Webb
=
18 Sept. 12,1864
Bechtel, George
Burnham, Edward L
18 Oct. 6, 1864
Bushon, Andrew
Barnes, Samuel
18 Oct. 1, 1864
Betts, Luther
18 Sept. 26, 1864
Cullen, John G
Darling, George A
=
21 Oct. 18, 1864
Cassel, Curtiss
33
25 Sept. 17,1864
Heclen, Daniel
66
28 Sept. 13, 1864
Richards, John
18 Sept. 26,1864
Humpton, Thomas
6
66
16 Sept. 21,1864 Sept. 5, 1864
Kent, Daniel M
16
Oct. 13, 1864
Snyder, Henry.
20 Sept. 5, 1864
Shifller, Aaron
20 Sept. 16, 1864
Linegrove, Matthias
66
18 Oct. 4, 1864
Smith, John D
18
Sept. 30 1864
Marnott, Isaiah R
Mason, Charles II.
Wines, John W
41 Sept. 24,1864
Lewis, William
Oct. 13, 1864
Shultz, George
Oct. 7, 1864 Oct. 5, 1864
Law, George
Oct. 10, 1864 20
Strasback, Adam
66
66
66
Ifi Oct. 4, 1864
Brace, George W
18
*Warren, Alfred
18
*Wagner, John
Williams, John
Marion, John E
66
66
60
Merryman, Orson
60
66
66
37 Sept. 12, 1864
Oct. 14 1864
Wilkinson, Thomas A
278
HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY.
Rank.
Agr.
Entered Service.
Parrish, Orin (died).
Private.
41
Sept. 1, 1864
Pike, Lewis J
16
Oct. 7, 1864
Palmer, James L
43
Oet. 13, 1864
Plinnan, Julius
..
19
Oct. 7, 1864
Quinn, Peter
19
Oct. 13, 1864
Robinson, Coc G
IS
Sept. 19,1864
Rowles, Wm. T
19
Sept. 2, 1864
Ridenour, Thomas
19
Aug. 31,1864
Ryan, Simon
19
Oct. 13, 1864
Riker, Perry
18
Sept. 30,1864
Simpson, Charles ( died)
18
Oet. 6, 1864
Sprague, Orin J
23
Oct. 22, 1864
Sole, Lawrence K
21 Oct. 21, 1864
Smith, George H
27 Oct. 10, 1864
Starr, James
44 Oet. 13, 1864
Sampson, John C
30
Sept. 3, 1864
Skidmore, James B
39
Oct. 21, 1864
Smead, Adelbert
19 Oct. 4, 1864
Snyder, Samuel (died).
66
18 Oct. 14, 1864
Saunders, John
37
Sept. 21,1864
Tooler, John
25
Oct. 18, 1864
Vetter, Jacob
=
Oct. 21, 1864
Warren, Solomon S
Oct. 3, 1864
Wines, George (died)
18 Oet. 3, 1864
Whitney, George
Oet. 5, 1864
Wells, Richard
27
Sept. 3. 1864
Whistler, Daniel C
49
Oct. 6, 1864
Whitehead, Jacob
18
Oct. 4, 1864
Williamson, Thomas A
25 Sept. 2, 1864
Casbret, Peter
33
Oct. 25, 1864
Hamilton, William
22 Oct. 18, 1864
Murphy, Martin
20
Oet. 24, 1864
Weldy, David M
27
Oct. 22, 1864
Jolin Corlett, Lieutenant.
John G. Avery, (14th O. V. I.)
Anderson, Frank W. Boos, Wm. II.
Brownlee, James, ( 14th and S4th O. V. I.)
Backus, William W. * Bond, Charles P.
Bond, Wm. (67th and I4th O. V. I. and 7th U.S.A.)
Bliven, Robert, ( IT. S. Navy.)
Bassett, Ed. 1. (130th O. V. I.)
Browne, Ed. F. ( Navy, 19th Bat. and Ist U. S. Art.)
Brooks, Charles L. (130th O. V. I.)
Blakeley, Bert. Breyman, George.
Brown, Egbert, (189th O. V. I.)
Breed, Cyrus W. (U. S. Navy.)
Brigham, Stanley F. Breed, George.
Brown, George, (84th and 14th O. V. 1.)
Chesbro, Charles P. (25th N. J. V. 1.)
*Curtis, Theodore, (Captain 67th O. V. I. and Brevet Major.) Collins, Holdridge. Collins, Woolsey.
Cuddy, William, (14th (. V. I.)
Commager, Frank Y. (Navy and Army.)
Commager, David II. (Lieutenant IS4th O. V. I.)
Colton, Alpheus F. Colby, George F.
Dodd, E. S. (Lieutenant 14th O. V. 1.)
Dorr, Milton. Dunham, Sumner.
Emmick, Vincent J. (84th and 130th O. V. I.)
Freeman, Gus. Farley, G. E. (14thO. V. I.)
Hamlin, Ed. (130th (. V. 1.)
*Hamlin, Fred. (130th O. V. I.)
Herrick, F. Cooper, (Bat, H, ist O. V. L. A.)
Haskell, Fred. (130th O. V. I.)
Holloway, Alvin.
*Hazlett, George, (14th and 67th O. V. 1. and 13th U. S. Inf.)
Jones, Nathan, (5th N. Y. V. I.)
Jones, Charles II. (14th O. V. I.)
*Kirk, Walter B. (Lieutenant 14th O. V. I.)
Krans, Max. Kraus, Otto.
Ketcham, John B. 2d. #Laughlin, James H.
*Lounsbury, Levi (14th O. V. I.)
THE TOLEDO CADETS.
In 1856, a Company of Military Cadets was organized in Toledo, under the personal su- pervision of General Charles W. Hill, President of the Board of Education. That gentleman also had sole charge of their management and drill, in which he took a deep interest, and to which he devoted much time and labor. The Com- pany was composed wholly of such pupils in the Public Schools as maintained creditable standing therein. As early as July 29th of that year, the Cadets made a trip to Detroit on board the Steamer Arrow, where they were re- ceived and welcomed by the Mayor of that City, and were escorted from the Boat by de- tachments of the Detroit Light Guards and Juvenile Washington Lancers to the Armory of the former Company. Thence they were escorted to quarters supplied for them at the Michigan Exchange. They remained at De- troit until August 1st. Meantime, they received many expressions of interest and respect from
the authorities, press and citizens of that City. They visited Windsor, Canada, accompanied by the Mayor and other citizens of Detroit, and were kindly received by the people of that Town. On The return from Detroit, the Cadets, through their Captain, Hamilton C. Colton, pre- sented to General Hill a Silver Cup, in expres- sion of their appreciation of his kindness and unremitted attentions to their Company.
The Cadets maintained their organization with mneh efficiency until the outbreak of the Rebellion in 1861. At that time their numbers had increased to 87, nearly one-half of whom promptly gave to their country the benefit of their military education, by volunteering their services in the Army and Navy of the Union. Following is the roster and roll of the Com- pany at the time the Rebellion broke out. The list also shows which members of the Company enlisted in the Nation's service and the capac- ity of the same, lo-wit :
Hamilton C. Colton, Captain; 20 Lieutenant 84th O. V. I.
Avery S. Hill, Ist Lieutenant.
John A. Waite, Lieutenant.
George Haskell, Lieutenant.
Charles N. Stevens, (Lieutenant, 128th O. V. I.)
Williams, George 11
Aug. 20,1864
Avery, John (died)
36
Oct. 14, 1864
Ilumphrey, David
15
Det. 8, 1864
Henderson, Charles
16
Oct. 4, 1864 23
17 Oct. 10, 1864
Slater, Wilson
66
28 Oet. IS, 1864
Wheeler, John
279
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER II.
Lloyd, E. S. McKee, John M.
Millard, Charles. MeLeary, Ed. Pike, Albert.
Mertz, Charles.
Parmelee, William E., Jr. (Lieut. Bat. HI, Ist O. V. L. A.)
Potter, Emory D., Jr.
Roemer, Henry C. (Captain 14th and 1821 O. V. I.)
Russell, Jerome IJ. Rich, Ilenry.
*Raymond, J. Morton (Lieut. 21st Ohio Bat.)
*Redding, Alex. Saltonstall, Dudley E.
Scott, Albert E. (Bat. II, 1st O. V. L. A.)
Saltonstall, J. W.
Stebbins, Charles.
Spencer, Charles L. *Scott, Isaiah.
Shepard, Charles G. Southard, Thomas J.
Stevens, Frederick (130th O. V. I.)
*Steedman, Louis (Lieutenant -. ) *Stephan, Jo. *Scott, Charles B.
Thomas, Jerome B. (14th O. V. I.)
Taylor, 11. Burt. (Lieutenant 195th O. V. I.) Waite, C. C. Waite, Ed. F.
Wenning. Lonis. Wittich, Charles.
Waggoner, Ralph H. (130th O. V. I.) *Walbridge, W. Ilunt (84tl O. V. I.) Walbridge, Dudley.
*Deceased.
The organization of the School Cadets ceased with the opening of the War, and as such was never revived. As already shown (page 89), an organization known as the Toledo Zouave Cadets, was formed, and officers elected for it, but it never entered the military service.
In 1871, a Company, like the former com- posed of young men, and taking the name of " Toledo Cadets," was organized by Captain Josiah W. White, who was instructor of the same. In 1872, the Company took the name of Myers Cadets, continuing as such until it was disbanded in 1876.
In November, 1877. the Company was reor- ganized as the Toledo Cadets, with the follow- ing officers : Captain, Wm. V. McMaken ; First Lientenant, Wm. R. Worts; Second Lieuten- ant, Edward A. Hoffman. This organization continued until March 17, 1879, when it was mnstered into the State service as an unattached Company of Ohio National Guard, being the ouly organization in the State holding that re- lation. The officers under such arrangement have been as follows :
Captain-William V. McMaken.
First Lieutenant-William R. Worts, to March I. 1883; William H. Cook, since March 1, 1883.
Second Lieutenant-Horace C. Gerber, to Mareli 1, 1880; William H. Cook, to March 1, 1883; H. G. Gassaway, to July 3, 1885; Wm. F. Mack, to June 6, 1886; Frank Datesman, to March 12, 1887; Thomas T. Watters, since March 12, 1887.
OFFICERS AND MEMBERS, 1887.
Captain, Wm. V. MeMaken. First Lieutenant, William H. Cook. Second Lieutenant, Thomas T. Watters.
SERGEANTS.
1. William F. Johnson.
2. Eugene W. Gage.
3. DeWitt C. Linn.
4. Graham B. Lownsbury. Color, Benjamin D. Vail.
Quartermaster, Arthur W. S. Irving.
CORPORALS.
1. Richard K. Rundell.
2. Joseph P. Hutchison.
3. Sheridan E. Law.
4. P. Carlton Walker.
5. Edwin C. Frisbie.
PRIVATES.
Atwill, William HI.
Breymann, Engene.
Brigham, William A.
Brophy, Stephen.
Chapman, Harry M. Cochran, Witt K.
Cowles, Willard F.
Caine, Charles A.
Cooke, Frank S. Durian, Charles Il.
Goodall, Harry H.
Hansen, Samuel.
Harroun, Robert E.
Hooper, Harrison S.
McKeeknie, Clarence E.
Morris, Fred. P.
Parsons, John J.
Paine, George l'. Perrin, Arthur W. Pixley, Edwin 1. Quino, Fred. K.
Ray, Pliny C. Raymer, James E.
Rowley, Arthur F.
Smith, Mark M.
Spielbusch, John II., Jr.
Welbon, William G.
Vincent, James B. Whittingham, Thomas Il.
Waite, George T.
Ilowells, Frank 1. MeCutcheon, Fred. D.
Maxon, Bruce E. Parsons, Eugene S. Paine, Charles S.
Since the organization of the Company it has taken part in several competitive drills, of more or less importance. In 1878, it won the championship of Toledo, and in 1879, that of Northwestern Ohio. In 1880, it took the second prize in a strongly contested drill at Galion, Ohio. It took the first prize ($1,000) at the Inter- State drill, at Detroit, Michigan, in June, 1882, against 15 Companies. In September, 1882, it secured the second prize ($1,000) at the Tri- State Fair drill, at Toledo. The Company took part in the National drill at Washington City, in May, 1887, in which 34 Companies competed. The seventh position was accorded to it, under the rules established by the Judges ; while the judgment of the audience and the expressions of the public press would have justified the as- signment of the first prize to the Cadets. In June, 1887, at Findlay, the Company took the first prize ($1,000) and championship of Ohio, in a competitive drill.
This organization, as each of its predecessors, has always shared liberally in the favor and support of the citizens of Toledo, who have felt special pride in its professional success, and even more in the exceptional moral tone and demeanor which have distinguished it, at home and abroad.
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PART IV. GOVERNMENTAL.
19
CHAPTER I.
PUBLIC LANDS.
A MONG the delicate and embarrassing ques- tions which arose in setting in operation the new order of Government after the Revo- lutionary War, was that of title to the vast domain of wild territory stretching from the settlements in New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, to the Mississippi River. The diffi- eulty consisted in the conflieting claims of the United States Government and those of the States, and especially Virginia and Connecti- ent, whose charters from the Crown of Eng- land covered the larger portion of such lands. The question was made the more serious, by the fact that the States which had no sneh territory, remonstrated against the elaim as unjust, inasmuch as the title to the lands had been secured by the common sacrifiees of all the States. The case was finally settled by the cession of the territory in question to the United States by the several States-Virginia yielding up her claim to the vast territory Northwest of the Ohio, and Connecticut her claim to the same, save the district along Lake Eric, known as the "Connectient Reserve." This action was followed by legislation by Congress, looking to the sale of the territory thus ceded. The first plan was to sell in quantities of two million aeres each, based upon the idea of colonies or settlements under the purchasers of such tracts. The Ohio Company, on the Muskingum River, made the first pur- chase of this sort. Subsequently the quantity was redneed to one-million tracts, when John Cleves Symmes, of New Jersey, and associates, bought that quantity between the Miami Rivers, in Southwestern Ohio, and adjoining the Ohio Company's tract. In 1785, a traet on the Ohio River and the Pennsylvania line, con- sisting of seven ranges of Townships five miles square, was surveyed and offered for sale in quarter Townships. This policy of sales in large tracts was not successful, for the reason that it did not hold out requisite indueements for immigration by the class of people neces- sary to the desired settlement. Hence, in 1796 Congress reduced the quantity of salable lands to Sections of one mile square in alter- nate Townships, and to quarter Townships of three miles square in the residue of the lands. This plan working but little better than the others, Congress in 1800 directed the subdi- vision of these lands for sale in half-seetions of 320 acres, and for the first time opened Land Offices in the vicinities of the lands thus pre- pared for sale-Cincinnati, Marietta, Chilli-
cothe and Steubenville being selected for such offices. The Indian title to all lands in Ohio, except in the Northwest, having been relin- quished, immigration at once became active, and the Eastern, Northern and Southern sec- tions were rapidly settled. Still, the smallest tract to be had of the Government was a See- tion, or 640 acres. Ere long another reduction was made in the minimum of sale, and quarter seetions of 160 acres, could be bought at $2.00 per acre, on a credit of five years, 40 days be- ing allowed for the first payment of 20 per cent. This arrangement at once gave such activity to settlement, that in 1802 there was popula- tion sufficient to justify the organization of a State Government for Ohio. Still, the land system of the Government was not a success, for the reason that a very large portion of purchases under the eredit plan were made with the expectation that the lands could be made to produce means for all but the earliest payments. This was true of those buying for improvement and cultivation, as well as of speculators. The result was general disap- pointment on the part of purchasers, and the accumulation of an immense debt to the Gov- ernment, said to exceed in amount the entire money in the Western States. By 1820, this indebtedness on lands purchased in the West reached the sum of $22,000,000, and was rapidly increasing through accruing interest, with little prospect of becoming less; while its effect upon purchasers was to paralyze enterprise and im- provement of every sort and to threaten general bankruptcy. So serious did the situa- tion become, that Congress was forced to action
for relief. To Jacob Burnet of Cincinnati seems due the eredit of the plan adopted. Ile drew up a memorial to Congress, setting forth the facts of the case, ineluding the utter hope- lessness of relief under existing conditions, and proposing that purchasers be allowed to sur- render their contracts, select snch portions of their purchases as they might choose, and ap- ply on the same the amounts of payments al- ready made, baek interest being released by the Government. This seheme was adopted, and with it an important change in the land system, under which all lands were to be sold for cash down only, with the price reduced from 82.00 to $1.25 per acre, with the minimum sales fixed at eighth-sections of 80 acres each. This brought immediate and material relief to the entire West, and greatly stimulated settle- ment by actual owners of the lands they occu-
[283]
281
HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY.
pied. Thus had the quantity of purchasable land been reduced from 2,000,000 to 80 aeres, and the price from $2.00 to $1.25, at which the cost has remained to this time. But these are not the only partienlars in which settlement has been encouraged. The policy of pre-emp- tion by actual occupation has operated largely to promote immigration and the development of the great West, since by such policy the poor- est settlers have been enabled to obtain homes without cost of purchase, a wonderful change from the policy under which all settlers were subjected to dependence on the few speculators who were enabled to purchase large tracts of lands from the Government .*
In this connection, and as an important agency in the work of settlement and develop- ment of the great West, may be mentioned the policy of the Government under which grants of lands were made to a large number of cor- porations, as inducement for the construction of Railways through the National domain, chiefly in anticipation of settlement and of traffic requisite for the support of such improve- ments. Without here undertaking to enter upon a history of this action by the Govern- ment, or npon a discussion of the arguments, pro and con., used in such connection, it is suf- ficient to say, that on the whole, such policy has operated to the advantage of the country. Commencing with the grants to the Illinois C'entral Railroad, under which that great trunk line was run from the Northern points to the Southern extreme of that State, at the very time when such medium for market and travel was indispensable to the early development of the rich prairies, which otherwise must have long continued without settlement, the emi- nent success of this experiment operated strong- ly to extensive employment of land-subsidies which soon followed. There probably is not a single Western State-as there certainly is not a Western Territory-which has not enjoyed in greater or less degree the benefits of this ex-
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