USA > Ohio > Lucas County > Toledo > History of the city of Toledo and Lucas County, Ohio > Part 124
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For brooms, mats, cups, scrapers, pails, &c. 103 68
For books, stationery and printing 140 81
For water-cooler for High School. 8 00
For taking enumeration of youth 33 20
For moving Colored School House
35 00
For repairing and casing High School clock 25 00
For keeping same in order 1 year.
25 00
For repairs on High School grounds and Unclassified School 133 67
For stoves, chairs, pipe and repairs of stoves For posting books and copying 20 00
135 44
For lime for vaults 10 00
For repairs of furniture
32 25
For Janitors' salaries and care of houses
693 77
For fuel -- coal and wood and preparing same
792 63
For interest to Kelcham, Berdan & Co. on
88 78
Total disbursements $12,707 53
The estimated expenditure for the following year amounted to $15,207.50.
The statement of disbursements for the year ending August 31, 1887, showed a total ex- penditure of 8175,832.13. Of this amount, $95,084.94 was for salaries of Teachers, Super- intendent, Clerk, Janitors and Superintendent of buildings ; 832.938.29 for improvement, for- niture and repairs ; and $6,617.35 for miscella- neons expenses.
In 1858 the City owned eight buildings for School purposes, to wit:
BUILDING,
Size.
Rooms.
Material.
Built.
Value.
Superior St. (207). Illinois Street _.
33×53
6
Brick.
1850
$ 6,500
33x53
S
1850
800
Lagrange Street.
60x94 |
13
1852
14,000
Unclassified
22×50
3
Wood.
1853
750
High School
56×102
26
Brick.
1854 50,000
Yondota
25×45
4
Wood.
1855
3,400
Whittlesey Street
34x64 .
Brick.
1858
10,500
Colored School.
23×46 |
Wood.
1856
1,450
1856
3101
49
32
1609
1113
20
1857
3078
68
32
1×93
1078
1858
3044
31
194-1
1024
27
1887
24500
Colored, School
Pupils in Col'd
Schools.
Total School
Enrollment.
Average Daily
Attendance.
Teachers
Employed.
1850
1010
1851.
1258
735
510
9
1852
1318
26
628
400
10
1853
1854
27
1039
12
1854
2122
37
30
1218
643
1-1
1855
2.154
25
1301
914
19
Totals
$87,400
9370
7157
189
1850
Port Lawrence
330
1,316
Waynesfield
420
817
Waterville
205
406
Sylvania
208
302
Wing*
41
136
Swan Creek*
151
Springfield
183
355
Providence
6-1
166
York*
160
Clinton*
153
Gorham*
119
Chesterfield*
116
Royalton*
125
Amboy*
179
Gorham*
Oregon
75
166
Richfield
96
147
Spencer.
Washington
280
450
Manhattan
166
204
Total for the County
3,190
3,643
*Set off to Fulton County in 1850.
The following table shows the number of youth in Toledo entitled to School privileges ; the number of colored children in the City ; the number of the latter in School; the total enrollment of Schools; average attendance; and number of Teachers employed. 1850 10 1858, inclusive; and also, like statistics for 1887 :
Yrar.
Total of
School Age.
Agr.
$365.64
Waynesfieldl
212.87
Waterville
33.27
Swan Creek and Wing.
8.37
Sylvania
5.53
York
1.00
Total collections $626.68
The following were the returns of children and youth entitled to school privileges within the County of Lucas, in 1840, and in 1850, to wit :
1840.
Total 185
SWAN CREEK AND WING-District No. 1. 35 Scholars.
Total return for the County 914
The amounts of moneys collected for School purposes in the County in 1836, were as follows :
Port Lawrence Township.
1850
S
682
128
money borrowed to pay teachers.
64
627
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
At this time (November, 1887), there are 26 School buildings, with 176 rooms, besido 20 rooms in the Manual Training building; making a total of 196 rooms. Following is a list of School buildings in use, with cost of same to August 31, 1887 :
Central
$109,981 58
Erie Schoot
74,972 64
Lagrange
32.813 72
Stickney
43,213 11
Sherman 56,024 96
Jefferson 50,623 85
Washington
57,330 86
Illinois 26,880 01
Nebraska
46,294 71
Nebraska Annex
10,238 28
South
24,006 16
East Toledo
45,353 25
Broadway
45,635 48 45,329 72
St. Clair
32,999 84
Hoag
12,337 76
Southeast Toledo
15,042 86
Brown's Addition
849 42
North Toledo
4,203 38
Manhattan
177 28
Parkland
4,336 44
Junction
896 71
Walbridge
4,929 18
Ironville.
1,063 06
*Howland (East Toledo)
*Tremainesville
Total cost.
$756,534 38
* Became the property of the Board by the extension of the City limits.
REPORT FOR: 1887.
No. Teachers
Pupils Register-
Average Daily
Daily Att. pr.ct.
Av. No Pupils
No. Cases Tar-
No. Promot'ns to
Higher Grades.
Failures in Ex-
aminat'n, June.
High School*
-323
262
9%
10
209
210
35
Grammar Schools ..
16
676
568
96
36
459
371
107
Intermediate Schools
29 1,335 1,124
95
39
615
837
172
Secondary Schools
52 2,593 2.052
91
39 1.870 1,339
538
Primary Schools.
77 4,259 3,014
89
40,3,570 1,862
340
Ungraded.
184
117
85
23
156
74
22
Superintendent
1
Totals
189 9,370 7,157
6,899 4,693 1,214
* Also two Special Teachers in High and Grammar Schools.
The ages of pupils in Toledo Public Schools in the year 1887, were as follows :
Age.
Boys.
Girls.
Total.
6 years
708
709
1,417
7
476
483
959
8
556
506
1,062
9
556
518
1,074
11
475
444
919
12
441
139
880
13
423
330
753
14
275
255
530
15
131
210
312
16
107
128
235
17
18
52
100
18
14
35
49
19
1
20
4
1
5
25
1
1
Totals
4,756
4,614
9,370
The number of pupils of different ages en- tering Junior Primary grade as beginnors, is as follows: 1,207 were 6 years old ; 115, 7; 51. 8; 12, 9; 3, 10; ] was Il, and I was 12.
The youngest pupils in the High School were 13 years old (a boy and a girl); the youngest in Junior Grammar (one boy and four girls), Il years old; the youngest in the Junior Intermediate (a girl), nine years old. The oldest in Junior Secondary (a girl), 18: the oldest in Ungraded School (a girl), 16 years.
STATE STATISTICS.
A. D. Lord, S. S. Rickley and H. 11. Barney, Committee of the Ohio Teachers' Association, in April, 1849, made a report to Samuel Gallo- way, Secretary of State and Superintendent of Public Schools, in which were set forth the views of that organization on the condition and needs of the State in respect to education.
After brief statement of existing conditions and consequent needs, the Committee go on to state the nature and advantages of the Union School system; its adaptedness to the wants of different communities; expense of its adoption, ete. In that connection, some figures were given of current expenses of Schools, which will he of interest under the changed conditions.
The salaries then paid to Female Teachers, in " well-regulated Public Schools," varied from $2 to $7 per week. In Cleveland, the rates were $2 to $5 per week ; in Columbus, Primary Teachers received $160 per year, and Secondary 8200; in Cincinnati, 8192 to 8336; and in Mas- sillon, $200 to $400. In Senior or Grammar Schools, in Columbus and Cleveland, $400; in Cincinnati, $600. The salary of Principal of High School in Cleveland, and Superintendent in Akron, $500; of Principal of Union School, Perrysburg, and of the Boys' School, Zanes- ville, $600; Superintendent Public Schools, Sandusky, $700; of Principal Massillon Union School and Superintendent at Columbus, $800; and of Principal of Central School, Cincinnati, $1,500-the highest in the list.
The average price of annual tuition in the Cleveland Schools, in 1848, was $3.96; in Cin- cinati, 87.00; in Massillon, $6.00; in Public Schools of Philadelphia, for tuition, books and stationery, $6.49. In 20 Eastern Cities, the lowest average was 85.66, and the highest average $14.60, the cost in Private Schools being two to three times that in Public Schools. It had been found in Providence, R. I., that all the children of that City could be educated for $10,000 less, in tuition, than had been paid for the education of a portion of them in Private Sehools, and in Salem, Mass., for $13,000 less. It was faets such as these, then so strongly urged upon the people and the State Legisla- ture by the Teachers' Association, that mainly operated to the introduction of the Union School system in Ohio soon after the publica- tion of the above mentioned showing.
10
540
496
1,036
5
ed.
Attendance.
in Enrollment.
Per Teucher.
diness.
Employed.
Warren
628
HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY.
The following statistics of Cities of Ohio having a population in 1880 of 7,500 and over, are taken from the report for that year of the United States Commissioner of Education :
Population, 1880.
No. of School Age.
Enrollment in
Public Schools.
Estimated Enroll.
of other Schools.
No. Public School
Sittings in Public
School Buildings.
Teachers in Pub-
lic Schools.
Value of School
School Tar( Mills.)
Salary of Superin-
Total Expendi-
Average Expenses
Per Scholar.
Akron
16,512
4,719
3,055
540!
S
2.927
56 $105,000
4.5
$2,000
$75,528 $15 83
Canton
12,258
3,761
2,627
450
7
2,350
49
152,200
5
1,500
39,056
14 05
Cincinnati
255,130
87,618
34,577
16,435
59
36,381
529 2,000,000
3.2
3,500
707,893 , 22 29
Cleveland
160,146
49,256
24,262
10,056
41
20,416
368 1,663,035
4.7
3,300
386,638
19 34
Columbus
51,665
14,662
7,902
1,927
26
7,288
132
707,5844
5.5
3,000
209,670 , 21 63
Dayton
38,677
11,660
5,902
1,701
13
6,149
104
346,700
2,500
151,818
19 57
Fremont
8,451
2,358
1,017
400
7
1,100
17
60,000
1
2,000
13,889
20 26
Hamilton
12,122
4,990
2,020
1,000
5
2,000
23
125,000
5
1,600
34,513
16 90
Ironton
8,857
2,720
1,807
300
5
1,600
23
39,200
2.88
1,200
21,162
13 09
Mansfield
9,859
2,848
1,905
220
6
2,148
34
140,500
5
1,620
26,346
15 58
Newark
9,602
3,715
1,854
280
6
1,990
36
95,300
5
1,650
22,830
t'ortsmouth
11,321
3,734
2,150
200
1,970
38
IS0,000
5
1,300
31,397
15 00
Sandusky
15,838
6,166
2,649
900
10
2,750
42
204,000
7
2,000
47,627
15 09
Springfield
20,729
5,683
2,683
800
8
2,733
119,819
5.5
2,000
48,364
18 71
Steubenville
12,003
4,373
2,458
G
2,032
33
125,900
4.5
1,600
29,082
13 65
Tiffin .
7,879
2,944
1,315
5
1,456
23
30,000
5.5
1,200
18,365 . 17 52
TOLEDO
50,143
14.898
7,615
2,000
23
6,500
109
551,000
6
2,000
139,131
15 31
Zanesville
18,113
5,497
3,103
600
18
62.
175,000
3.5
1,200
49,467
22 77
Average Expense per Scholar for the Cities named. $17.44.
COLOR IN THE TOLEDO SCHOOLS.
As already stated, distinction of race, from the first, was made in the privileges of public instruction in Ohio, as in most, if not all, other States of the Union. And such distinction was chiefly marked by the severity and injus- tice of its bearing upon the race having the proscribed color. This was the policy of the State, fixed in its laws and made obligatory upon all communities in which instruction should be given under authority of law. No " local option" or other form of escape from such unjust requirement was allowed in any School thus established. Hence, in accepting and acting upon such policy of wrong, Toledo did only what circumstances made inexorable. There is no reason, however, to suppose that the people of this City, in that respect, were either more or less liberal in their sentiment and wishes, than were the average of com- munities in the North. That average was sufficiently severe to sustain the policy then prevalent, and which continued to prevail until reversed by the radical change in Northern sentiment brought about by the rebellion and its wonderful results. Very gradually the popu- lar sentiment in this City, as throughout the North after the close of the War, began to re- lax, and a more considerate feeling became manifest. But it was slow.
At one time in the early history of the To- ledo School system, the two races were associ- ated in the Schools. This, however, was but a condition of sufferance. All the time, the laws
of the State maintained the right of any parent or guardian of a white scholar, by protest, to drive every colored child from the Schools and into the Streets; and it was not long ere such power was exercised, and the proscribed left without School privileges of any sort. In time, however, the Board of Education established a School for the blacks. It was opened in the old frame building on Erie Street, which in 1835, while used as a School-house, was made more memorable as the first Conrt-house of the County. It was illy lighted and poorly supplied with facilities, and in strong contrast with the superb provision made for the whites. The location was not central, and many colored children were by distance denied access to the School, even had the accommodations been sufficient for them. Into this oue building, were gathered such pupils as were able to gain admission-ranging from the minimum of law- ful age to adults. In 1867, with 200 to 300 colored children of School age in the City. of whom not one in five was in this School, the matter of better provision for that class began to be discussed. It was urged upon the Board, by both colored parents and many white citizens, that either colored pupils should be admitted to the other Schools, or equality in privilege be accorded them through the estab- lishment of new Schools. The question, from time to time, was discussed, pro and con., with increasing advantage to the cause of justice, until the Spring of 1871, when the public sen- timent had assumed sufficient strength for the right to make itself felt in the choice of men-
Property.
tendents.
ture.
Buildings.
629
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
bers of the Board of Education, and a majority favorable to equality in School privileges, was obtained at the annual election in May, 1871. As the result of such expression of popular sen- timent, the Board voted to remove the bars to equality in privileges, and at the opening of the next School year, in September, all children of Toledo, for the first time, were placed upon a par as to rights to education. From the first, the new policy was a success. The long de- barred race at once vindicated their capacity for instruction; while the almost entire har- mony of the two races in association, proved the fallacy of predictions that such attempt at co-education would in itself be a failure, while it would be the cause of disaster to the School system. So far from this latter view being correct, it was shown that the two classes of children went along with their studies, almost entirely oblivious of race or caste. It was soon found, that, as from the first predicted by the advocates of the policy of equality, that such association neither made the white child blacker nor the black child whiter; but both better, by the recognition of the Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of Man, on which their common School relations were based. Another result of the new order of things has been seen in the utter disproof of the theory so actively urged against the policy of justice, that such co-education would lead to greater mixture of races in the family relation. If there has since been any change in that respect, it certainly has not been in the direction pre- dieted. It is found in this case, as in all others, that the recognition of equality in the rights and privileges of citizenship, in no way tends to the practice of miscegenation, so confidently predieted by the opponents of such policy. On the contrary, the result has fully shown, that while thereby the subjects of former oppression are raised in the scale of manhood, their late oppressors are brought to a more just sense of the true character of citizenship.
It is deemed proper in this connection, that the action of the Board of Education, by which the bars to race exclusion in the management of the Toledo Public Schools were finally re- moved, should be recorded here. It was taken June 26, 1871, when were present C. W. Hill (President), Alonzo Rogers, Calvin Cone, Val- entine Braun, Edward Malone, E. V. MeMaken and D. Y. Howell. Messrs. Rogers and Cone, a majority of a Select Committee on the subject of education of colored children, made report (Mr. Howell, as a minority, dissenting) as fol- lows:
We find, upon examination, that the law of the State relating to colored children, recites as follows : " Directors or other officers of Schools having author- ity in the premises in each City or incorporated Vil- lage, shall be, and the same are hereby authorized and required to establish within their respective jurisdictions, one or more separate Schools for col- ored children, when the whole number by enumera-
tion exceeds 20, and when such Schools will afford them, as far as practicable, the advantages and priv- ileges of a Common School education." We also find, that the Intermediate School is the highest grade established in either of the two separate Schools for colored children now under control of this Board; and we are firmly of the opinion, that the present Schools for colored children, do not afford such chil- dren, as far as practicable, the advantages and priv- ileges of a Common School education, as the law clearly contemplates they are entitled to ; nor do we think it practicable to establish separate Schools for all the grades of this class of children : therefore,
Resolved, That hereafter the colored children of the City shall be entitled to attend any of the Public Schools (for which they may be qualified), in the Wards in which they may reside.
Resolved, That the words, " and Colored Schools," in Article 3, Section I, of the By-Laws, shall be re- pealed ; also the whole of Section 1 in Article 11.
After the presentation and rejection of an amendment looking to further investigation into the needs of colored children for further School facilities, to a modification of the law on the subject, and to a careful regard for the existing public sentiment on the same, the above report was adopted, on the following vote: Yeas-Messrs. Braun, Cone, McMaken and Rogers. Nays-Messrs. Hill, Howell and Malone. The eighth member of the Board (Matthew Shoemaker), then absent, was un- derstood to be favorable to the action taken.
In publishing such action by the Board of Education, the Toledo Commercial said :
From this time forward, so far as Toledo is con- verned, the road to knowledge is not to be, as hereto- fore, hedged about with obstructions and dividing lines, based upon prejudice and pride of race; but will be open to the free and unembarrassed competition of all who see fit to enter. The little one will not here- atter be met at the door of a professeetly " Free School," and its right to admission subjected to the result of a scientific test, to decide whether or not the Almighty has placed its immortal soul within a skin of "regulation " color. The great and crushing weight of proscribed caste, will no longer rest upon helpless searchers for knowledge, guilty of no offense against their fellows, save the fact, that they are as God made them ; and the other fact, that He did not make all other children like then.
EVENING SCHOOLS.
In December, 1870, a series of Evening Schools was commeneed in Toledo, under the superintendence of D. F. DeWolf, Superin- tendent of Public Schools. Sessions for free instruction of both sexes in separate rooms were held on three nights of each week, until March 17, 1871, making 37 sessions. The whole attendance was 384-301 males and 74 females ; average, 194. Ages of pupils ranged from 13 to 30 years-average 18 years.
Teachers in Male School-A. T. Stebbins, E. W. Lenderson and Guido Marx, Principals; II. S. Ilol- loway, Librarian ; F. E. Seagrave, Alice Wagner, Clara Marx, Betty Marx, Katy Welker, Libbie C. Williams, August Wollert, Emma Powell, Julia Carkener, Jolin Klagg, Avery S. Hill, Ella Beatty, Mary Beatty, Addison White, Belle Young, Alex.
-
630
HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY.
Young, R. A. Owens, Sarah Smith, Thomas Cone, Mary Cone, Josephine Cook, W. S. Jackson, Ella Hall, Anna E. Nicholas, Antoinette Nicholas, W. II. Eager, Rebecca Williams, Mart. Campbell, - Bo- land, Jennie Brownlee, Amelia Horton, John Lyman, J. J. ffakios, Susan P. Flagg, Miss Pomeroy, Miss Winthrop, Miss Commager, Mrs. Plympton Buck, Mr. Richards, Mr. Witstein, D. Y. Howell, A. D. Howell, John Barton, Arthur M. Stem, A. A. MeDon- ald, Mr. Faulkner, C. A. Gorrill, Abbie Eastman, Ezra Harnett, Mrs. David Ketcham, Maggie Gil- christ.
In Female Schools-R. M. Streeter, Miss Il. J. Ainger, Mrs. S. R. L. Williams, Miss E. W. Fitch, Geo. B. Brown, A. R. Scagrave, Miss L. R. Robbins, Principals; Miss Josephine Bruce, Miss Law, Mrs. R. M. Streeter, Miss Buck, Mary Jaquet, Lucy Bevier, Helen Baldwin, Sarab Smith, Eva St. John, Mrs. A.
E. Howe, Laura Kraus, Addie Wheelock, Mrs. E. M. Field, Charlotte S. Forsyth, Clara Harberger, Cannie Mott, Mrs. J. T. Newton.
Superintendent De Wolf bore strong testi- mony to the fidelity, devotion and efficiency of' the several Teachers named, and to the eminent success of the Schools in imparting instruction to the needy pupils, The Board of Education appropriated 8500 for the support of these Schools. Including contributions of citizens, there was on hand at the close of the term property valued at $509.64.
Evening Schools have been more or less maintained since the date above named.
TOLEDO CENTRAL AND MANUAL TRAINING SCHOOL BUILDING.
TOLEDO UNIVERSITY.
October 21, 1872, Jessup W. Scott and Susan Scott, his wife, conveyed to the " Toledo Uni- versity of Arts and Trades," an incorporation created for that purpose, 160 acres of land in Adams Township, adjacent to the City line, and " estimated in valne at $80,000, in trust for the promotion of education in the Arts and Trades and related Sciences, in addition to what is furnished by the Public Schools of the City." The design, as set forth in the deed of trust, was as follows :
To establish an institution for the promotion of knowledge in the Arts and Trades aud the related Sciences, by means of lectures and oral instruction ; of models and representative works of arts ; of cabi- nets of minerals; of museums, instructive of the mechanic arts ; and of whatsoever else may serve to furnish Artists and Artisans with the best facilities for a high culture in their respective occupations, in
addition to what are furnished by the Public Schools of the City. Also, to furnish instruction in the use of phonographic characters, and to aid their intro- duetion into more general use, by writing and print- ing. And also, to encourage health-giving, invigo- rating recreations.
The Trustees of the proposed institution, as named by the deed, were Jessup W. Scott, William H. Scott, Frank J. Scott, Maurice A. Scott, Richard Mott, Sarah R. L. Williams, William H. Raymond, Albert E. Macomber, Charles W. Hill, and, also, ex-officio, the Mayor and the Superintendent of Public Schools in Toledo, and the Governor of the State of Obio. Richard Mott was subsequently elected Presi- dent of the Board of Trustees.
By a subsequent amendatory deed to said Toledo University of Arts and Trades, Jessup W. Scott and wife released the Trustees from some of the conditions imposed in the first
631
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
deed, so that the trust fund might be used to advance education in the Arts and Trades in connection with any Municipal or State fund or system of Public Education. This change was made at the earnest solicitation of his son, Frank J. Scott, who had long been impressed with the importance of grounding all educa- tional work on the broad basis of the free Public School system.
In 1868, Mr. F. J. Scott published in the Radical Review, of Boston, an original and suggestive essay entitled " The Future Palaces of America," in which the possibilities of the free publie educational system of the United States, if carried to its legitimate extent, were eloquently presented. The necessity of secur- ing practical education in the Arts and Trades upon the same basis already adopted by the States for primary and classical education, was thus fortunately recognized by Mr. J. W. Scott in time to execute the amendatory deed just before his death.
April 1, 1873, with funds given by William HI. Raymond the Trustees of the said Univer- sity of Arts and Trades purchased the property known as Raymond Hall, corner of Adams and Tenth Streets, for the purpose of beginning the work of such institution. The property was purchased at public sale, and the situation was deemed a desirable one. The gift from Mr. Raymond amounted to $15,000.
After the death of Jessup W. Seott, which oc- curred January 22, 1874, his widow, Susan W. Scott, and their three sons, carried out his known wish to have the University further endowed by the joint conveyance to the Trustees of the University of real property in the City of Toledo, estimated in value at $50,000.
In the Summer of 1873, Mr. Frank J. Scott procured in Europe for the School of Design a very valuable collection of studies in Archi- tecture and Mechanical Arts, consisting of books, photographs, engravings and litho- graphic prints in great variety.
January 14, 1875, the Trustees of the Uni- versity of Arts and Trades arranged to open the School of Design in Raymond Hall two hours during five evenings of each week, also on each Saturday, and Mr. Wm. Young was employed as instructor. May 1, 1875, Mr. Young was called away from Toledo, and Mr. C. J. Shipley was employed in his place. Sub- sequently Mr. E. O. Fallis took charge of the school. This School of Design continued for several seasons and imparted valuable instruc- tion to large classes of pupils, but there being no funds to maintain it, it had to be discontinued.
January 18, 1884, the Trustees of the Toledo University of Arts and Trades resolved to make a tender of the entire University prop- erty to the City of Toledo, on condition that the City would assume the trust under and by virtue of the powers conferred in Sections 4095
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