History of the city of Toledo and Lucas County, Ohio, Part 49

Author: Waggoner, Clark, 1820-1903
Publication date: 1888
Publisher: New York and Toledo : Munsell & Company
Number of Pages: 1408

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held in high esteem by a large circle of ac- quaintances. Lieutenant Jaquett yet survives his lost friend and resides in Toledo.

J. T. Bengongh, formerly the publisher of the Fairmount (W. Va.) National, was a volun- teer in the Union Army, and was killed at Winchester, June 14, 1863. He had two sisters (('elia and Julia), teachers in the Toledo Public Schools. Miss Celia at once left for the pur- pose of recovering the body of her brother. August 7th, in a letter from Pittsburgh, Penn., she stated that she had arrived there safe and well, after an imprisonment of five weeks in Castle Thunder, Richmond. She and her brother's widow partially succeeded in their sad errand. They had the body disinterred and buried in a coffin in Winchester Cemetery. Ilearing that they would be sent as prisoners to Richmond, and that women there suffered terribly, they concluded to elude the pickets on the Romney road and get to New Creek. After making 20 miles of their journey on foot, they met Rebel Cavalry, were made prisoners and sent to Richmond, where, after five weeks' detention without charges being made, they were discharged.

Captain John W. Sprague, Company E, 7th O. V. I., was the first Union prisoner that reached Washington after release at Charles- ton. ITis residence was Huron, Erie County, Ohio. By invitation of the Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society, Toledo, he visited that City and addressed a public meeting at White's Hall, January 30, 1862. His removals-first from the Richmond Tobacco House to Charleston jail, then to Castle Pinckney, and again to Columbia jail-gave him a pretty complete taste of Rebel prison life, outside Anderson- ville and the other death-pens, subsequently met by Union Soldiers. Captain Sprague rose to the grade of Brigadier General. For many years past (1887) he has been in Oregon, prominently identified with the Northern Pa- cific Railroad and the navigation interests of that region.

No incident of the Rebellion was more touch- ing in its proof of loyalty and true heroism of the Union Soldier, than was what was known as the " Mitchel Raid," occurring in the spring of 1862. While none of the parties engaged in it were from Lucas, Wood County was rep- resented therein by brave and patriotic men. The story of this memorable expedition, as

succinctly told by John R. French, in a letter of March 26, 1863, to the Cleveland Herald, is given herewith, as illustrative both of the firm loyalty of Union Soldiers and of the inhu- manity and fiendish malignity which marked the treatment of these Soldiers when prisoners in the hands of the Rebels. The statement is as follows:

Last April (1862), when our most gallant and deeply lamented General Mitchel with his brave little Army had obtained a foothold in Northern Alabama,-this keen-sighted and earnest soldier matured a plan of operations, which, if successful, would have proved of incalculable valne to the Federal cause. The first step in the plan, and an absolute necessity to its suc- cess, was to eut an important Railroad line by de- stroying a bridge distant 250 miles in the enemy's country. For this expedition, whose hazard was only equaled by its importance, 22 brave and patri- otic men were selected from the Second, Twenty- First, and Thirty-Third Ohio Regiments. In citizen's dress they successfully made their way through the country until they reached the Railroad near Mari- etta, Ga. llere they purchased tickets for different points and took seats in the first train toward the de- sired bridge. In a few hours the train stopped for breakfast, and our 22 heroes were careful at once to be found near the head of the train-apparently green fellows from the mountains for the first time gazing at a locomotive. As the engineer and fireman left their places for the breakfast-room, tiro Ohio men stepped on, while a third pulled the pin, disconnecting all but four ears from the engine-and away went our 22 men, while five regiments of Rebels quartered at that station stood wondering at the short stop and unusual speed of the train.

With this train they successfully accomplished 100 miles of their journey-and nearly reached the bridge -but unexpected delays on account of several extra trains on the road that day, frustrated their plans, and they narrowly escaped capture, the company scattering in the woods and mountains, each to make his way back to our lines as best he might. The whole country was summoned to the hunt, and with trained blood hounds finally every man was taken. After a number of the men had been taken and had been brought to the village of Chattanooga, the mob gathered around and demanded the purpose of the expedition, the name of its leader, the name of the engineer, and the hiding places of those not yet taken. All bravely refused to give a word of infor- mation. Then those uneivilized barbarians called out the youngest of the prisoners, a gallant lad of 18 years from Hardin county by the name of Jacob Parrott, a name that in all the hereafter shall be dear to every Ohio heart, bid him strip his clothing from his back, and while a ruffian stood on either side with a cocked pistol to his head, a third with brutal vigor applied the cowhide, telling him that the whip- ping should continue until he diselosed the desired information. Not a sound passed the young hero's lips, not an entreaty for mercy, not a groan even, while every blow gashed the quivering flesh. When an hundred lashes had been thus inflicted, a Rebel officer standing by interfered, saying: "It was evi- dent the boy wouldn't tell, and he'd bed-d if he'd stand by and see him killed."

After all had been caught, they were hand-euffed in threes, and an iron chain made fast to the back of each, and then made fast to the neck of each, and then all thrust into a pit in the ground, dug beneath an old Stone Prison at Chattanooga-full of filth and vermin from former use ; and here without light, and

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barely air enough to support life, thus chained and entirely naked, in this sweltering heat, and filth and vermin too horrible for description, and crowded and packed as the Slaver packs his middle deck, for three long weeks were confined these twenty-two Ohio men ! When they were brought out they could hardly crawl.

But I will not harrow up the feelings of the reader by further recital of the It months' experience of these men with the devils and damned spirits of the South. During these II months they were confined in eight different dungeons and prisons. Eight of their number, after months of outrage, without an hour's warning, were hung, and under too brutal cir- cumstances for recital. Their death-warrant was signed by General Leadbetter, a Copperhead Volun- teer in the Rebel Army from Maine, and endorsed by Kirby Smith. Seven of their number, on one occa- sion broke jait-two reached our lines at Corinth, and tive the rebels claim to have shot. The remaining six reached Washington on Saturday last. Their names are E. 11. Mason, Jacob Parrott, Win. Pettinger, Robert Buffum, Wm. Reddick and Win. Benninger. They are receiving from Ohio men and the officials of the Government the attention they deserve. Yesterday morning, in company with Mr. Wetmore, the very efficient Ohio Agent for this point, at his special solicitation they called upon the Secretary of War. Numbers of Military and Civil dignitaries were anxiously awaiting outside to see Mr. Stanton, but were required to wait until the patriotism of these heroic soldiers had been commended, and their merit rewarded. Mr. Stanton familiarly shook each one of them by the hand and introduced them to Secretary Chase and Andrew Johnson. He then, in a conver- sational and unreserved style, addressed Mr. Par- rott, the gallant Soldier who had been ignominiously cowhided by the rebels, informing him that he had heard of his persistent devotion to his flag under the most trying circumstances and appreciated his merit. Secretary Stanton (opening a morocco case) further informed Mr. Parrott that "Congress had authorized him to present medals to such Soldiers, as shall by their brave deeds prove that they deserve them. None of these medals have yet been awarded to any Soldiers, and I now present yon with the first one that has been issued by authority of the late act." The Secretary then presented each one of Mr. Parrott's companions with a like medal.

When the surprised recipients of these honorable badges had warmly thanked the donor, they were completely taken aback by Secretary Stanton present- ing each one of them with $100, with the remark that that was an additional testimonial of his respect for them, and a very slight remuneration for their suffer- ings.

Secretary Stanton requested Mr. Wetmore to ask Governor Tod, in his name, to appoint each one of these gentlemen patriots to a First Lieutenancy in such Regiments as there may now exist vacancies. If there are no such vacancies he assured them that he would brevet each of them First Lieutenants in the Regular Army. The Soldiers remained for some time in conversation with the Secretary and the other gentlemen present.

President Lincoln having requested the Soldiers to pay him a visit, on taking leave of the War Office, they went directly to the White House, with General Hitchcock and Mr. Wetmore, where they were re- ceived with exceeding warmth of feeling by the President. Mr. Lincoln manifested the utmost sym- pathy for their sufferings, and commended them for the uncomplaining courage with which they had submit- ted to them. Ile thanked them on behalf of the people. They departed after a very interesting interview of half an hour's duration.

These men have been granted a month's furlough

and to-day or to-morrow start for their Ohio homes, where they will receive a welcome worthy of their heroism. 1 was about to add that 1 was proud that my home too was in a State that breeds such heroes -but we will claim not all of this honor for Ohio - for it is abundant for our entire common Country - every State and league of it.

In 1880 John A. Wilson (better known as " Alf." Wilson), of Haskins, Wood County, had published a very interesting statement of the Mitchel Raid, in which he was a participant. He gave the names of bis associates as follows :

J. J. Andrews and Wm. Campbell, citizens of Ken- tucky.

Marion A. Ross and Perry G. Shadrack, Company A, Second Regiment O. V. I.

George Wilson, Company B, same Regiment. Wilson W. Brown, Company F, same Regiment.

W'm. Pettenger, Company G, same Regiment.

J. R. Porter, Mark Wood, and J. A. Wilson, Com- pany C, Twenty-First Regiment, O. V. 1.

Wm. J. Knight, Company E, same Regiment.

W'm. Bessinger, Company G, same Regiment.

Robert Buffum, Company II, same Regiment.

John Scott and E. H. Mason, Company K, same Regiment.

M. J. Hawkins, Company A, Thirty-Third Regi- ment O. V. 1.

Wm. Reddick, Company B, same Regiment. Wm. Wohlam, Company C, same Regiment. Samuel Robinson, Company G, same Regiment. D. A. Dorsey, Company H, same Regiment. Jacob Parrott, Company K, same Regiment. Samuel Slavens, same Regiment.

Two others started on the expedition, but fell so far behind their associates, that they re- turned to the Union lines.

Mr. Wilson's story is replete with facts and incidents not given in the brief sketch of Mr. French, the two agreeing substantially in the main points. Mr. Wilson says that of the original party of 22 who landed at Marietta, eight had been hung, leaving 14, who were in Atlanta prison together. Of these eight made good their escape, and reached the Union lines, to wit :

J. A. Wilson, of Haskins, Wood County, Ohio. M. J. Hawkins, residence unknown.

W. W. Brown, Wood County, Ohio.

Wm. J. Knight, North Pacific Junction, Minnesota. Wm. Wollam, residence unknown.

John R. Porter, Carlisle, Arkansas. Mark Wood, deceased.

Mr. Wilson and Mark Wood were not with their six associate raiders when they were at Washington ; but they also made the visit, and like the others were received with testimonials of admiration and respect for their heroic con- duct. The President said to him : " Mr. Wil- son, it affords me great pleasure to take you by the hand ; and I thank God that your life has been spared." After introducing him to a

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company of distinguished callers, the Presi- dent sat down by Mr. Wilson, manifesting as much interest in him as if he had been an old and valued acquaintance. On leaving, the President took him by the hand, saying : " Each member of your expedition shall have a commission; and if the Governor of Ohio does not give you a commission, Mr. Wilson, I will give you a Lieutenant's commission in the Regular Army."

Both the experience and the spirit of Union Soldiers in the hands of the Rebels, are well shown in the following private letter from Lieutenant (now Captain) F. T. Bennett, 18th Regiment United States Army, son of the late Henry Bennett, Esq., of Toledo :

LIBBY PRISON, RICHMOND, VA., October 22, 1863. DEAR MOTHER :- 1 have been here since the Ist and I am getting nsed to Prison life. I am per- fectly well and have not seen a sick minute since I came here. There are a great many officers here. We have five large sleeping rooms and a dining hall, which is a large room, lighted with gas. We have dances, cards, theatres, and all kinds of amusements here. There is either preach- ing or prayer meeting in one of the rooms every evening. Yesterday we had a sermon by the Catholic Bishop of Richmond, a very smart man. We get Richmond papers every morning. Captain Hunt got a box from his wife yesterday, filled with all sorts of good things. I wrote to you for a box and hope you will send it right along. Almost every officer that has been here any time has got a box from home lately; should like drawers, shirts, stock- ings, blankets, coffee, sugar, ham, &c. Capt. Hunt and Lieut. Forsyth are well. Capt. Hunt got two Toledo papers, one with a notice of my capture. I am glad that you heard it so soon. .

Write often and send lots of papers. Remember me to all.

Your affectionate son, FRANK T. BENNETT.

In January, 1865, the Congressional Com- mittee on the Conduct of the War made the treatment of Union prisoners in Rebel hands the subject of special investigation. To that end, they took the testimony of many Union Soldiers and others, who had personal knowl- edge in the premises. Among those thus ex- amined was Albert. D. Richardson, then a corres- pondent of the New York Tribune in the South. His testimony was specially distinct and clear, presenting the real character of the prison- pens of the Rebels, in better form than was that of any other witness. He said :

I was captured by the Rebels, May 3, 1863, at mid- night, on a hay hale in the Mississippi River, oppo- site Vicksburg. After confinement in six different prisons 1 was sent to Salisbury, N. C .. Feb. 3, 1864, and kept there until December 18, 1864, when I es- caped. For months Salisbury was the most en- unrable prison I had seen; there were 600 inmates. They were exercised in the open air, comparatively

well fed and kindly treated. Early in October 10,000 regular prisoners of war arrived. It immediately changed into a scene of cruelty and horror. It was densely crowded. Rations were cut down and issued very irregularly. Friends outside could not even send in a plate of food. The prisoners suffered con- stantly and often intensely for want of bread and shelter. Those who had to live or die on prison rations, always suffered from hunger. Very fre- quently one or more divisions of a thousand men would receive no rations for 24 hours, sometimes were without a morsel of food for 40 hours. A few who had currency would pay from five to twenty dol- lars in Rebel currency for a little loaf of bread. Many, though the weather was very inclement, and the snow frequent, sold the coats from their backs and the shoes from their feet. I was assured on authority entirely trustworthy, that a great Con- missary warehouse near the prison was filled with provisions. That the Commissary found it difficult to find storage for his Hour and meal. That when a subordinate asked the first Commandant Major John H. Gee, "Shall I give the prisoners full rations ?" he replied : "No, G-d d-n them, quarter rations." I know from personal observation that corn and pork are very abundant in the region about Salisbury. For weeks the prisoners had no shelter whatever. They were all thinly clad ; thousands were barefooted ; not one in twenty had an overcoat or blanket; many hundreds were without shirts, and hundreds were withont blouses. One Sibley tent and one "A" tent were furnished to each squad of one hundred ; with the closest crowding these sheltered about half the prisoners, the rest burrowed in the ground, crept under the buildings, or shivered through the night in the open air upon the frozen ground. If the Rebels at the time of our capture had not stolen our shelter tents, blankets, clothing and money, we would have suffered little from cold. If the prison anthori- ties had permitted them either on parole or under guard to ent logs within two miles of the prison, the prisoners would gladly have built comfortable and ample barracks in one week ; but the commandant would not consent ; he did not even furnish one-half of the fuel needed. The hospitals were in a horrible condition ; more than half who entered the hospitals died in a very few days; the deceased, always with- out coffins, were loaded into the dead-cart, piled on each other like logs of wood, and so driven out to be thrown into a trench and covered with earth. The Rebel Surgeons were generally humane and atten- tive, and endeavored to improve the shocking condi- tion of the hospitals, but the Salisbury and Rieh- mond authorities disregarded their protests. On November 25. many of the prisoners had been with- out food for 48 hours, and were desperate ; without any mature plan a few of them said : "We may as well die in one way as another ; let us break out - of this horrible place." Some of them wrested the guns from a relief of 15 Rebel Soldiers just entering the yard, killing two who resisted, and wounding five or six others, and attempted to open the fence, but they had neither adequate tools or concert of action. Be- fore they could effect a breach every gun of the gar- rison was turned on them. the field pieces opened with grape and eannister, and they dispersed to their quarters. In five minutes from its beginning the attempt was quelled, and hardly a prisoner was to be seen in the yard. The rebels killed in all sixteen and wounded sixty. Not one-tenth of the prisoners had taken part in the attempt, and many of them were ignorant of it until they heard the guns. De- liberate cold-blooded murders of peaceful men, where there was no pretense that they were breaking any prison regulation, were very frequent. Our lives were never safe for one moment ; any sentinel at any hour of the day or night could deliberately shoot

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down any prisoner, or fire into any group of prison- ers, black or white, and would never be taken off his post for it. I left about 6,500 remaining in garrison on December 18th, and they were then dying at the rate of 28 per day, or 13 per cent. per month. The simple truth is, that the Rebel anthorities are murder- ing our Soldiers at Salisbury, by cold and hunger, while they might easily supply them with ample food and fuel. They are doing this systematically, and I believe are killing them intentionally, for the purpose either of forcing our Government to an ex- change or forcing our men into the Rebel army.

The following Soldiers died while impris- oned at Jacksonville, Florida, at the dates named :

111th Ohio-L. S. Russell, Co. B, July 19, 1864; Wm. Wickham, Co. B, Jan. 29, 1864; D. B. Clark, Co. D, June 6, 1864; D. Stephenson, Co. B, July 9, 1864; M. G. Crane, Co. B, May 7, 1864; S. Jones, Co. B, July 24. 1864; Wm. Facer, Co. K, April 18, 1864; M. G. Burns, Co. B, July 14, 1863; - Anderson, Co. B, June 7, 1864.

100th Ohio-R. N. Foster, Co. A, March 30. 1864; Abe Gardner, Co. A, March 30, 1864; Michael Sull, Co. K, March 18, 1864; II. Pierce, Co. A, July 19, 1864; Geo. Amos, Co. C, May 15, 1865; C. Smith, Co. A, May 18, 1864; Samuel Greek, Co. C, April 22, 1864; J. A. Weating, Co. K, May 29, 1864; Il. Stevens, Co. B, June 1, 1864; Jas. Logan, Co. K, May 29, 1864.

67th Ohio- John Reamer, Co. E, April 28, 1864. 14th Ohio-J. G. Conrad, Co. G, July II, 1864.

Soldiers who died at Danville, Va .:

21st Ohio-J. R. Wilfong, Co. G, August 6, 1864; E. Pursell, Co. K, April 26, 1864; G. Main, Co. F, April 3, 1864; J. Travis, Co. F, April 1, 1864; C. B. Scott, Co. K, March 23, 1864; J. Morehead, Co. C, Dec. 20, 1863; F. Henry, Co. G, Dec. 15, 1863; W. Cummings, Co. G, March 7, 1864; J. MeFerrin, Co. K; R. Ireland, Co. C, Jan. 21, 1864; F. M. Krill, Co. II, Jan. 16, 1864; H. Copus, Co. G.

49th Ohio-G. R. Debolt, Co. K, April 14, 1864. asth Ohio-A. Ansterman, Co. C, March 9, 1864. 14th Ohio-R. Townsend; A. Nicholson, Co. F.

From September 12, to November 14, 1864, the following deaths occurred in the Savannah Prison Hospital :

S. Fraxler, 100th O. V. 1 .; Jas. Ace, Co. G, 10th O. V. C .; C. Gordon, S. Overeyeas, and J. C. Berry, 72d O. V. I .; J. MeCabe, Co. A, 25th O. V. I.

Deaths at Charleston, in December, 1864 :

Lieut. S. P. Harnley, 100th O. V. 1 .; Lieut. B. Gilmer, 720 O. V. I .; Capt. B. F. Ewers and John Miller, 100th O. V. 1.

In April, 1865, was published a list of Ohio Soldiers who had died at Andersonville, which includes the following names :

14th Ohio-Wm. Samse, Co. H; O. Halbert, Co. A; Corporal Wm. Gaunt, Co. I; M. Lutz, Co. C; F. Spegle, Co. D; Sergeant G. E. Church, Co. C; C. Bruhning, Co. G; J. Warner, Co. C; S. McComb, Co. K; Eli Burchfield, Co. G; H. Vanfleet, Co. I; J. Cepp, Co. I; Il. Waldron, Co. A.

100th Ohio-Corporal H. Price, Co. A; Sergeant P. II. Holly, B; R. M. Foster, A; M. Still, H; M. R. Met- calf, E; II. Stephens, E; John Lovely, K; C. Fowler,

1; Geo. Beaver, C; Geo. Amea, K; C. Smith, A; Jos. Wentling, K; II. Benor. E; E. W. Ostrander, Il; J. M. Zuber, B.

111th Ohio-Wm. Wickham, Co. B; Win. Facar, K; N. Crosser, C; D. Meek, K; JJ. W. Swineheart, B; D. V. Clark, B; A. K. Raney, B; Corp. S. Hudison. B; D. Stevenson, B; L. T. Russell, B; S. Jones, B; J. Steven- son, B; K. Cline, B; J. Decker, B; Corp. W. Demming, B; G. L. Brown, A; R. Meek, K.

21st Ohio-Sergt. Geo. McMurry, Co. G; J. Harrison, 1; Sergt. S. Hull, E; G. Pratt, G; A. H. Phoenix, HI; Sergt. G. Smith; J. Lindsay, D; A. Arnubrish, D; Corp. P. L. Gingere, E; Corp. S. Marshall, G; H. Riggs, 11; C. Meyer, 1; J. Night. E; E. Kelley, D; Geo. H. Reid, H; G. Jolly, K; Win. Hibbett, D; A. T. Manahan, D; H. G. Watson, A; M. Fanaman, E; G. Caswell, C; W. Patten, D; P. S. Davidson, K; F. Pinert, C; E. Whiting, K; Sergt. E. W. Brown, E; Ira Ward, Il; A. Cary, A; H. M. Clark. A; Wm. Forrest, K: G. H. Morrison, II; J. Powers. K.

72d Ohio-A. Almond, Co. A; M. J. Stanner, F: M. Perrin, A; G. H. Lowe, C; H. Potter, E; P. Sopser, G; John Pursell, D; O. Hudwell, C; L. Wentworth, A; 11. Sturdevant, A; Corpl. N. S. Ilains, C; J. Ross, II; S. Blackman, G; C. Frankinburg, G; M. Weaver, H; Wm. Hinton, A; Il. Shook, F; N. J. Zink, E; M. Lockner. E; Corpl. F. Stodler, E; P. Donahne, K; S. Jackson, E.

27th Ohio-P. M. McClaine, Co. A; A. Gilland, F. 67th Ohio-Corporal J. Kenny, Co. E.

68th Ohio-A. Colemam, Co. K; R. Maymene. D. Sd Ohio Caratry-Ed. Niver, Co. I; J. W. Rex, K; 11. Ferguson, D; J. B. Jones, M.

In the same month Col. H. O. Bayerson, of the 18th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, fur- nished a list of Union Soldiers dying in Con- federate prisons, which contained the following names :

L. Doran, Co. B, 100th O. V. 1 .; Oct. 12. 1864. J. C'arey, K, 47th O. V. 1 .; Oct. 13, 1864. Corporal G. Freeman, 30 0. V. C .; Oct. 16, 1864.

E. Ilener, A, 123d O. V. 1 .; Oct. 23, 1864.

J. Hutchison, 1, 72d O. V. 1 .; Oct. 31, 1864. J. Watson, A, 3d O. V. C .; Nov. 1, 1864. C. P. Holloway, F, 14th O. V. 1 .; Nov. 3, 1864. J. Johnson, F, 72d O. V. I .; Nov. 9, 1864. Win. Ilarker, 1, 38th O. V. L; Nov. 13, 1864. P. Walters, 720 O. V. I .; Nov. 15, 1864. G. Gardner, G, 14th O. V. 1 .; Nov. 19, 1864. C. Sweeney, F, 100th O. V. I .; Nov. 24, 1864. Corpl. H. Bayden, E, 3d O. V. C .; Dec. 11, 1864. J. Bishop, 2Ist O. V. I .; Dec. 14, 1864. L. Hawk, 11, 72d O. V. I .; Jan. 16, 1865. J. Walter, D, 720 O. V. I .; Jan. 23, 1865. Sergt. I. Reed, F, 123d O. V. 1 .; Feb. 10, 1865. J. W. Bishop, K, 49th O. V. I .; Feb. 10, 1865. I'. Atwater, K, 123d O. V. I .; Feb. 16, 1865. C. Sheller, D, 72d O. V. I .; Feb. 18, 1865. C. Piper, D, 72d O. V. 1 .; Feb. 19, 1865. S. Patterson, F, 720 0. V. I .; Oct. 8, 1864. S. Delorine, D, 3d O. V. C .; Oct. 8, 1864.

J. Hammershaugh, D, Sth O. V. 1 .: Oct. 9, 1864.

S. Taylor, 1, 3d O. V. C .; Feb. 1, 1865.

F. Smith, 1, 3d O. V. C .; Feb. 2, 1865.

J. Porter, 14th O. V. 1 .; Feb. 3. 1865.

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History of the city of Toledo and Lucas County, Ohio, Part 49

Author: Waggoner, Clark, 1820-1903 Publication date: 1888 Publisher: New York and Toledo : Munsell & Company Number of Pages: 1408

Author: Waggoner, Clark, 1820-1903
Publication date: 1888
Publisher: New York and Toledo : Munsell & Company
Number of Pages: 1408