Twentieth Century History of Findlay and Hancock County, Ohio, and Representative Citizens, Part 103

Author: Jacob Anthony Kimmell
Publication date: 1910
Publisher:
Number of Pages: 1189

USA > Ohio > Hancock County > Findlay > Twentieth Century History of Findlay and Hancock County, Ohio, and Representative Citizens > Part 103

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Yankauer, S .: The Incision for the Submucous Resection. Ann. Otol., Rhinol. and Laryngol., XVIII, 833.

THE JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL REPORTS.

Vol. XV (1910), 542 pages and 87 illustrations. It contains:

Bacteriological and Clinical Study of Diarrhea in Children by Drs. J. H. M. Knox, Jr., and Edward H. Schorer.

Studies in Pneumonia by Drs. J. A. Chatard, M. Fabyan, C. P. Emerson, H. T. Marshall, Thos. V. McCrae, W. R. Steiner, C. P. Howard and F. M. Hanes.

Skin Transplantation by Dr. J. S. Davis.

Epidemic Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis and Serum Therapy by Dr. F. J. Sladen.

Price, in Cloth, $5.50. Paper, $5.00

Orders and remittances should be addressed to

THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS, BALTIMORE, MD.

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THE GROWTH OF EMBRYONIC CHICK TISSUES IN ARTIFICIAL MEDIA, AGAR AND BOUILLON.

By MARGARET REED LEWIS

AND WARREN H. LEWIS, M. D.

(From the Anatomical Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University.)

In 1908, working under Dr. Max Hartman at the Kgl. Institut für Infectionskrankheiten in Berlin, one of us found that bone-marrow from the guinea-pig formed a membrane-like growth with mitotic figures on the surface of nutrient agar. This agar was a modification of one used at the Institute for the cultivation of amoeba. In the place of distilled water a modification of Locke's modification of Ringer's solution was substituted.

Last fall we began the cultivation of embryonic pig bone- marrow in the blood plasma of older pig embryos. We utilized very much the same methods as were described by Burrows and Carrel, but without very conclusive results. We at- tempted to start our cultures from a very few cells instead of small pieces of tissue.

With the appearance of the important publications by Bur- rows and Carrel on the cultivation of the tissues of warm- blooded animals in clotted plasma adopted by Burrows from Harrison's brilliant discoveries on the growth of amphibian tissues, especially nerve axons in clotted lymph, we began similar studies on embryo chicks of various ages and were able to obtain by the method of Burrows and Carrel very wonder- ful growths from the various organs of the embryo.

The blood of adult chickens was used. It was taken from the external jugular vein, which lies just beneath the skin of the neck by means of a glass canula coated with paraffin, instead of oil, and was allowed to flow into paraffin-lined tubes, cooled in a freezing mixture, centrifugalized, the plasma drawn off and kept in paraffin-lined tubes in the ice box. We have obtained excellent growths with plasma two weeks old. Instead of sealing the hanging drops with paraffin, we find vaseline, which has been in the autoclave more satisfactory.

Not only were growths obtained in hanging drops, but much more extensive ones were obtained in Petri dishes, the diam- eter of these growths sometimes exceeding 1 centimeter. The Petri dishes must be kept in a moist chamber to prevent dry- ing. The Petri dish method affords certain advantages for experimentation on the growth, which can be subjected to the influence of various fluids for varying lengths of time. We . have obtained beautiful results with some of the vital stains, especially neutral red.

We have not found it necessary to dissect the chicks in a warm chamber, provided one works with sufficient rapidity in transplanting. Our observations have been made with the use of the warm stage, which seems quite satisfactory. Good growth takes place at temperatures varying from 34°-42º C. There is great similarity in the growths from pieces of liver, intestine, heart, brain, kidney, adrenal, muscle, stomach,

thyroid, retina, cornea, etc., of chick embryos from 10 to :1 days old. Radiating strands, migrating cells, membrane for- mations and vesicles or loop-like places seem to be common te all. The spleen, however, usually sends off migrating cel: alone for some time after the culture is made, and only lat: do the radiating cells appear, if they appear at all.

The general similarity in the growths from the rariot: organs seems to lead to the conclusion that the growing tis- sues are only such as are common to the various organi. namely, connective tissues of various kinds and endotheliun. of the blood vessels. We have been able to trace, in MIE- fixed and stained specimens, the endothelium from the blox: vessels of the original piece out into the new growth where the cells of the endothelial radiations closely resemble to: cells of the other radiations found there.

Recently we have succeeded in cultivating small pieces of embryonic chicks in a nutrient agar both in hanging drops and Petri dishes. The growths have, as a rule, not been si extensive as those in the plasma, but otherwise resemble them. Some specimens show radiations, others membranes and re- ticular formations with migration of cells. Mitotic figure: are found in the stained preparations. The cells often show long irregular processes and move outward from the old piece. The following medium has so far given the best result with chick tissue :

Ringer

NaCl

.9 gm.

KCI

.042 "

CaCl,

.025

... . .. . . . 10 cc.

NaHCO3 .02

H2O

100 cc.

Agar

.25

gm.

Bouillon

2 cc.

NaCl

.0675 gm.

Into a hanging drop of this medium we transplanted two small pieces from the liver of a nine-day chick embryo. Within 24 hours cells began to radiate and migrate from the smaller piece into the surrounding medium. In 48 hours the growth had exceeded that of the control in plasma and was as extensive as any growth observed in plasma from such a small piece, less than { mm. in diameter. The entire growth at the end of 48 hours was four times the diameter of the original piece and could readily be seen with the unaided ere.

The specimen was fixed when 48 hours old in osmic acid vapor and stained with Ehrlich's hematoxylin and eosin. Al! stages of mitosis are present in the new growth; as many as 10 mitotic figures were counted in one field under the high power.

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embryo, continued in regular peristalsis or over 48 hours in the nutrient agar.

We have obtained growth in the nutrient agar containing rom .9% to 1.58% of NaCl, 10% and 20% bouillon with .25% nd .5% agar.

More recently still we have obtained active growth and mi- ration of cells in a fluid medium as follows :

Ringer

NaCl

gm.

KCI

.042

CaCl2 .025

..... 5 cc.

NaHCO3 .02

H,O

100 cc.

Bouillon

5 cc.

NaCI

.045 gm.

The migrating cells in this fluid medium are often irregular ith long slender processes almost exactly like those we have en in plasma media. The cells are active, sending out and tracting their pseudopodia, and sometimes moving slowly pparently on the under side of the coverslip. Some of the ansplanted pieces also show radiations.

Navaby suposto but growth of ative lives of avecturus if a nutrient gelatin, but no notice of an active proliferation or migration of cells was contained in her description.

REFERENCES.

Burrows, M. T .: The cultivation of tissues of the chick embryo outside the body. Jour. Am. Med. Ass., Dec. 10, 1910, pp. 2057-2058.

- - The growth of tissues of the chick embryo outside the animal body with special reference to the nervous system. Jour. Exp. Zool., Jan. 1911, vol. 10.

Burrows, M. T. and Carrel, A .: The cultivation of adult tissues and organs outside the body. Jour. Am. Med. Ass., Oct. 15, 1910, pp. 1379-1381.

Carrel, A. and Burrows, M. T .: Cultivation of tissues in vitro and its technique. Jour. Exp. Med., vol. 13, 1911.

Harrison, R. G .: Observations on living, developing nerve fibres. Proc. of the Soc. for Exp. Biol. and Med., vol. 4, pp. 140-143, 1907.

The outgrowth of the nerve fibre as a mode of protoplasmic movement. Jour. Exp. Zool., vol. 9, 1910.

Shorey, Marian L .: A study of the differentiation of neuroblasts in artificial culture media. Jour. Exp. Zool., 1911, vol. 10.

PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES.

THE JOHNS HOPKINS MEDICAL SOCIETY. Meeting of October 17, 1910.

Dr. Louis Hamman presiding.

mployment of Radium as an Aid to Surgery in the Treatment of Cancer, Angioma and Keloid .* DR. LOUIS WICKHAM, Paris, France.

The destruction by burning, which is chiefly sought for ' many radium-therapeutists, is not of great interest, since milar results can be obtained by many other agents.

The most interesting and important aspect of radium as a erapeutic agent is the selective action of the rays. Here dium plays the role of a subtle modifying agent, which es to seek out those elements which are the most sentitive its action. All morbid conditions are not suitable ground : this selective power; the most favorable are cancer, an- ›ma, keloids, eczema, and other diseases.

The exact meaning of "selective action " is that a certain antity of measured radio-activity can modify the cancerous Is and arrest their malignant evolution, without producing / modifying action on the normal cells surrounding the cer, thus enabling a cancer to regress and disappear with- producing on the surface any signs of irritation or in- umation.

This selective action can work either on the superficial or deep seated pathological tissues, the rays possessing the er of traversing them. The determining cause between caustic action which burns, destroys, and the selective on is the quantity of rays absorbed in a given time by the

Abstract of a paper read before the Johns Hopkins Hospital ical Society, October 17, 1910.

tissue. If large quantities of slightly penetrative rays be employed, the result is a superficial necrotic action; but if the quantity be measured, a selective action without any irrita- tion can be secured.

If a large quantity of superpenetrative rays be used a deeper necrotic action follows, but let the quantity be meas- ured, a selective action in the deep seated tissues without any irritation is the result.

Dr. Wickham here showed a series of lantern slides repre- senting histological sections of fragments taken from a volumi- nous cancer of the breast (lobulated epithelioma) where the selective action of the rays was demonstrated. In this case this selective action was visible on fragments taken even from a depth of nine centimeters, a depth which, up to now, had not been deemed affectable by the radium rays.

The depth at which radium works depends on the quantity of radioactivity employed which in this case was 19 egr. of pure radium applied for 48 hours at one point.

Dr. Wickham laid stress on the importance of acting simul- taneously on, or in, several points of the tumor by his " cross- fire " method in order to concentrate the greatest possible quantity of rays on the points in the deep-seated tissues so that the rays may act with greater homogeneity.

He showed, by means of lantern slides, cases, treated in collaboration with Dr. Degrais, of grave cancer, angioma, and keloids, in which the regressions were very remarkable.

The methods for the treatment of cancer by radium, that he has established with Dr. Degrais, joined to other methods of using radium as a therapeutic agent have led Dr. Wickham to the following conclusions :

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1st. The excellence of the results cannot exist without long experience and a profound knowledge of the methods to be used, and principally without a large quantity of radium.

2d. In the majority of cases surgery should be associated with the use of radium.

The radium-therapeutist, in the presence of a case of grave cancer, must first consult a surgeon in order that the patient may not be deprived of the prompt help of surgery.

If surgery is confronted with a case difficult or impossible to operate upon, radium can be applied before hand, in order to prepare the ground, or afterwards in combination with operative measures. Surgery ought to be utilized for making ¿the perforations, incisions or partial extirpations which ¿diminish the thickness of the tissues and render more effect- give the action of the radium introduced into the wounds.

Surgery should be also employed for opening a way for radium through artificial orifices or for conducting the tubes of radium to the tumors through the natural orifices. It is under such conditions that Dr. Wickham has treated cancers of the œesophagus, of the neck, of the bladder, of the in- testines, of the rectum, of the larynx, of the uterus, sub- cutaneous and deep-seated cancers, cancers of the breast, etc. Dr. Wickham related the history of several cases of cancer which, normally would have succumbed in 2 or 3 months, but which are still, after one year, having their condition amelior- ated. Surgery should develop its ingenuity for finding opera- tive means of helping to apply the radium so that it will penetrate to the seat of the tumors, above all when these are of difficult access.

3d. The tumors should be inundated by the rays, and to

this end the apparatus chosen should be the most powerit possible, and so numerous that the different radium container: may be employed in opposition, either on the exterior of t: tumor, or in the interior after perforation. If there is es skin, mucous membrane, blood vessel, or nerve to protect, the- must be placed between the apparatus and the tissues, metal. screens (aluminum, lead) whose thickness varies in proportion to the amount of radioactivity needed, and the duration of t: application. This is the method of filtration that Dr. Wii- ham inaugurated in 1905, which is very useful when strer .: action in the depth of the tumor is needed, to prevent s- juring the surface. The apparatus can be employed wi very thin filters when it is important to utilize the maximez quantity of rays.

4th. Like surgery, radium has neither an action on the ger- eral physical condition, nor can it prevent recurrences ar: metastases. This should be insisted upon in order that this term cure, which on principle should be avoided, may be attributed only to the regression of the tumor itself, and : that there may be no risk of deceiving either the patient or tor family physician.

5th. Even thus limited radium is a valuable weapon. I: our struggle against cancer we are so badly armed that any new therapeutic agent if it be in some way really effective. as it is in this case, should be taken into serious consideration. By the help that radium brings to those suffering from car- cer, it occupies a high place in our esteem and is the principe. reason of the gratitude we owe to the discovery and scientif works of savants like Curie, Ramsay and Rutherford.

NOTES ON NEW BOOKS.

Practical Bacteriology. Blood Work and Medical Parasitology, In- cluding Bacteriological Keys, Zoological Tables, and Explana- tory Clinical Notes. By E. R. STITT, M. D., Surgeon U. S. Navy, etc. Second edition. Revised and enlarged. Illus- trated. Price $1.50. (Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1909.)

To the first edition, reviewed in the BULLETIN, December, 1909, the author has added a chapter on Poisonous Snakes, and here and throughout the volume has incorporated new material, so that his work is as much " up to date " as possible. Dr. Stitt has crowded too much into this book-and this is its drawback-but it has merits which make it a useful aid to the student, who is willing to use it as a guide only, along with other standard text- books.

The Harvey Lectures. Delivered under the Auspices of The Har- vey Society of New York, 1909-10. (Philadelphia and Lon- don: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1910.)

The lectures by Prof. Richard M. Pearce on " The Problems of Experimental Nephritis," and by Prof. Eugene L. Opie on " In- flammation " have already appeared in the Archives of Internal Medicine, and that by Prof. Magnus-Levy on "Uric Acid in Gout," in the American Journal of the Medical Sciences. The other papers by Professors Huber, Cohnheim, Brodie, Hektoen and Meyer are here published for the first time. Three of these lec- tures, those by Pearce, Brodie and Huber, deal with problems re-

lating to the kidney; in last year's series there were four on metabolism in connection with which Magnus-Levy's paper shook be read. He and Prof. Cohnheim, who discussed "The Influence of Sensory Impressions on Scientific Deductions" were the two notable foreigners who appeared before the society. Dr. Mere: dealt with the much involved problem of " The Present Status of Aphasia and Apraxia," and Dr. Hektoen also treated a very com- plex subject in his lecture entitled, "On the Formation and Fate of Antibodies.

The Harvey lecturers contribute annually much that is of per- manent value to medical science, and the addresses of the past year emphasize the importance of this society.

Treatise on Diseases of the Skin. For the Use of Advanced Sta- dents and Practitioners. By HENRY W. STELWAGON, M. D., etc. Sixth edition. Thoroughly revised. Illustrated price, $6.00. (Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company, 1910.)

Between June, 1902, and the present time this work has been reprinted ten times and revised six, which shows the exceptional. but well deserved, success it has had. The last edition is more abundantly and still better illustrated than its predecessors, and the author has added much new text on pellagra, sporotrichosis, oriental sore, gangosa, granuloma annulare and other rare affer tions, thus keeping his book well up with the latest developments in knowledge and treatment of these diseases. The third edition was reviewed in the BULLETIN in August, 1904. What most prac-

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my wuat van ve given theth, for

re are no diseases more trying than these to both doctor and ient, and none in which no help seems to be forthcoming at les, but with the author's guidance doctors can at least feel tain they are doing no harm, and as much good as anyone, if y make the right diagnosis. That is the difficulty in these dis- es, but here also the author is clear in his descriptions, and the ipler affections should be easily recognized after studying his criptions of them. The rarer ones, when met with, should be erred to a specialist. The book is in every respect thoroughly able.

erican Edition of Nothnagel's Practice. Diseases of the Intes- tines and Peritoneum. By DR. HERMANN NOTHNAGEL, of Vienna. Edited with additions by H. D. ROLLESTON, M. A., M. D., F. R. C. P., etc. Second edition. Thoroughly revised. Price, $5.00. (Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company, 1907.)

'he excellencies of this work were noted in the BULLETIN at the e of its first appearance (July-August, 1904), and this edition .n improvement on the first. It has been " thoroughly revised "

. those already acquainted with Dr. Rolleston's work will be i to have a chance to see how his views on many points, still titing solution, have been modified, and note the changes has found it necessary to make. Students should be familiar h Nothnagel's Practice, which is a standard work.

gnosis and Treatment of Women. By HARRY STURGEON CROSSEN, M. D., Professor of Clinical Gynecology, Washington University, St. Louis, etc. Second edition. Revised and en- larged. Illustrated. (St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Company, 1910.)

he first edition of this work was reviewed in the BULLETIN April, 1908. Since then the author has enlarged his book, improved his index, and now more than ever the general ctitioner will find the volume a most useful one.

Intific Memoirs. By Officers of the Medical and Sanitary De- partments of the Government of India. (New Series) No. 38. reliminary Report on the Killing of Rats and Rat Fleas by Hydrocyanic Acid Gas. By CAPTAIN W. D. H. STEVENSON, M. B., I. M. S. (Bombay Bacteriological Laboratory.) Price 9d. (Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1910.)

le nature of this report is of such a special character that it not appeal to many readers, but our health officers and others Id read it, as all carefully studied means for exterminating ause of plague should receive serious attention by them.

e Annual Report from the Chemical Works of E. Merck of stadt (Ger.), which has just appeared, contains much in- ing information "of recent advances in pharmaceutical istry and therapeutics." Eighty-five pages are devoted to im Therapy and Bacteriotherapeutic Preparations," and 250 to new preparations and drugs. The therapeutist and haceutist, when desirous of information about the newest cal preparations, will find this report a useful and reliable

todern Treatment of Alcoholism and Drug Narcotism. By A. McBRIDE, M. D., L. R. C. P. & S. (Edin). Price $2. Tew York: Rebman Company, 1910.)

dcians in charge of sanatoria for the care and cure of in- $, and others addicted to various drugs, will be glad to have ilume on their shelves. The author has had a very large

tion. The book is brief, divided into six chapters as follows: 1, What is Inebriety; 2, Pathology; 3, The Causes of Inebriety; 4, The Forms of Inebriety; 5, Treatment; 6, Ether Inebriety, etc., and an Index. Perhaps the best chapter is the one on treat- ment and this is doubtless the one of most interest to the student of these troubles. The readers of this work should not be misled by the optimism of the author, which at times leads him, we feel, to exaggerations.

The Diseases of China, Including Formosa and Korea. By W. HAMILTON JEFFERYS, M. D., Medical Missionary in China, etc., and JAMES L. MAXWELL, M. D., Medical Missionary in Formosa, etc. Illustrated. Price $6. (Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1910.)

A couple of sentences from the authors' preface set forth clearly the nature and scope of this interesting work. "It is necessary to emphasize that this book is not in any sense in- tended to be a general text-book of medicine, nor even to cover the whole ground of the diseases met with in China .... Our aim is to present to medical men working in China, both Chinese and foreigners, a concise account of the special diseases they will meet with in their own practice in this Empire." This is a really valuable work, therefore, for all men intending to be missionaries, and there is also much information in it which is important to students elsewhere. The authors' statements in regard to syphilis and parasyphilitic affections should throw new light on the de- velopment of these obscure troubles. There is a picturesqueness about the work which is generally lacking in medical text-books and Drs. Jefferys and Maxwell are to be sincerely congratulated on the success of their task.

Progressive Medicine. Edited by HOBART AMORY HARE, M. D., and LEIGHTON F. APPLEMAN, M. D. Vol. IV. December, 1910. (Philadelphia and New York: Lea & Febiger.)

A word only is needed to call attention to this last volume of the series which has appeared in the "Diseases of the Digestive Tract and Allied Organs, The Liver, Pancreas and Peritoneum- the Diseases of the Kidneys-Surgery of the Extremities, Shock, Anesthesia, Infections, Fractures and Dislocations, and Tumors -Genito-urinary Diseases-Practical Therapeutic Referendum." The reviewers are Belfield, Bloodgood, Bradford, Landis and Lavenson, each of whom covers his territory so satisfactorily that no article of real importance on a given subject is overlooked, and there is careful weighing of the merits of each paper referred to.

Physicians Visiting List. (Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1910.)

Numberless physicians will find this pocket note-book, with its medical tables of incompatabilities, weights and measures, doses, etc., useful, and every physician should carry some such note- book. No one has a perfect memory and doctors should be espe- cially careful to preserve notes and memoranda dealing with their patients. The 60th issue of this Visiting List shows that the publishers have gained a well-earned success with it.

The Care and Training of Children. By LE GRAND KERR, M. D., etc. (New York and London: Funk & Wagnalls Co., 1910.)

The author has written other works on babies and children, all marked by careful thought, and good judgment. This small, neatly printed volume is a helpful guide for young parents, and many older ones could also read it with advantage. Dr. Kerr talks simply and pleasantly about The Child's Room, Clothing, Diet, Bathing, Education, Punishment, Government of the Child, Child's Friends and Amusements, and other matters of importance to

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the welfare of a child. The question of the correct up-bringing of children is a ever vital one, and this book is sure to lead some mothers and fathers to do better than they would have done without it.

Bismuth Paste in Chronic Suppurations-Its Diagnostic Impor- tance and Therapeutic Values. By EMIL G. BECK, M. D. With an introduction by CARL BECK, M. D. And a Chapter on the Application of Bismuth Paste in the Treatment of Chronic Suppuration of the Nasal Accessory Sinuses and the Ear. By JOSEPH C. BECK, M. D. Illustrated. Price $2.50. (St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Company, 1910.)

Through articles in the medical journals Beck's original use of bismuth paste in this form of suppuration has been known for several years, and his practice has been followed with more or less success by many surgeons. At last in book form he presents his experience with this method of cure, and the profession will be grateful to him for it, since this is the first authoritative and full report on this subject which is of real importance in surgery. One of the values of this book is that it is not too long, and the matter is so well presented that its readers can easily read it through. Its essential importance is in making clear to practi- tioners the real and great values of bismuth when properly used in these surgical conditions.

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Twentieth Century History of Findlay and Hancock County, Ohio, and Representative Citizens, Part 103

Author: Jacob Anthony Kimmell Publication date: 1910 Publisher: Number of Pages: 1189

Author: Jacob Anthony Kimmell
Publication date: 1910
Publisher:
Number of Pages: 1189