USA > Ohio > Hancock County > Findlay > Twentieth Century History of Findlay and Hancock County, Ohio, and Representative Citizens > Part 114
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May 23-24 .- Demonstration of persistence for two months of acquired tolerance at about 180 gms. (double the pre-operative normal).
July 28 .- Four and a half months after the hypophysectomy. Animal has remained in very good condition. Present weight 10.2 kilos-a gain of 2.7 kilos. There had been a particularly rapid gain during the period of sugar feeding, the weight on May 8 having been 11.5 kilos, a gain of 4 kilos or over 50 per cent of the original weight. Animal sacrificed.
Autopsy .- Gross examination showed the only remaining pan-' creatic tissue to be a small piece attached to the duodenum. There was a persistent and enlarged thymus. The adhesions be- tween the sellar dura and infundibulum made it impossible to estimate in the gross how much of the hypophysis remained. The interpeduncular region, with the remnants of hypophysis and the dura of the sella turcica, was blocked out from the base of the brain after its removal, to be serially sectioned.
Histological .- The tissues removed at operation consisted of the intact posterior lobe and a fairly large fragment of anterior lobe, certifying the surgical procedure. A study of the serial sections of the autopsy material showed a remaining viable fragment of the anterior and of the intermediate lobes.
Comment .- This is the first of the more important obser- vations up to which we are leading. The protocol shows what a high degree of tolerance may be established-practically twice the normal-even in an animal previously deprived of a large portion of the pancreas. It might be supposed that this preliminary operation would in itself have permanently low- ered the tolerance, but as a matter of fact it seemed to play no rôle in checking the rapid increase of the assimilation limit after the hypophysectomy. Inasmuch as the supposedly normal tolerance of the animal became restored after the pancreatec- tomy, it would appear that the remaining fragment of the pancreas had undergone a functional compensation, in so far
Digitized by
- 1 - --
-
1
:.
85
150
1035
0
0
0
0
17
150 160 170
450 200
190
160
1052
+
susp. +
+ v'y s).
170
130
0
2
120 + .05 gm. post. lobe hypo.
90 + .05 gm. post. lobe hypo. 80 + .05 gm. post. lobe hypo.
140
1060
0
0
0
+
160
125
1032
0
0
27 98 3 4 5
60 (?)
1036
600
1018
Urine.
scope.
Partial pancreatectomy, duodenal attachment remaining.
I. ).
31 1
150 + .05 gm. ant. lobe hypo. 140 + .06 gm. ant. Jobe hypo. 100 + .05 gm. ant. lobe hypo.
120 + .05 gm. ant. lobe hypo. 140 + .05 gm. ant. lobe hypo. 130 + .1 gm. ant. lobe hypo. 170 180
0
0
0
180
120 + .05 gm. ant. lobe hypo.
80 (?)
28
9 11 14 16
1
174
JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL BULLETIN.
[No. $=
as the carbohydrate tolerance may be an index, or else that other members of the ductless gland series had themselves taken part in this compensation.
Following the hypophysectomy the usual transient glyco- suria occurred and the animal in the course of the next four months became adipose, gaining about 50 per cent over its former weight. In these respects the effects of the operation were merely comparable to those observed in some of the series of 1908-1909 and recorded by Crowe, Cushing and Homans. However, the increase in weight in this instance was obviously accelerated during the period of sugar feeding. A similar increment in weight has often been observed during such periods of sugar feeding in both man and animals in these states of hypopituitarism.
It was demonstrated for this particular animal, after the final establishment of his high sugar tolerance, that the hypo- dermic administration of one-twentieth of a gm. of posterior lobe extract given coincidently with the saccharose by mouth, would lower the tolerance practically to its former normal level." On the other hand, it was shown that an equal dose, by weight, of anterior lobe extract similarly administered re- duced the tolerance in a slight degree, which, however, was in one way comparable to the reduction shown by the posterior lobe extract.
When it had reached its post-operative level, three weeks after the operation, the acquired high tolerance in this case re- mained stationary for three months, as shown by the tests on May 1 to 5, and those on May 23 and 24.
D. Effect on the sugar tolerance of removal of the posterior lobe alone.
The foregoing protocols indicate that after a nearly total extirpation of the gland, as well as after the removal of the posterior lobe with varying amounts of the anterior lobe, there occur a primary post-operative fall and a subsequent rise in the tolerance for sugar, whether administered by mouth or in- travenously. The results from a single experience suggest, furthermore, that deficiency of the anterior lobe alone plays at least a relatively unimportant rôle in the ultimate acquire- ment of an assimilation limit exceeding the normal. It re- mains to report the observations on animals deprived of only the posterior lobe (pars nervosa and its epithelial investment).
Determinations of the sugar tolerance were made upon three animals after operations of this type. In one of them (No. 58) studies were made on the tolerance not only for cane sugar by mouth but also for glucose administered intravenously. In all three of the animals the characteristic post-operative rise in the assimilation limit was demonstrable. This group of cases, therefore, clearly suggests that a determining factor at least in the establishment of the high post-operative tolerance is a deficiency of posterior lobe secretion.
It will be noted that no one of these animals showed the immediate post-operative glycosuria which apparently occurs
only when there is considerable traumatism of the stalk. IF. assume in explanation of this that a simple enucleation of the pars nervosa need not " discharge " the secretion accumulate. within this structure.
No. 58 .- (Series of 1909-10.) Determination of tolerance both for saccharose (ingested) and glucose (intravenously) after pit terior lobe enucleation. Effect of hypodermic administration :' posterior and anterior lobe extracts and of thyroid extract upa the increased post-operative assimilation limit for sugar by moatt
TABLE VIII .- TESTS OF TOLERANCE FOR CANE SUGAR FEEDING IN No. 58.
Urine.
Date.
Grams of cane sugar given.
Granular extract dosage.
Amt.
Sp. Gr.
Fehling.
Nylander.
Fermenta-
...
June 12 :
0
80
1030
0
13
70 80 75
140
1020
0
:
1
15
:
19-24.
..
25
80
70
320
1008
0
0
July
1
80
220
1012
0
0
90
240
1012
+
+
0
160
1040
0
0
+
7
90
120
1050
+
+
d'btful 1
14
90
18
90
20
90
21
60
.05 gm.
80
post. lobe
hypo.
100
1034
0
0
0
:
22
40
.05 gm.
post. lobe
hypo. .05 gm.
50
1049
suspic.
0
0
..
25
0
120
1042 1022
suspic.
0
0
:
29
90
..
80
100
vomited. .05 gm.
190
1030
0
0
.6
31
50
post. lobe hypo.
100
1032
suspic.
0
Aug. 3
60
.05 gm.
post. lobe
hypo.
40
1042
+
4
70
.05 gm.
post. lobe hypo.
120
1024
0
=
5
50
.05 gm.
ant. lobe hypo.
160
1020
0
6
80
.05 gm.
ant lobe
..
7
70
. 1 gm. thy-
200
1024
0
8
80
.1 gm. thy-
90
1036
+
9
100
roid hypo. 0 .05 gm. p. 1 , .05 gm. a. 1.
40
1049
+-
+
: :
12
50
Do.
100
1052
0
+
13
60
Do.
50
1050
+
Effect also of the intravenous injection of posterior and anteri lobe extract upon the increased intravenous tolerance for glutes (Tables VIII and IX.)
June 12-24 .- A healthy adult, 8 kilo, fox-terrier dog one yest . age. Observed for 13 days previous to operation, on the usaa. diet. Normal tolerance to cane sugar by mouth established (Jut- 12-15, Table VIII), at about 80 gms. and for glucose intravenous (June 19-23, Table IX) at 8.75 gms. 1.09
June 25. Operation .- A clean-cut enucleation of the posteric:
lobe, without injury to the anterior lobe or to the stalk. Nos
gical complications. Dog returned to cage in good condition. First specimen of urine voided after operation showed no te duction of Fehling's solution.
June 25-29 .- A moderate grade of polyuria without glycosuris (Table IX.)
Digitized by Google
1
tion.
=
170
1032
+ 0
0 0+00 0
+
Intravenous tolerance of glucose determined (cf. Table II !. Hypophysectomy; enucleation of posterior lobe.
+
3
180
+
+
+ sì.
0
100
1026 1028 1030
+ v'y st.
+
+
23
50
post. lobe
hypo. 0
2.0
0
0
19
+
+
0
hypo.
0
roid hypo.
+
++ +
10
70
240
1040
+
hypo.
0
+
0
130
80
1030
: :
" It is to be noted that animals are apt to lose weight during the administration of posterior lobe extract.
1
.
0
0
tavnished at about 90 gms.
July 21 .- With 60 gms. of cane sugar (30 gms. below the estab- lished tolerance) .05 gm. of posterior lobe extract administered hypodermically gave to the urine a trace of reducing substance. Though this body reduced Fehling's solution it was present in only a very small amount, for it did not cause fermentation with reast and did not polarize.
July 22-August 3 .- Negative tests with .05 gm. posterior lobe ex- ract and coincident feeding of sugar in amounts below 60 gms.
August 4 .- Posterior lobe extract (.05 gm. hypodermically) aused a glycosuria with 70 gms. (20 gms. below the tolerance) of ane sugar by mouth.
August 5 and 6 .- Anterior lobe extract (.05 gm. hypo.) did not educe 70 or 80 gms. of sugar.
August 7-8 .- Tests with thyroid extract hypodermically showed slight action in reducing the tolerance. The action of this ex- 'act was apparently less potent than was that of the anterior be and far less than that of the posterior lobe, twice as large a se being necessary to produce glycosuria with amounts almost ) to the level of tolerance.
August 10, 12, 13 .- A combination of anterior and posterior lobe tracts proved only slightly more potent in causing glycosuria an when posterior lobe extract alone was used. Thus .05 gm. posterior lobe caused a reduction with 60 gms. and was sus- cious with 50 (July 23). A combination of .05 gm. posterior )e and .05 gm. anterior lobe extract gave glycosuria with 60 is. of sugar, but none with 50. In other words, anterior lobe tract, alone or together with posterior lobe extract, had prac- ally no action in reducing the carbohydrate tolerance for cane gar taken by mouth.
Comment .- This experience demonstrates that posterior e removal alone may cause a post-operative rise in tolerance ingested saccharose -- a rise, to be sure, of little more than gms. in this case and hence not so significant as in the ceding case (No. 35), in which a large part of the pituitary ly had been removed. However, it is to be noted that the re enucleation of the pars nervosa and its immediate :helial investment necessarily leave much of the pars in- nedia unaffected and still capable of discharging " hyaline " way of the channels of exit for this secretion in the stalk. ice pars nervosa enucleation means in the average case of a deficit of posterior lobe (including, of course, pars rmedia) secretion than would be the case with more ex- ive manipulations, such as characterized the operation in 35.
he experience shows, furthermore, that the hypodermic inistration of posterior lobe extract is far more efficacious wering the post-operative assimilation limit than is an in- on of an equal amount of anterior lobe extract. Its ers in this direction are indeed practically equivalent to e the dosage if made up of equal parts of the extracts of wo glandular subdivisions.
58. (Continued) .- Determination of tolerance for glucose . venously (simultaneously with that for ingested cane sugar ible .VIII) before and after posterior lobe enucleation. Effect of the coincident intravenous injection of anterior and pos- · lobe extract upon the intravenous tolerance to glucose. operative tolerance to lævulose.
determine whether in the same animal and under the same tions the intravenous tolerance for glucose is comparable in
Wwwrios to the toferance for saccharose by mouth, the fol- lowing tests were made.
June 20-23 .- The normal tolerance for glucose given intra- venously was established at about 8 gms., approximately one- tenth of that for ingested saccharose.
June 25. Operation .- (Posterior lobe removal.)
June 25-29 .- A moderate grade of polyuria without spontaneous glycosuria.
June 28-July 17 .- Determination of post-operative intravenous tolerance. This on June 29 was 7.5 gms., slightly below the pre- operative tolerance. On July 13 and 17 it had risen to about 11 gms. or 3 gms. in excess of the pre-operative tolerance.
July 19 .- The intravenous injection of 7.5 gms. lævulose caused a marked lævulosuria, equivalent to the glycosuria produced by 11.25 gms. glucose. In others words, the animal was much less tolerant to lævulose than to glucose.
TABLE IX .- TESTS OF TOLERANCE FOR INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF GLUCOSE IN No. 58.
Date.
Dosage of extracts injected.
Grams of sugar injected.
Amt.
Sp.'Gr.
Fehling.
Nylander.
Fermenta-
tion.
Polari-
June 20
21
22
8.75
170
1032
1034
0
0
25
0
1600
1003
0
0
:
29
7.50
70
1032
+
+
:
4
0
160
1040
1030
0
6
10
80
1050
1050
0
+
.
19
7.6 gms. levulose
140
1026
+
+ sl. + sl.
.5% L.
05 gm.
6.25
160
1036
0
0
..
27
. 05 gm.
7.50
120
1034
+
+
+
.2%
intraven.
28
.05 gm.
7.50
120
1042
+
0
0
0
Aug. 14
.05 gm.
7.50
130
1040
+ sl.
very sl.
0
0
intraven.
15
.05 gm.
7
120
1040
0
0
post. Jobe
intraven.
16
. 130
1032
0
0
July 27 .- Thirty centimeters of 25 per cent glucose solution, representing 7.5 gms. glucose introduced intravenously, simulta- neously with .05 gm. posterior lobe extract produced glycosuria- a reduction in tolerance of about 3.5 gms. below the post-opera- tive tolerance and 1.25 gms. below the tolerance determined be- fore operation.
July 28 .- An equal amount (7.5 gms.) of glucose intravenously, together with .05 gm. anterior lobe extract produced no glycosuria. Upon a repetition of this dosage on August 14, the urine gave an atypical reduction to Fehling's, but there was no rotation and the fermentation test was negative. Evidently pars anterior extracts were less potent than those from the pars posterior.
July 29-Aug. 13 .- Saccharose ingestion tests (cf. Table VIII).
August 15 .- The intravenous injection of 7 gms. glucose with .05 posterior lobe extract caused no glycosuria, establishing the tolerance lowering power of .05 gm. posterior lobe extract intra- venously at about 3.5 gms. (cf. July 27), or about 31 per cent of the acquired tolerance of 11 gms.
August 25 .- The animal remains in apparently perfect health. Sacrificed. Autopsy: Considerable glandular tissue evidently
Digitized by
0
27
0
1180
1008
0
0
6.25
150
1030
0
0
July
8
8.75
100
1030
suspic.
suspic.
0 + o+ of
2%
..
13
17
11.25
100
1010
+
0 0 0 + ++toto0
.5%
28
post. lobo
intraven.
post. lobe
10
180
11.25
150
1034
0
1034
0
98
0
50
+
+ sl.
scope.
6.25
180
7.5
200
Hypophysectomy (posterior lobe removal).
28
.3% 0
5
0
100
11
.2%
ant. lobe
intraven.
ant. lobe
.
Urine.
1 1.
176
.
JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL BULLETIN.
[No. 2]
present in the sella turcica. The interpeduncular block of tissues was preserved and sectioned in the usual manner. Naked eye appearances of the other organs showed nothing noteworthy.
Histological .- The tissue removed at operation showed the in- tact pars nervosa and its epithelial investment. (Fig. 3.)
Serial sections of the interpeduncular block showed an intact anterior lobe with abundant and hyperplastic pars nervosa about the infundibular stalk. Gland appears collapsed, owing to enu- cleation of pars nervosa, and replacement of scar tissue in its bed. (Fig. 4.)
Comment .- These further observations on No. 58 illustrate that the post-operative alterations in tolerance for glucose administered intravenously are comparable with those for in- gested cane sugar. The early fall and subsequent rise occur in each instance. This continuation of the protocol shows also that the coincident intravenous administration of pos- terior lobe extract is capable of lowering the acquired post- operative tolerance and that extract of the pars anterior is in- active or far less potent in this respect.
The tolerance for lævulose is shown to be much less than the tolerance for glucose. This, as we shall see, is important in relation to our clinical studies, for we had begun to find at this time that the ingestion of such large amounts of glucose (400 gms.) as were required to obtain the assimilation limit
FIG. 3 .- No. 58. Sections of tissue removed at operation; intact posterior lobe. Mag. 9 diams. Bensley; 5 ; iron hæmatoxylin.
in many of our patients could not be retained by the stomach. It is to be noted that after excessive doses of lævulose given ¡intravenously the reducing substance which appeared in the urine was lævo-rotatory. As we shall see, the same holds true for lævulose ingested.
No. 64 .- (Series of 1909-10.) Determination of tolerance for in- gested saccharose after posterior lobe enucleation. Increase in tolerance shown as early as 15 days after operation. Ultimate rise to 66 per cent above the normal. Effect of posterior lobe ex- tract (hypodermically, by mouth and intravenously), of anterior lobe extract (hypodermically and intravenously) and of thyroid extract (hypodermically) upon the acquired tolerance. (Table X.) May 28-31 .- A healthy full-grown, 7.9 kilo, fox-terrier bitch, about one year of age. Observed for five days previous to opera- tion. The normal tolerance for ingested saccharose, established at something below 90 gms.
June 1. Operation .- Clean exposure of gland. Pars nervosa readily shelled out from the anterior lobe without bleeding or stalk contusion. Prompt recovery from the anesthetic.
June 2-3 .- Marked polyuria (2250 cc. in first 24 hours) without glycosuria. No post-operative complications. Animal lively and in excellent condition.
June 7-1' bohydrate tests for post-operative tolerance. On
June 9, 90 gms. saccharose, the pre-operative assimilation limit failed to produce glycosuria. On June 11, 110 gms. brought domy a reducing body.
June 12-21 .- Further increase in tolerance to 140 gms. (50 gms above the pre-operative normal).
June 22-23 .- One-twentieth of a gram of posterior lobe extract administered hypodermically reduced the tolerance of 140 to lle gms. An equal dosage of anterior lobe extract with 110 gms. gare no glycosuria.
June 24-28 .- With 100 gms. of saccharose given each day, at! a coincident hypodermic injection of .05 gm. of posterior lobe es. tract on the first day and 0.1 gm. on the second, the acima! showed glycosuria on the second day only, indicating that the reduction in tolerance depends upon the dosage of posterior lode extract. The larger dose (0.1 gm.) of anterior lobe extract (fe: comparison with the above) did not appreciably affect the toler. ance, even for amounts of sugar carried up to 120 gms.
June 29 .- The administration of 0.2 gm. of posterior lobe er. tract by mouth, together with 110 gms. saccharose, did not cause
PI
PA
S
FIG. 4 .- Section 41 of 5 u series from interpeduncuiar block of No. 58. Mag. 9 diams. Bensley; iron hæmatoxylin. Show- ing intact pars anterior (P A) with scar (S) at situation of removed pars nervosa; pars intermedia (P I); sellar dura (D); optic chiasm (O G).
glycosuria, showing that administration of the extract by month was far less effective than hypodermically.
June 30 .- An attempt to compare with the above the effect of : intravenous injection of .05 gm. of posterior lobe extract on the 100 gms. of saccharose ingested caused vomiting of the sugar. ix a repetition of the test on July 19 caused an excessive glycosuria
July 4-7. The power of thyroid extract given hypodermicalk in 0.1 gm. dosage was shown to be about equal to that of py terior lobe extracts in lowering the tolerance.
July 19-27 .- Attempts to determine the relative dosage Dece sary, by the different methods of administering the extract : produce glycosuria with a given amount of saccharose ingesta The extract when administered intravenously was more than twin as potent as when given hypodermically, and by the latter mette: was more than eight times as potent as when taken by mouth.
July 29-August 1 .- Observations on the effect of the Injection " equal parts of anterior and posterior lobe extracts in 0.1 doses suggested that there might possibly be an antagonist action; for .05 gm. of posterior lobe extract given alone woz have been expected to show glycosuria with the 130 gms. of suas in view of the earlier reactions (e. g. June 22), even making ally. ance for the increment in tolerance between June 23 and August :
Digitized by Google
ILE X .- TESTS OF TOLERANCE FOR SACCHAROSE INJECTED IN No. 64.
Urine.
Grams of
ite.
cane sugar given.
Glandular extracts used.
Amt.
Sp. Gr.
Fehling.
Nylander.
Fermenta-
tion.
Polari-
28 29 30
0
130
1044
0
80
160
1050
0
31
0
180
1030
0
e 1
Hypophysectomy; posterior lobe removed.
0
2550
1004
0
0
0
7
70
140
1044
0
0
8
80
200
1044
0
0
9
90
160
1030
0
0 0
110
120
1044
slight
faint
+
1.4%
0 0
80
1040
140
1060
0
0
16 17 18
0
100
1042
0
0
19
180
180
1050
0
0
20
0
200
1038
0
0
140 110
.05 gm.
1040
+ sl. + 81.
+ sl. + sl.
+ sl. +
.3% .6%
post. lobe hypo.
250
1028
0
0
ant. lobe
24
100
.06 gm.
210
1022
0
0
25
100
.1 gm.
100
1044
+
+
+
.5%
26
100
.1 gm.
180
1032
0
0
27
110
270
1018
0
0
28
120
820
1020
0
0
540
1020
0
0
30
100
Sugar regurgitated.
4
100
Sugar regurgitated.
5
100
180
1046
+
+
+
1.4%
7
90
. 1 gm. thy-
120
1026
+
+
+
1.0%
19
100
.05 gm.
450
1028
++
+
+
2.6%
24
80
560
1013
0
0
25
90
.1 gm.
880
1028
+
+
+ 81.
.1%
80
. 1 gm. thy- roid ext. hypo.
560
1016
+
+
+ s).
0
110
.4 gm.
800
1030
+
+
+
.4% R.
8 9
110 110
420 260
1016
0
0
0
120
.05 gm. a. l., .05 gm. p. l.,
420
1020
0
0
1
130
260
1024
+
+
+
1.2%
0
120
0
0
140 150
0
160
1034
+
+
1.2%
had risen to about 150 gms., or 60 gms. over the pre- Ive normal-an increase in the assimilation limit of 66 at.
Autopsy: conducted in the usual manner.
Histological .- Sections of the fragment removed at operation (Fig. 5), showed pars nervosa with its investment practically in- tact. Serial sections of the interpeduncular block showed an in- tact and viable anterior lobe (Fig. 6), with patches of hyper- plastic intermediate lobe cells adjoining the stalk and remains of the cleft. The open space from which the posterior lobe was enu- cleated was apparent.
FIG. 5 .- No. 64. Section of tissue removed at operation; practically intact posterior lobe. Mag. 9 diams. Bensley; 5 ; iron hæmatoxylin.
Comment .- This experience likewise demonstrated a grad- ual increase in the sugar tolerance after posterior lobe re- moval until it reached 66 per cent above the normal estab- lished before the operation. The absence of spontaneous post-operative glycosuria is again to be noted, for there was no stalk traumatism. Tests of the effects of various glandular extracts brought out the following points : that .05 gm. of pos- terior lobe extract given subcutaneously lowered the acquired
AL PL
D
FIG. 6 .- Section 22 of 5 u series from interpeduncular block of No. 64. Mag. 9 diams. Bensley; H and E. Showing space filled with partially organized reticular tissue from which posterior lobe was removed (PL) ; intact anterior lobe (A L) ; pars intermedia (P I); enveloping dura (D).
assimilation limit of 140 gms. for ingested saccharose to less than 110 gms., a decrease of 21 per cent; that double this dose of posterior lobe extract brought it down to less than 100 gms., a decrease of about 29 per cent; that equivalent doses of an- terior lobe extract given subcutaneously, even with larger doses of sugar, had no comparable tolerance-lowering effect. Thyroid extract, on the other hand, given under the skin like- wise, had an equal if not a more potent effect than posterior
1
Digitized by
10 11 12 13 14 15
100
140
1038
0
140
1036
0
0
0
110 120 180
280
1032
0
0
160
1036
+ 81.
+
+
1.3%
0
140
1084
0
0
21 29 29
110
.05 gm.
hypo.
post. lobe
hypo.
post. lobe
hypo.
ant. lobe hypo. .1 gm.
ant. lobe hypo.
.1 gm. ant. lobe
hypo. .2 gm.
29
110
post. lobe by mouth. .06 gm.
roid ext. hypo.
post. lobe Intraven. .1 gm.
post. lobe hypo.
post. lobe hypo.
post. lobe by mouth. 0
1012
0
0
.05 gm. a. l., .05 gm. p. l .. intraven.
intraven.
.05 gm. a. l., .05 gm. p. l., intraven. 0
0
140
1018 1030
0
0
scope.
90
120
1032
0 0 00 0+00
+
500
1010
100
1050
120
0
.
post. lobe intraven. . 1 gm. thy- roid ext. hypo.
. 1 gm. thy- roid ext. hypo.
meu for June
178
JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL BULLETIN.
[No. 35
lobe extract in this particular animal (not confirmed in No. 67).
Further tests with extracts in this animal showed, as might have been expected, that posterior lobe extract given intra- venously is far more effectual than when given under the skin, and that the latter method is in turn far more effectual than when the extract is given by mouth, the relative potency being roughly in the proportion of one to four to thirty-two. This is of some importance in relation to methods of administering the extract for therapeutic purposes.
No. 67 .- (Series of 1909-10.) Determination of the assimila- tion limit for ingested saccharose after posterior lobe extirpation. Lowered tolerance for nine days; normal tolerance regained on the 12th day; subsequent rapid increase by the third week to 46 per cent above the normal. Tolerance reduced by the administra- tion of posterior lobe extract but not by anterior lobe extract. (Table XI.)
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