USA > Pennsylvania > York County > History of York County, Pennsylvania : from the earliest period to the present time, divided into general, special, township and borough histories, with a biographical department appended > Part 30
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RIFLEMEN.
Col. Thompson's Battalion of Riflemen was enlisted in the latter part of June, and be- ginning of July, 1775, in the pursuance of the resolution of Congress, of June 14, for raising six companies of expert riflemen in Pennsylvania, two in Maryland, and two in
*V Archives, 754. +Ibid, 772.
ĮVII Archives, 530.
*VII Archives, 456, 459.
+Letters of John Adams, Vol. I, page 44.
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CONTINENTAL TROOPS.
Virginia, which as soon as completed, were to join the army near Boston. By resolution, dated June 22, Pennsylvania was to raise two more companies, which, with the six, were to be formed into a battalion, and be commanded by such officers as the assembly or convention should recommend. The com- missions to the officers are dated June, 25, 1775. The commissions were signed by John Hancock, President, and the form of enlist- ment was : " I have this day voluntarily en- listed myself as a soldier in the American Continental Army for one year, unless sooner discharged, and do bind myself to conform in all instances to such rules and regulations as are, or shall be established for the govern- ment of the said army." Each company was to consist of a captain, three lieutenants, four sergeants, four corporals, a drummer or trumpeter, and sixty-eight privates. The battalion afterward was made to consist of nine companies. One company, Capt. Doud- el's, enlisted in York. The patriotism of Pennsylvania was evinced in the haste with which these companies were filled to over- flowing, and the promptitude with which they took up their march for Boston. The Phila- delphia Evening Post of August 17, 1775, publishes a New York item "that between the 28th of July, and 2d inst. the riflemen under the command of Captains Smith, Lowdon, Doudel, Chambers, Nagel, Miller and Hendricks, passed through New Windsor (a few miles north of West Point) in the New York government, on their way to Boston."*
This battalion became the Second Regiment (and after the first of January, 1776, the First Regiment) "of the Army of the United Colonies, commanded by his Excellency, George Washington, Esq., General and Com- mander-in-Chief."
Foremost among the volunteers : Captain Michael Doudel's Company left York for Boston, July 1, 1775, arriving at Cambridge, Mass., July 25, at one P. M.
The following letter was addressed by the committee of York to their representatives in Congress:
YORKTOWN, July 1, 1775.
Gentlemen :
We had the honor of receiving your favor of the 15th ultimo. enclosing a resolve of the Continental Congress of the 14th ultimo. We immediately sum- moned the committee of this county, and laid be- fore them your letter, etc. The committee pro- ceeded to the choice of officers fit to be recommended to the Congress, to command the company of rifle- men to be raised, and appointed six companies to provide the necessaries for them. Every resolve passed in committee with the greatest unanimity, and the gentlemen of Yorktown, after the meeting
dispersed themselves through the county, and assisted the officers in recruiting.
The spirit of the people, on this occasion, gave the committee infinite spirit. The men seemed actuated with the greatest zeal, and thought them- selves honored in having their names enrolled amoug the sons of liberty, who are to fight for their country, and in defense of their dearest rights and privileges. The only uneasiness they feel is, that they are not this moment at the scene of action. From the spirit of the soldiers, we entertain the most flattering hopes that they will prove service- able to the cause of liberty, and reflect honor on this county.
The principal people here have caught the spirit of the honorable Congress, and in their small circle have done everything in their power to animate their neighbors to stand forth in this day of despot- ism. and resist the arbitrary and unjust measures of Parliament with all the power which Heaven has given them. And we have the pleasure to inform yon that their labors have not been in vain, and that the county is ready to strain every nerve to put into execution any measures which the Congress may judge necessary to our common defence.
The officers now take the liberty to recommend to you, Captain Michael Doudle, Lieuts. Henry Miller, John Dill and John Watson. They are men whose courage we have the highest opinion of. The company, including the officers and soldiers, are beyond the number fixed for this county. and as Gen. Gates thought it improper to discharge any, we have sent all.
We request the favor of you that proper care be taken that none are draughted ont of their company into another. This is the request of the inhabitants of this county, many of them having their dearest friends engaged in the service, and would not by any means have them taken from their present officers.
We hope no alteration will be made in the officers. The captain has behaved very well on this occasion, and has done all in his power, by advancing money, etc., to forward the important common cause. Mr. Miller is known to some of you gentlemen. The other officers are men of worth and property ; they have all wives and families, and are entitled to the warmest thanks of their country.
The commissioners appointed to provide missions for the men. will forward their accounts as soon as they possibly can.
We are, gentlemen, your most humble servants : James Smith, George Irwin, John Kean, Joseph Donaldson, Thomas Hartley, Michael Hahn.
P. S .- The company began their march the near- est road to Boston this day."
In Frothingham's "Siege of Boston "f is the following: "The Southern riflemen at- tracted much attention. They had enlisted with great promptness, and had marched from 4 to 700 miles. In a short time large bodies of them arrived in camp. They were remarkably stout, hardy men. dressed in white frocks or rifle shirts, and round hats, and were skillful marksmen. At a review, a company of them, while on a quick advance, fired their balls into objects of seven inches diameter, at a distance of 250 yards. They were stationed on the lines, and became terrible to the British. The ac- counts of their prowess were circulated over
*Archives, 2d S., 3-4.
*X Archives, N. S., 20. Rupp. 607, +Page 227.
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HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.
England. One of them, taken prisoner, was carried there, and the papers described him minutely, as a remarkable curiosity."
A letter, July 19, says :-- " The general uniforms are made of brown Holland and Osnaburghs, something like a shirt, double- caped over the shoulders in imitation of the Indians; and on the breast, in capital letters, is their motto. 'Liberty or Death.'" **
"On the 29th of July, the British planted a bomb battery on Bunker Hill, advanced their guard on Charleston Neck further into the country and began to throw up an abatis to protect it, cutting down large trees for this purpose. Washington, in the evening, ordered the York county rifle company to cut off these outposts, and bring off a prisoner. The company attempted this service in the following manner: Capt. Dowdle and thirty- nine men filed off to the right, and crept on their hands and knees to the rear of the enemy's works; Lieut. Miller, with a party, in a like manner, got behind the sentries on the left. But just as the two divisions were about to join, a party of the British came down from Bunker Hill to relieve the guard, and discovered the riflemen. Both sides fired. The riflemen killed five and took two prisoners and retreated, having one man cap- tured. Gen. Howe, in general orders the following day, stated that had his directions relative to the relief been complied with ' the soldiers could not have failed to destroy a number of the rebels last night. +'"
Moore's Diary of the Revolution contains the following: "July 25th, 1775-Capt. Dowdle, with his company of riffemen, from Yorktown, Pennsylvania, arrived at Cam- bridge about one o'clock to day, and since has made proposals to Gen. Washington to at- tack the transport stationed at Charles River. He will engage to take her with thirty men. The General thinks it best to decline it at present; but at the same time commends the spirit of Capt. Dowdle and his brave men, who, though they just came a very long march, offers to execute the plan immediately. "
" July 30, 1775-Last Friday the regulars
cut several trees and were busy all night in throwing np a line and abatis in front of it. In the evening, orders were given to the York County riflemen to march down to our ad- vanced post in Charleston Neck to endeavor to surround the advanced guard and bring off some prisoners, from whom we expected to learn their design in throwing up their abatis in the Neck. The rifle company divided and executed their plan in the fol- lowing manner: Capt. Dowdle with thirty- nine men, filed off to the right of Bunker's Hill, and creeping on their hands and knees, got into the rear without being discovered. The other division of forty men, under Lieut. Miller, were equally successful in getting behind the sentinels on the left and were within a few yards of joining the division on the right when a party of regulars came down the hill to relieve their guard, and crossed our riflemen under Capt. Dowdle, as they were lying on the ground in Indian file. The regulars were within twenty yards of our men before they saw them, and immediately fired. The riflemen returned the salute, killed several, and brought off two prisoners, and their arms, with the loss of Corporal Creuse, who is supposed to be killed, as he has not been heard of since the affair."*
"Aug. 9, 1775-The riflemen from York County have annoyed the regulars very much. By a gentleman who left Boston yesterday, we hear that Capts. Percival and Sabine, of the marines, Capt. Johnson, of the Royal Irish, and Capt. LeMoine, of the train, were killed on Monday. Capt. Chetwyn, son of Lord Chetwyn, is mortally wounded. The number of privates killed this week we have not heard. The regulars have thrown up a breastwork across the neck at the foot of Bunker's Hill to secure their sentries and advanced guards.+"
The roll of Capt. Doudel's Company does not comprise more than one-half of its strength. Research has failed to complete it.+ Michael Doudel, Captain, resigned on account of ill health soon after the company reached Cambridge. Henry Miller, First Lieutenant, promoted Captain. John Dill, Second Lieu- tenant. James Matson, Third Lieutenant. John Clark, Third Lieutenant, afterward Ma- jor in Col. McAllister's Battalion, and aide to Gen. Greene. In February, 1778, Auditor of Accounts died December 27, 1819, at York, Penna., aged sixty-eight. Walter Cruise, captured in front of Boston, July 29, 1775, a prisoner seventeen months ; pro-
*In "Reminiscences of New York in the Olden Time," by J. Barnitz Bacon is the following :
"Presently, more drums-from the direction of Dey street, this time. It must be the General ! No! it was only a rifle company from Pennsylvania on their way to Boston. Capt. Doudel's company from Yorktown, with Lient. Henry Miller in command-the first company from west of the Hudson-belong- ing to Col Thompson's regiment, afterward Hand's, and bear- ing the first commission issued by Congress after Washington's. Yorktown offered so many men, that the young Lieutenant- he wasonly twenty-four-chalked a very small nose on a barn- door. 'I'll take only the men that can hit that nose at one hundred and fifty yards " said he. ‘Take care of your nose, Gen. Gage" said the newspapers at the time. Both York- town and Lieut. Miller afterward became noted in Revo- lutionary history. A hundred rifles filled bis ranks as they, too, marched on to Kingsbridge."
+Siege of Boston, 228.
ĮP. 119.
$P. 119. +P. 124.
ĮX Arch., N. S., 21.
147
CONTINENTAL TROOPS.
moted Captain Sixth Pennsylvania. Robert Armor, John Ferguson, George Armstrong, Robert Graft, John Beverly, John Griffith, Christian Bittinger, Joseph Halbut, Wil- liam Cooper, Richard Kennedy, George Dougherty, Thomas Kennedy, John Douther, Abram Lewis, Abel Evans, John McAlister, John McCrary, Joshua Minshall, John Mc- Curt, James Mill, Edward Moore, Matthew Shields, Daniel Lelap, died January 29, 1776. John Brown, captured in September, 1775, in front of Boston. Thomas Campbell afterward Captain in Fourth Pennsylvania. William Cline, re-enlisted and discharged March, 1777 ; died in 1826 in York County. David Ramsay, discharged July 1, 1776, en- listed in Col. Hannum's battalion and taken at Brandywine ;- in York County, 1818, aged sixty-nine. Jacob Staley, Andrew Start, Tobias Tanner, John Taylor, Patrick Sullivan, enlisted June 24, 1775; re-enlisted First Pennsylvania. Isaac Sweeny, promoted Lieutenant in Hartley's Regiment. Cor- nelius Turner, taken with Corp. Cruise, and carried to Halifax.
The Commander-in-Chief's guard, organ- ized by Gen. Washington, in 1776, consisted of 180 men. Among them were John Dother, of Marsh Creek, and William Kernahan, formerly of Miller's riflemen, of York County. This was also called Washington's Life Guard. Their uniform consisted of a blue coat with white facings, white waistcoat and breeches, black stock and half-gaiters, and a round hat with blue and white feather .*
THE PENNSYLVANIA RIFLE REGIMENT,
under the command of Col. Samuel Miles, was raised for the defence of the province. In this regiment was the company of Capt. Philip Albright, who was appointed from York County on March, 19, 1776, and re- signed January 23, 1777. The Second Lieu- tenant of this company was William Mc- Pherson, who was captured August 27, 1776, at Long Island, and exchanged April 20, 1778. He died at Gettysburg on August 2, 1832, and was buried in Evergreen cemetery. In this company was Charles Stump, who was wounded August 27, 1776 ; lost a finger, was missing since the battle of August 27, 1776, and who resided in York County in 1788. In Capt. Shade's company, in this regiment, was Henry Dull, April 1, 1776, who resided in York County, in 1818, aged seventy-one. Just before the battle of Long Island, Col. Miles was ordered with his rifle- men to watch the motions of the enemy, and
on the 27th was overcome by a superior force and surrendered. Col. Miles was exchanged April 20, 1778 .*
On the 12th of March, 1777, the Su- preme Executive Council had aid before them, from the' Council of Safety, the list and arrangement of the field officers of the twelve Pennsylvania regiments in the Continental service. First Regiment, Col. onel, Edward Hand ; Lieutenant-Colonel, James Ross ; Major, Henry Miller. Seventh Regiment, Colonel, William Irwin ; Lieuten- ant-Colonel, David Grier ; Major, Samuel Hay .¡
CONTINENTAL LINE-FIRST PENNSYLVANIA REGI MENT.
Capt. Henry Miller, with his company of riflemen, was attached to the First Regiment of the Pennsylvania Line, commanded by Col. Edward Hand, and he was promoted to he Major of the regiment. In the " Mem- oirs" of Gen. Wilkinson, the gallantry of Col. Hand and Maj. Miller is graphically described, in checking the pursuit of the American Army by the British, in the mem- orable retreat across New Jersey.į At the battle of Monmouth, as Maj. Miller was ascending, in company with Lieut. - Cols. North and Bunner, a hill from which the British were driven, he had two horses shot under him, and Col. Bunner, by his side, was killed. From Major of the First he was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel of the Second Regiment of the Pennsylvania Line, July 1, 1778. He resigned in the month of Decem- ber, 1778, but was afterward Quartermaster of the western expedition. He commanded a brigade of militia in defence of Baltimore in 1814.§
John Clark, of the York Riflemen, was made a Second Lieutenant in the First Penn- sylvania, and was afterward a Major in the battalion of Colonel McAlister, in the Flying Camp, and was promoted Aid to Gen. Greene. He died on the 27th of December, 1819, at York, aged sixty-eight.
Capt. John McClelland was promoted from Lieutenant, in this regiment, October 1, 1779. His company left York, under Gen. Wayne, in 178], for the southern campaign. He retired from service January 1, 1783, and resided on Marsh Creek, York County, in 1791.
Andrew Johnston, Quartermaster, appoint- ed October 2, 1778, wounded in left leg at
*Custis' Recollections.
#X Archives, N. S., 199.
+XI Col. Rec., 179.
İWilkinson's Memories, Vol. 1, p. 136. ¿X Archives, 2d. S., 397.
148
HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.
1
Paoli, and in the right leg at Monmouth, re- sided in York County in 1813. John Jacob Bauer, wounded in left hand by bayonet and sabre wound in head, resided in York County in 1824. John Beaty, died August 30, 1829, aged 74, in York County. Edward Cave- naugh, from Thompson's Rifles, served two years, resided in York County in 1808. John Cavanagh, wounded at Brandywine, resided in York 1835, aged 83 years. John Devinney, from Fourth battalion, served until the end of the war; died in York County February 15, 1825, aged 69. William Smith died in York County July 4, 1821, aged 71. Michael Warner, resided in York County 1835, aged 75. Major Henry Miller was pro- moted from First Pennsylvania, ranking from March 1, 1777, Lieutenant Colonel of Penn- sylvania Line, Second Regiment. Capt. Jo- seph Mcclellan's company left York, Penn., under Gen. Wayne, May 26, 1781, for the southern campaign. Names taken from his journal: James Allison, Phillip Briulls, John Davis, John Farmer, Nicholas Howe, Samuel Lacount, Valentine Miller, Daniel Nether- house, Jas. Sedwick, Matthew Turney. Taken from list in Secretary's office: John Anderson, resided in York County, 1787. John Brown, resided in York County, 1834, aged eighty - four; Martin Duhl, resided in York County, 1835, aged seventy-nine; Christopher New, April 1, 1777 to January 1781, in Capt. Pat- terson's company, resided in York County, 1818, aged sixty-five, died in York County, Dec. 1, 1826, aged seventy-three. Henry Snyder resided in York County, 1835, aged seventy-eight. John McMehan resided in York County in 1789. Ezekiel Sankey of York County. John Wren died in York County July 9, 1827, aged eighty-nine.
CONTINENTAL LINE-FOURTH PENNSYLVANIA REGI- MENT.
In this corps were Capt. Joshua Williams, commissioned May 25, 1775, Adjutant of the Fifth Battalion of Associators of York County, and Captain of a company in the Flying Camp. He then raised an independ- ent company, of which Alexander Ramsey was a Lieutenant, which was annexed to Fourth Pennsylvania. October 21, 1777. Capt. Thomas Campbell January 1, 1781, retired January 1, 1783-Senator from York County, 1810, died at Monaghan, York County, 1815. John Cavanagh resided in York County, 1835. Andrew Crotty enlisted in 1776; wounded at Stoney Point in the hip; discharged August 18, 1783; resided in York County, 1812. Christian Pepret, 1777 to 1783, resided at
York in 1818, aged sixty-seven. William Smith resided in York, 1818, aged sixty-nine. George Seittel resided in York County, 1822. Andrew Shoeman died in York County, May 16, 1832, aged eighty.
CONTINENTAL LINE-FIFTH PENNSYLVANIA REGI- MENT.
John Deveny, discharged 1783; resided in York County, 1821, aged sixty-five.
CONTINENTAL LINE-SIXTH PENNSYLVANIA REGI- MENT.
William Brown, wounded at Paoli. left the army April 1, 1780; resided in York County, 1822, aged seventy seven. Joel Gray, dis- charged at Lebanon, April 1, 1781, after serving his term; he belonged to the British Army; died in York, October 9, 1820.
CONTINENTAL LINE-SEVENTH PENNSYLVANIA REGI - MENT.
Lieut .- Col. David Grier, ranking from October 2, 1776, retired January 1, 1781; died at York, June 3, 1790, aged forty-eight; John Brown, August 15, 1779-81; wounded; resided in York County, 1813.
CONTINENTAL LINE-NINTH PENNSYLVANIA REGI- MENT.
John Tate, ensign, York County, 1777-78; Stephen Stevenson, of York County, from Ensign promoted Captain-Lieutenant,October 10, 1779; he signed a paper as retiring officer, January 30, 1781, but was appointed subsequently Captain in the Fourth Penn- sylvania. Adam Davidson, twenty three, farmer, Scotland; York County, 1780. Sam- uel Jamieson, Sergeant, forty-five; farmer; Jersey, England, York, 1776. George Hef- flefinger, at Green Springs, July 5, 1781; re- sided in York County, 1814.
CONTINENTAL LINE-TENTH PENNSYLVANIA REGI- MENT.
James Lang, of York County, from Lieu- tenant in Atlee's regiment, December 4, 1776, commissioned. John Lockhart, March 7, 1777-81; died in York County, June 1, 1830, aged seventy-six. Samuel Spicer; dis- located his wrist while building huts at Morristown, 1779; resided in York County, 1835, aged ninety-seven.
CONTINENTAL LINE - ELEVENTH PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT.
Robert McMurdie, brigade chaplain, July, 1779; resided on Marsh Creek, York County, now Adams, Jan. 1791.
149
CONTINENTAL TROOPS.
CONTINENTAL LINE-THIRTEENTH PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT.
Matthew Farney, from Marsh Creek.
THE SIXTH PENNSYLVANIA BATTALION.
In service from January 9, 1776, to March 20, 1777, was commanded by Col. William Irvine. Lieut-Col. Thomas Hartley was commissioned January 10, 1776. He was promoted Colonel of one of the sixteen addi- tional regiments. Major David Grier, of York, was promoted from Captain; and af- terward, Lieutenant-Colonel of the Seventh Pennsylvania. Capt. Grier's Company was raised in York County in January and Feb- ruary, 1776. The officers, commissioned March 20, 1776, were four, non-commis- sioned officers and privates eighty-eight, total strength ninety-two. In this battalion was also Capt. Moses McClean's Company, which had many York County men. The First Lieu- tenants were Barnet Eichelberger, who re- signed, and John Edie, Second Lieutenant, John Hoge, Ensign, Robert Hopes. This battalion was raised under the authority of Congress, by resolution of January 4, 1776. Six companies were to be raised, four in Cumberland and two in York County.
Letter from Lieut .- Col. Thomas Hartley to Jasper Yeates, Esq.
CAMP AT SOREL, June 12, 1776.
A detachment under Gen. Thompson was sent down the river." The corps under Col. St. Clair was to join in, and. if the General thought it expe- dient, he was ordered by Gen. Sullivan to attack the enemy at Three Rivers . . ... Col. St. Clair's division advanced, but the fire was too heavy. Part of Col. Irvine's division, especially the riflemen, went up toward the enemy. I understood the army was in confusion. I consulted some friends, and led up the reserve within a short distance of the enemy. Capt. McClean's and Grier's company advanced with spirit; St. Clairs' men took the best situation, and within eighty yards of the en- emy, exposed to the fire of the shipping, as hot as hell. I experienced some of it. Not a man of Mc- Clean's company behaved ill; Grier's company be- haved well. Several of the enemy were killed in the attack of the reserve . . . . but a retreat was necessary. Col. Wayne and Allen gathered some hundreds together, and I got as many in my division as I could, with several others amount- ing to upward of 200 Lieut. Eddie, of the York troops, I fear is killed. He was a fine young fellow and behaved bravely. He approached the enemy's works without dismay, several times, and remained in the swamp to the last. He was in the second engagement, where it is supposed he was killed. Ensign Hopes, of the same company, was wounded near the breastwork when I led up the re- serve. I cannot give too much commendation of him. He showed the greatest courage after he had received several wounds in the arm. He stood his ground and animated his men. He nobly made good his retreat, with me, through a swamp of nearly eighteen miles long. The ball has hurt the
bone. Several of our men were killed-I appre- hend between thirty and fifty. The rest, missing. have been taken, quite worn out with fatigue and hunger."
P. S. June 13. Last night, a sort of flag of truce came from the enemy. Gen. Thompson, Col. Ir- vine (William), Dr. Mckenzie, Lieutenants Edie, Currie and Parson MeCalla (of the first) are prison- ers. They were taken up by some of the rascally Canadians in the most treacherous manner .*
Lieutenant Edie mentioned in this account was in Moses McClean's company from York County, was taken prisoner on the 8th of June, 1776, and exchanged on the 10th of April, 1778-afterward became Gen. Edie. He resided in Adams County in 1814. En- sign Hopes, of whom Col. Hartley also writes in other letters, and whom he was de- sirous to promote an account of his gallant conduct, was Ensign of Moses McClean's company, and was made Quarter-Master of the battalion, by Gen. Gates, on November 17, 1776. He was afterward promoted Cap- tain in Col. Hartley's additional regiment on the 13th of January, 1777, and was killed at the battle of Brandywine. In this battalion, one of the companies from Cumberland was commanded by Capt. Samuel Hay, an iron master, afterward promoted to be Major of the Seventh Pennsylvania. This is the Major Hay of whom Col. Hartley makes mention in his letter. On the 11th of October, Hart- ley still maintained his post; having found in the woods some cannon lost in the French war, with great labor he had roads cut, and transported them to Crown Point, and had a battery of six guns ready for visitors, not any too soon, for on the same day the British attacked Arnold's fleet, on Lake Champlain, compelling him to retire toward Crown Point to refit, the next day, almost totally destroying it before it got there. On the 14th, Col. Hartley set fire to all the houses at and near Crown Point, and retired to Ti- conderoga. After threatening which place, the British retired into winter quarters. The army was moved to Ticonderoga the 6th, under Lieut .- Col. Hartley, was posted at Crown Point, where it remained the bal- ance of the summer and fall, the sentinel regiment of Gen. Gate's army. On the 6th of September, Lieut .- Col. Hartley desired Gen. Gates to send to Crown Point either Gen. Wayne's battalion or the second, and he would defend it with them. Gen. Gates gave him positive orders to retreat if the British reached that point. The British did not come, however, and on the 22d Irvine's reg- iment was still at Crown Point. t
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