USA > Pennsylvania > York County > History of York County, Pennsylvania : from the earliest period to the present time, divided into general, special, township and borough histories, with a biographical department appended > Part 96
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in shallops, and floated down the stream to tide water and from thence to Philadelphia and Baltimore. The firm owned in 1830, nearly 4,000 acres of woodland in Hellam and Spring Garden Townships. The valua- tion of the property in 1848, including wood- land, was $52,000. Clement Grubb of Lan- caster, and Edward Grubb of New Jersey, composed the firm that operated these works last.
A "flint-mill" was started on the site of the iron works in 1884. The quartz rocks from the Hellam Hills are ground. The flood of 1884 took away 140 tons of ground flint.
CASTLE FIN FORGE.
This forge for many years was a very im- portant manufacturing industry. It was lo- cated in the extreme southern portion of Low- er Chanceford Township, on Muddy Creek, at a romantic spot surrounded by high hills. It only recently ceased operations. The name "Castle Fin" was given to it in honor of Robert Coleman, the great iron manufac- turer, of Pennsylvania, who was born in the village of Castle Finn, province of Ulster, county of Donegal, Ireland.
The iron business was begun here in 1810 by Joseph Webb. It was first called Palmyra Forge. This site was selected on account of the abundance of chestnut and other timber in the vicinity, suited for burning charcoal. In 1812 Joseph Withers & Co. managed the interest and continued until December 26, 1815, when the property was offered for sale by John Kauffelt, sheriff of York County. Joseph Webb became the rightful owner again, and disposed of it to Thomas Burd Coleman, of Cornwall Furnace, Lebanon County, who did a very extensive business. An immense tract of Chestnut timber land was purchased, and a large number of employes put to work.
Mr. Coleman built a large mansion, which is still standing. About fifteen houses were built for the employes. Some woodland was bought as low as $5 an acre; the same land is now very productive. There were in 1840 about fifty hands employed. Large quantities of hammered iron and blistered steel were made. In 1849 there were three forge fires, two hammers; 150 tons of blooms, and 250 tons of bar iron were made. One of the managers, and who conducted the business for many years, was Edmund Evans. He was succeeded by Isaac Eaton. Robert and William Coleman succeeded in the owner- ship. Joseph Longenecker purchased the forge of the Colemans. The land around this site is now owned by Mr. Beebee.
487
EARLY IRON INDUSTRIES.
An extensive business is done at present at the Merchant Mill, near the site of the forge.
THE YORK FOUNDRY, FURNACE AND FORGE.
This enterprise was originated by Phineas Davis and Israel Gardner in 1820, or there- abouts. Davis was a silversmith, and worked at his trade a few miles west of the Motter House, in York. Israel Gardner was a prac- tical machinist. James Webb soon after be- came associated with them, and they built a foundry, and afterward a furnace and forge, on the corner of Newberry and King Streets. Their business prospered and all kinds of castings were made. The most notable prod- ucts of this establishment were the steam- boat "Codorus" and a number of locomotives.
The Steamboat Codorus .- Publie atten- tion was called to the importance of re- moving obstructions and improving the navi- gation of the Susquehanna River as early as 1793. In March, 1823, the legislature of Pennsylvania passed an act for the improve- ment of the river, from Northumberland to tide water. Commissioners were appoint- ed to superintend the work. They made a report January 14, 1828, stating that the improvement from tide water to Colum- bia was then nearly completed. "Crafts would be able to descend from Columbia to the head of Maryland Canal, bearing sixty tons burden, which heretofore could not bear half that amount. The section between Columbia and Northumberland was yet un- finished, and on both sections $15,524 were spent in the improvement of the river." This was paid by a State appropriation. A number of enterprising citizens of Baltimore, most of whom were identified with the Mer- chant Flouring Mills at York Haven, formed a company, for the purpose of "testing the practicability of running steamboats on the Susquehanna between the towns of York Haven and Northumberland. The stock was soon subscribed; some York merchants took an active interest in the project.
The company then advertised for the man- nfacture of steamboats. John Elgar, who was an intelligent and ingenious Quaker of York, was then a master mechanic in Webb, Davis & Gardner's foundry and machine shop. He went to work and constructed a sheet iron vessel in these shops. It was ready to be launched on the 8th of Novem- ber, 1825.
The boat had sixty feet keel and nine feet beam, composed externally of sheet-iron, riveted with iron rivets. The weight of the iron on it was 1,400 pounds, the wood 2,600 pounds, the steam-engine and boiler two
tons, and the entire weight of the boat five tons. The form of the boiler was cylindrical. Anthracite coal was used to produce steam. The entire cost was $3,000. The boat was now completed and loaded on an eight- wheeled wagon, to which ropes were attached, and on November .14, 1825, it was drawn from the foundry west of the Codorus Creek to the east end of Market Street, amidst the shouts and huzzas of a great multitude of people. The boat was named "Codorus," in honor of the stream along whose waters it was brought into existence. It was launched on the Susquehanna, and soon after "in majestic style" sailed up the stream to Har- risburg, with a party of 100 people on board. Thousands of people gathered at the shore to witness the novel spectacle. The star- spangled banner, on a flag-staff at the prow of the vessel, was waving in the breeze and Capt. John Elgar commanded the boat, and on their arrival at Harrisburg the eutire party were escorted to "Buehler's Hotel," where a banquet was prepared for them.
The boat then made a number of trips between York Haven and Harrisburg. Tbe members of the legislature, on December 5, 1825, expressed their "great satisfaction with the success of the experiment of the 'Codorus,' and its enterprising proprietors should receive legislative enactment in their favor." Early the next spring Capt. Elgar determined to navigate the Susquehanna as far up stream as possible; a party of eighty persons accom- panied him. They stopped at different towns along the way. At Bloomsburg, their arrival was greeted by the booming of cannon, and a great supper was prepared for them at Brew's Inn. Toasts ware responded to; one was as follows: "Capt. Elgar, the proprietor of the 'Codorus;' may his enterprise meet with suitable reward."
Another: "The steamship "Codorus," the first to navigate our waters. On April 19, 1826, the "Codorus" with its "cargo of sixty persons" arrived at Wilkesbarre; their arrival was greeted by the discharge of cannon, the hearty cheers of the multitude of people, and the delightful strains of martial music. The next morning, a party of eighty persons went a few miles up the river to Forty Fort. the place where the Wyoming massacre oc- curred during the Revolution. Here they sat down to a rich banquet. They returned to Wilkesbarre and remained for a few days, and then were propelled by steam up the Sus- quehanna as far as the New York State line. After an absence of four months, Capt. Elgar returned from an apparently successful trip and harbored his boat in the Cone wago Canal
488
HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.
at York Haven. Owing to the shallow water of the Susquehanna, steam navigation was practicable only for a few months of the year. The success of the "Codorus" was a great event of that day, but its use on our river was soon discontinued and it was sold, to be used elsewhere.
There were two other vessels made for this Baltimore Company: the "Susquehanna," which exploded at Berwick, eighty miles above Harrisburg while attempting to ascend the river; and the "Pioneer," which was too heavy.
The First Locomotive in America that burned Anthracite Coal. - As described in the history of railroads in this work, a reward was offered by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, for the best steam- engine of American manufacture. Phineas Davis, one of the proprietors of the York Foundry, was an inventive genius and an intelligent Quaker. He determined to compete for the prize, and began the con- struction of an engine in his York shops. It was completed in July, 1832, and conveyed in wagons to Baltimore, as the railroad to that city was not yet built.
The Baltimore Gazette of July 31, 1832, says: "We are gratified to learn that the locomotive steam engine 'The York,' con- structed by Davis & Gardner of York, Penn., commenced her operations on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad under the most favorable auspices, at 9 o'clock. It started from Pratt Street depot for Elicott's Mills, with the entire train destined for that place, consist- ing of fourteen loaded cars, carrying, together with the engine tender, a gross weight of fifty tons. The whole went off in fine style, and was soon out of sight. We have not had any news from the cavalcade since its de- parture, but understand that no fears are entertained of the abilities of the engine to perform the duty which has been laid upon it. A gentleman present says it was out of sight of the depot in about six minutes, and the rapid gliding of the immense train was one of the most imposing and beautiful spectacles he ever witnessed."
The York Gazette of August 9, 1832, states that it made the journey (thirteen miles) in one hour and five minutes. Made the jour- ney back with one car, a passenger coach, in fifty-seven and one-half minutes. Last mile returning made in three minutes.
The trial journey was made Saturday, Au- gust 4, 1832. The train, exclusive of tender, consisted of seven cars, weighing twenty- five tons. The fuel was anthracite coal.
Edwards' American Locomotive Engineer
says: "In 1832 Davis & Gardner of York, Penn., built several locomotive engines of the "Grasshopper" type, for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, from designs by Phineas Davis and Ross Winans. These engines had vertical boilers, similar to those now used on steam fire-engines, fifty-one inches in diameter. and containing 282 fire tubes, six- teen inches long, and tapering from one and one-half inches at the bottom to one and one-fourth inches at the top, where the gases discharged through a combustion chamber into the stack. These engines weighed about six and one-half tons. One of these engines, the 'Atlantic, ' was set to work in September, 1832, and hauled fifty tons over a rough road, with high grades and short curves, at the rate of fifteen miles per hour. This engine made a round trip at the cost of $16, doing the work of forty two horses which had cost $33 per trip. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad exhibited one of these engines at the Centennial Exhibition, Philadelphia, in 1876, and there are one or more still used as shifting engines at Mount Claire station, Baltimore, Md."
In competition with other engines, Phineas Davis won the first prize of $3,500, for mak- ing the urst engine in America that was suc- cessfully worked, that burned anthracite coal.
He soon afterward removed to Baltimore, where he became superintendent of the large shops of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and prospered in his enterprises. He was a dili- gent worker. Mr. Rupp, of Hanover, now living, was one of his employes. Davis lost his life by accident. He had command of one of his engines, and was taking a party of Baltimoreans on an excursion, when, a few miles out from the city, one of the iron rails, on the left side of the track, bent and broke, flew with great force backward and struck him while on the engine, and he was instantly killed, on September 27, 1835. His death was deeply lamented.
He was a native of York, and August 15, 1826, was married in the Friends' Meeting House, at York, to Hannah Taylor, the great- granddaughter of William Willis, who built the first court house. He was only about forty years old when he was killed. A great many car-wheels and other foundry products were made at the York Foundry. It was last owned by Judge Durkee and Samuel Slaymaker. There was attached to these works a steam grist-mill, carding-mill and fulling-mill. Joel Fisher was manager of the last two. The steam grist-mill burned down.
489
CENSUS REPORTS AND POSTOFFICES.
MARGARETTA FURNACE AND WOODSTOCK FORGE.
These important iron works, were located in Lower Windsor Township, near where the village of East Prospect now stands. The furnace was built by Samuel Slaymaker, of Lancaster, in 1823, and put into operation in 1825. Soon after completion his nephews, Henry Y. and S. Slaymaker succeeded in the ownership and began a large business. A good quality of native ore, in the imme- diate vicinity, was used and a good pig iron made; a foundry was built, and in 1828 Woodstock Forge was erected about one and a half miles further east on the Cabin Branch Creek. At the foundry, a large number of ten plate stoves were, made, "iron kettles, skillets and various kinds of hollow ware; specimens of these are are still in use in the neighborhood. Charcoal was used, and the wood obtained from the surrounding country ; an extensive business was done, and many acres of valuable woodland were soon stripped of their chestnut timber. About 8,000 cords were used annually. John E. Beard, ex- county commissioner, then a young man, and his brother, Henry, together hauled 14,000 cords, in five successive years, to Margaretta Furnace; at one time the firm owned 1,900 acres; much of the timber was obtained from the land of other owners, and some of the ore was gotten near York.
These works were in operation about nine months of the year. Each week, thirty tons of iron were made, or about 1, 100 tons annu- ally. Samuel Slaymaker moved to York, and purchased an interest in the furnace and foundry there. Henry Y. Slaymaker conduct- ed the business aloue, for a number of years; built an elegant mansion, which is still stand- ing. He was very popular with his employ- es, but the "fates were not propitious" with him, and the business did not bring in the needed revenue to keep it going. He failed in 1843, and soon afterward moved to Daven- port, Iowa, where he died a few years ago a highly respected citizen. Judge Patterson, of Lancaster, is married to his daughter.
The works were started again by some of the leading employes, among whom were Messrs. Curran and Connelly, and Dr. Barton Evan (now a venerable citizen of Wrightsville, who at present time is hale, hearty and vigorous at the advanced age of eighty.two years,) was associated with them. William H. Kurtz, John Campbell, James Curran and Dr. Evans formed a co-partnership until 1847.
Israel Gardner and Franklin Wright at one time owned it, until the property finally passed into the hands of the present owner, Mr. Himes, of New Oxford.
MANOR FURNACE.
First known as Sarah Ann Furnace this was started by William G. Cornwell, in Chance- ford Township, about 1830. He did a con- siderable business, but met with a financial collapse in 1835. John Herr, a farmer of Hellam Township, purchased the interests and manufactured considerable iron, but the bus . iness again failed. It was afterward run by other parties, and many years ago ceased operation.
YORK FURNACE.
For over a half-century York Furnace has been one of the most important business places in the county along the Susquehanna River. It lies in the northeast part of Lower Chance- ford Township near the mouth of Otter Creek. The Charcoal Furnace was built in 1830, by James Hopkins of Lancaster, a prominent lawyer and the preceptor of James Buchanan, president of the United States. Mr. Hopkins manufactured pig iron, some stone and hollow ware. It was for a time rented by Henry Y. and S. Slaymaker, of Margaretta Furnace. The name, York Furnace, was given to it because it lay in York County. Mr. Hopkins owned a similar furnace then, in Lancaster County.
It was purchased by John Bair, in the year 1850. Soon afterward David Bair, John Schaffner and Jacob Hoover became partners. After conducting the business together for some years with different changes in the firm, John Bair became sole proprietor. A great amount of iron for car wheels and cannons was made here during the civil war.
Some of the ore was obtained in York County, near Margaretta Furuace, and from Moser's bank, about four miles from York. The greater part however came from Lancas- ter County, and was transported across the river in flat boats. The Charcoal Furnace is now in operation.
CENSUS REPORTS AND POST OFFICES.
T THE county commissioner, by a special order, in the year 1783 appointed asses- sors to take a complete assessment of all tax- able property in the county for the purpose of laying a special tax to assist in defraying the expenses of the government incurred by the Revolutionary war. These assessors were also required to take a census of the county.
490
HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.
The continental currency only the year before had entirely depreciated, consequently all assessments taken after this for a consider- able.time were on a specie basis.
GOVERNMENT CENSUS REPORTS.
The United States government began taking a census of the entire country in 1790. We have here compiled, with great care, a complete report of the district of York County since 1820. The census of 1820 in this entire county was taken during the month of August by Charles Nes and Penrose Robison. In 1840 it was taken by Adam Klinefelter, George Maish, and Dr. Andrew Patterson.
1820
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
Carroll.
803 882 898
1083
Chanceford.
1248 1177 1439 1572 2110 2501
2994
Codorus
2133 2429 1131 -971 1840 2002
2261
Conewayo.
945 1093 1068 1264 1288 1382 1495
Dallastown B'r'gh
287
482
Delta Borough
Dillsburg.
268
270
293 281
455
Dover Borough.
246
300 418
119
Dover.
1816 1874 1920 1918 2258 2281
2378
East Prospect.
250
Fairview
1764 1892 1993 2098 1903 1941
2150
Fawn
803 785 859,1043 1309 1457
1685
Franklin
973 1003 819 815 1014 910
952
Glen Rock
289 537
651
Goldsboro.
310
378
Hanover
946 998 1100 1205 1630 1839' 2317
Heidelberg.
1313 1528 1428 1616 1758 2266
916
Hellam 2062 1876 1421 1529 1642 1639
1963
Hopewell. 1630;1941 1095 2380 3288 3618
3773
Jackson.
1421 1499
1836
Jefferson Bor'gh.
110
164 234 397
320
Lewisberry 220 243 292 268
283
Loganville ..
221, 256 320
Lower Chanceford 965 1051 1232 1637 2150 3306 2471
Lower Windsor.
1687 1923 2162 2429 406
2538
Manchester B'r'gh
430
Manchester.
1949 2198 2152 2591 2695 2427
2636
Manheim.
1305 1361 1528 1806 1091 1159 1293
Monaghan 1158 1214 770 990 1030 1028 1055
Newberry 1794 1856 1850 2129 2182 2144 2228
New Freedom
324
New Salem.
224
North Codorus
1540 2124-2253 2476 2550
Paradise.
1837 1819 2117 2353 1206 1300 1372
Peach Bottom. 928 898 1074 1652 1874 2366 2130
Penn ..
1962
Railroad Bor'gh.
220
Red Lion.
241
Shrewsbury. 1988 2571 1328 1617 3926 3550 2087
Shrewsbury B'r'gh 472 552 600 580
Springfield. 1207 1341 1637 1958 1854
Spring Garden .. . 1603 1907 2393 2809 3010 4176
Stewartstown. 188 212 303
Warrington.
1274 1229 1340 1570 1681 1796 1825
Washington. 1061 1037 1226 1339 1386 1444 1450
West Manchester. 1073 1269 1390 1352 1524 1834 2476
West Manheim .. . 1265 1197 1202 Windsor. 2096 2760 1110 1250 1627 2024 2155
Winterstown. 190
Wrightsville 980 1250 1294 1544 1776
York Township. . 2107 1181 1994 1950 2390 2307 2370 York. 3546 4216 . . 6963 8605 1103 13979
The entire population of York County in 1783 was 27,007; we have here given only the townships now embraced in York County.
CENSUS OF 1783.
Number of houses
Number of lots
Negro slaves.
Negroes under 12
Number of male and female in-
Number of barns
Acres of land.
Mills.
+Servants.
| Ferries.
Codorus
199
6 1,304 189 27,975
9+1
Chanceford :
192
16
1,197 139 34.704
533
Dover
219
63 4 1,367 146 23,811
71 ..
Fawn .
118
39
783
89 18,100 8 4 ..
Hellam
101
*1 7
665
86 16,037 8 2 2
Hopewell
136
5
5
866
91 45.223 4 . . .
Heidelberg
191 116 29
1,204
9,030 3 . . .
Manahan
106
.. 11
907 202 45,377 8 . . ..
Manheim
217
4 22
1,281 208 27.172 16 1 . .
Manchester
267
30 10
1. 465 218 29, 123 21 3.
Newberry
296
1,704 267 33, 107 13 . . 3
Paradise.
141
*1 943 116 19,344 5 3. .
Shrewsbury
189
9 976 152 24,239 7 4 ..
Warrington
173 1,170 251 20,262 11 . .
Windsor.
184
3 1,118 211 22.054 16 1'. .
York Township 128 18
4
993 94 20.309 9 2 ..
York
293 315 38
23 1,779
1
POSTOFFICES IN YORK COUNTY.
Under the present United States postal system, which went into effect in 1790, the first office established was at York. On Feb- ruary 16, 1790, Andrew Johnston, a former lieutenant of the Revolutionary war, who was wounded at the battle of Paoli, was made first postmaster. The columns of the York papers frequently contained long lists of advertised letters belonging to persons living fifteen, twenty or thirty miles away from York. In January, 1795, an office was established at Hanover, and Henry Welsh appointed post master. An office was opened at Marsh Creek, Gettysburg, about 1800. In Novem- ber, 1815, Jacob Kirk became the first post- master at Lewisberry, and John Kirk the same year at Peach Bottom.
POSTAL ROUTES.
On October 2, 1819, proposals were re- ceived for carrying mails from Lancaster by York, Berwick, Oxford, Gettysburg to Cham- bersburg, 77 miles, every day. From York to McCall's Bridge once a week; from York by York Haven, New Market to Harrisburg, three times a week; from Belle Air, Md., by Lower Chanceford, York, Dover, Rosstown, Lewisberry, Lisburn, Dillstown and Carlisle. 59 miles, once a week.
In December, 1815, a postal route was es- tablished, by authority of the postoffice de-
*Forges.
+Redemptioners.
years.
habitants.
and out-houses.
269
Franklintown 82 181
231
491
NOTES FROM EARLY COURT RECORDS.
partment, between York and Carlisle. The mail was conveyed once a week. New offices were established along the route at Dover, Rosstown, Lewisberry, Dillsburg and Lis- burn. The postmasters appointed for these places were charged to be economical, or their offices would be discontinued.
POSTOFFICES AND POSTMASTERS IN YORK COUNTY IN 1832.
POSTOFFICES.
POSTMASTERS.
Bermudian .Gideon Griest
Chanceford Andrew Clarkson
Codorus. . . . Martin Sherer
Cross Roads Alexander Gordon
Castle Fin. Edward Markland
Day's Landing (New Holland) . Peter Dessenberg
Dillsburg.
. G. L. Shearer
Dover ..
.E. Melchinger
Fawn Grove.
. Thomas Barton
Franklintown
.Martin Carl
Farmer's.
William Snodgrass
Guilford (now Stewartstown). . Anthony Stewart
Hanover.
. Peter Mueller
Hetricks .. John Hershner
Lewisberry.
Samuel Crull
Loganville .Samuel Keyser
Lower Chanceford. . William Cowan#
Manchester. .J. T. Ubil
Margaretta Furnace. S. C. Slaymaker
Newberrytown Thomas Wickersham
Peach Bottom. .James McConkey
Pidgeon Hill. Abraham Bletcher
Rossville. .Michael Wollet
Shrewsbury. .Philip Folkemmer
Siddonsburg. .James G. Frazer Windsor .. William C. Cornwell
Wrightsville . . James Kerr
Wolfram's. .Gustavus Wolfram
York Haven. .D. Winchester, Jr.
York
Daniel Small
The following is a list of postoffices in York County during the year 1885, as fur- nished by the department at Washington:
Airville, Alpine,
Felton,
Andersontown,
Fortney,
Bald Eagle,
Franklintown,
Black Rock, Bridgeton, Brillhart,
Glatfelters.
Glen Rock,
Glenville,
Brogueville,
Grahamville,
Bryansville,
Hall,
Castle Fin,
Hanover,
Chanceford,
Hanover Junction,
Clear Spring, Codorus,
Hellam,
Constitution,
Hokes,
Craley,
Hopewell Centre,
Cross Roads,
Ironore, Jacobs' Mills,
Davidsburg,
Jacobus,
Delta,
Keys,
Dillsburg, Dover,
Lewisberry,
East Prospect,
Loganville,
East York,
Long Level,
Emigsville,
McCall's Ferry,
Etters, Farmers,
Manchester,
William Proctor, Thomas Niely,
William Beatty, Jeremiah Louchbridge,
John Pope, Nathan Dicks.
Richard Proctor,
*Mr. Cowan was living in 1885, at the advanced age of ninety-five years.
Mount Royal,
Mount Top,
Mount Wolf,
Muddy Creek Forks,
Mulberry,
Newberrytown,
New Bridgeville,
Stewartstown,
New Freedom,
Stony Brook,
New Park,
Strinestown,
Parke,
Peach Bottom,
Plank Road,
Wellsville,
Porter's Sideling,
West Bangor,
Rail Road,
West Manchester,
Red Lion,
Windsor,
Relay,
Winterstown,
Rockey,
Woodbine,
Rossville,
Wrightsville, Xenia,
Seven Valley,
Yocumtown,
Shortline,
York,
Shrewsbury,
Yorkana,
Siddonsburg,
York Furnace,
York New Salem.
In all 102.
MONEY ORDER OFFICES.
The following places in York County have money order offices connected with postoffices, established at the dates herein given: York, July 1, 1865; Hanover, August 6, 1866; Glen Rock, July 31, 1871; Shrewsbury, July 31, 1871; West Bangor, July 6, 1876; Wrights- ville, August 15, 1881; Wellsville, August 7, 1882.
The money order system went into opera- tion in the United States in 1864. The pos- tal note system was put into operation Sep- tember 3, 1883.
NOTES FROM EARLY COURT REC- ORDS FROM 1749 TO 1770.
THE first court of Several Quarter Sessions in York County after its formation from Lancaster County, was held at York before John Day, Esq., an English Quaker, and his associates, commencing on the 31st day of October, 1749. At this court George Swope, Patrick Watson and Walter Sharp were qual- ified as county commissioners. John Ab- bot, William Greer, John Blackburn, Baltzer Spangler, Michael Tanner and Samuel Craw- ford were qualified as township assessors.
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