History of York County, Pennsylvania : from the earliest period to the present time, divided into general, special, township and borough histories, with a biographical department appended, Part 61

Author: Gibson, John, Editor
Publication date: 1886
Publisher: F.A. Battey Publishing Co., Chicago
Number of Pages: 1104

USA > Pennsylvania > York County > History of York County, Pennsylvania : from the earliest period to the present time, divided into general, special, township and borough histories, with a biographical department appended > Part 61

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

spect all our woods and lands within the said county, and to seize, take up, and ap- propriate to our use all and every such wild colts or young horses, cattle, and swine, as shall be found within the bounds of said county, that are not marked by the owners of their dams, and are liable to be seized by law ; and also all marked strays for which no lawful owners can be found, that may be taken up in the said county, and to publish every such stray in the most public places in the said county for the space of one year, and also keeping some public mark of their being strays for the said space about them, hereby requiring you to sue and prosecute all persons presuming to act contrary to law in cutting down and destroying any of our timber, trees or wood, or that shall in any wise invade the powers hereby granted to you within the said county."

This commission of Chief Ranger induces us to transcribe a few passages connected therewith from the records of Quarter Ses- sions for the county.

" Moses Wallace of Chanceford Township, his marks for horses, cattle, sheep, swine, &c., a crop on the left ear, etc. Brand an I on the near shoulder and buttocks. April 25,1751."

" James Hetrick, his marks, a crop and slit on the off ear, and a slit in the ear. Brand, a fleur-de-luce, on the near buttocks. May 2, 1751."

"Alexander Creighton, Shrewsbury Town- ship, his brand for horses, etc. A C on the near buttocks ; and marks for cattle, sheep, swine, etc., a crop in the off ear, a half penny out of the forepart of the near ear. June 26,1751."

" The marks of Jacob Shetter's hogs and cattle ; the off ear cropt, and the near slit. Entered January 10, 1757."

County Surveyors .- The office of Surveyor General of the State was created by act of April 9, 1784. This office was empowered to appoint a deputy in any county of the State. The first appointment made for York County was Jacob Spangler, in 1800, who was many times reappointed and afterward elected surveyor-general. On April 9, 1850, an act was passed, making this an elective office. The first election was held in October, 1850. The county surveyor uuder the provisions of this act serves a term of three years. The following is a list of those elected by the people : Christian S. Gerber, 1850; Christian S. Gerber, 1853 ; Christian S. Gerber, 1856 ; Benjamin Leese, 1859 ; Benjamin Leese, 1862; Samuel N.

Bailey, 1865 ; Benjamin Leese, 1868 ; Ben- jamin Leese, 1871; William L. Keech, 1874 ; William T. Williams, 1877 ; William T. Williams, 1881 ; James H. Blasser, 1884.

THE FIRST COUNTY JAIL.

The laws of England were strictly carried out by our Provincial Government, hence it was not uncommon during the early history of our county courts, for criminals, convicted of crime, to be sentenced to undergo the excruciating punishment of the whipping- post and the pillory. Some were sold into temporary slavery. There were a few con- victs sentenced to the "county gaol " in 1750, during the second year after the establish- ment of county courts.

At the July session of court, 1768, the county commissioners, Joseph Updegraff, Hugh Dunwoodie, and William Gemmill, requested that the "county prison be en- larged, as it was too small for a work-house and prison, and the walls are not safe," whereupon the court ordered them to erect an additional building. It was erected of blue limestone, from quarries near York, the next year. The work was superintended by Will- iam Willis. It stood on the corner of South George and King Streets, familiarly known as "the old jail corner," was used until 1855, and torn down a few years later by Ambrose Schmidt, of York, now of Hanover, and ex-sheriff Pfahler.

THE PRESENT COUNTY JAIL.

The old prison became dilapidated, was too small for the demand and not at a suitable place, consequently in 1854, county commis- sioners, George Dick, John Myers and Felix C. Herbert entered into contracts for the erection of the present jail and work-house, with Jacob Gotwalt, of York. The sandstone in the front wall and in the tower, were furnished by Henry Kochenour, of Conewago Township. The blue limestone used was obtained from John Winter's quarry near York. Edward Haviland, of York, was the architect. The chief contractor let out sub-contracts for work to Peter and James McGuigan and William Gearing, of York. The rough stone- work was done by Joseph Foller, and the tower and sandstone work by a man from Harrisburg.

THE MAINTENANCE OF THE POOR.

The laws now in force in Pennsylvania for the maintenance of the poor and helpless, were borrowed in their leading features from those instituted in England in the reign of

306

HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.

Queen Elizabeth. They were introduced into the State by act of Assembly in 1771.

During our early colonial history the poor of each township were maintained by the people of the district, and "overseers of the poor, " one for each township, were ap- pointed by the court justices.

At a court of private sessions of the peace held at York, for York County, on March 26, 1750, in the twenty-third year of the reign of George II, before John Day, Thomas Cox, George Swope and Patrick Watson, Esqrs., the following named persons were appointed overseers of the poor for York County :

Yorktown, William Sinkler (Sinclair), and Michael Laub.

Hellam, Casper Williart and Peter Gard- ner.

Chanceford, Robert Morton, John Hill.

Fawn, Alexander McCandless, John Gor- don.

Shrewsbury, Hugh Montgomery, Hugh Low.

Codorus, Peter Dinkle, John Wothering.

Manchester, Peter Wolf, Valentine Crans (Krantz).

Newberry, Nathan Hussey, George Thau- ly.

Dover, Philip Couf, Andrew Spangler.

Warrington, William Griffith, George Grist.

Monaghan, James Carrothers, George Co- hoon.

Heidelberg, Peter Schultz, Andrew Schrei- ber.

Manheim, Samuel Bugdel, Solomon Miller. Paradise, Clement Studebaker, John Rode.

There were the same number of overseers ap- pointed for each of the townships in that por- tion of York County now embraced in Adams County. This system of appointing town- ship overseers of the poor is still in force in some counties of the State.

THE COUNTY ALMSHOUSE.

On February 6, 1804, the Legislature passed a special act which granted to the county commissioners power to levy a tax for the purpose of purchasing land and erecting thereon, and furnishing necessary buildings for the support and employment of the poor of the county. Under the pro- visions of this act, the following named persons were directed to fix upon the place for the erection of a poor house: Martin Gardner, Peter Small, Abraham Graffins, Daniel Spangler, of York borough; Henry Krieger, of Newberry Township, John Henei- sen, of Dover; Christian Hetrick, of Codorus;

Samuel Collins, of Lower Chanceford; Peter Storm, of the vicinity of Hanover. The site of the public common was determined upon as an eligible spot for the location of the county almshouse by these men, and they so reported on June 30, 1804. A conflict of claims arose concerning the right to this land, whereupon the Legislature was pe- titioned, and that body by special act, April 1, 1805, empowered the newly elected di- rectors of the poor (Daniel Spangler, Jacob Small and Martin Ebert), to determine upon a site as to them might appear eligible, and likewise to cause the erection of appropriate buildings. After short deliberation, on the 16th of April, the same year, they reported in writing that they had purchased the " Elm Spring Farm, "* a certain plantation and tract of land of and from Andrew Robinson, containing 132 acres and 156 perches, for the sum of £4,400 currency. On this tract is located the present county almshouse. The "Elm Spring, " surrounded by large elm trees, was long noted for the crystal beauty and excellent quality of water which it furnished to the early residents of that section. At the same time the directors pur- chased a tract of woodland two miles farther northeast, containing 150 acres and 17 perches, for £600.

In the summer of 1805 the first buildings were erected at a cost of $4, 761.54, and the poor of all the townships of the county re- moved thither in April, 1806.

A hospital building was erected of brick in 1828, at a cost of $7,800. A great deal of the labor in the construction of this building was done by the paupers; thus decreasing its cost. It was considered in those days a model of architecture. Jacob May was the mason, Messrs. Dietz and Straber, carpenters. The original almshouse and hospital build- ings, after various changes and needed im- provements are still standing. The first great improvements were made when George S. Morris, of York, was elected resident director. They have now all the best improvements necessary to such an institution. For neatness, cleanliness and efficient management, the present York County almshouse has an ex- cellent reputation. During the year 1885 ap- paratus for the purpose of heating by steam were introduced through all the buildings. A portion of the original "Elm Farm" tract

*The history of this farm is as follows: On October 17, 1766, Thomas Penn and Richard Penn granted a patent to John Hahn and Michael Haho for a tract called "Rigen," On the 4th of November John sold to Michael Hahn. On November 20 Michael Hahn sold to Mathias Sitler. On November 27, 1796, Sitler sold to George Bentz. On April 15, 1796, Bentz sold to Henry King. On March 2, 1802, King sold to Andrew Robin- son. In April, 1805, it passed to the directors of the poor.

307

ERECTION OF COUNTY.

was sold to a company on which was erected a rolling mill. A handsome new almshouse barn was burned down some years ago, and the present large and commodious one erected.

The first election of directors of the poor was held on October 9, 1804. The following is a list of the directors who served since that time, together with the years of their election: Daniel Spangler, 1804; Jacob Small, 1804; Martin Ebert, 1804; Jonathan Jessop, 1808; George Lottman, 1808; Martin Weiser, 1809; George Barnitz, 1810; Gotlieb Ziegle, 1812; Jacob Sheaffer, 1812; George Spangler, 1813; Philip Kissinger, 1814; Jacob Upp, 1815; Michael Welsh, 1816; William John- ston, 1817; Andrew Kramer, 1817; George Spangler, 1817; Thomas Taylor, 1818; John Fahs, 1819; Jacob Laucks, 1820; Michael Eurich. 1821; Henry Stover, 1822; Jacob Diehl, 1823; Clement Stillinger, 1824; Casper Laucks, 1825; John Strickler, 1826; Henry Smyser, 1827; John Emig, 1828; Henry Wolf, 1829; Alexander Small, 1830; Nich- olas Diehl, 1831; John Rieman, 1832; Christian Hildebrand, 1833; John W. Hetrick, 1836; Samuel Myers, 1837; John Lauer, 1838; William Strecher, 1839; Jacob Smyser, 1841; Martin Carl, 1842; Peter Peter, 1843; Daniel Loucks, 1844; T. W. Haller, 1845; Adam Free, 1846; Peter Wilt, 1847; George S. Morris, 1848; James Klinedinst, 1849; John Fahs, 1850; George Loucks of C., 1851; Peter Becker, 1852; William Spangler, 1853 ; Killian Small, 1854; Joseph Mc- Curdy, 1856; Charles Underwood, 1858; James Ross, 1859; William Stokes, 1860; David Small, 1861; James Ross, 1862; William Stokes, 1863; David Small, 1864; Henry Kochenour, 1865; William Kilgore, 1866; David Small, 1867; David Bentzel, 1868; William Kilgore, 1869; David Small, 1870; George Hamm, 1871; Samuel Hively, 1872; F. T. Scott, 1873; A. B. Reynolds, 1874; Mathias Reigart, 1875; John B. Say- ers, 1876; Adam Kohr, 1877; John Henry, 1878; William Gilberthorpe, 1879; Solomon Boyer, 1880; Isaac Hovis, 1881; Alexander Kidd, 1882; Andrew Bentz, 1883, Enos Hively, 1884.

The physicians of the hospital connected with the poor-house, have been the following gentlemen, in the order in which they stand, viz .- Dr. John Morris, Dr. Thomas Jameson, Dr. John Rouse, Dr. Martini, Dr. John Bentz, Dr. William McIlvaine, Dr. Luke Rouse, Dr. William McIlvaine, (a second time;) Drs. Jacob and Michael Hay; Drs. Mellvaine and Small, Dr. Alexander Small, Dr. John Fisher Drs. Haller and Luke Rouse, Dr. E. C. Pentz, Dr. M. J. Mckinnon, Dr. J. T. Perkins. Dr.

John Ahl, Dr. O. C. Brickley, Dr. Z. C. Myers.

COMMISSIONERS.

The office of county commissioner in York County has always been elective. At the first election held, there were three com- missioners chosen, who were divided into three classes, one of them to serve one year, one two years, and one three years. From 1749 to 1875, one commissioner was. elected annually, to serve for three years. The new constitution of 1873 provided for the elec- tion of three commissioners in 1875, and every third year the same number thereafter. This constitution also provides that the polit. ical party in the minority shall be entitled to one member of the board of commission- ers. The following is a list of the commis- sioners:

First Class. George Schaabe, qualified October 31, 1749; Bartholomew Maul, October 29, 1751 ; Peter Shugard, October, 1754; Martin Eichelberger, October, 1757 ; James Welsch, October, 1760; William Douglas, October, 1763 ; Joseph Updegraff, October, 1766 ; John Heckendorn, October 31, 1769 ; John Hay. October 20, 1772; Michael Hahn, October, 1775 ; William Ross, 1776-77 ; Philip Rothrock, October 30, 1778 ; Jacob Schmeiser, October 12, 1781 ; Michael Hahn, October 29, 1784 ; Godfrey Lenhart, October 29, 1787 ; John Spengler. October 26, 1790 ; Joseph Welshhans, Octo- ber 17, 1793 ; John Forsythe, December 6, 1796 ; Daniel Spengler, October 29, 1799 ; Christopher Lauman, October 16, 1802; Abraham Graffius, November 4, 1805 ; Jacob Heckert, November 7, 1808 ; Peter Small, November 5, 1811 ; Jacob Spengler, Novem- ber 2, 1814 ; John Barnitz, November 5, 1817; Michael Doudel, November 7, 1820 ; Henry Schmeiser, November, 1823 ; John Voglesong, November, 1826 ; Peter Ahl, No- vember, 1829 ; Jacob Dietz, November, 1832 ; Second Class. Walter Sharp, qualified October 31, 1749; William McClellan,* October 30, 1750 ; . John Mikel, October, 1752 ; Thomas M'Cartney, October 28, 1755 ; William Delap, October, 1758; George Meyers, October 31, 1761 ; Philip Ziegler, October, 1764 ; Hugh Dunwoodie, October, 1767 ; John Monteith, October 15, 1770 ; Henry Tyson, October 20, 1773 ; John Hay, October, 1776 ; John Sample, October, 1779 ; William Cochran, October 29, 1782 ; Robert

* As there was no return of an election in York County in 1750, the court continued the former commissioners ; but as Mr. Sharp had died, the surviving commissioners and the assessors elected Mr. Mcclellan in his place. Here, by the way, it may be remarked of George Schwaabe that he was requalified in October, 1750, for regularly his period of office had terminated.

308

HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.

Morrison, November 1, 1785; William MeClellan, * November 1, 1786; John Mor- row, October, 1791 ; Henry Welsh, October, 1794 ; John Edie, December 4, 1794; An- thony Hinkle, October 28, 1800 ; Robert Ram- sey, October 24, 1803 ; Christopher Hetrick, November 3, 1806 ; Fredrick Hoke, Novem- ber 7, 1809; John Kauffelt, November 2, 1812 ; Joseph Reed, November 7, 1815; Andrew Kitterman, November 2, 1818; Michael Newman, November 6, 1821 ; Mat- thew Clark, November, 1824 ; Philip Henise, November, 1827; William Patterson, No- vember, 1830 ; John Shultz, November, 1833. Third Class. Patrick Watson, qualified October 31, 1749; James Agnew, Octo- ber 30, 1753 ; Robert McPherson, October, 1756 ; John Frankelberger,f October, 31, 1758 ; John Adlum, October 30, 1759 ; Samuel Edie, October, 1762 ; Thomas Stoc- ton, October, 1765: William Gemmill, Octo- ber 27, 1768 ; William Nelson, October, 1792 ; James Black, October, 1795 ; James M'Candless, December 3, 1798 ; Samuel Nelson, October 26, 1801 ; Jacob Heckert,} November 10, 1802; Jacob Glancy, October 29. 1804 ; William Collins, November 6, 1807 ; John Klein, November 5, 1810 ; Peter Reider, November 2, 1813 ; Charles Emig, November 5, 1816 ; Stephen T. Cooper, No- vember 2, 1819 ; Peter Wolfhart, November, 1822; Charles Diehl, November, 1825 ; Daniel Kimmel, November, 1828 ; John W. Hetrick, § November, 1831 ; Samuel Harnish, 1833.

The date of the election is given in the fol- lowing list: John Beck, 1836; William Nich- olas, 1837; John Rieman, 1838; Jacob New- man, 1839; David Maish, 1840; Henry Logan, 1841; Valentine B. Wentz, 1842; Thomas Kerr, 1843; Joseph Detweiler, 1844; George Eich- elberger, 1845; Daniel Ginder, 1846; John Emig, 1847; John Moore, 1849; David Leber, 1850; Philip Sheffer, 1851; George Dick, 1852; Felix C. Herbert, 1853; John Myers, 1854; Aaron G. Blackford, 1855; Jesse Work- inger, 1856; Daniel Meisenhelder, 1857; Jacob

*Mr. Morrison removed from the county shortly after his election to office. To complete his term Mr. MeClellan was elected October 10, 1786; and when that term had expired, he was re-elected October 14, 1788, for three years, and was qualified on the 29th of the same month.

+Gen. Forbes in 1758, marched with an army from Phila- delphia and reduced Fort Du Quesne, which is now Pittsburgh. As Mr. McPherson joined him in this, as it was then called " Western Expedition," it was to supply his place as commis- sioner that Mr. Frankelberger was elected for one year.

tMr. Heckert was appointed till the next election to supply the place of Samuel Nelson, deceased ; he was nominated by the commissioners, and the nomination was assented to by the court.

¿John W. Hetrick, was, in 1833, appointed prothonotary, and the two other commissioners (Jacob Dietz and William Patterson), appointed Samuel Harnish to supply the vacancy until the ensuing election. At the election in 1833, Harnish was chosen to serve out the last year of the time for which Hetrick had been elected.

Greenfield, 1858; Adam Paules, 1859; Adam H. Smith, 1860; John Hyde, 1861; Henry Miller, 1862; John E. Anstine, 1863; Will- iam Reeser, 1864; Henry Hammond, 1865; Daniel Miller, 1866; William Wintermoyer, 1867; R. Duncan Brown, 1868; Peter Strick- houser, 1869; Lewis Strayer, 1870; Jacob Kohler, 1871; David Smyser, 1872; Michael Knisely, 1873; N. E. Leber, 1874; Thomas Platt, 1875: John Pfaltzgroff, 1875; John Beard, 1878; Jacob Lamotte, 1878 ; J. Klinedinst, 1878; Stephen Keefer, 1881; Charles Haines, 1881; Jacob S. Bentz, 1881; George Anthony, 1884; Henry Anstine, 1884; John F. Beck, 1884.

OLERKS TO THE COUNTY COMMISSIONERS.

This office was appointive from 1749 to 1871. A special act of the Legislature was approved May 16, 1871, providing for the election of one clerk to the county commis- sioners; to be elected every second year, and serve at $1,000 per annum. The following is a list of clerks from 1749 to 1885:

John Reed, appointed, 1749; John Red- dick, 1757; Henry Harris, 1757; William Leas, 1764; John Morris, 1776; George Lewis Leoffler, 1780; Jacob Spangler, 1792; Peter Spangler, 1815; George W. Spangler, 1823; Daniel Small, 1829; John W. Hetrick, -; Christian S. Picking, - -; John M. Heiges, -; Amos Shearer, -; Emanuel S. Smith, -; Edward D. Zeigler, elected, October, 1871; Emanuel S. Smith, 1873; Samuel A. Firestone, 1875; Samuel A. Fire- stone, 1877; Frank G. Metzgar, 1879; A. Duncan Thompson, 1881; A. Duncan Thomp- son, 1883.

County Auditors .- The board of county auditors is composed of three members. Up to the year 1809 they were appointed by the judges of the court. An act providing for the annual election of three auditors was passed by the Legislature, March 16, 1809. By a special act of 1814 the law was modified as to require the election of one new auditor annually thereafter. The constitution of 1873 provided for the election of three audi- tors in 1875, and the same number every third year thereafter, the minority party in politics to be represented by one auditor: John M. Anderson, 1836; Adam Paules, 1838; S. McKinley, 1839; Jacob Miller, 1840; Matthias Nes, 1841; Samson Smith, 1842; Jacob F. Krone, 1843; Joseph Hart- man, 1844; Edie Patterson, 1845; George Klugh, 1846; Felix C. Herbert, 1847; J. Gehley, 1848; John Reeser, 1849; William Snodgrass, 1850; James Fulton, 1851; James Ross, 1852-53; John S. Keech,

309

ERECTION OF COUNTY.

1854; Anthony Dessenberg, 1855; Ezra May, 1856; Z. B. Heindel, 1857; Henry Brubaker, 1858; J. W. Landis, 1859; Calvin Ritchey, 1860; Samuel Newman, 1861; Abraham Klinefelter, 1862; Charles Smith, 1862; Elijah Garrettson, 1864; William B. Mor- row, --; John W. Landis, 1865; David Gemmill, 1866; J. B. Pfaltzgroff, 1867, John Seiffert, 1868; John Heidelbaugh, 1869; Henry Rudy, 1870; Jacob Altland, 1871; William H. Croll, 1872; 1873; Jeremiah Brown, 1874; Andrew Maffet, 1875; Wentel Gross, 1875; John Stallman, 1875; Thomas Brubaker, 1878; Henry J. Deitch, 1878; J. W. Lamison, 1878; T. B. McDon- ald, 1881; William Kunkle, 1881; William Douglas, 1881; William H. Croll, 1884; George W. Evans, 1884; Jesse S. Crone, 1884.

JURY COMMISSIONERS.

The office of jury commissioners was cre- ated hy a general act of Legislature, passed April 10, 1867. Before this time the jurors for the trial of cases before the different courts were selected by the sheriff and the county commissioners from the qualified voters of the county. The first election in York County for jury commissioners was held in October, 1867, when, under the provisions of the act, two persons were selected for a term of three years, and the same number to succeed them at the end of every third year. They are to select a number of names desig- nated by the court and then place them in a jury wheel in the presence of one of the judges of the court. Grand, petit, and tra- verse jurors are thus drawn by the sheriff and jury commissioners.

MERCANTILE APPRAISERS.

From 1749 to 1846, nearly 100 years, only dealers in imported goods were required, under the then existing laws, to take out a county license, in order that they might sell their merchandise. By act of April 22, 1846, all dealers in goods, wares, and merchandise, were required to take out a county license, and under this act the county commissioners were empowered to appoint a mercantile ap- praiser yearly whose duty it is to assess and classify all dealers, and furnish a list of them to the county treasurer.

SHERIFFS.

The English laws introduced into the Province of Pennsylvania in 1676 provided that justices of the peace should nominate three persons within their jurisdiction, one of whom the governor may appoint a sheriff to serve for one year. Under the "Charter

of Privileges" granted by William Penn to his new province in 1701, the inhabitants of each county were authorized to choose two persons to present to the proprietary for the office of sheriff, one of whom should be commis- sioned by him to serve for three years. This law was in force until the first State consti- tution was adopted in 1776. This prescribed that two persons should be elected annually in each county, and one of them selected to be sheriff by the president of the State. Under the constitution of 1790 elections were also held, but the term was extended to three years, and the commission issued by the governor. No person was allowed to serve two terms in succession. Under these con- stitutions, it frequently happened that the one who received the lowest number of votes was commissioned. The amended constitution of 1838 provided that but one person should be elected, and under the constitution of 1873 there is no change.

Hance Hamilton became the first sheriff of York County, assuming the duties of office at the first session of the York County Court, which opened October 31, 1749.

THE RIOT AT THE ELECTION IN 1750.

At the election held in October, 1750, a serious riot ensued between the supporters of Hance Hamilton and Richard McAllister, the two candidates for the office. The former lived in the present vicinity of Gettys- burg, and was urgently supported by the Scotch-Irish, the latter lived at the present site of Hanover, which town he afterward founded, and although a Scotch-Irishman himself, was the candidate of the Germans. The whole county, which then included the present territory of Adams County, was one election district. The voting place on this occasion was at the unfinished public inn of Baltzer Spangler in the town of York. The votes were received through the opening be- tween two logs of the building. The dif- ferent clans came riding on horseback into the then small village of York, in squads from the north, the east, the south and west. Some of them rode a distance of twenty-five or more miles, for the purpose of enjoying the elective franchise on this important occasion. The forenoon passed without any disturbance, but by the noon hour, hundreds of gallant fron- tiersmen, nearly every one born on foreign soil, speaking two different languages, and repre- senting four nationalities, after partaking of a meal at one of the six public houses of en- tertainment in the frontier town of York, or as was much the custom in those days, sat by the banks of the Codorus, and ate a cold din-

310

HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.

ner of victuals they brought with them, with great determination and impetuosity began to clamor for their favorite candidates, and crowd around the voting place. McAllister's Germans, marshalled by their audacious leader, were bold and defiant, and the impetu- ons Scotch-Irish were at first equally deter- mined and demonstrative.

Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.

History of York County, Pennsylvania : from the earliest period to the present time, divided into general, special, township and borough histories, with a biographical department appended, Part 61

Author: Gibson, John, Editor Publication date: 1886 Publisher: F.A. Battey Publishing Co., Chicago Number of Pages: 1104

Author: Gibson, John, Editor
Publication date: 1886
Publisher: F.A. Battey Publishing Co., Chicago
Number of Pages: 1104