USA > Pennsylvania > Jefferson County > Jefferson County, Pennsylvania : her pioneers and people, 1800-1915, Volume I > Part 31
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The German population of Pennsylvania was largely increased by the addition of almost
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five thousand German ( Hessian) soldiers, who deserted from the German army at the close of the Revolution and remained in the States, and "scattered among their countrymen throughout Pennsylvania." Many of our present good people are descendants of these Hessians. The opprobrious name of "Hes- sian mercenaries" has preserved to the present time the infamy of George III in hiring from more infamous German princes about thirty thousand of their poor subjects to make war upon his own countrymen in the American colonies. The enslaved Germans who were hired to the British king were in no sense to blame, but rather to be greatly pitied for the part they unwillingly played in our Revolu- tionary struggle. That many of them con- cluded to remain in Pennsylvania and settle among their countrymen is of itself sufficient evidence of their own love of liberty and of their detestation of the conduct of the princes by whom they had been held in bondage. Diffenderffer says that the exact number of the Germans who were sent to America as soldiers of George III was 29,867, of whom 17,313 returned to Europe in the autumn of 1783, leaving 12,554 who did not return, divided as follows : Killed and died of wounds. 1,200; died of illness and accidents, 6,354; deserted, 5,000, of whom nearly all settled in Pennsylvania. They were called Hessians because they came from the Hessian State of Germany. Mr. Diffenderffer gives the follow- ing additional details: "The Landgrave of Hesse Cassel sent in all 16,992 men, more than one half of the entire number that came over. The Landgrave made the best bargain with England of all the German princes. He got £7 4s. 41/2d. for every man and an annual sub- sidy of £108,281 5s., the same to be continued for one year after the return of the soldiers. In addition he insisted on being paid an old claim arising out of the Seven Years' war, but which England had disallowed up to that time ; it amounted to £41,820 14s. 5d. He was the worst of the lot." ( From "Progressive Penn- sylvania.")
Hessian soldiers when taken prisoners were sold to farmers and manufacturers. In the accounts of Robert Coleman, an ironmaker of Lancaster county, Pa., who cast cannon and shot for the Continental army, appears an entry : "By cash, being the value of 42 Ger- man prisoners of war at £30 each, £1,260." Another entry reads: "By cash, being the value of 28 German prisoners of war at £30 each, £840."
Of Jefferson county pioneers the following
were in the Revolutionary war: Joseph and Andrew Barnett, Elijah Graham and Joel Clarke, and Fudge Van Camp, a colored man.
WAR WITH FRANCE
The second war in which the United States engaged was the war with France, a naval con- flict entirely, which began July 9, 1798, and closed September 30, 1800. The Americans won every battle. Men, 4.593.
WAR WITH TRIPOLI
Our third war, with Tripoli, was also con- fined to naval operations. It was carried on for four years, June 10, 1801, to June 4, 1805. Men, 3,330. The Americans won every battle.
WAR OF 1812
The fourth war, which commenced June 18. 1812, and lasted until Feb. 17, 1815, is known as the War of 1812. American troops employed, 527,654; British troops employed, 81,502; American losses, killed and wounded. 5,877 : British losses, killed and wounded, 9,023. Though the American navy had but twelve vessels at the outbreak of the war, and England had one thousand. the Americans were victorious in twelve of the fifteen battles fought on the sea. Americans killed, 1,233. American privateermen in this war captured 1,345 vessels and took prisoners twenty-five thousand British sailors and soldiers, and Commodore Perry wiped a whole fleet of the British navy off the waters of the earth, the first time it ever had been done.
In the War of 1812 we gained a very sub- stantial victory over the British at Plattsburg : drove the British from the field on the Niagara frontier ; the raw militia decisively defeated the British attempt to capture Baltimore ; General Harrison with his militia forces de- feated the British at Fort Meigs and Fort Stephenson, and absolutely crushed the British and Indians at the battle of the Thames.
This war cost the country $107,159,003.
Pennsylvania Militia which marched over the old State road through Brookville and within treo miles of where Reynolds- ville nowe stands on its way to Eric
George Washington never passed through any portion of Jefferson county with soldiers ; neither did Colonel Bird, who was stationed at Fort Augusta in 1756. In 1814, early in the
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spring, a detachment of soldiers under com- mand of Maj. William McClelland, traveled through our county, over the old State road (Bald Eagle's Nest and Le Boeuf road) to Erie. They encamped at Soldiers' Run, in what is now Winslow township, rested at Port Barnett for four days, and encamped over night at the "four-mile" spring, on what is now the Afton farm. Elijah M. Graham was impressed with his two "pack-horses" into their service, and was taken as far as French Creek, now in Venango county. These soldiers were Pennsylvania volunteers and drafted men, and were from Franklin county. Major MeClelland, with his officers and men, passed through where Brookville now is. Three detachments of troops left Franklin county during the years 1812-14 at three dif- ferent times, one by way of Pittsburgh, one by way of Baltimore, and the last one through this wilderness.
Upon the arrival of these troops at Erie they were put into the Fifth Regiment of the Pennsylvania troops, commanded by Col. James Fenton, of that regiment, the whole army being under the command of Maj. Gen. Jacob Brown. These soldiers did valiant service against the British. They fought in the desperate battles of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane, on July 5th and 25th of the year 1814.
In the early part of the year 1814. the general government having made a call upon the State of Pennsylvania for more troops, Gov. Simon Snyder, about the beginning of February of that year, ordered a draft for one thousand men from the counties of York, Adams, Franklin and Cumberland, Cumber- land county to raise five hundred men and the other counties the balance. The quota of Franklin county was ordered to assemble at Loudon on the Ist of March, 1814. What was its exact number I have not been able to ascertain.
At that time Captain Samuel Dunn, of Path Valley, had a small volunteer company under his command, numbering about forty men. These, I am informed, volunteered to go as part of the quota of the county, and were accepted. Drafts were then made to furnish the balance of the quota, and one full company of drafted men, under the command of Capt. Samuel Gordon, of Waynesburg, and one partial company, under command of Capt. Jacob Stake, of Lurgan township, were organ- ized, and assembled at Loudon in pursuance of the orders of the Governor. There the command of the detachment was assumed by Maj. William McClelland, brigade inspector
of the county, who conducted it to Erie. It moved from Loudon on the 4th of March, and was twenty-eight days in reaching Erie. According to Major McClelland's report on file in the auditor general's office at Harris- burg, it was composed of one major, three cap- tains, five lieutenants, two ensigns and two hundred and twenty-one privates.
Capt. Jacob Stake lived along the foot of the mountain, between Roxbury and Stras- burg. He went as captain of a company of drafted men as far as Erie, at which place his company was merged into those of Captains Dunn and Gordon, as the commissions of those officers antedated his commission and there were not men enough in their companies to fill them up to the required complement.
MEXICAN WAR
The fifth war in which the United States engaged was that with Mexico, declared April 12. 1846. It ended July 4, 1848. American troops employed, 104,284; American losses, killed in action, 1,777 (one being from Jeffer- son county ) ; died of wounds, 954; died of disease, 16,054, making a total loss of 18,785. Cost of war. $74,000,000.
CIVIL WAR, 1861-1865
In the Civil war no State was better repre- sented upon the battlefield than Pennsylvania. She sent to the front one soldier out of every eight of military age, and lost more killed in battle than any other State, viz. : 15,265 killed, and 17,918 died of disease, as prisoners of war, accidents, etc., total, 33,183. The total cost in money is estimated at $8.500,000,000.
The aggregate number of men raised by the government for the Union armies from 1861 to 1865 reached over two million, thirty-six thousand soldiers, and if we add to this the Confederate forces there is a grand aggregate of four million of men, the largest force ever put on a war footing in any one country in any age of the world. Over six hundred thousand ninety-days men served in the Union army. The number of battles and skirmishes in the course of the war is estimated at six thousand, five hundred.
Ages of Enlisted Soldiers
There were twenty-five enlistments at ten years of age ; thirty-eight at eleven years; two hundred and twenty-five at twelve years ; three hundred at thirteen years; one hundred and
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JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
five thousand at fourteen and fifteen years ; one hundred and twenty-six thousand at sixteen years; three hundred and seven thou- sand at seventeen years; one million, nine thousand at seventeen to twenty-one years ; twenty-one and over, one hundred and eighteen thousand.
Marching Equipment
Our soldiers usually carried on the march sixty-two pounds, viz .: gun, bayonet, cart- ridge box, cap box, haversack, canteen. knap- sack, one fourth of the shelter tent, blanket, overcoat, three to five days' rations, frying pan, tin cup, knife, fork and spoon.
On each of the wagons that followed the Army of the Potomac was plainly marked the badge of the brigade and division it be- longed to, and what it carried, whether am- munition, or forage, or rations, and the kind.
The army was to march and fight on "light rations." The beef to be consumed was for- warded on foot. A soldier's ration was eight- een pounds. Each one carried a three-days' supply. Each soldier's three days' food, his blanket, overcoat, canteen, gun and fifty rounds of ammunition weighed about thirty- five pounds. Thus the one hundred thousand infantry soldiers carried over sixteen hundred tons on their backs. Estimating the ration for each man at one and eight-tenths pounds, and the army at one hundred and twenty-five thousand, the food consumed daily was 112 tons, not counting beef.
Grant says in his Memoirs that his wagon train would have reached from the Rapidan to Richmond, sixty-five miles. The number of wagons provided for this forward movement of the army was four thousand, three hundred, and of ambulances eight hundred and thirty- five. If they had been placed in a single column, allowing seventy-five feet for each vehicle, the column would have been seventy- five miles long. The horses and muiles re- quired to haul these wagons and ambulances, with those of the cavalry, and ridden by officers, numbered fifty-six thousand, five hun- (red. If they had been led in single file, giving each one ten feet of space, they would have made a procession one hundred and seven miles long. Forage for these animals, allow- ing each one ten pounds, required two hundred and eighty-two tons a day.
During the war dolls were made the means of conveying various articles through the lines of the enemy. All sorts of drugs and even
war dispatches were successfully carried in this way, for it was a long time before suspicions became aroused by so innocent looking a play- thing carried tenderly in the arms of the little maiden of the day. But after a while the doll had to go through as severe an examination as any suspect.
Lobscouse
What old soldier is there of any of the . "marching regiments" that does not know how to prepare a mess of lobscouse? That was indeed one of the "first duties of a soldier." Nor were the utensils to make it many. If you possessed one of those little army frying pans you were of the fortunate few. If not, everyone had a tin plate, or could get half a canteen. The only other article needed was that faithful old "coffee boiler." Battered and smoke-stained though it was from long service, yet was it the most precious of all our limited cooking kit. In fact, the articles named above comprised our sole and only culinary outfit.
"Go back to the noonday halt, after a long half day's march through heat and dust, when the welcome order was given, "half an hour for dinner." There was no time to waste. Wood and water must be obtained before that anticipated mess of lobscouse could be pre- pared. You and your "bunkey" at once started out, you for wood, he with the two canteens for water. A nearby rail fence would gen- erally supply the wood, but one seldom knew where water was to be' found. I never knew how that water was found, but in some way it always was found, and by the time the fire was started "bunkey" came back with full can- teens. First came a good drink, then you poured some water over the broken-up hard- tack in the coffee boilers. Next you fried what vou considered to be a ration of salt pork; when that was done, emptied the soaked crackers into the frying pan and set it on the coals; next put a liberal quantity of coffee into the "boiler," fill with water and set by the side of the fire. By the time the coffee had boiled the lobscouse was done, and you sat down on mother earth to enjoy your well- earned meal. Such was our unvaried diet from one month to another, year in and year' out. I believe no comrade will doubt the asser- tion that lobscouse. under some one of its various names, constituted his only meal nine times out of ten. This, of course, applies to troops in the field.
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ROSTER OF JEFFERSON COUNTY SOLDIERS
Scarce had the gun fired upon Sumter April 12, 1861, ceased its vibrations when the hardy sons of Jefferson county volun- teered to defend the flag, assaulted by Rebel hands. Two companies were soon raised for the first three months' service, and to every call for troops thereafter "Little Jefferson" responded nobly, until she had enrolled over two thousand four hundred men. Of these eight hundred sixty-seven were in the One Ilundred and Fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers. and three hundred and twenty-two were emer- gency men. The balance served in the Eleventh Pennsylvania Reserve, the Sixty- second, Sixty-seventh, One Hundred and Thirty-fifth, One Hundred and Forty-eighth. Two Hundred and Eleventh and Two Hun- dred and Sixth Regiments, in the different cavalry regiments, the Eighteenth United States Infantry, the United States Sharp- shooters, Jefferson county being represented in eighteen different organizations.
The population of the county in 1860 was 18,270, so that thirteen and one-half per cent. went into the service.
It can be said of the people of Jefferson county that they promptly responded to every draft, and in no instance was there the least resistance offered to the officers in the dis- charge of their duty. This submission to the will of the administration, and acquiescence in the plan for filling up the army, which the exigencies of the service demanded, did not prevail in all portions of the country.
The following record of regiments and roster of soldiers shows how well Jefferson county did her part :*
Companies L and K. Eighth Pennsylvania Reg- iment, Three Months Volunteers
The first soldiers from Jefferson county to enter the Union service were Companies I and K, Eighth Regiment, Pennsylvania Troops, who volunteered for three months. They were mustered in April 24, 1861, and mustered out July 20, 1861. The regiment was commanded by Col. A. H. Emley. The muster roll follows :
Company I .- Captain, Amor A. MeKnight ; first lieutenant, John Hastings; second lieu- tenant. Herman Kretz; first sergeant, William J. Clyde; sergeants, Albert C. Thompson.
Abram M. Hall, Winfield S. Barr ; corporals, Steele S. Williams, Richard J. Espy. William J. Bair ; musicians, James 1. Holliday, George Bowdish. Privates, Samuel Anderson, Albert Black, Fernando C. Bryant, Milo I .. Bryant, Samuel Benner, Joseph Bowdish, Sylvanus T. Covill, Josiah Clingersmith, Samuel Alfred Craig, Niman Chitester. Daniel N. Coe. Wil- liam T. Clark, Simon P. Cravener, Samuel W. Depp. John Darrow. John Dolphin, John El- liot, Henry B. Fox, Horace Fails, John L. Gilbert, Lorenzo S. Garrison, Leonard .1. Groover, John S. Gallagher, Robert Gilmore, George W. Ilettrick, Samuel Hibler, James Hall, Thomas L. Hall, Randall Hart, Paul HIettrick, Robert A. Henry, Joseph B. Hen- derson, Jared Jones, Wellington Johnston. Daniel Kinley, Thomas Long, Wilmarth Mat- son, James 11. Moore, Joseph K. Murphy, Robert S. McCauley. David H. Mccullough, James Moorhead, Levi McFadden, Shannon McFadden, Elijah Mc. Aninch, George Ohls, William Osman, John Prevo, William N. Pierce, John W. Pearshall, Robert J. Robinson. John Stivers, Francis II. Steck, Thaddeus C. Spottswood, William Toye, Alex. R. Taylor. Gustavus Verbeck, Robert Warner. Joseph N. Wachob, Amos Weaver, Mark H. Williams, Alexander C. White, Hiram Warner.
Company K .- Captain, William W. Wise ; first lieutenant, John C. Dowling ; second lieu- tenant. Wilson Keys: first sergeant. Samuel C. Arthurs; sergeants, John Coon, Benjamin Lerch, Orlando H. Brown; corporals, John Cummins, J. Potter Miller, Charles J. Wil- son, Franklin Rea ; musicians, David Dickey, James Campbell. Privates, William Adams, Sydney Armstrong. David Bates, Rowan M. Bell, Lafayette Burge, Ed. H. Baum, James Baldwin, Thomas Baird, David Baldwin, Darius Blose, Asaph M. Clarke, Frank W. Clark, Andrew Christie, Samuel H. Coon, Charles B. Coon, George W. Crosby, William P. Confer, Isaac Currier, Lewis Diabler, Ben- jamin Diabler, James C. Dowling. John B. Deacon, Chris. D. Fleck, Lewis Gaup, Wil- liam George, Wort Gaffield, Henry Hawthorn, George Hawthorn, Archibald Hadden, Ben- jamin Harvey, Peter Keck, Andrew Love, James W. Logan, Samuel May, Hiram Mc- Aninch, Harvey MeAninch, Samuel H. Mit- chell, William Neill, Judson J. Parsons. David Porter, George Porter, Henry Page. Burdett Riggs, Daniel Rhodes, Franklin Rumbarger, James Robinson, Adam \. Rankin, William Smathers, Addis M. Shugert, Salumiel and David Swineford, Wm. W. Sheets, Chauncey Shaffer, David A. Taylor, Philip P. Taylor.
* Quoted matter from Kate M. Scott's History of Jefferson County, Pennsylvania.
/
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JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
Frank Van Overbeck, Barton B. Welden, Sam- uel Wilson, James 11. Wilson, Francis M. Whiteman, Oliver P. Woods, William E. Young, Stephen R. Young.
Company K, Eleventh Regiment Pennsylvania Reserves
"It was soon seen that the war cloud had assumed more gigantic proportions than was at first anticipated, and that more than three months would elapse before the rebellion would be quelled. Capt. Evans R. Brady, editor of the Brookville Jeffersonian, at once, upon the call for troops, had begun to recruit a company, but the quota was filled before his company was ready. In the meantime Governor Curtin, with the promptness that characterized him all through the trying days of the war, and which gained for him the name of 'War Governor,' had convened the legis- lature in special session and recommended the immediate organization, arming, and dis- ciplining of at least fifteen regiments for State defense. The legislature promptly acted on this suggestion of the executive, and on the 15th of May, 1861, passed an act providing for the organizing of the 'Reserve Corps of the Commonwealth,' to consist of thirteen regiments of infantry, one of cavalry, and one of artillery. Two days after the passage of this act, Governor Curtin issued a call for troops to fill these regiments, stating that the companies to be furnished by the several coun- ties would be proportionate to the number of men already in the service from each county. Under the previous call hundreds of con- panies had been formed in excess of the num- ber called for by the war department, and there was a rush to get into the new organiza- tions as soon as the governor's call was issued.
"Captain Brady had gone on recruiting his company, and by the middle of May had enough men enrolled to form two companies, so that they were divided into Companies A and B. Company A was organized by select- ing as captain, Evans R. Brady ; first lieu- tenant, James P. George ; second lieutenant, James E. Long. Company B organized by selecting for their captain Robert R. Means. Captain Brady proceeded to Harrisburg to have these companies accepted, but found that only one company could be received in the Reserves from Jefferson county. Company B was afterwards Company I of the Sixty- second Pennsylvania Volunteers.
"During their three years' service the Eleventh took part in fifteen battles-Me-
chanicsville, Gaines's Mill, New Market Cross Roads, Malvern Hill, Bull Run, South Moun- tain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Bristoe Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House, North Anna and Bethesda Church.
"Lieut. J. P. George was promoted to cap- tain April 10, 1863, and resigned August 10, 1863. Lieuts. J. E. Long and Cyrus Butler also having resigned, Lieut. Edward Scofield was promoted to captain of Company K Novem- ber 17, 1863. Captain Scofield, while in com- mand of his company, was taken prisoner in the Wilderness May 5, 1864, and was held by the Rebels for ten months, in which time he was successively incarcerated in nine different prisons. He was released at Wilmington, N. C., March 1, 1865, and discharged from the service March 12, 1865. Just nine months after his company was mustered out, March 13, 1865, he was breveted major.
"William D. Knapp, James A. McKillip and George Ittle, of the same company, were also taken prisoners at the battle of the Wil- derness and confined at Andersonville, where they saw two of their comrades, Henry Reigle and Calvin Galbraith, die of starvation. While being removed to Millen they, with some other prisoners, cut a hole in the car and, jumping from the train, escaped, and after undergoing untold privations, with the aid of the friendly negroes finally reached Sherman's army, which they accompanied to Savannah, and, their time having expired, returned home.
"The death roll of Company K is as fol- lows: Died, Jackson Crisswell, at George- town, D. C .; Giles Skinner, at Camp Pierpont ; Thomas Hughes, at Washington, D. C .; John D. S. McAnulty, in Camp Hospital; George R. Ward and John Uplinger, of wounds, at Fortress Monroe ; Isaac G. Monks, of wounds. at Fortress Monroe; Sylvester Mckinley, of wounds, Levi MeFadden, at Washington ; William Coulter, at Fredericksburg; Henry Reigle, Calvin Galbraith, at Andersonville ; James Montgomery, Lewis S. Newberry, at Richmond; John B. Clough, of wounds, at Alexandria; Sergeant Andrew J. Harl. died at Indiana, Pa., on his way home: William Chamberlain, of wounds, at Richmond ; Joseph S. Bovard, of wounds ; Reuben Weaver, John Reif, John Sheasley, Aiken's Landing ; James Gallagher, Baltimore. Killed, Capt. E. R. Brady, South Mountain ; Winfield S. Taylor, M. L. Boyington, Horatio Morey, Davis De- Haven, at Gaines's Mill; William Clark, Al- bert L. Brown, Perry Welch, at Antietam ; Madison A. Travis, J. A. C. Thom, Thomas
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JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
F. Rush, at Fredericksburg : Milo L. Bryant. at Wilderness ; Thomas C. Lucas, at Bethesda Church.
Members of Company K, Eleventh P. R. C., transferred to other organizations: Cor- poral Lemuel Dobbs, transferred to Nineteenth Regiment U. S. C. T .; Private Perry .1. Fos- ter, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps ; Private Thomas E. Love, transferred to Vet- eran Reserve Corps; Private James P. Wil- liams, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps ; Private Barton Nicholson, transferred to One Hundred and .Fifth Regiment P. V. Trans- ferred to Company I, One Hundred and Nine- tieth Regiment P. V .: Elijah Bish, Alpheus C. Cochran, Othoniel Davis. L. A. Gruver. Joseph P. Miller, David Montgomery, Wil- liam Steel, Thomas W. Salada, A. W. Perrin, H. S. Wyant. The two last-named were cap- tured and died at Salisbury. North Carolina.
"The muster roll of the company is as fol- lows: Captains. Evans R. Brady, James P. George, Edward Scofield; first lieutenant, Harvey H. Clover ; second lieutenants, James E. Long. Cyrus Butler; first sergeants, An- drew J. Harl, Arch. M. McKillep, James El- liott, William W. Ossawandel; sergeants. Daniel L. Swartz, Thomas P. McCrea, John H. Miller, Bennewell Haugh, David C. K. Levan, Calvin Galbraith; corporals, Lemuel D. Dodds, Joshua Jones, John Uplinger, John Baker, Thomas A. Lucas. T. I. Hall. Benja- min McClellan. R. Wilson Ramsey, Job M. Carley. Privates, Samuel Alexander, William G. Algeo, Cornelius J. Adams, John H. . Alt. Elijah Bish, Albert L. Brown. M. L. Boying- ton, Joseph S. Bovard, Milo L. Bryant. James .A. Blair, Martin V. Briggs, Enos A. Cornell. John Cuddy, William Cathcart. Jesse Crav- ener, A. C. Cochran, Jackson Crisswell, Wil- liam Coulter, William Clark, William Cham- berlain, John B. Clough, John W. Carr. Sam- uel Donley. Othoniel Davis, Davis DeHaven. John Engle, William Eisle, Solomon Fitzger- ald, Perry \. Foster, Samuel A. Gordon, Joseph C. Gibson, 1 .. A. Gruver, James Galla- gher. William Hoffman, Clark B. Haven, David R. Ilurst, Thomas Hughes, George Ittle, William A. Johnson, William D. Knapp, William Kelly. Ed. G. Kirkman, Michael . King, Thomas E. Love, William F. Loomis, J. A. Montgomery, Orville T. Minor, John McMillen, James Il. Mvers, William J. Mills, John A. McGuire, 11. W. MeKillip. William Morrison, James 11. McKillip, Joseph P. Mil- ler, David Montgomery, Horatio R. Morey, J. D. S. McAnulty, Israel G. Monks, Sylvester Mckinley, Levi B. MeFadden, J. Montgom-
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