USA > Pennsylvania > Jefferson County > Jefferson County, Pennsylvania : her pioneers and people, 1800-1915, Volume I > Part 8
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On March 27, 1872, Pennsylvania enacted a local option law, and repealed it April 12. 1875.
On the second Tuesday of October, 1873, the fourth and present State Constitution was ratified.
In May, 1876, the Centennial exhibition opened at Philadelphia.
In 1885 the fence law was repealed.
On June 18, 1889, an election was held in the State to adopt prohibition. It was lost by a majority of 188,026, thirty-six counties against, twenty-three for it.
In June, 1900, the Republicans met in Phil- adelphia and renominated Mckinley for president, with Theodore Roosevelt for vice president.
In 1903 the State Highway Department was established.
Until 1799 Philadelphia was the capital of Pennsylvania. By the act of April 3, 1799. Lancaster became the capital on the first Mon- day of November, 1799. On February 21, 1810, an act was approved requiring that the offices of the State government, during the month of October, 1812, be moved to Harris- burg, which, by said act, was fixed and de- clared to be the seat of government. On February 7, 1812, a supplement was passed to this act providing that the removal should be made in April, 1812, and, accordingly, the offices were removed about April 1, 1812, and Harrisburg from that time has continued to be the capital of the State. The old capitol, built in 1819-20, burned February 2, 1897.
JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
GOVERNORS OF TIJE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
Name
Term of Service
Born
Died
Under the Constitution of 1790
Thomas Mifflin.
Dec. 21, 1790-Dec. 17, 1799
Jan. 10, 1744
Jan. 20, 1800
Thomas Mckean.
Dec. 17, 1799-Dec. 20, 1808
Mar. 19, 1734
June 24, 1817
Simon Snyder ..
Dec. 20, 1808-Dec. 16, 1817
Nov. 5. 1759
Nov. 9, 1819
William Findlay
Dec. 16, 1817-Dec. 19, 1820
June 20, 1768
Nov. 12, 1846
Joseph Hiester.
Dec. 19, 1820-Dec. 16, 1823
Nov. 18, 1752
June 10, 1832
John Andrew Schulze
Dec. 16, 1823-Dec. 15, 1829
July 19, 1775
Nov. 18, 1852
George Wolf
Dec. 15, 1829-Dec. 15, 1835
Aug. 12, 1777
Mar. 1I, 1840
Joseph Ritner.
Dec. 15, 1835-Jan. 15, 1839
Mar. 25, 1780
Oct. 16, 1869
Under the Constitution of 1838
David Rittenhouse Porter
Oct. 31, 1788
Aug. 6, 1867
Francis Rawn Shunk.
Aug. 7, 1788
July 20, 1848
William Freame Johnston*
Nov. 29, 1808
Oct. 25, 1872
William Bigler
Jan. 20, 1852-Jan. 16, 1855
Jan. 11, 1814
Aug. 9, 1880
James Pollock.
Jan. 16, 1855-Jan. 19, 1858
Sept. 11, 1810
Apr. 19, 1890
William Fisher Packer
Jan. 19, 1858-Jan. 15, 1861
Apr. 2, 1807
Sept. 27, 1870
Andrew Gregg Curtin.
Jan. 15, 1861-Jan. 15, 1867
Apr. 22, 1817
Oct. 7, 1894
John White Geary ..
Jan. 15, 1867-Jan. 21, 1873 Jan. 21, 1873-Jan. 18, 1876
Dec. 16, 1830
Oct. 17, 1889
Under the Constitution of 1873
John Frederick Hartranft
Jan. 18, 1876-Jan. 21, 1870
Dec. 16, 1830
Oct. 17, 1889
Henry Martyn Hoyt.
Jan. 21, 1879-Jan. 16, 1883
June 8, 1830
Dec.
1, 1892
Robert Emory Pattison
Jan. 16, 1883-Jan. 18, 1887
Dec. 8, 1850
Aug. 1, 1904
James Addams Beaver
Jan. 18, 1887-Jan. 20, 1891
Oct. 21, 1837
Jan. 31, 1914
Robert Emory Pattison.
Jan. 20, 1891-Jan. 15, 1895
Dec. 8, 1850
Aug. 1, 1904
Daniel Hartman Hastings
Jan. 15, 1895-Jan. 17, 1899
Feb. 26, 1849
Tan. 9, 1903
William A. Stone.
Jan. 17, 1899-Jan. 20, 1903
Apr. 18, 1846
Living
Samuel W. Pennypacker
Jan. 20, 1903-Jan. 15, 1907
Apr. 0, 1843
Deceased
Edwin S. Stuart.
Jan. 15, 1907-Jan. 17, 19II
Dec. 28, 1853
Living
John K. Tener ..
Jan. 17, 1911-Jan. 19, 1915
July 25, 1863
Living
Martin G. Brumbaugh.
Jan. 19, 1915.
Apr. 14, 1862
Living
* There was an interregnum from July 9, 1848, to July 26, 1848. Johnston did not take the oath of office till July 26, 1848.
POPULAR VOTE FOR GOVERNORS, 1790-1914
Year
Candidate and Party
No. of Votes
Year Candidate and Party
No. of Votes
Isaac Wayne, Federal 29,566
1790 Thomas Mifflin, Democrat. 27,725
George Lattimer, Independent. 910
Arthur St. Clair, Federal. 2,802
1793
Thomas Mifflin, Democrat. 18,590
1817 William Findlay, Democrat
66,331
Joseph Hiester, Federal
59,272
1796 Thomas Mifflin, Democrat. 30,020
Scattering
II
F. A. Muhlenberg, Federal. I,OII
1820 Joseph Hiester, Federal.
67,905
1799 Thomas Mckean, Democrat.
38,036
William Findlay, Democrat. Scattering
21
1802
Thomas Mckean, Democrat.
47,879
1823 J. Andrew Schulze, Democrat.
89,928
James Ross, of Pittsburgh, Federal.
9,499
Andrew Gregg, Federal. 64,21I
. 8
Scattering
94
J. Andrew Schulze, Democrat. John Sergeant, Federal. Scattering
1,175
Democrat
4.3,644
1829 George Wolf, Democrat.
78,219
1808
Simon Snyder, Democrat.
67,975
James Ross, Federal.
39,575
1832
George Wolf, Democrat.
91,335
John Spayd, Federal 4,006
Joseph Ritner, Anti-Mason.
88,165
Scattering
8
1835
Joseph Ritner, Anti-Mason.
94,023
18II
Simon Snyder, Democrat. 52,319
George Wolf, Independent Demo- crat
65,804
Scattering
1,675
Henry A. Muhlenherg, Democrat. .
40,586
James Ross, Federal. 7,538
Scattering
1826
72.710
1805 Thomas Mckean, Independent
1,174
Simon Snyder, Democrat. 38,438
Simon Snyder. 395
61,776
Joseph Ritner, Anti-Mason. Scattering
12
William Tilghman, Federal.
3,609
Dec. 30, 1819
Feb. 8, 1873
John Frederick Hartranft.
Jan. 15, 1839-Jan. 21, 1845 Jan. 21, 1845-July 9, 1848 (Resigned July 9, 1848) July 26, 1848-Jan. 20, 1852 (Vice Shunk, resigned)
1814 Simon Snyder, Democrat
51,099
Scattering 18
F. A. Muhlenberg, Federal. 10,706
66,300
James Ross, Federal.
32,641
25
26
JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
Year Candidate and Party
No. of Votes Year Candidate and Party Thomas H. Grundy, Socialist
No. of Votes Labor
1,733
1841 David R. Porter, Democrat. 136,504
John Banks, Whig.
113,473
1898
William A. Stone, Republican.
476,206
George A. Jenks, Democrat
358,300
Scattering 23
1844 Francis R. Shunk, Democrat.
160,322
Joseph Markle, Whig
156,040
F. J. Lamoyne, Abolition .. 2,566
Liberty 632
18.47 Francis R. Shunk, Democrat.
146,081
James Irvin, Whig. 128,148
J. Mahlon Barnes, Socialist Labor. Scattering
32
F. J. Lamoyne, Abolition. 1,861 Scattering 6
1902
Samuel W. Pennypacker, Republican . 592,867
593,328
Citizens' 461
Robert E. Pattison, Democrat
436,45I
450,978
1851 William Bigler, Democrat.
186,489
William F. Johnston, Whig.
178,034
Kimber Cleaver, Native American. Scattering
67
1854 James Pollock, Whig and Ameri- can
203,822
William Bigler, Democrat.
166,99I
B. Rush Bradford, Free-soil. 2,194
Scattering
33
1857 William F. Packer, Democrat.
188,846
David Wilmot, Free-soil.
146,139
458,054
Referendum 781
Union Labor. 3,675
llomer 1 .. Castle, Prohibition. .
24,793
1 863 Andrew G. Curtin, Republican. 269,506
George W. Woodward, Democrat. Scattering
254,171 2
1866 John W. Geary, Republican
307,274
Hiester Clymer, Democrat. 290,096
1869 John W. Geary, Republican. 290,552
Asa Packer, Democrat. 285,956
1872 John F. Hartranft, Republican 353,287
317,760
1875 John F. Hartranft, Republican.
304.175
Cyrus L. Pershing, Democrat.
292,145
R. Audley Brown, Prohibition ..
13,244
1878 Henry M. Hoyt, Republican.
319,567
Andrew H. Dill, Democrat ..
297,060
Samuel R. Mason, National Green- back
81.758
Franklin H. Lane, Prohibition.
3,653
1882
Robert E. Pattison, Democrat ..
355,791
James A. Beaver, Republican. .
315,589
John Stewart, Independent Repub- lican
43,743
Thomas A. Armstrong, Greenback- Labor
23.484
Alfred C. Pettit, Temperance.
5.196
1886
James A. Beaver, Republican.
412,285
Chauncey F. Black, Democrat.
360,634
Charles S. Wolf, Prohibition ..
32,458
Robert J. Houston, Greenback. 4,835
1 800 Robert E. Pattison, Democrat ... George W. Delamater, Republican. John 1). Gill, Prohibition, 16.108
447.655
T. P. Rynder, Labor. 224
1804
Daniel H. Hastings, Republican. . .
574,801
William M. Singerly, Democrat ...
333,404
Charles L. llawley, Prohibition ... 23,433
Jerome T. Ailman, People's
19.464
1906
Edwin S. Stuart, Repub-
lican 501,818
506,418
Citizens' 4,600
Lewis Emery, Jr., Demo- cratic 301,747
Commonwealth 6,194
Lincoln 145,657
James A. Maurer, Socialist. 15,169
2,109
John Desmond, Socialist Labor. Scattering 34
1910 John K. Tener, Republican.412,658
Workingmen's League .. 2,956 Webster Grim, Democratic ..
129,395
Madison F. Larkin, Prohibition. 17,445
John W. Slayton, Socialist. 53,055
George Anton, Industrialist. 802
William H. Berry, Keystone. Scattering 10
1914 Martin G. Brumbaugh,
Republican 532,902
Keystone 37,847
588,705
Personal Liberty. 17,956
Vance C. McCormick, Democratic .313,553
453,880
Washington 140,327 J
Joseph B. Allen, Socialist. . 40,115
Charles N. Brumm, Bull Moose .. 4,031
William Draper Lewis, Roosevelt Progressive 6,503
Matthew H. Stevenson, Prohibi- tion 17,467
Caleb Harrison, Industrialist. 533
Scattering
18
-Smull's Handbook.
SOME STATE LAWS
Local Option
In 1872 the Pennsylvania legislature enacted a county local option law, and in 1873. under its provisions, thirty-nine counties adopted it and banished liquor licenses. All but two of
4,278
E. G. Reigart, Native American. 11,247
1848 William F. Johnston, Whig.
168,522
Morris Longstreth, Democrat.
168,225
E. B. Gazzam, Free-soil Scattering
18
24
Anti-Machine 9,550 Ballot Reform. 4,977
Silas C. Swallow, Prohibition. 23,327
William Adams, Socialist Labor .. 5,155
J. W. Slayton, Socialist 21,910
Scattering
73
Isaac Hazelhurst, American. Scattering 12
28,168
1860 Andrew G. Curtin, Republican.
262,346
Henry D. Foster, Democrat. 230,230
1,850
Silas C. Swallow, Prohi- bition 125,746
People's 2,058
132,931
Honest Government .. 4,495
F. J. Lamoyne, Abolition. 763
1838 David R. Porter, Democrat. 127,825
Joseph Ritner, Anti-Mason. 122,321
Scattering 182
464,200
415,614
Charles R.Buckalew, Democrat .. S. B. Chase, Prohibition. 1,259
382,127
27
JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
the cities which voted as separate units went wet, viz., Atoona and Williamsport. Mead- ville, Titusville, Lock Haven and Chester voted wet, but the counties in which they are located voted dry. In 1875 the Legislature re- pealed this law and enacted the Brooks high license law. Only nine counties in the State have no license now, in 1915.
Food Laws
The general food law of 1895, which defined food adulteration and misbranding, and made their commission a misdemeanor, was replaced in 1907 by an act making the commission of these wrongs a civil offense and, on the plea of the need for legislative uniformity, included, by reference, all corresponding acts of Con- gress and the regulations thereunder, then in force or later to be enacted or promulgated. On May 13, 1909, the Legislature repealed the act of 1907, and returned to the original form of general food laws. A large number of the more common, added adulterants were specifically prohibited.
Prior to 1907, a number of special food laws and a general food law had been enacted. The former included the vinegar act of 1897, as amended May 21, 1901; the cheese act of r897, as amended May 2, 1901 ; the act of June 10, 1897, prohibiting the addition of preserva- tives or coloring matter to milk and cream, as amended April 19. 1901 ; the oleomargarine and renovated butter acts of 1001; the fruit syrup act, May 2, 1901, as amended April 26, 1905 ; and the act of March 28, 1905, prohibit- ing the addition of coloring matter and pre- servatives to fresh meat, poultry, game, fish, or shellfish.
The milk and cream law was amended in 1909, so as to fix a standard of composition for cream; and again, in 1911, so as to establish such standard for both milk and cream. In 1909, also, were enacted special laws regulat- ing the sale of ice cream, eggs, lard and non- alcoholic drinks; in 1911, an additional act relative to the adulteration of sausage by the addition of cereals and water; and in 1913, an act regulating the management of cold storage warehouses and the sale of cold storage foods, and an amendment to the olcomargarine act of 1901, fixing a standard color limit capable of exact physical measurement.
The Pennsylvania Department of Agricul- ture was organized in 1895.
CARE AND TREATMENT OF THE INSANE
Insane Asylums
The first attempt made in Pennsylvania to classify the insane by legal enactment was made in 1881, by a bill introduced in the State Senate by Senator W. J. McKnight, known as Senate Bill No. 207, to regulate the commitment of insane criminals.
This generation is and must be ignorant of the wonderful improvement made in the last fifty years in the care and treatment of the insane. When I was a boy a menagerie of wild beasts was a paradise in comparison with a lunatic asylum. About the year 1800 a Dr. Pinel, a Frenchman with a heart alive to pity like the old-style doctor had, undertook the work of reform in these "madhouses." Fa- miliar with this historical fact, and being a medical man, I was interested in this subject. In 1881, when I was sworn in as one of Pennsylvania's fifty State senators, I looked around for some useful legislative work to do, and, after I received my "railroad passes," I traveled to and from our asylums looking through them and supping and dining with the officials. During these associations, and from other sources, I conceived the idea that classi- fication of the insane was greatly needed, and to insure the enactment of such a law I intro- duced one in the Senate modest and moderate in its requirements. This I did to save expense and prevent opposition. But in this act I met the fate of all who antagonize ignorance and prejudice, for
Truth would you teach to save a sinking land All shun, none aid, and few understand.
On the 23d day of March, 1881, I intro- duced the bill for the classification of the insane as follows (see page 691, Legislative Journal) : "An Act entitled, An Act to regulate the commitment of the criminal insane, insane convicts and other dangerous lunatics to one of the Insane Hospitals of the State, and the management thereof of said hospitals.
"Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Common- wealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met. and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That the Board of Public Chari- ties shall have the power, and are hereby required immediately after the passage of this Act to prepare a wing of, or to organize, a ward, or a sufficient number of wards, in one of the insane hospitals of the State (supported
28
JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
by the State), for the accommodation of the criminal insane, insane convicts and other dangerous lunatics sentenced to said hospital, as well for those who may hereafter be arraigned before court and acquitted on the ground of insanity, and the said ward or wards so set apart are to be under the same manage- ment and superintendence as the other wards of said institution."
When the bill came before the Senate on the third reading, I made the following remarks :
"Mr. President, I desire to say a few words in favor of the important measure now before this honorable Senate. I beg leave to state that the bill was conceived in the interest of un- fortunate humanity, and if its provisions are inadequate to the proposed relief intended, no senator will deplore such an unfortunate result more than myself. Further, I desire the bill to be criticized, and amended if need be, by senators abler thian myself ; aye, if possible, perfected so that it may accomplish, in full, its humanitarian objects. And, senators, if in your criticisms you should deem it necessary to be severe upon the phraseology, even to per- sonal reflections. I will now assure you in the language of Shakespeare, by way of invoca- tion,
"O let me not be mad, not mad, sweet Heaven; Keep me in temper; I would not be mad.
"Senators, I well recognize the fact that only through investigation, criticism and agitation ; that only through positive enthusiasm on the one side, and the hostile lens of opposition on the other, can a real solid knowledge be ob- tained by which to erect a truthful, perfect structure. There should be no haste in legislation.
"Every wise observer knows, Every watchful gazer sees, Nothing grand or beautiful grows Save by gradual slow degrees. Steadily, steadily, step by step, Up the venturous builders go, Carefully placing stone on stone, Thus the loftiest temples grow.
"In this law we want a solid base, we want truth ; we want the wisdom of ages; we want everything that will tend to perfection, because it is designed to protect, care for and, if pos- sible, to rescue helpless men and helpless women from indignities now suffered, em- blematie of a barbarous age.
"Mr. President, the dark ages are past ; we live in an age of light; we live when steam
and the iron horse have annihilated space and time ; we live when the lightning from heaven has been chained by a Franklin and forced by a Morse and a Field to carry our greetings of business and love, not only upon the land but underneath the seas also. Indeed, we look around us in wonder at the progress of me- chanics, agriculture, science and art. There appears to be no end to our achievements in intellectual advancement. We live in the very light of 'God's face bending low down' and guiding us in the solving of difficult intellectual problems. And under this bright light let us pause for a short time to examine and see what we have done, what we are doing, and what we can do for the insane-the insane convict and the criminal insane. I would say, in candor, little has been done in the past. But we are doing a great work now, and as much as I admire the progress of the present, yet I confidently expect in the future greater progress, more gigantic achievements in the restoration to reason, and in the elevation to manhood and womanhood, of fallen and depraved humanity, than the most hopeful could anticipate or the greatest enthusiast could imagine. For ages the insane were believed to be possessed of the devil, and their management by Christian civilization was in conformity to this belief. You may imagine the treatment. I cannot describe it. It is only within the memory of our own lives that the results of this belief have been entirely erad- icated. And who among us since the attain- ment of that result is ignorant of the wonder- ful improvements made in the last quarter of a century? I assure you from an examination of history that Barnum's menagerie of wild beasts is to-day a paradise compared to a lunatic prison of two hundred years ago. If we portray to ourselves low, damp and infected dungeons, without light or air. fitly designated cells, alive with human beings, naked or covered with rags, always furious or nearly so. enclosed in living tombs until death came as a relief ; believed to be incurable, abandoned by their relatives, deprived of medical care. reek- ing in their own filth, attended by brutal keepers, horrified beyond expression in their sane moments at these surroundings, sufferings and inhumanities, with no voice of brotherhood or love ever greeting them, with no music but the rattling of their own chains; and I might enumerate to you a thousand more inhuman- ities, had I time and capacity, and then indeed you would have but an imperfectly photo- graphed view of an insane prison of the seventeenth century. But in 1752, a number
29
JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
of Pennsylvanians residing in the city of Philadelphia, with hearts alive to pity, like angels of mercy, petitioned the legislature of this State, then in session, for an act to incor- porate 'a small provincial hospital,' for the suitable care and treatment of the insane, and other sick persons. Said act was duly passed, and two thousand pounds appropriated to assist in, as they declared, 'a good work acceptable to God and all the good people they represented.' Under this charter a private house was secured until a suitable structure could be erected, and on the IIth day of February, A. D. 1752, the first patients were admitted for treatment. On the 28th day of May, A. D. 1755, the cornerstone of the hospital proper was laid, and Benjamin Frank- lin prepared the inscription for it, which read as follows :
"In the year of Christ MDCCLV, George the Second happily reigning, (For he sought the happiness of his people), Philadelphia flourishing, (For its inhabitants were publie spirited). This building, By the bounty of the Government And of many private persons, Was piously founded For the relief of the sick and miserable. 'May the God f Mereies Bless the Undertaking.'
"Thus Pennsylvania Hospital had its origin. The 'God of Mercies' has blessed the under- taking. It stands to-day a monument of Pennsylvania pride and is a home, a real home in every sense, to hundreds of 'the wildest, the tamest, the happiest and the gloomiest of un- fortunate mortals.' It is an unrestrained, unfettered, carpeted, pictured, sofaed, con- certed, libraried home, where intellect and love command obedience.
"Senators, will you permit a digression ? Will you permit a little State pride to well up at this point in my argument ?
"It was on the soil of Pennsylvania that the first Continental Congress met. It was on the soil of Pennsylvania that the great Magna Charta of our liberties was written, signed, sealed and delivered to the world. It was on the soil of Pennsylvania that the fathers declared 'that all men are born free and equal, and are alike entitled to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.' It was on the soil of Pennsylvania that the grand old Republican party was organized, and the declarations of our fathers rcaffirmed and proclaimed anew to the world. It was on the soil of Pennsyl-
vania that Congress created our national emblem, the Stars and Stripes; and it was upon the soil of Pennsylvania that fair women made that flag in accordance with the resolu- tion of Congress. It was upon the soil of Pennsylvania that our flag was first unfurled to the breeze, and from that day to this that grand old flag has never been disgraced nor defeated. It was upon the Delaware river of Pennsylvania that the first steamer was launched. It was in Philadelphia that the first national bank opened its vaults to commerce. It was upon the soil of Pennsylvania that Colonel Dråke first drilled into the bowels of the earth and obtained the oil that now makes the 'bright light' of every fireside 'from Green- land's icy mountains to India's coral strand.' It was on the soil of Pennsylvania that the first Christian Bible society in the New World was organized. It was on the soil of Pennsylvania that the first school for the education and maintenance of soldiers' orphans was erected. It was on the soil of Pennsylvania that the first medical college for the New World was established. And now, Mr. President, I say to you that it was permitted to Pennsylvania intelligence, to Pennsylvania charity, to Penn- sylvania people, to erect on Pennsylvania soil, with Pennsylvania money, the first insane in- stitution, aided and encouraged by a state, in the history of the world.
"In the bill which is now before us Pennsyl- vania is simply expected to take another advance step in the march of civilization. It is not a hasty step. It has been well considered, and is heartily approved by all those in the State having in charge insane convicts and the criminal insane. In truth, I have letters from nearly every experienced person in the Com- monwealth urging the passage of this law. What, then, you ask, will we accomplish by this enactment? To this I reply: A reason- able, a necessary classification of the insane. Not a perfect classification, but a better one than we have at present. Indeed, in the opin- ion of those most capable of judging and advising on the subject, the insane should be sub-divided into three great classes, as follows : "First. The epileptics.
"Second. The ordinary insane.
"Third. The convict, criminal and other dangerous lunatics. Each class to have a sep- arate hospital and each hospital to have a separate mangement. But as the world moves in cycles, and 'step by step the builders go,' this bill looking to the future only asks at this time the separation of the convict and criminal from the other classes of the insane.
30
JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
"And why is this separation asked. you inquire. I will better reason with you on this subject by reading one of many letters ad- dressed and received Ly me since the introduc- tion of this bill. The letter I present is from Dr. J. A. Reed, of Dixmont hospital, dated March 24, 1881 :
""This subject is one of vast importance to all of the insane, and I hope that you will be able through this bill to accomplish such legis- lation as will not only ameliorate the condition of the innocent insane, but will place the "insane convict" in a position where judicious care and treatment will result in' a greater amount of good to him. In considering this subject it must be remembered that there are two classes of insane persons, either of which it is manifestly improper to place in an ordi- nary hospital for the insane. I allude to the insane convict who has become in- sane while undergoing punishment for crime, or who, from any extraordinary cause may have been deemed by the courts unfit for ad- mission to a hospital, and is now confined in the penitentiaries and jails of the Common- wealth, as well as to that other class who have been acquitted or not prosecuted on criminal charges for violent acts on the ground of insanity, such as homicide, arson, burglary, etc.
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