USA > Pennsylvania > Jefferson County > Jefferson County, Pennsylvania : her pioneers and people, 1800-1915, Volume I > Part 76
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91 | Part 92 | Part 93 | Part 94 | Part 95
399
JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
Joseph Darr, judgment against him ; to Dennis, Silas and Alma Bevier, one half of judgment against them; to Samuel Yount, judgment against him; to A. J. Brady, interest on judg- ment and note for $125: to Silas Miller, what he owes me; to Sheridan Mccullough, what he owes me; to Mrs. Mary McLain, privilege to purchase lot for $700; to James Chambers and Martha Chambers, farm in Rose town- ship, Jefferson county; to Samuel Chambers and sister, farm in Redbank township, Clarion county ; to P. Ford and wife, $50 each; to Hon. G. A. Jenks, the sum of $25, because I am proud of him as a Jefferson county pro- duction, and like him as a man : to Hon. I. G. Gordon, $25 on account of long friendship; to Hon. W. P. Jenks, whom I have known so long-when we were not worth $200-but we have both since dug along-$25; to George Zetler, senior and junior, judgment they owe me : for a soldiers' monument in Brookville cemetery, $2,000; for a monument to myself, $2,000; to the school district of Smethport, McKean county, Pa., $15,000 to aid in the erection of a school building, if erected within two years ; to help them in business, to J. N. Garrison, John J. Thompson and Joseph Darr, each $5,000 ; to E. and B. Reitz, $2,000; to lift him out, I give to James A. Cathers $5,000; to James M. Canning, $2,000; to Carroll and Espy, $2,000, in addition to amount mentioned above: to D. F. Hibbard. St.ooo; to S. S. Jackson, $2,000; to David Eason, $2,000 ; to H. Brady Craig, $1,000; for beautifying and im- proving the grounds of the public schools of the borough of Brookville. $3.000 a year for twelve years ;* to the erection of a Methodist Church in the borough of Brookville, when erected, $3,000; for the benefit of the poor in the borough of Brookville and Rose town- ship, $2,000 a year for nine years, to be divided each year in proportion of paupers in each district ; to .\. J. Brady, judgment against him ; to E. H. and W. R. Darrah and the Moore boys, judgment against them; to W. J. Mc- Knight and T. L. Templeton, judgment against them for $2,000 and note for $3.000; to T. P. McCrea, note for $325; to Brookville Ceme-
* In 1890, at the instance of Dr. McKnight and the five other school directors of the borough of Brook- ville, the following memoir was erected on the school grounds :
"A. D. 1890
"The people prosperous and the Public Schools flourishing. this Tablet is placed here in Com- memoration of the late Paul Darling, whose Public Spirit and generosity has added this convenience and adornment to these school grounds."
tery Company, the interest on $1,000 annually and perpetually, to be expended in keeping my lot and tomb in order ; to E. Clark Hall, $50; to F. X. Kreitler, $50: to A. L. Gordon, $25; to William Dickey. $25; to Uriah Matson, Robert Matson and Harry Matson, each $10; to John C. Hamlin, $5,000; to Willie Orlo Hamlin, in addition to foregoing, $5,000; to the Presbyterian Church of Brookville, $2,000; to the U. P., Methodist, Baptist and Lutheran. Churches, each $1,000. After the above be- quests are provided for, if there should be anything remaining. I direct the following to be paid : To Edward Scofield, $3,000 a year 'for nine years; to H. C. Litch, Ed. A. Litch, J. B. Henderson and W. H. Gray, each $1,000 a year for ten years ; and as residuary legatees, to the Presbyterian and Methodist Churches of Brookville, in the proportion of two thirds to the Presbyterian and one third to the Meth- odist Church." A. L. Gordon, Esq., and J. B. Henderson are named as executors of the will.
Cemeteries
The pioneer graveyard in the county was located on land lately owned by William C. Evans, on Litch's Hill, near the junction of the Ridgway road with the pike. I found this graveyard in my boyhood, and thought the graves were Indian graves. My mother told me its history. The graves are now lost and the grounds desecrated.
The second one, now called the "old grave- yard," is on land donated by Pickering (sec Chapter on County Formation, under Court- house). and the first person buried there was Samuel Craig, who died in May, 1832. Among others who were early laid to rest in this in- closure were John Hughes, Sr., in 1833; John Christy and John Anderson, in 1835; Israel D. Hughes, in 1836, and his brother John, in 1837; Solomon Gordon, in 1839. Those who later were laid there were the Barrs, Findleys. Hutchisons, McMurrays, Steels, Fullertons, Wyleys, Mcculloughs, McCandlesses, Bouch- ers. Stecks, Bishops, Lattimores, Arthurs. Huffmans.
Near the entrance to this old graveyard stands the monument ( which has been defaced by some sacrilegious hand breaking the dove that surmounted it away) erected to the mem- ory of "Hon. Robert Porter, of Philadelphia, who died suddenly in Brookville in 1842, in his seventy-fifth year. He was a lieutenant in the Revolutionary War, and president judge of the third district of Pennsylvania, twenty years." Judge Porter stopped at the "Red
100
JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
Lion Hotel" one evening, on his way from the cast, and requested, on retiring for the night, to be called in time for the stage in the morn- ing. As he did not answer the repeated calls in the morning, the proprietor of the hotel went to his room, and on trying to enter found that while his door was unlocked, it would not open. Forcing it back, the venerable stranger was found lying dead against it. He had risen, dressed, and was perhaps, about to de- scend to proceed on his journey when he was stricken down by disease of the heart. lle was interred in the old graveyard. and there his daughter subsequently placed the monu- ment noticed above, to his memory.
This ground was not inclosed until 1843. and since that time has been more or less neg- lected. Nature made it a beautiful spot, giv- ing it lavish shade, but man allowed it to be overgrown with weeds and brambles. Spas- modic attempts have been made from time to time to pin it in order, only to allow it again to fall into decay. This ground being almost filled with graves, the new cemetery was started in 1863. Since that time very few interments have been made in the oldl grave- vard. while a great many persons have re- moved their dead to the new cemetery.
The Catholic cemetery was laid out about 1857. on land donated by John Gallagher. It is located on the road leading to Punxsutaw ney, and comprises about two acres. Previous to this the Catholics of Brookville butried their dead in the cemetery at Red Bank, in Clarion county, where the family burial lots of many prominent Catholic families are located.
The Brookville Cemetery Company was in- corporated by an act of the Legislature ap- proved April 1, 1863. . (See statutes of 1863. page 590.) The corporators were: Isaac G. Gordon, John S. King, Orlando Brown. John I' Wann, William Dickey. C. Fogle, D. Fogle, E. Hall, 11. Matson, U. Matson, I. E. Hall. T. J. Y. Thompson, Thomas K. Litch, H. R. Fullerton, E. H. Darrab. K. L .. Blood, Samuel Craig. W. C. Evans. W. D. J. Marlin. G. W. Andrews, and A. M. Clarke, M. D.
The first meeting of the association for the purpose of organizing was held July 8, 1862. at which meeting (. Fogle was elected presi- dent ; U. Matson, vice president ; 11. Matson. secretary, and O. Brown, treasurer. The com- pany purchased of U. Matson fourteen acres of land north of and adjoining the borough of Brookville, in woods, and since have cleared off and beautified the grounds by laying out and making roads and walks through the same, and have built a very comfortable cot-
tage house for the sexton. They have also erected at considerable cost at the main en- trance four massive stone pillars, on which are hung very neat and handsome iron gates.
In the cemetery are very many costly monu- ments, and it is now a beautiful place. In the summer time many citizens and strangers are led to take a walk or drive through the grounds by its attractions. For this we owe a great deal to the present board of managers and officers : W. H. Gray, president; George W. Heber, secretary and general manager; Joseph B. Henderson, treasurer.
To the foresight, energy and good taste of John S. King are we indebted for the originat- ing and organizing of the company, and the im- provements made therein up to the year 1875. Mr. Richard Bell, an Englishman by birth, was the first sexton. On the 23d of Septem- ber, 1863, the first interment was made, the body of James Corbet, Esq.
Soldiers' Monument .- The monument to the memory of the dead soldiers of Jefferson county was erected in the Brookville cemetery. in pursuance of a provision in the will of Paul Darling, by which he bequeathed two thousand dollars for that purpose. It is a handsome granite shaft, and stands thirty-two feet high, surmounted by a life-size figure of a private soldier at "parade rest." This monument stands in the most commanding position in the cemetery, upon ground donated by the ceme- tery company. It cost two thousand, one hun- dred dollars, and was placed in position by J. S. Moore, of Brookville. The monument was dedicated May 26, 1885. by the Grand Army of Jefferson county, with appropriate services, Maj. E. A. Montooth, of Pittsburgh, delivering the oration on the occasion.
FIRES
The pioneer fire engine was bought June 20), 1839, and cost two hundred and fifty dol- lars. It was a hand engine. This same year it was resolved by the council that "the tin- ber standing or lying on the streets and alleys be sold for the use of said borough."
Brookville has from time to time been heavily visited by the fire fiend, the first "big fire" occurring on the 24th of May, 1856. when some fifty thousand dollars' worth of property, in the heart of the town, was laid in ashes. This fire commenced in the stables of the "Royal Exchange Hotel," which occu- pied the site of the present "Commercial Hotel." and was owned and occupied by John Clements. This hotel and the "American
T " YORK .. LICHARY
. LENOX
". DA IONS
the the undertegnede agree to pay The several Lunes of money det opposite our names, to ·any committee of our own number ofprinting bt a majority of us for the purpose of receiving ance Extending The Same or to a company that may hereafter be formed or incorporation for the purpose of purchasing, laying out auce improve a lot of grounce near the The Borough of Brooke. = ville as a Cemetery, providence the Same thats not be within The corporate limits of the Saia. Borough Lum 6. 1862
Isable, & Gordon 50.00
5000
Brown Than- 50,00
Di. Kg 5000 Enoch Calle
ettim. Ji. Janrisen 57.00
30,00
6.96 Fryle.
50.80 30.00
6. Call
50,10
77.11 50.00
"The The bitch in Lumber- 50 00
50.00
sa00
50 .00
FATHERS of THE BROOKVILLE CEMETERY.
....
....
3
DARDIKG
PAUL DARLING MEMORIAL. BROOKVILLE CEMETERY
SULLA
Al. Hawk
W. H. Manors James Campbell
SOLDIERS' MONUMENT. BROOKVILLE CEMETERY
"The muffled drum's sad roll has beat the soldier's last tattoo.
No more in lite's parade shall meet that brave and fallen few."
TIP NEW YORK KANN LIBRARY
AFT M, L MOX T
401
JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
House," with the Arcade building, and the stables and outbuildings, Lydick's furniture shop on Main street, the Methodist church (occupying the site of the present United Presbyterian church), the residences of J. J. Y. Thompson (known as the Fogle property ), D. Dunkleburg and G. W. Andrews (on Jef- ferson street) were destroyed; in the Arcade, or business portion of the "American House" block, the stores of King & Co. and W. W. Corbet, I. G. Gordon's law office (library saved), and the office of the Jefferson Star, McElhose & Scott, press, type and all the fur- niture, were destroyed ; in the "Exchange Ho- tel" building. James McCahan's law office, John Clements's store, Kennedy & Dickey's store. Mr. Clements lost two horses. The en- tire loss was estimated at fifty thousand dol- lars. Of this the heaviest loss fell upon Judge Thompson, set down at sixteen thousand lollars, John Clements losing eight thousand dollars, and the Methodist congregation two thousand, five hundred dollars. Of these, only Mr. Clements's property and the church were partially insured. The fire was supposed to be the work of an incendiary.
On Sunday evening, November 5. 1871, another disastrous fire broke out, in the stables of the "Clements House," on the identical spot where a little over fifteen years before the first fire that ravaged the town started. It soon communicated to the hotel. which occupied the site of the old "Exchange Hotel," and it was destroyed. The fire swept over the entire square from Gordon alley to Barnett street, burning down every building except one. The losses were as follows : "Clements House," Robert Clements, owner, loss twenty thousand dollars ; Barr & Matson, lessees of hotel, five thousand dollars, Mc- Knight & Bro., drug store, eight thousand dol- lars; S. Craig & Son, grocers, two thousand dollars ; B. McCreight, stable and grain, one thousand, five hundred dollars ; old "Peace and Poverty," or "Black Horse Hotel" property, seven thousand dollars; John S. Barr, two thousand, five hundred dollars; W. R. Depp, four hundred dollars ; Moore & Co., meat mar- ket, two hundred dollars; G. F. Dodd, meat market, four hundred dollars ; John M. Steck, residence and furniture, two thousand, five hundred dollars ; Gabriel Vasbinder, store, one thousand, five hundred dollars ; Glenn & Smith, shoe store, two hundred dollars ; C. M. & J. N. Garrison, dry goods, one thousand dollars ; M. Rodgers, dry goods, one thousand dollars ; damage to "American House," five thousand dollars : Best Salt Company, one thousand dol- 26
lars; Gordon & Bro., law office, one thousand dollars ; T. L. Brown, dwelling and meat mar- ket, seven hundred dollars; J. T. Reed, dry goods, one thousand dollars.
Of the above, Craig & Son, M. Rodgers, C. M. & J. N. Garrison, Gordon & Bro., and the "American Hotel" were covered by insurance. Captain Steck had one thousand, two hundred dollars, and J. S. Barr, five hundred dollars. On all the other losses there was no insurance. The entire loss by the fire was estimated at seventy-five thousand dollars.
On the 20th of November, 1874, another large fire occurred in Brookville. It broke out about five o'clock a. m. in the rear of the "Oak Hall Hotel," on East Main street, and burned everything on that side of the street from Pick- ering to Mill street, including the old "Frank- lin House," on the corner of Pickering street, which was occupied as a hotel and bank by John S. King, and was destroyed with nearly all its furniture ; the large and elegant building of R. J. Nicholson, in which were Nicholson Hall, the Masonic Hall, and the general store of Nicholson, Meredith & Co., and the hard- ware store of Long & Pearsall; the Arthurs property, on which was the residence of R. Arthurs, and the store of C. S. Irwin; the "Oak Hall Hotel" (owned and occupied by M. R. Bell) ; the store and blacksmith shop of Abram and Edwin Synder; the residence of Mrs. C. E. Clements, shoe shop of J. T. Car- roll: Dr. McKnight houses, and "Snyder Row."
It then crossed Main street from Nicholson Hall and destroyed the old Evans block, in which were the stores of K. L. Blood and John Mills, the Republican office, Dr. Sweeney's of- fice, the Armory, the undertaking rooms of O. II. Brown, and the Odd Fellows Hall, and the large brick block owned and occupied by S. G. Fryer, as a store and residence. This was the most disastrous fire that ever visited Brookville, as far as loss of property was con- cerned, and area burned over. The loss was estimated at one hundred and fifty thousand dollars.
The last in the list of "big fires" which have visited Brookville occurred on the night of April 25. 1876. This fire broke out about nine o'clock, in the cellar of T. B. McLain's store, opposite the "Clements House," and was clearly the work of an incendiary, as there was no fire anywhere near where the flames broke out. All the buildings on this side of the street, from Diamond alley to Bar- nett street, except the storeroom of Judge Henderson, were destroyed. The buildings
402
JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
were owned by Joseph Henderson, the Bishop heirs, Edmund English, C. M. & J. N. Garri- son, and M. Rodgers, and were occupied by Joseph Henderson as a residence ; Edmund English, residence; Mrs. McFarland, resi- dence : J. S. King, T. B. McLain, store; Mrs. A. F. Henderson, millinery store; Mrs. G. J. Snyder, millinery ; Miss L. Gordon, dressmak- ing : E. C. Hall, photograph gallery; W. A. Thompson, tailor shop; B. F. Keck, harness shop; Dr. R. S. Hunt, Dr. M. B. Lowry, Dr. C. W. Stebbins, offices ; A. Spangenburg, meat market. The loss was estimated at thirty thousand dollars, on which there was only five thousand dollars insurance.
BOROUGHI OFFICERS, 1915
Burgess-William Shields.
Town Council-R. G. Reitz. J. C. Lucas, G. W. Aulenbaugh, Alfred Truman, Fred. L. Cooley. Walter Richards, R. B. McDowell. Clerk to Council-Fred W. Sayers. High Constable-W. G. Vasbinder.
Constable-C. Il. Butler.
Justices of the Peace-Raymond E. Brown, John W. Walker.
School Directors-H. H. Kennedy, A. F. Balmer, B. C. Craig, J. B. Stewart, Buell B. Whitehill.
Poor Overseers-John Startzell, David G. Gourley. Borough Auditors-V. A. Haines, Edward Ilopkins.
Assessor --- C. H. Butler.
Tax Collector-Grant Heasley.
On November 2, 1915. Mr. Craig was re- elected school director, and at the same elec- tion Miss Carrie B. Jenks was elected a mem- ber of the school board. the second woman in Jefferson county to be chosen for the position. C. II. Butler was reelected constable.
FIFTY YEARS AGO *
In Jefferson county fifty years ago there were no railroads, street cars, trolley lines, tricycles, bicycles, rubber-tired vehicles, no automobiles, no paved roads or streets. In 1850 it took as long to travel three hundred miles as it now does to travel, in comfort and case, three thousand miles. There were no telegraphs. telephones, phonographs, daily papers or daily weather reports. There were
* Taken from a series of articles published in the Brookville Republican, under the title "Fifty Years of Brookville, 1860-1911," and reprinted in pamphlet form.
no natural gas for light, heating, cooking or street lights; no cooking stoves without fire ; no electric power or light. In 1859 the first kerosene or carbon oil was sold in Brookville at one dollar per gallon. Now, under the genius and humanitarianism of John D. Rocke- feller, refined oil is delivered at the kitchen for fifteen cents per gallon. In November, 1859, the steamer "Leclare" commenced run- ning from Kittanning to Emlenton in connec- tion with the A. V. R. R. This gave us the first Pittsburgh morning papers the evening of the same day. In 1859 there were no water- works, toilet rooms, hot-water bottles, ice bags, cut glass, porcelain ware, self-sealing fruit jars : no bathtubs or sanitary conditions what- ever. There were no sewing machines, wash- ing machines, clothes wringers, bed-springs, aniline dyes, evaporated fruits, knitting ma- chines or baby carriages; there were no type- writers, adding machines, cash registers, rub- ber stamps or fountain pens. 'There were no banks, State or national ; no organs in schools or churches, with the exception of the Brook- ville Presbyterian Church, which installed a harmonium in, I think, 1858. Mrs. Brandon was the first person to play upon it. There were no auxiliary societies to the churches, no baseball, basket-ball, football or Young Men's Christian Association. The State and nation were then under free trade, pure and simple. Brown sugar, full of sand, retailed at twelve cents a pound, and refined, such as everybody uses now, sold then at eighteen cents.
Brookville had, in June, 1860, a population of 1.360, ten doctors, eleven lawyers, three ministers, five churches, seventeen stores, three gristmills, two sawmills, nine blacksmith shops, three tailor shops, six shoe shops, one harness shop, one book bindery. two cabinet shops, two foundries, two watchmakers, three livery stables, three restaurants, three news- papers, and had a tri-weekly four-horse coach which ran east and west on the turnpike. This coach was run by Joseph Evans, who was a resident of Corsica during the sixties.
In addition to Evans's coach there was a tri- weekly four-horse coach to Kittanning owned and managed by Lightcap & Piper ; a tri-weekly four-horse coach by way of Punxsutawney to Indiana, by the Jamison Brothers ; and a semi- weekly two-horse coach to Ridgway, owned and managed by James Clark.
The Kittanning stage was started February 8, 1856, by John J. Y. Thompson.
Truth would you teach to save a sinking land, All shun, none aid you and few understand.
403
JEFFERSON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
Times are somewhat better now. Fifty years ago we had the same number in every community in proportion to its inhabitants of · complainers, fault-finders, grumblers, tattlers and defamers as we have now. Useful, hard- working, experienced practical men in public life, like Cannon and Aldrich, were unmerci- fully abused and maligned. Judge Poland, of Vermont, gave us two-cent postage, and as a result could not be reelected to Congress. It was ever thus, the good, the brave, the true have always been abused, maligned or killed. For example, Lincoln, Garfield and Mckinley. What the country needs to-day is McKinley policies, viz .: "Protect and start the mills." If these grand policies had been undisturbed there would have been no scare or panic with its dreadful consequences to the multitude.
Fifty years ago gold and silver money was scarce, nearly all our business was done with State paper money, called by merchants "rag money." store orders, road orders, school orders, county orders and individual script .. The blessed. National Bank and its bills of to- day were unknown. Wages were low, me- chanics getting only one dollar and fifty cents per day. labor scarce ; the free-trade element of the South called our farmers, laborers and mechanics "white slaves, mud-sills and greasy mechanics." I quote from the Jefferson Star of 1859 a market table which please compare with the present prices of produce :
Apples, green, $4.25 a barrel : dried apples, $2.20 a barrel: buckwheat, .50 a bushel; but- ter, . 16 a pound ; beans, $1.50 per bushel ; corn, .50 in the cob ; coffee, not browned. . 15 and .16 a pound; candles, Star, .31 a pound; tallow candles. . 18 a pound; refined oil was not quoted, but sold for $1.00 per gallon; dried peaches. . 18 a pound; eggs, .10 a dozen ; mackerel, .10 and .12 a pound ; beef, .02 and .03 per pound per quarter : flour, $7.25, extra. $7.50: cornmeal, $2.25 per one hundred pounds ; buckwheat, per one hundred pounds. $2.50: grain-wheat. $1.95 and $2.00 per bushel; oats, .40 per bushel; rye, $1.00 and $1.12 per bushel; honey in comb, .12; hay, $14 and $15 per ton ; hams, .15 and .16 per pound; New Orleans molasses, .50 and .75 per gallon ; syrup, $1.00 per gallon ; mess pork, $22.00 a barrel ; potatoes, .40 per bushel ; salt, $2.80 per barrel ; sugar, brown, .11, white, .15. loaf, . 18 per pound ; tea, .87 per pound ; tur- nips, .36 per bushel ; whisky, .50 and $1.00 per gallon.
Facts are facts, figures don't lie, and history is a narration of facts and figures.
Fifty years ago people bought their food- stuffs more by the wholesale than they do now. They did not buy by the half bushel and by the peck. Their mode of living was simple. Things were quoted, but were not to be had in the market. It was impossible to get eggs and butter and chickens at any price some times of the year. People did without then. There was no pure food law. Poultry was not taken care of as it should be and as a result in the winter time their combs and feet would freeze off, and they were not fit for food. There is not sufficient production now, and there is great waste in food compared to what there was in former years. l'eople bought their pork by the whole hog. and made their own sausage or wurst; their beef by the quarter, and took care of it themselves. Everybody had his own smokehouse and smoked his own meat. People baked their own bread. In liv- ing there was no money spent for oranges, bananas, white grapes, and all kinds of confec- tionery and nuts, like there is now.
Fifty years ago there was no expensive free delivery connected with every retail store. The consumer carried his purchases home himself. This is a grand era of machinery and machine work, light labor, play and luxury. If you want it you must pay for it.
The high price of living to-day is in the mode of buying by the customer and his neg- ligence to provide at the proper time and in the proper quantities and taking care of his food. There is very great extravagance and wilful waste in food products.
The individual extravagances and condition that create the high cost of living may be enumerated as follows :
First. Great abundance of money. Large annual output of gold and silver.
Second. Under-production of foodstuff. When potatoes are scarce they sell high, and scarcity sells everything else accordingly.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.