USA > Wisconsin > The Wisconsin blue book 1919 > Part 26
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Taylor
268
WISCONSIN BLUE BOOK.
STATE HEALTH ORGANIZATION
The State Board of Health is composed of seven members appointed by the Governor with the confirmation of the state senate. Two regular meetings each year are provided for by the Statutes and in addition special meetings may be held from time to time as required. The offices of the board are in the state capitol.
MEMBERS OF THE STATE BOARD OF HEALTH
W. F. Whyte, M.D., President. . Madison
E. S. Hayes, M.D ... . Eau Claire
C. H. Sutherland, M.D Janesville
C. A Richards, M.D. Rhinelander
Otho Fiedler, M.D. Sheboygan J. M. Furstman, M.D La Crosse
C. A. Harper, M.D., State Health Officer. Madison
DEPUTY STATE HEALTH OFFICERS
Dr. G. W. Henika, Madison . First District
Dr. George E. Hoyt. Menomonee Falls. . Second District
Dr. L. E. Spencer, Wausau . Third District
Dr. I. F. Thompson, Eau Claire Fourth District
Dr. Louis Dorpat, Rhinelander. Fifth District .
The state is divided into five sanitary districts, and one full-time es- pecially trained deputy state health officer resides in each district. When health problems arise in any township, incorporated village or city in the state which the local board is unable to handle the State Board of Health should be notified or the deputy state health officer for the district should be called in. In investigating disease outbreaks, disputes regarding nuisances and other insanitary conditions dangerous to health the services of the deputies are especially valuable.
DIVISION OF GENERAL ADMINISTRATION
Since the State Board of Health is charged, under the statutes, with the general supervision throughout the state of all matters affecting the health and lives of our citizens, it is necessary to provide a well organized and properly financed department of general administration to supervise and direct all of the activities of the State Board of Health proper and also the work of the various divisions. The rules and regulations for the prevention and control of the various dangerous communicable diseases must be enforced as a part of the general ad- ministrative work of the board with the assistance of the five deputy state health officers. The educational work, including newspaper arti- cles, special bulletins and reports, are prepared by the general ad- ministrative force for distribution throughout the state. With the exception of the work of law enforcement the educational work of a health department is of more value in preventing sickness than any other activity.
The general administrative work is directed by Dr. C. A. Harper, state health officer, Madison, with L. W. Hutchcroft, Madison, as first assistant.
BUREAU OF VITAL STATISTICS
This bureau is charged with the important duty of providing a com- plete state record of all births, marriages, deaths and divorces occur-
269
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE GOVERNMENT
ring in the state. Each certificate is carefully filed in a fire-proof vault after it has been properly indexed. The statistical information obtained from these records is always of great value in the prevention of disease, in safeguarding the, civil and property rights of our citizens and also in arriving at a proper understanding of our social conditions.
BUREAU OF CONTAGIOUS DISEASES
On account of inadequate funds there is no special organization for this bureau. The work of this important division is done by the gen- eral office force and the five deputy state health officers with the as- sistance of the State Laboratory of Hygiene, the branch laboratory and the state cooperative laboratories.
BUREAU OF EDUCATION
It has been found impossible to provide a special force of clerks for the work of this most important bureau. The educational work is now done under the general direction and supervision of the department of general administration. It distributes free of charge to any citizen of the state a large number of health pamphlets, which are written in plain language so that anyone can understand them and use them. The newspapers of the state are of special assistance in publishing short articles on health subjects. The publicity portion of the educa- tional work is in charge of L. W. Bridgman, Madison.
BUREAU OF SANITARY ENGINEERING
The board employs a consulting engineer to assist in approving the plans and specifications for all new public water supplies and sewage disposal systems, and to assist local officials in installing such systems in the safest and most economical manner. A full-time chemist and field engineer is employed to assist in the purification of public water supplies when necessary, to aid in the sanitary disposition and treat- ment of sewage and to establish and enforce minimum standards for the maintenance and operation of rendering plants. The board also renders important service in the purification and disposal of cheese factory and creamery waste, waste from canning factories and similar establishments, waste from blast furnaces, dye factories and other in- dustrial waste which is of such a character as to create a nuisance or dangerously pollute the rivers, lakes and streams of the state.
W. G. Kirchoffer of Madison is the consulting engineer and E. J. Tully, Madison, is the chemist and field engineer.
LABORATORY DIVISION
The laboratory work of the state is under the direct supervision of Dr. W. D. Stovall, the director of the State Laboratory of Hygiene at Madison. A state branch laboratory is located at Rhinelander and the following cities have now provided for state cooperative laboratories to be operated by the city under the general supervision of the State Board of Health: Superior, Kenosha, Oshkosh, Wausau.
The laboratory service makes provision for the examination of sputum for suspected cases of tuberculosis, cultures and swabs for diphtheria, blood for typhoid fever, pus for cases of gonorrhea, the central nervous system of animals for cases of rabies, chemical and bacteriological examinations of water for drinking purposes, suspected cases of anthrax, glanders, actinomycosis and spinal fluid for meningitis.
270
WISCONSIN BLUE BOOK.
These examinations are made free of charge upon request of any physician, health officer or veterinarian.
The State Laboratory of Hygiene at Madison furnishes anti-typhoid vaccine and pneumonia vaccine, free of charge, to all physicians of the state. The state cooperative laboratories are also equipped to make pathological examinations.
PLUMBING DIVISION
Frank R. King, State Plumbing Inspector. Madison John H. Owens, Inspector, First District. . Racine Robert E. Hasselkus, Inspector, Second District. Milwaukee Eugene Morse, Inspector, Third District. Eau Claire
It is the duty of this division to enforce under the supervision of the State Board of Health the provisions of Chapter 731, Laws of 1913, and the rules and regulations adopted by the Board governing the examina- tion and licensing of plumbers and to make such inspections as may seem necessary to enforce the provisions of the State Plumbing Code relating to plumbing, drainage, and sewerage disposal installations in connec- tion with all . buildings in this state.
The division is making a comprehensive study of what constitutes efficient, economical, durable, and sanitary plumbing, water supply and drainage installations. It formulates and disseminates information needed to bring this about and so as to make for wider use of such installations. It assists local governing bodies in formulating rules and ordinances in regard to plumbing and drainage regulations leading to maximum convenience, economy in installation, good workmanship, reduced cost in maintenance and proper sanitation. It assists by fur- nishing of plans, specifications, instructions as may be needed, local town, village and city officials, school boards, architects, plumbers, re- sponsible heads of institutions, and the general public in revising proper methods for disposal of household and other waste in such a manner that a nuisance will not be created or public or private water supply polluted. The funds obtained from license fees make the division self- sustaining.
HOTEL AND RESTAURANT DIVISION
W. G. Mase, Inspector, First District. Madison B. A. Honeycomb, Inspector, Second District. . Madison
E. U. F. Loether, Inspector, Third District. Eau Claire
The inspectors of this division are required to enforce the regula- tions adopted by the board governing the safe and sanitary condition of all hotels and restaurants within the state. All hotels and restaurants must be inspected at least once each year. The lunch stands and toilets . at all the fairs are also inspected by the hotel division. The hotel department is maintained entirely by the license fees.
BARBER DIVISION
E. C. Puerner, Inspector, First District. Madison
Fred E. Beth, Inspector, Second District. .Madison
The department inspects all barber shops in the state and prescribes by means of rules and regulations minimum requirements for the sanitary operation of barber shops. The work of the barber division is maintained entirely from the license fees.
EMBALMING DIVISION
The State Board of Health prescribes rules and regulations govern- ing the licensing of embalmers and also enforces the minimum re- quirements necessary for the safe transportation of the dead. The li- cense fees are sufficient to support the embalming division.
271
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE GOVERNMENT
LOCAL BOARDS OF HEALTH
The state law requires that each township, incorporated village and city in the state must have a local health organization. The local health board, when appointed, must organize and keep a record of all its transactions. The state health department supervises and assists the 1,685 townships, incorporated villages and city health departments in the enforcement of the health laws and state and local rules and regulations.
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
Issued by the State Board of Health and Mailed Free Upon Request.
1. Quarterly Bulletin.
2. Powers and Duties of Boards of Health. For health officers.
3. Rules for the Prevention and Control of Contagious Diseases.
4. Rules Relating to the Sanitary Care of Schools.
5. Diphtheria, Its Restriction and Prevention.
6. Scarlet Fever, Its Restriction and Prevention.
7. Typhoid Fever, Its Restriction and Prevention.
8. Smallpox, Its Restriction and Prevention.
9. Tuberculosis, Its Restriction and Prevention.
10. Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis.
11. Infantile Blindness.
12. Instructions for the Use of the State Laboratory of Hygiene.
13. Instructions and Blueprints for Creamery Waste.
14. Rules Governing the Sanitary and Safe Condition of Hotels and Restaurants.
15. Rules Relating to the Construction and Operation of Slaughter Houses.
16. Regulations Relating to Industrial Camp Sanitation.
17. Baby Bulletin.
18. Rules and Regulations for the Transportation of the Dead.
19. State Plumbing Code.
20. Sanitary Privy and Sewage Disposal for Residences.
21. Some of the Activities of the State Board of Health.
22. Rules Governing the Sanitary Regulation of Barber Shops. ·
23. Anti-Spitting Notices.
24. Quarantine Signs.
25. Rules Governing Eating Establishments located on Fair Grounds.
26. Epidemilogical Study of an Outbreak of Septic Sore Throat.
27. Sanitary Instructions for Barbers.
28. Sanitary Instructions for Hotels and Restaurants.
29. Wisconsin Code for Rural School Privies.
30. Venereal Diseases, Instructions for Young Men and Boys.
31. Venereal Diseases, Instructions for Public Officers, Parents and Educators.
32. Venereal Diseases, Instructions for Young Women and Girls.
33. Measles and Whooping-cough, Their Restriction and Prevention.
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272
WISCONSIN BLUE BOOK.
(2- 2)
STATE HEALTH OFFICER
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Marriages
Small ley Diphtheria Typhoid
Chicken By Infantile
De aths
Paralysis Blindness
Licensing of Embalmers
Births
Monthly Reports
Recording and Indexing
Methods of Prevention
Reportable Diseases
annual Inspection
Preparation Statistical Tables
Sectional seasonal Distribution
EMBALMING DEPT.
Sanitary Regulation
Supervise 16 85 Registrar
BUREAU OF VITAL STATISTICS
BUREAU CONTAGIOUS DISEASES
Modes of Infection
Registration of Deaths
Contagievi Distase Bulletins
Health Laws 1 Rules
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH OF
Posteur Treatment
Water Supplies sewerage
BUREAU EDUCATION and PUBLIC WELFARE
STATE LABORATORY OF HYGIENE
Water Ice fer Passenger Trains
of Babies
Lectures and Demonstra 11005
Furnishes anti-typhone Vaccine
Bacterial Exams
Graphic Charis
BUREAU SANITARY ENGINEERING
MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES
Investigate Industrial Wash
DistribuRts Diphtheria antiToxin
Se wage Disposal for Schools
Purification Water Supplies
Distributes Silver Nitrate
Distribute Small Pox Vaccine
Industrial Waste Purificato
Approves Hans fer Public Wat. Sew.Sy
Oppromy Medical Certificates Stafe Ins
BARBER DEPT
Disposal Residential Sewage
Disease Inveshoebay
Diagnose Quarantine Disinfection
Rural Sanitation
Inspection Slaughter Houses
School Hygiene
Inspection and Supervision
Licensing of Plumbers
Licensing Barber
Inspechan of Shops
Enforcement State Haebn Code
Sewage EIndustrial Waste
Pollution Water Supplies
assisting Local Heat Officery
Nuisances Private & Ablic
Enforce- ment of Sanitary Jules
CO-OPERATIVE ACTIVITIES
WITH OTHER DEPARTMENTS
Dairy & Food Comm Disposing of Creamery Waste
Indust CommissiLT Joint with
State Engineering Department Co-operate with
State Board of agriculture Diseases Daimials
Philroad gate Comm. Examination Public Water Supplies
Divorces
Measles Scorlett Whoop Coup tuberculosis Woningifry
Licensing af Hotels
Gonorrhea Syphilis
Transporto tion Tules
HOTEL and PESTAURANT DEPT.
Infont Mortality)
Weekly Reports
Water Sewage Analysis
Distribution of Literatur
-WISCONSIN- Members appointed by the Governor and confirmed by Senate non salaried except the State Health Officer
Care
pewag Industrial Waste Purit
FIVE DEPUTY STATE HEALTH OFFICERS
Distribute Tetanus antitoxin
PLUMBING DEPT
273
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE GOVERNMENT
HEALTH STATISTICS
BIRTHS REPORTED DURING THE CALENDAR YEARS OF 1916 AND 1917
1916
1917
Males
30,623
30,463
Females
28,736
28,458
Sex not stated.
100
92
Total births exclusive of stillbirths.
59,459
59,013
Birth rate per 1,000 population
23.9
23.5
Stillbirths reported as births.
805
683
Twin births
1,057
1,164
Triplets
24
18
Illegitimate births
971
861
MARRIAGES REPORTED DURING CALENDAR YEARS OF 1916 AND 1917
1916
1917
Both parties native born.
14,391
15,579
Groom native, bride foreign.
615
649
Bride native, groom foreign
1,631
1,637
Both parties foreign born ..
1,767
1,546
Birthplace of one or both unknown.
122
113
Total marriages
18,526
19,524
Annual marriage rate per 1,000 estimated population.
14.9
15.5
DIVORCES
1916
1917
Total divorces from October 1, 1915 to September 30, 1916.
1,775
1,707
Annual divorce rate per 1,000 marriages.
95.8
87.4
Divorces granted to husband.
402
401
Divorces granted to wife.
1,373
1,306
By causes:
Adultery
73
59
Cruelty
720
722
Desertion
543
482
Drunkenness
130
115
Neglect to provide.
248
253
DEATHS REPORTED FOR CALENDAR YEARS FROM 1914 TO 1917
1914
1915
1916
1917
Males
Females
12,054
11,888
13,108
12,706
Sex not stated.
4
4
2
Total, excluding stillbirths.
27,372
26,676
29,769
29,121
Male excess
3,260
2,900
3,549
3,707
Death rate per 1,000 population.
11.2
10.8
11.9
11.6
White
27,190
26,507
29,644
28,973
Black
46
54
33
61
Indian
132
115
89
70
Color not stated.
4
17
Single
11,237
10,046
11.797
11,240
Married
9,993
10,371
11,082
11,141
Widowed
5,759
5,917
6,395
6,193
Divorced
201
185
246
258
Unknown
182
157
249
289
Stillbirths reported as deaths.
1,695
1,711
1,647
1,595
....
18-B. B.
15,314
14,788
16,657
16,413
Total divorces from October 1, 1916 to September 30, 1917.
274
WISCONSIN BLUE BOOK.
CASES OF REPORTABLE DISEASES RECORDED BY CALENDAR YEARS FROM 1912 TO 1917
Disease
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
. 1917
Diphtheria
1,913
2,283
2,767
1,704
1,981
2,520
Typhoid fever
1,007
670
553
420
1,009
486
Whooping cough
1,180
1,146
1,139
2,318
2,505
3,130
Smallpox
811
2,034
3,302
1,817
867
1,280
Scarlet fever
3,304
2,806
3,195
1,991
3,959
7,038
Measles
3,235
6,046
6,099
4,425
16,145
5,711
Tuberculosis
1,206
1,677
1,766
1,765
1,590
2,104
Meningitis
82
108
75
74
111
138
CASES AND DEATHS FROM INFANTILE PARALYSIS BY CALENDAR YEARS FROM 1910 TO 1917
Year
Cases
Death
1910.
55
39
1911.
70
33
1912.
56
27
1913
86
26
1914
31
15
1915
14
9
1916
475
79
1917.
57
24
IMPORTANT CAUSES OF DEATH BY CALENDAR YEARS FROM 1912 TO 1917
Name of disease
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
Typhoid fever
310
237
176
123
202
137
Smallpox
3
4
5
6
1
2
Measles
127
210
150
47
289
63
Scarlet fever
283
197
215
85
125
245
Whooping cough
232
211
155
186
167
195
Diphtheria
279
293
328
204
221
347
Influenza
255
356
227
490
562
349
Erysipelas
69
68
93
64
109
116
Tuberculosis
2,362
2,328
2,435
2,310
2,302
2,460
Cancer
1,673
1,755
1,906
1,903
2,028
2,096
Meningitis
280
290
209
197
213
176
Apoplexy
1,466
1,448
1,469
1,624
1,817
1,799
Heart disease
2,408
2,370
2,577
2,715
2,955
3,164
Bronchitis
525
478
449
450
512
459
Pneumonia
2,066
2,172
2,239
2,391
2,878
3,182
Diarrhea (under two years).
1,145
1,229
889
646
855
684
Bright's disease
1,371
1,358
1,317
1,395
1,495
1,693
Puerperal septicemia
77
96
118
113
143
126
Congenital debility
1,582
1,736
1,727
1,539
1,812
1,539
Old age
1,362
1,403
1,307
1,315
1,283
1,032
Suicide
306
317
367
328
353
348
Accidental deaths
1,632
1,707
1,355
1,128
1,604
1,499
Homicides
38
54
64
54
43
77
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275
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE GOVERNMENT
WISCONSIN STATE HIGHWAY WORK
The legislature of 1917 enacted important amendments to the State Highway Law, which while not changing the basic principles of the law, made radical differences in the allotment of funds, and the de- termination of the improvements made, both tending to the greater efficiency of the system of highway construction. These changes were largely the result of the enactment of the Federal Aid Laws by the United States Congress in July, 1916.
Briefly, the Federal Aid Law provides the sum of $75,000,000 to be used to aid the states in the construction of rural post roads. The ex- penditures are distributed over a period of five years from July 1, 1916, to June 30, 1921, inclusive. The appropriation is divided among the states, one-third in proportion to area, one-third in proportion to population, and one-third in proportion to the mileage of rural post roads. The expenditures were to be $5,000,000 for the fiscal year ending July, 1917, and increase at the rate of $5,000,000 per year until the amount to be distributed among the states in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, will be $25,000,000.
Only states having State Highway Departments are eligible to par- ticipate in the benefits of the law, and it is required that there be formal assent to its provisions. It fell to the legislature of 1917 to enact the statute by which the required assent was given by the state. In the enactment of this statute the legislature went beyond the mini- mum requirements of the Federal Law and provided for a comprehensive system of state highways.
The piecemeal improvements which had been made under the provi- sions of the State Highway Law during the five years in which it had been in force (1912 to 1916, inclusive) had acquainted the people of the state with the possibilities of good roads. There had come a realization of the fact that the best interests of the state were not being served by the uncoordinated highway improvements resulting from the existing system. It was realized that the old methods had been necessary, as an educational force during the early days of the work, but that they were not producing the continuous improved highways necessary for the development of the state. There was in short a demand for a system of improved highways which "started somewhere and went somewhere."
The legislature recognized this demand by providing for a system of state trunk highways of a total length limited to 5,000 miles, to inter- connect all county seats and cities with a population of 5,000 or more. The duty of selecting this state trunk highway system was delegated to the State Highway Commission, and a special legislative committee of five members was created, to be appointed by the Governor, to which appeals from the selection of the State Highway Commission might be made. It was required that all construction with joint State and Fed- eral funds be concentrated on the State Trunk Highway System.
The Federal Law requires that any state, in order to receive federal aid on its highways, must provide an amount at least equal to the amount allotted to the state by the federal government. The legisla- ture went beyond the requirements of the federal statute and provided that the counties must also contribute. The joint federal and state appropriations are divided among the counties according to a method somewhat similar to the division of the federal appropriation among the states; namely, one-third in proportion to area; one-third in proportion* to valuation, and one-third in proportion to the total road mileage. The amount required to be provided by each county must be at least
276
WISCONSIN BLUE BOOK.
equal to one-half the amount jointly provided by the state and federal government. This, in effect, makes the counties, the state and the fed- eral government each contribute a third of the cost of federal aid work. The location of all improvements is determined by the State Highway Commission, which is required to notify the county boards of the loca- tion and cost of improvements in time to permit the proper appro- priations to be made.
The legislature recognized that any construction, once carried out, must be systematically maintained, and therefore provided, in the stat- ute, that the state trunk highway system should be maintained by the counties under the direct supervision of the State Highway Commission. The funds for this maintenance are provided by the State and effective control by the State Highway Commission guaranteed by a control of the maintenance funds.
Financial provision for carrying out the construction and maintenance program outlined in the law was made without resorting to a general state tax. It was felt to be just that those who make the greatest use of the highways, namely, motorists, should contribute the greatest amount to their construction and maintenance, especially since no motorist begrudges money spent efficiently for highway improvement. The automobile license fee, which had previously been $5 was raised to $10 per car per year, with larger amounts for motor trucks graduated in proportion to the capacity of the truck. The net proceeds of the automobile license fees are then appropriated to be expended in the following manner:
1. One-fourth to the counties (in proportion to the amounts paid in) to be used for the maintenance of the county system of prospective state highways.
2. A sum not to exceed $80,000 is then allotted to the state highway commission for the administration of the state trunk highway law.
3. The amount necessary to pay the state's share of federal aid construction is then allotted for that purpose.
4. The remainder is then appropriated for maintenance of the state trunk highway system and distributed among the counties in proportion to the mileage of the state trunk highway system lying in each county. The amount thus available for 1918 is slightly in excess of $200 per mile.
The amendments to the State Highway Law enacted by the legisla- ture were designed to place it in line with the construction system out- lined under the state law assenting to the provisions of the federal act.
Previously the initiation of improvements, in the vast majority of cases, had been with the towns and villages, which naturally had re- sulted in the location of these improvements to serve local needs. Un- der the amended law the location of all improvements and the selection of the type was placed in the hands of the county boards of the various counties. It is required that the county allotments of state aid be divided into two equal parts; the first of these, together with an amount of county money at least one and one-half times as great, is required to be expended on the state trunk highway system at points designated by the county boards. The remaining one-half is then distributed among the towns, villages and cities of the county, unbenefited by con- struction on the state trunk highway system during the same season, in proportion to their assessed valuation. The location of these improve- ments, also is determined by the county boards, which levies a county tax to accompany the state aid allotted, and also levies against the mu- nicipality in which the improvement lies a tax in an amount at least equal to the state appropriation but not greater than the county ap- propriation.
Under this method of distribution all units of the county are bene- fited by State Aid construction, the secondary highways as well as the state trunk highways, but since the location of the improvements is in the hands of the county boards there is certain to be much better co-
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