USA > Wisconsin > The Wisconsin blue book 1919 > Part 38
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La Crosse City, City Hall-A. A. Bentley, Ch. and Ex., C. W. Hunt, Sec. and C. C., George. H. Gordon, John E. McConnell, William F. Goodrich, Dr. George W. Lueck, Frank P. Hixon, D. G. MacMillan, La Crosse; John F. Donerty, G. A. A., La Crosse.
Madison City, City Hall-W. L. Dowling, Ch. and Ex., E. B. Van Vleck, Sec., J. H. Brown, Dr. H. E. Purcell, Dr. R. H. Jackson, Carl Johnson, O. S. Norsman, Madison; Harry C. Buser, C. C., William Ryan, G. A. A., Madison.
Oshkosh City, City Hall-J. Y. Hull, Ch., George Hilton, Sec., Ex., and C. C., F. W. Mueller, John H. Laabs, Dr. H. H. Meusel, Daniel E. Mc- Donald, Dr. C. J. Combs, Henry T. Hagene, Arthur H. Gruenewald, Osh- kosh; R. A. Hollister, G. A. A., Oshkosh.
Racine City, Div. No. 1, City Hall-Hiram J. Smith, Ch., Eugene W. Leach, Sec. and Ex., Fred H. Schulz, John B. Simmons, E. Roy Burgess, Joseph C. Hamata, Dr. Robert C. Thackeray, Racine; Muriel L. Fischer, C. C., J. H. Liegler, G. A. A., Racine.
Racine City, Div. No. 2, 1508 Washington Ave .- William W. Storms, Ch. and Ex., George H. Porter, Sec., Ward R. Gittings, Chris Krogh, Isaac O. Mann, Walter S. McCaughey, Dr. E. A. Taylor, Dr. William C. Hanson, Racine; James C. Peterson, C. C., M. J. Knoblock, G. A. A., Racine.
Superior City, Div. No. 1, City Hall-E. A. LeClair, Ch. and Ex., Dr. D. R. Searle, A. A. Campbell, J. S. Stack, C. A. Swanson, F. L. Wilcox, C. D. SeCheverell, Superior; Irene O'Brien, C. C., H. V. Gard, G. A. A., Superior.
Superior City, Div. No. 2, 108 U. S. Nat'l Bank Bldg .- F. R. Crumpton, Ch. and Ex., Clarence Grace, Sec., Henry S. Butler, W. R. Hallan, John A. Bardon, Dr. T. J. O'Leary, Claus Johnson, Superior; Agnes Fagerlin, C. C., George Dietrich, G. A. A., Superior.
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COUNTY LEGAL ADVISORY BOARDS
Central Legal Advisory Committee-John B. Sanborn, John B. Win- slow, Madison; W. F. Shea, Ashland; Spencer Haven, Hudson; R. I. Mar- shall, Chippewa Falls; W. A. Hayes, Milwaukee; W. C. Owen, Maiden Rock.
Adams-C. C. Murphy, H. S. Pierce, Friendship; W. J. Houghton, Adams. Ashland-W. F. Shea, A. T. Pray, M. E. Dillon. Ashland.
Barron-C. C. Coe, Barron; H. S. Comstock, Cumberland; Clarence Teit- gen, Rice Lake.
Bayfield-A. W. Macleod, A. M. Warden, Washburn; J. J. Fisher, Bay- field.
Brown-B. L. Parker, E. R. Minahan, W. L. Evans, Mary Engle Harris, . Green Bay; H. J. Court, Suamico; R. A. Peplinski, Pulaski; Fred C. Teske, Wayside.
Buffalo-Theodore Buehler, Alma; S. G. Gilman, C. W. Gilman, Mondovi. Burnett-S. F. Grover, C. J. Strang, Grantsburg; Paul C. Meier, Webster. Calumet-James Kirwan, L. P. Fox, George M. Goggins, Chilton.
Chippewa-T. J. Connor, F. W. Jenkins, D. E. Cook, Chippewa Falls.
Clark-W. A. Campman, C. R. Sturdevant, E. W. Crosby, Neillsville.
Columbia-W. S. Stroud, J. L. Mahoney, Portage; W. C. Leitsch, Co- lumbus.
Crawford-W. R. Graves, J. P. Evans, A. H. Long, Prairie du Chien. Dane-Burr W. Jones, Henry T. Sheldon, Miles Riley, Madison.
Dodge-C. A. Christiansen, August Kading, Juneau; George B. Swan, Beaver Dam.
Door-H. M. Ferguson, W. E. Wagener, Jacob Dehos, T. A. Sanderson, Sturgeon Bay.
Douglas-W. R. Foley, C. Z. Luse, J. A. Murphy, Superior.
Dunn-J. R. Mathews, R. E. Bundy, C. R. Freeman, S. H. Feldman, Ad. Schmidt, Ole N. Oleson, Menomonie.
Eau Claire-R. P. Wilcox, L. M. Sturdevant, F. R. Farr, Eau Claire. Florence-Edward Elmer, Frank Waring, Max Sells, Florence.
Fond du Lac-T. L. Doyle, L. A. Williams, Fond du Lac; S. M. Pedrick, Ripon.
Forest-W. A. Westcott, S. A. Corning, J. F. Hooper, Crandon.
Grant-G. B. Clementson, H. E. Carthew, Lancaster; J. W. Murphy, Platteville.
Green-J. D. Dunwiddie, William T. Saucerman, W. H. Caradine, Monroe.
Green Lake-John J. Wood, W. E. Cavanaugh, Thomas F. Davlin, Berlin.
Iowa-C. Spensley, Thomas M. Priestly, Mineral Point; G. D. Mc- Geever, J. E. O'Neil, Dodgeville.
Iron-W. T. Lennon, M. F. Reid, F. A. Emunson, Hurley.
Jackson-H. M. Perry, L. O. Ellis, F. J. Reichenbach, Black River Falls.
Jefferson-L. H. Smith, Jefferson; J. G. Conway, Watertown; C. B. Rogers, Fort Atkinson.
Juneau-F. H. Hanson, J. A. McFarlane, Mauston; Charles Leicht, New Lisbon.
Kenosha-A. E. Buckmaster, R. V. Baker, A. L. Drury, Kenosha.
Kewaunee-L. A. Karel, George W. Wing, Kewaunee; James H. Mc- Gowan, Algoma.
La Crosse-J. F. Doherty, G. H. Gordon, A. Lees, La Crosse.
La Fayette-C. F. McDaniel, C. F. Osborn, P. H. Conley, Darlington ; J. D. Darrow, Argyle.
Langlade-Henry Hay, Charles H. Avery, A. B. Goodrick, Antigo. Lincoln-George Curtis, Jr., John Van Hecke, F. J. Smith, Merrill.
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WISCONSIN'S WAR ACTIVITIES
Manitowoc-E. G. Nash, A. L. Hougen, H. L. Markham, Manitowoc. Marathon-L. A. Pradt, John J. Okoneski, A. P. Woodson, Wausau. Marinette-E. C. Eastman, A. T. Fairchild, J. O. Miller, Marinette. Marquette-D. W. McNamara, John Barry, John Metzler, Montello.
Milwaukee-William Kaumheimer, A. C. Umbreit, C. H. Van Alstine, Milwaukee.
Uconto-A. V. Classon, John B. Chase, Frank Megan, Oconto.
Uneida-S. S. Miller, E. D. Minahan, C. F. Smith, Rhinelander.
Outagamie-Thomas H. Ryan, Paul V. Cary, John Morgan, Appleton. vzaukee-William F. Schanen, J. W. Collins, Charles J. Kunny, Port Washington.
Pepin-C. M. Hilliard, C. A. Ingram, E. S. Pattison, A. C. Smith, Durand; H. J. Anderson, Edward E. Blom, Stockholm.
Pierce-George B. Skogmo, J. H. Grimm, River Falls; John E. Foley, Ellsworth.
POIK-C. H. Oakey, Osceola; M. E. Yager, Frederic; M. P. Jerdee, St. Croix Falls.
Fortage-George B. Nelson, L. J. N. Murat, Charles H. Cashin, Stevens Point.
rrice-W. K. Parkinson, J. S. Barry, Phillips; J. W. Hicks, Prentice.
leucine-Peter J. Myers, Fulton Thompson, Racine; George W. Waller, Burlington.
Quemand-P. L. Lincoln, L. H. Bancroft, F. W. Burnham, Richland Center.
Kock-M. O. Mouat, Janesville; T. D. Woolsey, Earl J. Caskey, H. L. Cox, C. H. Christenson, Beloit; Paul N. Grubb, Edgerton.
Rusk-Charles Kirwan, L. E. McGill, T. M. Thomas, Ladysmith.
St. Croix-W. F. McNally, New Richmond; Lynn H. Ashley, Hudson; E. G. Kinney, Baldwin.
Sauk-F. R. Bentley, H. H. Thomas, Baraboo; James A. Stone, Reeds- burg.
Sawyer-J. F. Riordan, A. M. Johnson, S. J. Williams, Hayward. 4
. Shawano-Robert A. Upham, A. M. Andrews, C. F. Dillett, Shawano.
Sheboygan-E. R. Bowler, A. C. Prescott, Sheboygan; M. C. Mead, Plymouth.
Taylor-K. J. Urquhart, A. W. Andresen, E. H. Schweppe, J. B. Hagerty, G. W. Adams, Medford.
Trempealeau-Earl F. Hensel, H. A. Anderson, Whitehall; A. T. Twesme, Galesville; R. S. Cowie, La Crosse.
Vernon-C. W. Graves, Lawrence Grimsrud, J. A. Moen, J. H. Bennett, Viroqua.
Vilas-F. W. Carter, C. H. Wiegand, Finn Lawler, Eagle River.
Walworth-W. C. Norton, Elkhorn; H. O. Hamilton, Whitewater; H. A. Burdick, Lake Geneva.
Washburn-W. J. Knapp, A. M. Sabin, L. H. Mead, Shell Lake; Stephen A. Barrett, Bruce Fleming, Spooner.
Washington-T. O'Meara, C. E. Robinson, West Bend; E. W. Sawyer, Hartford.
Waukesha-Harvey J. Frame, Charles W. Newbury, Waukesha; John A. Kelley, Oconomowoc.
Waupaca-Lloyd D. Smith, John C. Hart, Waupaca; Otto L. Olen, Clintonville.
Waushara-E. F. Kileen, Charles T. Taylor, Wautoma; B. Johnson, Plainfield. .
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Winnebago-Edward J. Dempsey, Henry Barber, John Hume, Oshkosh. Wood-George L. Williams, Grand Rapids; C. B. Edwards, Marshfield; H. E. Fitch, Nekoosa.
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WISCONSIN MEDICAL ADVISORY BOARDS
Board No. 1, City Divisions No. 4, 10 and 13, County Division No. 1, Marquette University School of Medicine, Milwaukee-Drs. H. A. Sifton, Ch., W. H. Washburn, Sec., S. G. Higgins, Richard Dewey, L. M. War- field, M. M. Federspiel, J. A. Bach, L. C. Tisdale, F. H. Munkwitz, S. J. Seeger, B. D. Partridge, M. F. Mac Rae, E. M. Tillson, Errol V. Brum- baugh, W. B. Ford, Milwaukee.
Board No. 2, City Divisions No. 1, 2, 3 and 6, Milwaukee-Drs. D. E. W. W.enstrand, Ch., Hans A. Reinhard, Vice-Ch., H. V. Ogden, H. M. Brown, Edward Quick, Henry Banzof, W. E. Grove, Harry Cohn, D. M. Hopkin- son, J. S. Janssen, J. D. Madison, G. A. Harlow, H. T. Kristjansen, G. W. Fox, G. W. Wilson, R. G. Washburn, W. S. Stanley, A. W. Gray, A. J. Patek, W. G. Hyde, C. A. Fidler, Otto Foerster, E. C. Wermuth, Mil- waukee.
Board No. 3, City Divisions No. 8, 12 and 14, County Division No. 2, Marquette University School of Medicine, Milwaukee-Drs. Louis F. Jer- main, Ch., Edward F. Barta, Sec., Wilbur L. Le Cron, Claude S. Beebe, F. C. Studley, F. W. Bentzein, Albert N. Purdy, Oscar Lotz, R. J. Wenker, J. Lettenberger, W. C. F. Witte, G. R. Ernst, Harry J. Heeb, J. C. Sar- gent, Fred A. Stratton, Rudolph B. Hoerman, L. J. Sykes, Milwaukee.
Board No. 4, City Divisions No. 5, 7, 9, 11 and 15, Milwaukee-Drs. William Thorndike, Ch., G. A. Carhart, Sec., E. A. Fletcher, F. J. Gaens- len, C. J. Coffey, C. A. H. Fortier, V. A. Chapman, G. H. Fellman, C. F. Hardy, P. B. Wright, A. W. Myers, Milwaukee; Dr. W. T. Kradwell, Wauwatosa.
Board No. 5, Outagamie, Waupaca, Calumet and Manitowoc Counties, Appleton-Drs. H. W. Abraham, Ch., Dr. A. E. Rector, Sec., M. J. Sand- born, George T. Hegner, G. E. Johnston, E. H. Brooks, J. B. Maclaren, N. P. Mills, Appleton.
Board No. 6, Ashland, Bayfield, Vilas, Sawyer and Price Counties, Ash- land General Hospital, Ashland-Drs. J. M. Dodd, Ch., A. P. Andrus, A. O. Shaw, F. D. Brennan, M. L. Young, C. J. Smiles, Laura Gilman, Ashland.
Board No. 7, Eau Claire, Chippewa, Barron, Dunn, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix and Polk Counties, Sacred Heart Hospital, Eau Claire-Drs. J. V. R. Lyman, Ch., R. E. Mitchell, Vice-Ch., A. L. Payne, Sec., E. E. Tupper, E. F. Sommermeyer, Sister Augustine, Drs. E. S. Hayes, Joseph C. Baird, Eau Claire.
Board No. 8, Fond du Lac, Dodge, Washington, Waushara and Green Lake Counties, St. Agnes' Hospital, Fond du Lac-Dr. Frank S. Wiley, Ch., Sister M. Frances Clare, Sec., Drs. Oliver M. Layton, W. H. Folsom, T. A. Hardgrove, C. W. Leonard, D. V. Meiklejohn, G. V. Mears, J. Elmer Twohig, Fond du Lac.
Board No. 9, Brown, Kewaunee, Door, Oconto and Forest, St. Mary's Hospital, Green Bay-Drs. William H. Bartran, Warren E. Leaper, James J. Robb, Henry P. Rhode, Ralph M. Carter, Robert L. Cowles, F. R. Houston, Green Bay.
Board No. 10, Rock, Green and Jefferson Counties, Mercy Hospital, Janesville-Drs. F. T. Nye, Ch., E. B. Brown, Sec., J. W. Keithley, W. W. Crockett, Beloit; S. B. Buckmaster, R. J. Hart, Frank Nuzum, T. W. Nuzum, F. B. Welch, W. A. Munn, Janesville.
Board No. 11, Kenosha County, Kenosha Hospital, Kenosha-Drs. Gus- tave Windesheim, Ch., Henry F. Miller, Sec., John H. Cleary, T. W. Ashley, H. E. Briggs, Nelson A. Pennoyer, C. H. Gephart, Herbert A. Robinson, Kenosha.
Board No. 12, La Crosse, Trempealeau, Buffalo, Vernon, Crawford, Monroe, Juneau and Adams Counties, St. Francis Hospital, La Crosse- Drs. Edward Evans, Ch., W. E. Banen, Sec., A. S. Kemp, Dean S. Smith, A. T. Rasmussen, C. Christiansen, George F. Hauser, Charles E. Abel, George W. Lueck, La Crosse.
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Board No. 13, Dane, Columbia, Marquette, Richland and Sauk Coun- ties, University of Wisconsin Clinic, Madison-Drs. Robert Van Valzah, Ch., C. H. Bunting, Sec., C. R. Bardeen, Joseph Dean, S. H. Chase, Howard Curl, H. P. Greeley, F. A. Davis, J. A. E. Eyster, Madison.
Board No. 14, Marinette and Florence Counties, Marinette and Me- nomonie Hospital, Marinette-Drs. T. J. Redelings, Ch., Maurice D. Bird, James V. May, Henry V. Schroeder, E. H. Redeman, Marinette.
Board No. 15, Rusk, Taylor, Clark, Jackson and Wood Counties, Marsh- field Clinic, Marshfield-Drs. Karl Doege, Ch., R. P. Potter, Sec., H. H. Milbee, V. A. Mason, William Hipke, W. H. Poad, Marshfield.
Board No. 16, Winnebago County, Lakeside Hospital, Oshkosh-Drs. F. Gregory Connell, Ch., E. A. Hunt, Sec., G. M. Steele, Adin Sherman, M. L. Christensen, W. P. Wheeler, J. M. Hogan, A. H. Broche, Frank Brockway, Neil Andrews, Oshkosh.
Board No. 17, Grant, Iowa and La Fayette Counties, Wilson Cunning- ham Hospital, Platteville-Drs. Wilson Cunningham, Ch., James Oettiker, Sec., O. E. Gibson, C. M. Schuldt, H. R. Andrew, Platteville; Dr. Daniel L. Brady, Cuba City; Dr. William M. Gratiot, Mineral Point.
Board No. 18, Racine and Walworth Counties, Public Library, Ra- cine-Drs. J. S. Keech, Ch., W. P. Collins, W. S. Haven, Emil L. Tom- pach, L. E. Fazen, C. W. Nott, T. J. McCrory, J. J. Meachem, P. T. Van Orum, F. C. Christensen, Racine.
Board No. 19, Sheboygan and Ozaukee Counties, St. Nicholas Hospital, Sheboygan-Drs. W. F. Zierath, Ch., W. Van Zanten, Sec., A. E. Genter, G. B. Wiles, H. J. Pohland, J. A. Junck, George H. Scheer, Sheboygan.
Board No. 20, Douglas, Burnett and Washburn Counties, St. Mary's Hospital, Superior-Drs. H. J. Orchard, Ch., L. A. Potter,. George Saun- ders, J. M. Donahue, William Strasser, J. A. Baird, A. M. Cattanach, A. C. Hovde, W. E. Ground, Richard Smith, Charles Giesen, Superior.
Board No. 21, Portage County, St. Micheal's Hospital, Stevens Point- Drs. J. W. Coon, Ch., W. W. Gregory, Sec., F. E. Walbridge, E. H. Rogers, D. N. Alcorn, M. A. Padcock, Stevens Foint.
Board No. 22, Waukesha County, Still Rock Sanitorium, Waukesha- Drs. Byron M. Caples, Ch., Wm. E. Nicely, Sec., A. J. Hodgson, Vice-Ch., George E. Peterson, William H. Oatway, F. C. Elliot, J. T. Wardrobe, R. L. Williams, Waukesha.
Board No. 23, Marathon, Shawano, Lincoln, Langlade and Oneida Counties, St. Mary's Hospital, Wausau-Drs. Joseph F. Smith, Ch., Wil- liam E. Zilisch, Sec., D. T. Jones, L. M. Willard, Wausau.
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STATE COUNCIL OF DEFENSE
Wisconsin was the first state in the Union to create a State Council of Defense by legislative act and to perfect the organization of the State and County Councils.
Upon recommendation of Governor E. L. Philipp the legislature passed a bill, April 12, 1917, only six days after the United States entered the war, creating Chapter 82, Laws of 1917, authorizing the organization of the Wisconsin State Council of Defense. Six days later, April 18, the eleven original members, appointed by Gov. Philipp, met in the Executive Chamber and perfected the organization, Magnus Swenson, of Madison, being elected chairman.
The organization of County Councils was begun at once. Plans were prepared, meetings called and a Council of Defense organized in each county in the state. In fact, many counties had already begun organ-
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WISCONSIN BLUE BOOK
izing before the plans of the State Council reached them and some had perfected their Councils of Defense.
At a meeting on April 23, the State Council recommended that County Councils organize local councils "in cities, towns and industrial cen- ters.' Local councils were formed steadily as the county organizations saw the advantage of this decentralization. By means of volunteer or- ganizers who traveled from county to county, this growth was so stimulated that by February 1918, when the Council of National De- fense sent out its first request for the formation of "community" coun- cils, Wisconsin had already completed the work.
On recommendation of the State Council, the Legislature on May 22, 1917, passed a bill (Chapter 241, Laws of 1917) authorizing county, town and village boards, and city councils to appropriate annually for the County Council "a sum not to exceed 3/100 of one mill on the dol- lar." Under the provisions of this statute there was appropriated, in round numbers $235,000 in 1917, and $105,000 in 1918, for the use of County Councils. In addition several thousands of dollars were pro- vided by private subscription. Many County Councils received appro- priations for 1919, but the exact figures are not available.
The following committees were appointed upon organization of the State Council:
Agriculture: To encourage food production and conservation; to aid in securing seeds and fertilizers; to assist in procuring markets for produce; to help in relief of the farm labor shortage; to cooperate with farmers' organizations, county agents, the College of Agriculture, and the State and Federal Departments of Agriculture in protecting and promoting the agricultural and dairy interests of the state.
Auditing: To audit the books of the Council and recommend the distribution of funds to the various committees.
Emergency Employment: To aid in meeting such labor emergencies as might arise in connection with the harvesting season or sudden industrial expansion to meet war needs.
Executive: To outline matters of policy and to act for the Council in the interim between its regular sessions.
Finance: To determine questions of financial policy; to advise with and assist federal authorities in the flotation of federal loans within the state.
Labor: To analyze the labor situation; to cooperate with local, state and federal authorities in matters affecting the supply, distribution and welfare of labor in all occupations; to discourage idleness of both men . and women in every walk of life.
Legal: To furnish counsel on all legal problems; to examine wit- nesses; to aid in investigations; to assist drafted men, men in service and their families in adjusting their business affairs.
Manufactures: To assist the manufacturers of the state in adjusting themselves to war time conditions and meeting its problems.
Medical Preparedness: To provide for the proper supervision and protection of civilian health; to cooperate with organizations of physi- cians, nurses, and dentists, with the professional staffs of hospitals, with federal, state and local health authorities, with the Medical Commission of the Council of National Defense, with the Red Cross and with other relief societies in all matters of health and sanitation.
Military Survey: To study the military potentialities and requirements of the state; to cooperate with the federal government and the state Adjutant General in military matters.
Mineral Resources: To cooperate with the proper authorities to de- rive the greatest war value from the mineral resources of the state.
Mobilization: To assist state and federal governments in mobiliza- tion of the various army units.
Organization: To plan for and supervise the organization of County and Community Councils.
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Patriotic and Recruiting: To stimulate the patriotic spirit of the state; to aid in recruiting for the State Guard and for all units of the U. S. Army and Navy.
Publicity: To disseminate information concerning the activities of the State and County Councils and their committees; to give state-wide publicity to the causes of the war, the issues involved and the im- portance of America's participation; to cooperate with the Publicity Director of the Council of National Defense.
Red Cross and Relief: To cooperate with the Red Cross and all re- lief organizations in providing personnel, funds and materials for re- lief work at home and abroad.
Science and Research: To co-operate with scientists and inventors in placing the results of their researches before the proper army officers.
Transportation and Communication: To study the problems of steam, electric, motor car and water borne transportation; to assist in re- lieving transportation difficulties; to keep in touch with telephonic and telegraphic conditions.
Women's Organizations: To organize and co-ordinate the woman power of the state; to cooperate with state organizations of women and with the Woman's committee, Council of National Defense; to aid in the proper adjustment of women to the altered home and industrial conditions brought about by the war.
The following additional committees were appointed as necessity re- quired:
Americanization: To promulgate American ideals among all the peo- ple of the state; to further the use of the English language; to promote the study of American institutions; to discourage sectionalism among foreigners and those of foreign birth.
Capital Issues: To cooperate with the state representatives of the Federal Capital Issues Committee in selecting county committees and in passing upon proposed bond issues.
Highways Transport: To cooperate with Highways Transport com- mittee of the Council of National Defense in promoting the use of highways for motor transportation to relieve rail and water congestion.
History: To outline and organize a comprehensive war history of the state and to direct and supervise the collection and recording of material in the counties.
Liberty Music: To encourage community singing of patriotic songs; to organize and enroll for voluntary service at patriotic meetings, choruses, bands, orchestras, etc.
Non-War Construction: To carry out in the state the program of the non-war construction section of the Federal War Industries Board for the curtailment of all non-war construction.
Reconstruction : To plan, with state and federal authorities, for the rehabilitation of disabled soldiers and sailors; to provide employment for returned soldiers and sailors, to aid in the general readjustment to peace conditions.
Soldier Pal: To provide, through county and local committees, for a "pal" for each soldier and sailor, so that all might be kept in touch with home news.
Speakers: To furnish speakers on patriotic and special subjects as required in any part of the state; to supply bulletins, pamphlets and other literature for information of speakers; to foster and encourage public meetings; to aid in all war "drives".
The Organization
All the work of the State Council of Defense was handled directly through its committees or indirectly through the County Councils. Each State Council committee was represented by a similar committee in each County Council, and the County Councils were further decentralized into
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the corresponding committees of their local or community councils. Under this arrangement it was possible within 24 to 48 hours, to reach several thousand active war workers.
In all its work the Council had close and whole-hearted cooperation from the legislature and its committees, all departments of the state government, the University, College of Agriculture, Normal schools, pub- lic schools, and state organizations of labor, farmers, merchants, bank- ers and professional men. No other body could possibly have been so universally favored with counsel, moral support, and active assistance of so many able men and thoroughly equipped organizations.
Through this Council of Defense system or by its aid, were developed all the federal agencies which operated in the state during the war; the Food Administration, Fuel Administration, Explosives Regulation, Lib- erty Loan, War Savings Stamps, Red Cross, United War Fund, and pri- vate volunteer organizations secured their county chairmen and local committees on recommendation or from the membership of the County Council. Many County Councils, as such, handled all activities.
These thousands of men and women, giving their time and energy voluntarily to Council of Defense work, would not be available for other services at any salary that could be paid. They comprised the pick of the state's men and women; the best and most prominent in every activity. No worthy organization of any type could be established on a state-wide basis without drawing heavily on the Council of Defense workers. No organization could be formed in less than two years' time which would begin to compare with the Council of Defense system in varied ability, number of capable persons involved, thoroughness of cooperation, speed, smoothness, and efficiency of operation.
The many real accomplishments of good done by the Council of De- fense could not be chronicled in an entire volume. The various com- mittees were divided into sub-committees, which with expert advisory members were able to investigate anything and everything that came within their province and to secure immediate action.
When in April 1917 the Council of National Defense sent out a call for the planting of more potatoes than ever before, the Marketing com- mittee of the State Council, through the assistance of the County Coun- cils ascertained there was an apparent shortage of seed potatoes, and on April 20 secured an option for two weeks on 100 cars of seed potatoes at $3 per bushel. This provided ample seed for the state and resulted in the production of more than thirty million bushels of potatoes that year. At the same time the committee secured several cars of beans for seed which resulted in 18,000 acres being planted with beans from which an enormous crop was harvested.
As the result of conditions a Marketing Department was established by the State Council in September 1917 which arranged for the dis- posal of 700,000 pounds of rough fish to the people of the state at the retail price of 6 cents per pound. Potatoes, apples, etc., were marketed in carload lots. For the most part these were handled through the County Councils, city markets or city sealers of weights and measures, eliminating the middleman's profit. The Marketing Agent of the State Council of Defense acted in the capacity of intermediary to bring buyer and seller, producer and consumer together, saving thousands of dol- lars to the people, both the farmer and city consumer. From April 23 to Dec. 31, 1918 the Marketing Agent handled $167,311.15 worth of apples, beans, onions and potatoes at an administrative cost of less than one per cent, and 65,300 pounds of rough fish, in cooperation with the Con- servation Commission, which was sold to the consumer at retail for 7 cents per pound.
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