USA > Wisconsin > Wisconsin: comprising sketches of counties, towns, events, institutions, and persons, arranged in cyclopedic form: > Part 13
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Ellison Bay, a post village and summer resort on the shore of Green Bay in Door county, 40 miles north of Sturgeon Bay, the county seat. Its population is 60.
Ellisville, a country postoffice of Kewaunee county, 9 miles west of Kewaunee, the county seat.
Ellsworth .- This is the judicial scat of Pierce county and is on the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry. It has a bank. a population of 1,060 and two weekly newspapers, the Record and the Pierce County Ilerald.
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Elmgrove, a post town of 100 people on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. in Waukesha county, 12 miles from Waukesha, the county seat.
Elmhurst, a post town with a population of 250 on the C. & N. W. Ry. in Langlade county, 6 miles south of Antigo, the county seat.
Elmo, a post town with 22 people on the C. & N. W. Ry., in Grant county, 26 miles southeast of Lancaaster, the county seat.
Elmore, a discontinued postoffice in Fond du Lac county.
Elmore, Andrew E .- Mr. Elmore was a man prominent in the early development of the state. He was born in New Platz Land- ing, N. Y., May 8, 1814. In 1839 moved to Mukwanago in this state. In 1846 he was a member of the first constitutional con- vention, and served in the territorial legislature; and again in 1860 was elected a member of the assembly. He was prominent as a member of the state board of charities and reform in organizing the reformatory, charitable and penal institutions of the state. From 1863 until his death on January 13, 1906, he resided at Fort Howard. He was familiarly called the "Sage of Mukwanago."
Elmwood, a post village of 300 population on the Eau Galle river and Cady creek, and the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry., in Pierce county, 22 miles northeast of Ellsworth, the county seat.
Elo, a country postoffice on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. in Winne- bago county, 13 miles southwest of Oshkosh, the county seat.
Elpaso, a discontinued postoffice in Pierce county, 10 miles east of Ellsworth, the county seat.
Elroy .- This city of 2,011 is located at the junction of the C. & N. W. and the C., St. P., M. & O. Rys., and on the Baraboo river, in Juneau county, 14 miles southwest of Mauston, the county seat. There are two banks and two weeklies, the Leader and the Tribune.
Elton, a post village of 165 people on the C. & N. W. Ry. and Evergreen creek, in Langlade county, 16 miles east of Antigo, the county seat.
Ely, Richard T., head of the department of economics and politi- cal economy in the University of Wisconsin and distinguished as a writer upon economic and sociological questions, was born in Ripley, N. Y., in 1854; attended Dartmouth college for a time
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but was graduated from Columbia in 1876. He received the de- gree of Ph. D. from the University of Heidelburg, Germany, in 1879, and later the degree of LL. D. from another university. He held the chair of political economy in Johns Hopkins university until 1892 when he came to the University of Wisconsin. Dr. Ely has published a large number of works, his best known being "The Past and Present of Political Economy," "The Labor Movement in America," "Political Economy" and "Socialism."
Embarrass, an incorporated post village with a population of 285, on the Embarrass river and the C. & N. W. Ry. in Waupaca county. The original settlement of the place was in 1860. It is 36 miles northeast of Waupaca, the county seat.
Embarrass River rises in Shawano county, flows south across northeast portion of Waupaca county into Outagamie, where it joins the Wolf river.
Emerald, a post town of 100 people on the W. C. Ry. in St. Croix county, 30 miles northeast of Hudson, the county seat.
Emerald Grove, a discontinued postoffice in Rock county.
Emery, a country postoffice in Price county, 12 miles east of Phillips, the county seat.
Emet .- See Island Lake.
Emet, a country postoffice in Rusk county, Appollonia being the nearest station.
Emmerich, a country postoffice in Marathon county, 18 miles northwest of Wausau, the county seat.
Employment Bureaus, Public .- Sce Commissioner of Labor Sta- tistics.
Endeavor, a post town of 150 people on the W. C. Ry. and the Fox river in Marquette county, 13 miles southwest of Montello, the county seat. It was formerly called Merritville.
Engineer, The Wisconsin, is a semi-annual magazine published at Madison by the faculty and students of the college of engineering of the University of Wisconsin. It is devoted to engineering topics.
English Rule, Wisconsin Under .- With the ceding of New France by the French in 1763, Wisconsin, with the remainder of
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the vast territory included, passed under British dominion. There was little actual rule over the great wilderness but by the "Quebec Act" in 1724 King George III made the Wisconsin country a part of Quebec and thus it remained until the close of the Revolutionary war. By the treaty of 1783 the country northwest of the Ohio and eastward of the Mississippi river was ceded by the British to the United States, but England in disregard of the treaty pro- visions still held posts in the territory up to 1296, Green Bay being included as a British dependeney.
Engoe, a country postoffice in Bayfield county, 412 miles south- west of Washburn, the county seat.
Ephraim, a post village with a population of 200 on the shore of Green Bay in Door county, 30 miles northeast of Sturgeon Bay, the county seat.
Erly, a discontinued postoffice in Kenosha county.
Esch, John Jacob, was born near Norwalk, Monroe county, Wis- consin, March 20, 1861, was graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1882; and from the law department of the same in- stitution in 1887. In 1900 he was elected to represent the seventh district in congress and was re-elected in 1902 and 1904. His home is in La Crosse.
Esdaile, a discontinued postoffice in Pierce county.
Esofea, a post town of 40 people on the North Bad Axe river in Vernon county, 4 miles northwest of Viroqua, the county seat.
Estella, a post village in Chippewa county, 26 miles northeast of Chippewa Falls, the county seat. Its population is 350.
Etna, a country postoffice in La Fayette county, 18 miles south- west of Darlington, the county seat.
Ettrick, a post village of 255 on Beaver creek, a water power stream, in Trempealeau county, 18 miles southeast of Whitehall, the county seat.
Eureka, a post village with a population of 300 on the Fox river in Winnebago county, 16 miles west of Oshkosh, the county seat.
Euren, a post town with a population of 200, in Kewaunee county, 15 miles northwest of Kewaunee, the county seat. 11
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Evansville, an incorporated city whose population is 2,116. It is in Rock county on the C. & N. W. Ry., 16 miles northwest of Janesville, the county seat. It supports two banks and four weekly newspapers, the Badger, the Enterprise, the Tribune and the Review.
Evergreen, a country postoffice in Polk county, 28 miles north- west of Balsam Lake, the county seat.
Excelsior, a post village, whose population is 300, on Knapp's creek in Richland county, 20 miles southwest of Richland Center, the county seat.
Executive Residence .- The legislature of 1885 authorized the purchase of a permanent residence for the governor to be held by the state. A commission consisting of two senators and three assemblymen was appointed, and $20,000 appropriated for the pur- chase. The property bought is on East Gilman street in the city of Madison and had been owned for several years by the then gov- ernor, J. M. Rusk.
Executive, The State .- The constitution provides that the ex- ecutive power of the state shall be vested in a governor who shall hold office for two years, and that a lientenant governor shall be elected at the same time for the same term Nc person except a citizen of the United States and a qualified elector of the state is eligible to the office of governor or lieutenant governor. The gov- ernor is commander-in-chief of the military and naval forces of the state. He has power to convene the legislature on extraordinary occasions. Ile has power to grant reprieves, commutations and pardons except in cases of treason and impeachment. His com- pensation is $5,000 a year, and he is furnished beside an executive residence .- Sce Constitution.
Exile, a country postoffice of Pierce county, 20 miles east of Ells- worth, the county seat.
Extension, University .- See University Extension.
Fairburn, a country postoffice of Green Lake county, 15 miles north of Dartford, the county seat.
Fairchild, a post village of 806 people on the F. & N. E. and the
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C., St. P., M. & O. Ry., in Eau Claire county, 32 miles southeast of Ean Claire, the county seat. The village was first settled in 1855. There is a bank and a weekly newspaper, the Observer.
Fairchild, Lucius .- This distinguished citizen of Wisconsin, served two terms as secretary of state; three terms as governor ; was United States consul general at Liverpool, and afterward at Paris, and United States minister to Spain. He was born in Kent, Ohio, December 21, 1830, and came to Wisconsin in 1846. He en- tered service in the War of Secession in 1861 as captain, served in the army of the Potomac, and lost an arm at Gettysburg. He rose to the rank of brigadier general. Beside the offices mentioned he was commander-in-chief of the G. A. R. and a member of the com- mission appointed to negotiate for the Cherokee lands. He died in Madison, May 23, 1896.
Fairfield, a discontinued postoffice in Rock county.
Fair Play, a post village of 125 people in Grant county, 30 miles southeast of Lancaster, the county seat.
Fairwater is a post village on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. and the Grand river, in Fond du Lac county, 26 miles west of Fond du Lac, the county seat. The population of 350 supports a bank and a weekly newspaper, the Fairwater Register.
Fall Creek, a post village of 550 people on the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry., is in Eau Claire county, 14 miles south east of Eau Claire, the county seat. There is a bank in Fall Creek.
Fall River, a post village on Crawfish creek, a water power stream, and a station on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. in Columbia county, 25 miles southeast of Portage, the county seat. The population of 380 sustains a bank.
Falun, a country postoffice in Burnett county, 8 miles east of Grantsburg, the county seat.
Fancher, a post station with a population of 125 on the G. B. & W. R. R., in Portage county, 12 miles southeast of Stevens Point, the county seat.
Farmhill, a postoffice in Pierce county with 25 inhabitants, 18 miles from Ellsworth, the county seat.
Farmington, a discontinued postoffice in Jefferson county.
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Farm Institutes .- These are conducted under the auspices of the College of Agriculture of the University of Wisconsin, with a su- perintendent. Each institute is conducted by four or five skilled farmers, assisted by specialists in the various departments of farm work. Five 'corps of instructors are employed and about 100 in- stitutes are held annually in various parts of the state, mainly in those sections least accessible. It is estimated that about 50,000 farmers and their families attended the institutes in 1905. The farm institute originated in Wisconsin and this was the first state to make legislative provision for them. The first was held in Hud- son in 1885 under state auspices. Schools of cooking and domestic science for farmers' wives are now held in connection with the in- stitutes. Of late years it has been the policy to hold the institutes in sections remote from railways and large centers. So famous have the institutes become that in 1897 the Russian government sent a commission to study them, and the commission pronounced the Wisconsin system the best and most effective in existence. Bulle- tins are published each year containing the principal addresses and articles on the subjects discussed, and 60,000 of these are distributed free.
Farm Mortgage Land Company, Wisconsin .- See Railroad Land Grants.
Farwell, Leonard J., the second governor of the state, was born in Watertown. N. Y .. January 3, 1819. He came to Milwaukee in 1840, and after spending a year in Europe returned and was elected governor in 1851. Later, in 1860, he was elected a member of the legislature. He died in Grant City, Mo., April 11, 1889.
Fayette, a post town of 80 people in La Fayette county, 875 miles northeast of Darlington, the county seat.
Fayetteville, a post station of 40 people on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. in Walworth county, 6 miles north of Elkhorn, the county seat.
Featherstonhaugh, George, was an English geologist who visited Wisconsin in 1837 to investigate and report upon the mineral re- sources of the state, with especial reference to the lead regions. On his return to England he wrote an interesting book describing his travels.
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Featherstonhaugh, George W., was a member of the constitu- tional convention of 1847, and later a member of the legislature. He was a surveyor by profession and was a resident of Calumet county in territorial days. Hle afterward made his home in Mil- waukee and died in Gurnee, 111., June 10, 1900.
Feeble Minded, Home for the .- See Reformatory, Charitable and Penal Institutions.
Fence, a country postoffice in Florence county, 22 miles south of Florence, the county seat.
Fence Lake is in Vilas county, within the Flambeau Indian reser- vation. Bolton is at the north end.
Fennimore, a post village on the C. & N. W. Ry. in Grant county, 12 miles north of Lancaster, the county seat. It was orig- inally settled in 1846 and has a population of 1,053. There are two banks and a newspaper, the Fennimore Times.
Fenwood, a village on the C. & N. W. Ry. in Marathon county, 23 miles southwest of Wausau, the county seat. The original set- tlement of the place was in 1891. Its population is 198.
Fern, a country postoffice in Rusk county, 20 miles southeast of Ladysmith, the county seat.
Ferryville, a post village on the Mississippi river and the C., B. & R. R. in Crawford county, 23 miles north of Prairie du Chien, the county seat. Its population is 275.
Fertilla, a discontinued postoffice in Marathon county.
Fifield, a post village of 400 people on the W. C. Ry. and the south fork of the Flambeau river in Price county, 14 miles north of Phillips, the county seat.
Filbey, a country postoffice in Washburn county, 12 miles north of Shell Lake, the county seat.
Fillmore, a post village of 200 population on the north branch of the Milwaukee river in Washington county, 10 miles northeast of West Bend, the county seat.
Finley, a postoffice of 25 people and a station on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. in Juneau county, 33 miles north of Mauston, the county seat.
Finn, a discontinued postoffice in Lincoln county.
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Fiscal Year, State, begins July 1 ; ends June 30.
Fish Creek, a post village of 300 population on Green bay in Door county, 25 miles north of Sturgeon Bay, the county seat.
Fish and Game, Protection of .- A state fish and game warden is appointed by the governor, who, with his deputies, are commis- sioned to enforce the laws for the protection of fish and game. The laws prescribe open and closed seasons, and as both fish and wild game grow scareer, the laws are more strictly enforced. The state warden appoints his deputies, and upon the recommendation of the county judge, district attorney and county clerk, may also appoint deputies for counties at the latter's expense. The state warden re- ceives a salary of $2,000. The protection of fish and game costs the state more than $100,000 a year. This money is raised from the sale of hunters' licenses.
Fish Lake is in Sawyer county within the Court Oreilles Indian reservation. Hayward is the nearest railroad station.
Fish River is a small stream in Bayfield county, flowing north- east into Chequamegon bay, Lake Superior.
Fisher River rises in Taylor county, flows west into Chippewa county, where it joins the Chippewa river.
Fisheries, Commissioners of, was established as a board in 1874. The membership was increased from 3 to 7 in 1878. Six are ap- pointed by the governor and he is a member, ex-officio. Later the head professor of zoology of the University of Wisconsin was made a member ex-officio. The commission maintains four hatcheries, one near Madison for the propagation of trout ; one at Bayfield for trout and whitefish; one at Oshkosh for pike, whitefish and lake trout, and one near Minocqua for muskellunge and black bass. The commission has a specially fitted car for the collection and distribu- tion of spawn and fish. About $30,000 a year is expended in carry- ing on the work.
Fisk, a post village of 150 on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. in Winne- bago county, 9 miles southwest of Oshkosh, the county seat.
Fitchburg, a post station of 75 people on the I., C. R. R. in Dane county, 10 miks south of Madison.
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Five Points, a country postoffice in Richland county, 14 miles west of Richland Center, the county seat.
Flambeau, a country postoffice in Rusk county, 18 miles south of Ladysmith, the county seat
Flambeau River .- The main river is the confluence of two forks, one of which rises in Manitowish lakes, Iron and Vilas counties, flows southwest across southeast corner of Ashland county into Price and Sawyer; the other branch rises in Round lake, Price county, flows west across the county into Sawyer county where the two branches join to make the main river; this flows southwest into Chippewa county and the Chippewa river.
Flat Lake is in Sawyer county. Spooner in Washburn county, and Hayward, in Sawyer county, both furmshing railroad facilities, are about equally distant.
Flintville, a post town of 125 population on the Big Suamico river in Brown county, 12 miles northwest of Green Bay, the county seat.
Florence, a village on Fisher lake and the C. & N. W. Ry., the juchcial seat of the county of the same name. Settled in 1880, its present population is about 1,200. It supports a bank and a weekly newspaper, the Mining News.
Florence County, in the northeastern part of the state, is named after the Florence Mining company. It was organized in 1882. The soil is a light clayey loam in the western part ; in the eastern part it is sandy, with some swamp. The county covers 498 square miles and has a population (1905 census) of 3,522 The county seat is Florence.
Florence Nightingale Union .- A society of volunteer nurses or- ganized in 1861 to be subject to the call of the governor when a requisition was made upon him for hospital aid during the War of Secession. It became later an auxiliary of the United States sani- tary commission.
Fond du Lac .- This city has a population of 17,284, and is the county seat of the county of the same name. It is at the southern end of Lake Winnebago, having transportation facilities in this way through the Fox river to the Great Lakes, and is an important sta-
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tion of the W. C., the C. & N. W., and the C., M. & St. P. Ry. There are four banks, three dailies, the Reporter, the News, and the Commonwealth, and three weekly newspapers, the Saturday Re- porter, the Weekly Commonwealth and the Nordwestlicher Courier and Daheim. Fond du Lac is the location of Grafton Hall, a young ladies' school under the auspices of the Protestant Episcopal church.
Fond du Lac County is in the southeastern part of the state, its name being the French for "lower end, or foot of the lake." It is one of the territorial counties, having been organized in 1836. The soil around Lake Winnebago is a heavy red clay ; in other sections it is loamy. The census of 1905 gives a population of 50,825; its area is 720 square miles. The city of Fond du Lac is the county seat.
Fontana, a post town of 350 people and a well known summer resort in Walworth county, 11 miles southwest of Elkhorn, the county seat.
Fontenoy, a country postoffice of Brown county, 16 miles south- east of Green Bay, the county seat.
Food Adulteration .- See Dairy and Food Commissioner.
Footville, a post village on the C. & N. W. Ry. in Rock county, 10 miles west of Janesville, the county seat. Its population is 300.
Foreign Groups .- Secretary R. G. Thwaites of the state historical society ranks the foreign population of Wisconsin according to numbers as follows: Germans, Scandinavians, Irish, English, Canadians, Bohemians, Dutch, French and Italians. The Germans are most numerous in Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Washington, Sheboy- gan, Manitowoc, Outagamie, Fond du Lac, Sauk, Waupaca, Dane, Marathon, Grant, Waushara, Green Lake, Langlade and Clark counties. The Scandinavians (Norwegians, Danes and Icelanders) in Dane, Pierce, St. Croix, Eau Claire, Waushara, Waupaca, Wash- burn, Winnebago, Portage, Buffalo, Trempealeau, Barron, Door, Bayfield, Florence, Lincoln, Rock, Racine, Milwaukee, Grant and Oneida counties. The Swedes in Douglas, Price, Taylor, Door, Jackson and Portage counties. The Bohemians in Kewaunee, Marathon, Adams, Crawford, Grant, Columbia, Trempealeau, Lang-
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lade and Washington counties. The Belgians in Door, Lincoln, Kewaunee and Brown counties. The Polanders in Milwaukee, Manitowoc, Racine, Dodge, Waushara, Door, Kewaunee, l'ortage, Marathon, Langlade and Buffalo counties. The Welsh in Wau- kesha, Waushara, Sauk, Winnebago, Columbia, Dodge, Racine and Monroe counties. The Italians in Vernon, Washburn and Florence counties. The Russians mostly in Milwaukee. The Dutch in Mil- waukee, La Crosse, Sheboygan, Washington, Fond du Lac, Outagamie and Brown counties. The Swiss mostly in Green, but some in Buffalo, Pierce, Winnebago and Fond du Lac counties. The Irish in Sauk, Fond du Lac, La Fayette, Waupaca, Washburn, Pierce and Dodge counties. The English (Cornish) in the lead re- gion (Iowa, Green and La Fayette) and in Columbia, Juneau and Dane counties. The Scotch in Columbia, Buffalo, Green Lake, Kenosha, Marathon and Trempealeau counties. The Finlanders in Iron, Ashland and Douglas counties. The Austrians in Kewau- nee county. The French (Canadian) in Dayfield, Crawford, Lin- coln, St. Croix and La Fayette counties, besides Creoles at Green Bay, Kaukauna and Prairie du Chien.
Foreign Wars of United States, Military Order of .- This order organized soon after the close of the Spanish-American war. The Wisconsin commandery has its headquarters in Milwaukee. Right to membership is derived from personal service in the war with Mexico, the Spanish-American war, war with the Filipinos, or the Chinese Boxer uprising; or from inheritance from ancestors who fought with England, France or the Algerians.
Forest, a discontinued postoffice in St. Croix county.
Forest County is in the northeastern part of the state, named thus because a part of the vast forest which then covered the northern portion of the state. Its organization was completed in 1885. The soil is a light clayey loam. The 1905 census gave it a population of 5,968 and its area is 1,276 square miles. , The county seat is Cran- don.
Forest Junction, a post village of 250 people at the junction of the C. & N. W. and the C., M. & St. P. Rys. in Calumet county, 12 miles north of Chilton, the county seat. It is also called Baldwin.
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Forestry Commission, State .- The legislature of 1903 provided for a state forestry commission consisting of two members ap- pointed by the governor, with the secretary of state, state treasurer and attorney general, the purposes being to promote a general in- terest in forestry, and to preserve the forests of the state from care- less or wanton destruction. This commission appoints a superin- tendent of forests, who is ex-officio fire warden, at a salary of $2,500.
Forests, Superintendent of .- See Forestry Commission.
Forestville, a post village of 300 population on the A & W. Ry. and the Wolf river in Door county, 12 miles southwest of Sturgeon Bay, the county seat.
Forks, a country postoffice in Brown county, 4 miles southeast of Green Bay, the county seat.
Fort Atkinson, with a population of 3,300, is on the C. & N. W. Ry. and the Rock river in Jefferson county, 534 miles southwest of Jefferson, the county seat. There are three weekly newspapers, Jefferson County Union, Jefferson County Democrat, and Hoard's Dairyman, and two banks. There was originally a fort here, named in honor of Gen. Atkinson, who made it his headquarters in 1832 prior to his pursuit of Black Hawk and his band. It was first called Fort Koshkonong.
Fort Beauharnois was built in 1827 by Sieur de la Perriers Boucher on the west shore of Lake Pepin. For many years the site of this fort was believed to be on the Wisconsin side, but later investigations have located it about where Frontenac, Minn., now stands, opposite Maiden Rock, Wis.
Fort Crawford was located on the Mississippi river just above the mouth of the Wisconsin, close to the site of the present city of Prairie du Chien (q. v.). It was built by fur traders and early set- tlers about 1805. In the war of 1812 it was captured by the British and named Fort McKay. It was renamed Fort Crawford on its evacuation by the British in 1816 in honor ot Wm. H. Crawford, the then secretary of the treasury.
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