USA > Wisconsin > Wisconsin: comprising sketches of counties, towns, events, institutions, and persons, arranged in cyclopedic form: > Part 16
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Hilbert, an incorporated village on the W. C. and the C., M. & St. P. Rys. in Calumet county, 7 miles north of Chilton, the county seat. First settled in 1874, its present population of 591 supports a bank.
Hilburn, a discontinued postoffice in Walworth county.
Hilda, a country postoffice in Shawano county, 12 miles from Shawano, the county seat.
Hiles, a post town of 200 people on the C. & N. W. Ry. in Forest county, 16 miles northwest of Crandon, the county seat.
Hillsboro, an incorporated village on the west branch of the Baraboo river and the H. & N. E. Ry. in Vernon county, 40 miles northeast of Viroqua, the county seat. It was settled in 1854. Its population of 804 supports two banks and a weekly newspaper, the Sentry-Enterprise.
Hillsdale, a postoffice of 65 people on the M., St. P. & S. Ste. M. Ry., in Barron county, 6 miles south of Barron, the county seat.
Hillside, a country postoffice in Iowa county, the location of the Hillside Home School, 15 miles north of Dodgeville, the county scat.
Hines, a country postoffice in Douglas county, 16 miles southeast of Superior, the county seat. It is a station on the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry.
Hingham, a post village with a population of 200 on the Onion
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river in Sheboygan county, 14 miles southwest of Sheboygan, the county seat.
Hinkle, a postoffice of 50 people out the C. & N. W. Ry. in Iron county, 4 miles from Hurley, the county seat.
Hintz, a country postoffice in Oconto county, 32 miles west of Oconto, the county seat.
Historical Society, State .- This society ranks third in importance among American historical societies and is the leading one west of the Alleghany mountains. It was organized in 1846 with Hyatt Smith president and reorganized in 1849 with Nelson Dewey, then governor, president, and Increase A. Lapham, secretary. Not until 1853 did the society begin to show a healthy growth. In 1854 Dr. Lyman C. Draper was chosen secretary. He held the position 33 years, until 1887, when he declined re-election. He was succeeded by Reuben G. Thwaites, who had been assistant secretary for two years. To the work of these two secretaries the chief credit must be given for the wonderfully successful development and the fact that the society's library is now considered one of the most valu- able in the world. In some departments, notably in material re- lating to the early history of the northwest, it is considered to excel all other libraries. In 1854 when Dr. Draper took direction of the work, the library contained but 50 volumes and pamphlets, and there was no museum nor art gallery and a small section of the secretary of state's office was used for its purpose. Later, for a number of years, the library was boused in the basement of the First Baptist church on N. Carroll street, Madison. Then the library and the museum outgrew the church and it was domiciled on the second floor of the south wing of the capitol building. And now it is finally housed in the society's building (q. v.) on the lower campus of the University of Wisconsin. The society has an annual accession of about ten thousand titles, which now numbers more than 300,000 titles. It has a notable collection of works by Wis- consin authors. Its collection of bound MSS. covering the frontier history of the Mississippi basin numbers 600 large volumes. In western and southern history it excels all other libraries. Its pub- lished collections now number 17 volumes and they contain sub-
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stantially all the material now available for the history of the state. Its musemin of ethnology, archeology, and history and its hand- some portrait gallery with oil portraits of over 300 pioneers and famous Indians, and its collection of Indian relics and the War of Secession relies attract upward of 65,000 visitors annually. The several publications of the society take high rank among men of letters everywhere and are eagerly sought for by students from all parts of the world. The society is supported by an annual appro- priation of $20,000 by the state. Beside this there is a small income from a fund of $27,000 set aside for a binding fund. There is an antiquarian fund of $6,000; the Draper fund consists of property worth about $9,000; the Mary M. Adams fund is $4,600 for the purchase of works of art for the museum, or books on art for the library.
Hixton, a post village of 300 population on the G. B. & W. R. R. and the Trempealeau river in Jackson county, 12 miles northwest of Black River Falls, the county seat.
Hoard, William Dempster, was born October 10, 1836, in Stock- bridge, Madison county, New York. He came to Wisconsin in October, 1857; served four years in the war of secession. In 1870 commenced the publication of the Jefferson County Union at Lake Mills. In 1822 he was sergeant-at-arms of the state senate and in 1888 was nominated and elected governor on the republican ticket. In 1890 he was defeated for re-election by the Bennett law issue (q. v.).
Hobart, Harrison Carroll, was born January 31, 1815, in Wor- cester county, Mass .; was graduated from Dartmouth college in 1842 and was admitted to the New Hampshire bar in 1845; he came to Sheboygan, Wis., in 1846; served in the territorial legislature and in the first state senate. In 1860 he was the democratic candidate for governor. Enlisted as a captain in the War of Secession and rose to the rank of brigadier general. Was captured by the Confed- erate troops and sent to Libby prison, where he devised a plan whereby 109 Union prisoners escaped. Again in 1865 he was the democratic gubernatorial candidate against Gen. Fairchild and in
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1867 was again a member of the assembly. His death occurred January 26, 1902.
Hochheim, a country postoffice in Dodge county, 14 miles south- east of Juneau, the county seat.
Hofa Park, a post town with a population of 130 in Shawano county, 22 miles southeast of Shawano, the county seat.
Hogarty, a country postoffice in Marathon county, 22 miles north- east of Wausau, the county seat.
Holcombe, a post town with a population of 150 people on the C .. St. P., M. & O. Ry. in Chippewa county, 28 miles from Chip- Dewa Falls, the county seat.
Holidays, Legal .- Aside from Sundays there are eight legal holi- days recognized in Wisconsin. They are New Year's day, Wash- ington's birthday (Feb. 22), Memorial Day (May 30), Independ- ence day (July 1), Labor day (the first Monday in September), general election day (the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November every second year), Thanksgiving day (the last Thurs- day in November) and Christmas day.
Holland, a postoffice of 20 people in Brown county, 22 miles south of Green Bay, the county seat.
Hollandale, a post village on the I. C. Ry. in lowa county, 131/2 miles southeast of Dodgeville, the county seat. Its population of 300 supports a bank and a weekly newspaper, the Weekly Review.
Holliday's Mill, a discontinued postoffice in Adams county.
Holmen, a post village with a population of 150 in La Crosse county, 11 miles north of La Crosse, the county seat.
Holt, a postoffice of 30 people in Marathon. county, 28 miles south- east of Wausau, the county seat.
Holton, Edward D., born in Lancaster, N. H., April 28, 1815, a lineal descendant of Israel Putnam, came to Milwaukee in 1840. In 1849 he was a leading spirit in the organization of the first rail- way company in the state. In 1862 he was one of the commis- sioners appointed to allot the pay of Wisconsin soldiers in the War of Secession ; in 1843-44 he was high sheriff of Milwaukee county ; in 1853 the free-soil candidate for governor ; in 1856 the anti-slav- ery candidate for United States senator ; in 1876 state commissioner
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to the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. For several years he was president of the Home Missionary society of the Congrega- tional church. He died in Milwaukee in 1890.
Holy Cross, a discontinued postoffice in Ozaukee county.
Honey Creek, a post village with a population of 300 on a creek of the same name and the W. C. Ry. in Walworth county, 17 miles northeast of Elkhorn, the county seat.
Hook Lake, in Dane county, is a feeder of Lake Kegonsa. Ore- gon is the nearest railroad station.
Hopkins, Benjamin Franklin, was born in Hebron, N. Y., April 22, 1829. He came to Madison in 1849; was private secretary to Gov. Bashford 1856-57; member of the state senate in 1861 and of the assembly of 1865. Ile was a republican representative from Wisconsin in the 40th and 41st congresses. Ilis death occurred in Madison January 1, 1870, before the end of his second term.
Horicon, an incorporated city of Dodge county, on the Rock river and the C., M. & St. P. Ry., 6 miles northeast of Juneau, the county seat. The population of 1,600 supports a newspaper, the Reporter, and a bank.
Horns Corners, a post town of 50 people in Ozaukee county, 10 miles southwest of Port Washington, the county seat.
Horseman, a country postoffice in Barron county, 24 miles north of Barron, the county seat.
Hortonville, a post village of Outagamie county and a station of the C. & N. W. Ry., 14 miles northwest of Appleton, the county seat. First settled in 1849, its present population is 890. A bank is supported, and also a weekly newspaper, the Weekly Review.
Hospital for the Insane, Northern .- See Reformatory, Charitable and Penal Institutions.
Hospital for the Insane, Wisconsin .- Sce Reformatory, Charit- able and Penal Institutions.
Houghton, a post town on the shore of Lake Superior and a sta- tion of the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry., in Bayfield county, 312 miles north of Washburn, the county seat. Its population is 112.
Iloulton, a post village of 500 people on the St. Croix river in St. Croix county, 7 miles northwest of Hudson, the county seat.
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Howard Grove, a post village on the Pigeon river in Sheboygan county, 8 miles northwest of Sheboygan, the judicial seat of the county. It was formerly called Howard and has a population of 180.
Howe, Timothy O., a circuit court judge and ex-officio mem- ber of the supreme court, and for 18 years United States senator, was born in Livermore, Me., February 24, 1816. He was a mem- ber of the Maine legislature in 1845, and the same year he moved to Milwaukee. He was elected judge of the circuit court in 1850 and served until 1855, acting for part of that period as a justice of the supreme court. He was three times elected to the United States senate and after 18 years of service in that body he became in 1882 postmaster general in President Arthur's cabinet. He died in Washington March 25, 1883. His remains rest in the cemetery at Green Bay.
Hoxie, Vinnie Ream, a famous sculptress born in Madison, Wis., September 23, 1846. She studied art in Europe after attaining a reputation in this country in modelling busts and statues. She married Capt. Rich. L. Hoxie May 25, 1878. Her marble statue of Lincoln was ordered by the government, and her bronze of Farragut is in Farragut Square, Washington, D. C.
Hubbell, Levi, a circuit judge presiding over the circuit com- prising Milwaukee, Waukesh. Jefferson and Dane counties, who was impeached in 1853, the charges against him being corruption and malfeasance in office. A committee from the lower house of the legislature was appointed to formulate the charges, and when the matter came up for trial, the leading lawyers of the state were engaged. The trial lasted nearly a month, and Judge Hubbell was declared not guilty. It was a sensational episode in the state's his- tory, being the first impeachment of a judicial officer.
Hubbleton, a post town on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. and the Craw- fish river in Jefferson county, 18 miles northwest of Jefferson, the county seat. Hubbleton has a population of 60.
Hub City, a post village of 100 people on the Pine river in Rich- land county, 12 miles north of Richland Center, the county seat.
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Hubertus, a post town of 75 people on the W. C. Ry. in Washing- ton county, 14 miles from West Bend, the county seat.
Hudd, Thomas R., was born in Buffalo, N. Y., October 2, 1835, and came to Wisconsin in 1853. He was district attorney of Outagamie county 1856-57; removing to Green Bay he was city attorney there 1823-74; was a state senator 1876-79 and 1882-85 and re-elected for the term ending December 31, 1888. He was elected to the house of representatives of the 49th congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of the Hon. Jos. Rankin and was re-elected to the 50th congress. His death occurred in Green Bay June 22, 1896.
Hudson .- This incorporated city on the St. Croix river and the
Humane Society, Wisconsin, was organized in Milwaukee, De- population of 3,220 supports two banks and three weekly news- papers, the St. Croix Observer, the Hudson Star-Times, and the True Republican.
Huilsburg, a post town of Dodge county, 15 miles east of Junean, the county seat. It has a population of 75.
Humane Society, Wisconsin, was organized in Milwaukee De- cember 5, 1879, the purpose being (1) to prevent cruelty to animals ; (2) to prevent cruelty to children ; (3) to prevent cruelty to crimi- nals and dependent persons. The society has many branches or- ganized throughout the state, which are supported by voluntary subscriptions. The society has secured the enactment of many laws tending to cultivate sympathy with its purposes, and to give to it the necessary authority for enforcing them.
Humbird, a post village with a population of 400 on the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry. and Hall's creek in Clark county, 17 miles southwest of Neillsville, the county seat.
Humphrey, Herman L., was born at Candor, Tioga county, N. Y., March 14, 1830; removed to Hudson, Wis., in 1854. He was district attorney of St. Croix county in 1855; county judge from 1860 to 1862; state senator 1862-63; in 1866 was elected circuit judge and re-elected in 1872. He was a republican representative in the 45th, 46th and 42th congresses from Wisconsin. His home city is Hudson.
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Hundred Day Men .- On April 21, 1864, the governors of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa and Wisconsin jointly tendered to the presi- dent for extra service of 100 days 85,000 men. The 39th, 40th and 41st Wisconsin regiments entered the service under this arrange- tient.
Hunting, a postoffice of 50 people on the C. & N. W. Ry. in Sha- wano county, 27 miles southwest of Shawano, the county seat.
Hurley .- This city, the judicial seat of Iron county, is on the west bank of the Montreal river, the dividing line between Wis- consin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. It is reached by the W. C. and the C. & N. W. Rys. Its population of 2,000 is largely made up of miners who work in the various large iron mines in the vicinity. There are two weekly newspapers and one bank. The papers are the Montreal River Miner and the Iron County Republi- can.
Huron, a postoffice of 40 people in Chippewa county, 32 miles ' ortheast of Chippewa Falls, the county seat.
Husbandry, Patrons of .- See Granger Movement.
Hurricane, a discontinued postoffice in Grant county.
Hustisford, a post village of 600 people on the Rock river, in Dodge county, 9 miles southeast of Juneau, the county seat. There is one bank.
Hustler, a post town of 200 people on the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry. in Juneau county, 13 miles northwest of Mauston, the county seat.
Iduna, a country postoffice of Trempealeau county, 14 miles south of Whitehall, the county seat.
Illinois, Territory of .- On Feb. 3, 1899, Indiana territory was re- duced to the present limits of the state of that name, and the re- mainder of what had been Indiana territory was set off as Illinois territory, which included the present state of Wisconsin.
Illuminating Oils, Inspector of .- The supervising inspector of illuminating oils is appointed by the governor and paid a salary of $1,500. It is his duty to appoint deputy oil inspectors wherever needed in the state, and these are paid their actual and traveling expenses and a salary representing 8 cents per barrel on all oil in-
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spected. The purpose of the office is to insure a safe standard of refinement for all oils used in the state.
Immigration .- A number of efforts of varying success have been made to promote immigration to Wisconsin. In 1852 the legisla- ture authorized the appointment by the governor of a commission of immigration who was to keep an office in New York, where the principal work was to be done. This was abandoned after a few years and for some time the railroad companies and private coloni- zation companies devoted attention to the subject. In 1867 the legislature created a board of immigration consisting of 5 mem- bers, with the governor and secretary of state members, ex- officio. In 1871 this board was abolished and a state com- missioner of immigration was appointed, and thereafter to be elected with other state officers. Ile was to appoint and maintain county boards to promote the work and was to have his headquar- ters in Milwaukee with an office in Chicago. In 1879 the legisla- ture changed this and went back to the non-salaried board of 5 members with power to employ a salaried secretary. This again was abolished by the legislature in 1887 and only private work was done until 1895 when che legislature created a non-salaried board of five with the governor and secretary of state members ex-officio. This board was authorized to employ a secretary at a reasonable salary. In 1897 the legislature made a board to con- sist of the governor and the secretary of state with power to ap- point a secretary at a salary of $1.800. In 1901 this board was abolished, and in 1905 the legislature authorized county boards to take measures to promote immigration.
Incorporation Act, General .- What is known as the general in- corporation act was passed by the legislature in 1822. It pro- vided for the incorporation and chartering of private companies without special act of the legislature. Prior to its enactment the legislature was applied to for each charter.
Independence, an incorporated village with a population of 663 on the G. B. & W. R. R. and the Trempealeau river in Trempealean county, 6 miles west of Whitehall, the county seat. The village
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contains a bank and two newspapers, the News-Wave and the Wisconsin Good Templar.
Indian Reservations .- See Lac Court Oreilles, Lac du Flambeau, Menomonee, Odanah (Bad River), Oneida and Stockbridge Indian Reservations.
Indians, Tribes of .- The Indian tribes known to have occupied the region now constituting the state of Wisconsin are: Chip- pewas, on the border of Lake Superior; Sioux, at west end of Lake Superior ; Menomonces, Winnebagos, (Pauns) Mascoutins and Kickapoos in the region extending from Green bay to Lake Su- perior; Pottawatomies, Ottawas, Sauk and Fox tribes; at a later date after their removal from New York, the Oneidas, Stockbridges and Brothertowns were located near Green Bay. Other tribes found at different times in the region are the Iowas, Atchatchakangouen, Huron, Illinois, Keinonches, Kishkakons, Kitchigamick, Makona, Narameg, Miami, Mikissioua, Noquets, Smagoux and Onagoussac. In the latter part of the 18th century the entire Indian population of this region was estimated at 15,000. .
Indian Wars .- The first uprising which affected the Wisconsin country was that of the Foxes or Ontagamies in 1716. After an unsuccessful campaign against the city of Detroit these Indians returned to the Fox river, and allying themselves clandestinely with the Sioux and some Iroquois massacred every white settler on the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, along the highway from the great lakes to the Mississippi river. De Louvigny was sent out to exterminate the Fox Indians with a force of 800 soldiers, including Indians. At Little Butte des Morts they attacked the Indian fortifications and brought about a surrender at the end of three days. A peace agreement was reached but shortly after the In- dians began again to kill the French and their allies. In 1:28 an expedition was sent against them, which failed to find them. In 1530, Sieur Perrier Marin, a fur trader, whose trade had been in- jured by the Foxes, surprised them at Little Butte des Morts and slew nearly the entire garrison. The survivors fled up the river to Great Butte des Morts, where they were again routed. They fled then to the present site of Wauzeka, but Marin, unwilling to allow
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them to recuperate, made a winter expedition against them and surprised and captured all that remained of the tribe. They were released on condition that they remove permanently across the Mississippi, which they did. About this time, Capt. de Villiers who was in charge of the garrison at Green bay, was killed, dur- ing a controversy, by Sauk Indians. These Indians were attacked by the French under de Langlade and driven to take refuge on the Wisconsin river near the present site of Sauk City. For nearly 80 years after this there were no Indian disturbances in the Wis- consin country. There was a good deal of irritation among the Indians caused by the influx of white settlers but no serious trou- ble developed. In 1825 General Cass negotiated a treaty at Prairie du Chien for perpetual peace, but two years later when the garrison had been removed from the fort there the family of one Methode was murdered by Winnebagoes. These Indians it was said in their behalf, had been told that two of their number ar- rested by the whites for some trivial offense had been brutally mur- dered. About this time the home of a man named Gagnier near Prairie du Chien was attacked and Gagnier and another were killed. The same day a government boat returning from loading supplies at Fort Snelling was attacked on its way down the river, and two of the crew were killed and several wounded. A chief named Red Bird was found to be directing these attacks and the fear of a gen- eral uprising spread over the country. A volunteer army was raised among the whites and the Indians were pursued. They were brought to bay near the present site of Portage where Red Bird and another offender were surrendered to the Americans. This ended the trouble, which was the last of the Indian outbreaks in Wisconsin excepting the Black Hawk war. (q. v.)
Indiana, Territory of .- On May 7, 1800, the Northwest territory was divided into two territories, all west of a line beginning on the Ohio river, opposite the mouth of the Kentucky river and running thence to Fort Recovery, and thence north to the international boundary, being named Indiana territory, in which Wisconsin was included. Later what is now the lower Michigan peninsula was
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added to Indiana territory and Michigan territory was set off, consisting only of the lower peninsula of that time.
Ingram, a post village of Rusk county and a station of the M., St. P. & S. Ste. M. Ry., 15 miles east of Ladysmith, the county seat. Its population is 350.
Inheritance Tax Law .- A tax is imposed upon any transfer of real or personal property, or interest therein or income therefrom in trust or otherwise, to any person, association or corporation, ex- cept county, town or municipal corporations within the state, for strictly county, town or municipal purposes, and corporations of this state organized under its laws for religious, charitable or edu- cational purposes: (1) . When the transfer is from a resident of this state and by will or by the intestate laws: (2) When the transfer is of property in this state from a non-resident, and is by will or intestate law: (3) When the transfer is of property of a resident, or of property within this state where the owner is a non-resident, by deed, grant, bargain, sale or gift made in con- templation of death or intended to take effect at or after the death of the grantor, vendor or donor : (4) Transfers of property under a power of appointment exercised by any person or corporation are taxable. The tax imposed is upon the market value of the prop- erty and only upon the excess of the exemptions. When the prop- erty or interest conveyed exceeds the following exemptions and is under $25,000, the tax rates are as follows and are called primary rates: (1) 1% where the beneficiary is the husband, wife, lineal issue or lineal ancestor of the decedent, or child adopted according to law. Property valued at $1,000 transferred to the widow of the decedent, and $2,000 to the other above persons is exempt : (2) 112% where the beneficiary is a brother or sister or a de- ascendant of a brother or sister of a decedent; a wife of window of a son, or husband of a daughter of the decedent. Property of the value of $500 to any of the above is exempt. (3) 3% where the beneficiary is an uncle or aunt or a descendant of an uncle or aunt of the decedent. Property of the value of $250 to the above is exempt. (4) 1% where the beneficiary is a brother or sister of the grandfather or grand .. other, or a descend ant of the brother or
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