USA > Wisconsin > Wisconsin: comprising sketches of counties, towns, events, institutions, and persons, arranged in cyclopedic form: > Part 6
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Caryville, a post town of 35 people on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. in Dunn county, 18 miles southeast of Menomonie, the county seat.
Cascade, a post village on the Milwaukee river in Sheboygan county, with a population of 300. It is 18 miles southwest of She- boygan, the county seat.
Casco, a post town on the A. & W. Ry. in Kewaunee county, 12 miles northwest of Kewannee, the county seat. Its population of 350 supports a bank.
Case, Jerome Increase, was born in Williamstown, Oswego county, N. Y., December 11, 1818, and brought up as a farmer. He came to Racine in 1842 and started a threshing machine busi- ness the following year. His business continued to grow until at the time of his death in December, 1891, and he was one of the largest manufacturers of farm inplements and machinery in the country. Mr. Case served one year in the state senate and was for several years mayor of Racine.
Cashton, an incorporated village in Monroe county, on the C., M. & St. P. Ry., with a population of 673. It is 19 miles south of
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Sparta, the county seat, and supports a bank and two weekly news- papers, the Record and the Independant.
Casimir, a country postoffice of Portage county, 31/2 miles north- west of Stevens Point, the county seat.
Cassian, a post town of 60 people on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. in Oneida county, 16 miles west of Rhinelander, the county seat.
Cass, Lewis, was one of the heroic figures of the early territorial days of Michigan and Wisconsin. Some of the most important Indian treaties at Prairie du Chien, Green Bay, Little Butte des Morts and elsewhere were negotiated by him. He was governor of Michigan territory when it included Wisconsin, from 1818 to 1831. He was first a colonel, then a brigadier general in the war of 1812; superintendent of Indian affairs in 1813; secretary of war; United States minister to France; United States senator, and secretary of state. He was born in New Hampshire in 1782 and died in Detroit June 17, 1860.
Cassoday, John B., was born July 7, 1830, in Herkimer county, N. Y. He was educated in Pennsylvania and started the practice of law in Janesville in 1857; was elected to the assembly in 1865 and again in 1867, being the speaker of that body in 1867. He was appointed associate justice of the supreme court in 1880 and in 1895 on the death of Chief Justice Orton became chief justice, which position he now occupies.
Cassville, an incorporated village on the Mississippi river and the C., B. & Q. Ry., in Grant county, with a population of 913. It is 21 miles southwest of Lancaster, the county seat, and supports two weeklies, the Index and the Record.
Castalia Literary Society, one of the women's literary societies of the University of Wisconsin. Its objects are to train its mem- bers in debating and along literary lines generally. Only under- graduate women are eligible to membership. It meets every Friday evening during the college year in Chadbourne Hall.
Castle Rock, a post office with 60 people on the Blue river in Grant county, 20 miles northeast of Lancaster, the county seat.
Caswell, Lucien B., was born in Swanton, Vt., November 27, 1827; came to Wisconsin in 1837; was district attorney of Jefferson
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county 1855-56 ; member of the assembly 1863, 1872 and 1874. IIe was a republican member of the house of representatives for Wis- consin in the 44th, 45th, 46th, 47th, 49th, 50th, and 51st congresses. His home city is Fort Atkinson.
Cataract, a post town of 250 on Soper creek, a water power stream. It is in Monroe county, 11 miles north of Sparta, the county seat.
Catawba, a post town of 150 located on the M., St. P. & S. Ste. M. Ry. in Price county, 16 miles south of Phillips, the county seat.
Catfish River is the old name for Yahara river. (q. v.)
Cato, a post town of 200 in Manitowoc county. It is a station of the C. & N. W. Ry., 12 miles northwest of Manitowoc, the county seat. The first settlement was in 1832 and the population today is 200.
Cavour, a post station of the M., St. P. & S. Ste. M. Ry., in Forest county, 13 miles northeast of Crandon, the county seat. Its popu- lation numbers 50.
Cazenovia, a village of 398 on the Little Baraboo river in Rich- land county, 24 miles northeast of Richland Center, the county seat.
Cecil, a village on Shawano lake and a station of the C. & N. W. Ry. in Shawano county, 8 miles northeast of Shawano, the county seat. The first settlement of the place was in 1884 and today the population is 326.
Cedar, a post station of the C. & N. W. Ry., in Iron county, 17 miles west of Hurley, the county seat. The population numbers 125.
Cedarburg, an incorporated city of 1,680 on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. in Ozaukee county. Port Washington, the county seat, is 9 miles northeast and the city maintains a bank and a weekly news- paper, the News.
Cedar Creek is the outlet of Cedar Lake, Washington county. It flows east into Ozaukce county and joins the Milwaukee river at Cedarburg.
Cedar Falls, a village of 200 on the Red Cedar river in Dunn county, 5 miles northeast of Menomonie, the county seat. Its first settlement was in 1860.
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Cedar Grove, an incorporated village of 411 on the C. & N. W. Line in Sheboygan county, 14 miles south of Sheboygan, the county seat. The first settlement here was in 1835. There is one bank.
Cedar Lake lies in Polk and St. Croix counties. The nearest rail approaches are Nye, in Polk county, on the M., St. P. & S. Ste. M. and Stanton, in St. Croix county, on the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry.
Cedar Lake, one of two lakes by the same name, is in Washington county. Cedar Lake postoffice is the nearest railroad station.
Census, State .- The Federal census is taken every ten years, in the years whose numbers end with zero. The state census is taken every ten years in the years whose numbers end with five, so that there is really a census every five years. The state census is taken under the direction of the secretary of state.
Centerville, a post town of 200 in Trempealeau county, 30 miles conthwest of Whitehall, the county seat.
Centralia, a discontinued postoffice in Wood county.
Centuria, a post town on the M., St. P. & S. Ste. M. Ry. in Polk county with a population of 350. There is a weekly newspaper pub- lished, the Outlook, and the town is 6 miles west of Balsam Lake, the county seat.
Ceresco, a socialistic settlement which thrived for a few years in Fond du Lac county, near the present site of Ripon. See Four- ierism; also The Wisconsin Phalanx; also Socialism.
Chadbourne, Paul Ansel, was born October 21, 1823; was gradu- ated from Williams college in 1848 and in 1867 became president of the University of Wisconsin. Served here until 1870 when he went to Utah for his health and in 187? was made president of Williams college. He is widely known as the author of "The Wealth of the United States." He died in New York February 23, 1883.
Chaffey, a country postoffice of Douglas county, 30 miles south of Superior, the county seat.
Chambers Island, in Green Bay, northeast of Marinette, belongs to the jurisdiction of Door county.
Champion, a post town of Brown county, 14 miles northeast of
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Green Bay, the county seat. Originally settled in 1833, today it has a population of 310.
Chandler .- See Spooner, Burnett County.
Chapin, a discontinued postoffice in Kenosha county.
Chapin, Aaron Lucius, for 36 years president of Beloit college, was born in Hartford, Conn., February 6, 1817. He was graduated from Yale in 1837 and from the Union Theological Seminary, N. Y., in 1842. Seven years later he was called to the presidency of Be- loit college, which position he held until 1885. He died July 22, 1892.
Chapman, a discontinued postoffice in Barron county.
Charities and Reform, State Board of .- See Board of Control.
Charlesburg, a discontinued postoffice in Calumet county.
Charlevoix, Pierre Francois Xavier de, was a noted Jesuit writer who visited Green Bay and the country above as far as Sault Ste. Marie in 1720, seeking a route to the western sea. Charlevoix, Mich., was named in his honor.
Charter Law, General .- In 1887 the legislature authorized the ap- pointment by the supreme court of a commission of three members to prepare a general charter law for the incorporation of cities. The commission reported the General Charter Law in 1889. It divided cities into three classes, under one of which every city, since incorporated, comes.
Chase, a country postoffice of Oconto county, 23 miles southwest of Oconto, the county seat.
Chaseburg, a post town on the Coon river in Vernon county, 15 miles northeast of Viroqua, the county seat. Its population is 150.
Chat, a country postoffice in Lincoln county, 11 miles north of Merrill, the county seat.
Chelsea, a post village on the W. C. Ry. in Taylor county with a population of 300. It is 12 miles north of Medford, the county seat.
Chequamegon Bay .- Radisson and Groseilliers, the French ex- plorers, were the first white men to visit this bay, the southwest- ern extremity of Lake Superior. These explorers built a fort on a rocky point between the present sites of Ashland and Washburn, near what is known as Whittlesey's creek. They spent the winter
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5
of 1659-60 hunting with the ITurons to the west, returning in the spring, and soon thereafter found their way back to the Lower St. Lawrence, whence they started. No other white man is known to have visited the bay unt 1 1665 when Allouez established a mission there. In 1669 Marquette relieved Allonez, but was driven out later when the Hurons quarreled with the Sioux. Fur traders and ex- plorers followed many years later, Raudin. Du L'Hut and Le Sieur in their turn visiting the bay, followed by the agents of Astor and the American Fur Company. The cities of Ashland, Bayfield and Washburn are located on Chequamegon Bay.
Chester, a country postoffice on the C. &. N. W. Ry. in Dodge county, 1512 miles north of Juneau, the county seat.
Chetek, an incorporated city on the C., St. P .. M. & O. Ry. and on Chetek lake, in Barron county. Settled in 1867, its population is 730. It is 14 miles southeast of Barron, the county seat, and sup- ports a bank and a weekly newspaper, the Chetek Alert. A Chau- tauqua assembly meets here every summer.
Chetek Lake lies in Sawyer county, Mills being the nearest rail- road station. On Lake Chetek was built one of the earliest trad- ing posts.
Chetek River rises in Barron county, flowing south and south- west into the Red Cedar river, after passing through Chetek village, where the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry. crosses it.
Chicog, a country postoffice of Washburn county, 18 miles north of Shell Lake, the county seat.
Chief Clerks .- See Legislature.
Child Labor, Law Governing .- No child between the ages of 14 and 16 years shall be employed at any time in a factory or work- shop, or beer garden, or in or about mines, store, office, hotel, mer- cantile establishment, laundry, telegraph, telephone, public mes- senger service or work for wages at any gainful occupation at any place, unless there is first obtained from the commissioner of labor or other proper authority a written permit authorizing his or her employment. And no child under 14 shall be employed at any time as above specified except that during school vacation, a child be- 6
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tween 12 and 14 may be employed by securing in advance a permit, in a store, office, hotel, mercantile establishment, laundry, telegraph, telephone or public messenger service in the town or district wherein he resides. The last school census taken shows that 3.7 of the wage earners of the state are under age.
Children's Home Society, Wisconsin-The purpose of this soci- ety is to find homes for homeless and neglected children. The work was begun by J. P. Dysart, in northern Wisconsin, in 1891 as an individual effort. In 1892 the society was incorporated and headquarters were opened in Milwaukee.
Chili, a post town on the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry. in Clark county with a population of 150. It is 13 miles northeast of Neillsville, the county seat.
Chilton .- This city, the county seat of Calumet county, is beauti- fully situated on the Manitowoc river, 79 miles north of Milwaukee. It is a station on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. and supports two banks and two weekly newspapers, the Chilton Times and the Wisconsin Democrat. The census of 1905 gave it a population of 1,528.
Chimney Rock, a country postoffice in Trempealeau county, 12 miles northwest of Whitehall, the county seat.
Chippewa County lies in the northwestern part of the state, being named after a tribe of Indians. Its organization was completed in territorial times, in 1845. In 1901 the northern half of it was organized into what is now Rusk county, leaving it an area of about 1,000 square miles. Its population in 1905 was 32,000. The soil is clay in the timber lands ; in the prairie lands it is a black sandy loam.
Chippewa Falls .- This city is the judicial seat of Chippewa county. Located on the Chippewa river, excellent water power is furnished for the manufacture of lumber, which is its chief indus- try. The C., M. & St. P., the W. C., and the C., St. P., M. & O. Rys., all enter the city, and the E. C., C. F. & N. E. Ry. is build- ing north from this point. An interurban trolley line connects Chippewa Falls with Eau Claire, 12 miles to the south. The state home for the feeble minded, which cost the state nearly half a mil- lion dollars, is 3 miles southeast of the city. There are two daily newspapers, the Times and the Herald, and three weeklies, the
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Times, the Herald, and the Catholic Sentinel. There are 3 banks in Chippewa Falls. The population in 1905 was 9,009.
Chippewa River .- The Chippewa river proper starts at the con- fluence of two branches in Sawyer county, both of which rise in Ashland county. From Sawyer county it flows southwest into Chippewa county and is joined by the Burnett, Thornapple, Flam- beau, Jump, Fisher and Yellow rivers before passing through Chip- pewa Falls. At Eau Claire is the confluence of the Eau Claire river with the Chippewa. From Eau Claire county the stream flows southwest into Dunn county, thence south into Pepin, empty- ing into the Mississippi at the foot of Lake Pepin.
Christiana .- See Cross Plains.
Churches .- See Religious Denominations.
Civil Government, Territorial .- From 1512 to 1627, the country which afterward became Wisconsin was nominally under the civil jurisdiction of Spain, through the discovery of Florida by Ponce de Leon, though no actual exercise of power was made, as the coun- try was a wilderness. From 1627 to 1762 civil jurisdiction was ex- ercised by France. By the treaty of 1763 after the war between France and England, the jurisdiction passed to England, and con- tinued with the British until 1796. During the Revolutionary War jurisdiction over the territory was claimed by Virginia, but that was only nominal, owing to English aggression. The ordinance of 1787 erected the Northwest territory and nominal territorial gov- ernment was established. From 1800 to 1805 the territory of Indiana, created out of the Northwest territory, included Wiscon- sin. From 1805 to 1809, Wisconsin was included in Michigan ter- ritory. From 1809 to 1818 the territory of Illinois included Wis- consin. From 1818 to 1836 Wisconsin was again a part of Michigan territory. In the latter year the territory of Wisconsin was created.
Civil Service Law .- Under the law passed by the legislature of 1905 the civil service of the state is divided into the unclassified and the classified service. The unclassified service comprises, among others, all elective officers, executive appointees, presidents, deans, professors and instructors in the university, normal or pub-
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lic schools, the library staff of a state supported library, the heads or wardens of state reformatory, charitable and penal institutions and legislative officers. The classified service is divided into five classes: the exempt, the competitive class, the non-competi- tive class, the labor class and legislative employes. The exempt class includes one deputy or assistant of each principal executive officer, the secretary of a board or commission, the clerks and assistants of the supreme court and such positions for which exami- nation is impracticable. The competitive class includes those posi- tions for which it is practicable to determine the merit and fitness of applicants by competitive examinations and includes all positions now existing or hereafter created in the classified service except such as are exempt, non-competitive or in the labor class. The non-competitive class includes those positions for which an exami- nation is impracticable. The labor class consists of the ordinary unskilled labor. All appointments to the competitive service are made from a list of eligibles, arranged according to rank, deter- mined by a free and open examination practical in its character and submitted with special reference to the work required. Tempor- ary appointments may be made in cases of urgency or emergency, but for no longer time than two months, and such appointment cannot be renewed. Vacancies in the competitive service are filled, when possible, by promotions from among those in lower grades in the department, such promotion being based upon merit and fit- ness and upon the qualifications of the person promoted, due weight being given to seniority and experience. Vacancies in the labor class are filled by appointment from the list of applicants reg- istered in their respective localities by the civil service commission. All employes in the civil service falling within the provisions of the law at the time of the passage of this act, except employes of the state reformatory, charitable and penal institutions, as a con- dition of remaining in the state service longer than six months, were required to pass a non-competitive examination. The civil service commission, consistng of three members, has charge of the official roster of the classified service, and no salary or expense account can be drawn without the certificate of the commission.
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The secretary of the commission receives a salary of $2,500 and each commissioner receives $10 per day and expenses for the time of actual service.
Claloam, a discontinued postoffice in Eau Claire county.
Clam Falls, a post town of Polk county with a population of 150. It is 18 miles northeast of Balsam Lake, the county seat.
Clark, a discontinued postoffice in Oconto county.
Clark, Chas. B., was born in Theresa, Jefferson county, N. Y., August 24, 1844, and came to Wisconsin in 1855. He served through the civil war, was a member of the assembly in 1885 and as a republican was elected to the house of representatives of the 50th and 51st congresses. His death occurred Sept. 10, 1891.
Clark County is in the central part of the state, being named after A. W. Clark of Clark's Mill fame (1843). Its organization was effected in 1853. The soil is a clayey loam. The 1905 census gave it a population of 23,344 and it has an area of 1,224 square miles. Neillsville is the county scat.
Clark's Mills, a discontinued postoffice in Manitowoc county.
Clarno, a post town of 100 on the I. C. R. R. in Green county, 7 miles south of Monroe, the county seat.
Clay, a post town on the G., B. & W. Ry. in Jackson county, 14 miles northeast of Black River Falls, the county seat. It is also known as Jones' Switch.
Clayfield, a station of the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry. in Pierce county. Its postoffice is Ellsworth, 41/2 miles distant.
Clayton, a post station of 100 people on the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry. in Polk county, 22 miles from Balsam Lake, the county seat.
Claywood, a postoffice of the C. &. N. W. Ry., in Oconto county, 30 miles northwest of Oconto, the county seat.
Clayworkers' Association .- This association was organized in 1901 to assist in the development and utilization of the clay re- sources of the state. It has a membership of 50.
Clear Lake, a post town on the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry. in Polk county. Originally settled in 1878, today it has a population of 650. It is 30 miles southeast of Balsam Lake and supports a weekly, the Star, and a bank.
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Cleghorn, a discontinued postoffice in Eau Claire county.
Cleveland, a post town of 170 in Manitowoc county, on the C. & N. W. Ry. It is 14 miles from Manitowoc, the county seat.
Clifford, a post town of 100 on the M., St. P. & S. Ste. M. Ry. in Lincoln county, 40 miles northwest of Merrill, the county seat.
Clifton, a discontinued postoffice in Monroe county.
Clifton Mills .- See River Falls.
Clinton, an incorporated village of 892 people in Rock county, located at the crossing of the C., M. & St. P. and the C. & N. W. Rys. It is 13 miles southeast of Janesville, the county seat, and supports a bank and two weeklies, the Rock County Banner (Pro.) and the Clinton Herald (Rep.).
Clintonville is a post village of 1,837 on the C. &. N. W. Ry. and the Pigeon river, in Waupaca county, 35 miles northeast of Wau- paca, the county seat. The village supports two newspapers, the Sun and the Tribune, and two banks.
Clyde, a postoffice in Iowa county, 16 miles northwest of Dodge- ville, the county seat.
Clyman, a post town of 200 on the C. &. N. W. Ry. in Dodge county, 7 miles south of Juneau, the county seat.
Coat of Arms, Wisconsin's .- The coat of arms of the state of Wisconsin is as follows: Arms-or, quartered, the quarters bear- ing respectively a plow, a crossed shovel and pick, an arm and held hammer and an anchor, all proper; the base of the shield resting upon a horn of plenty and pyramid of pig lead, all proper ; over all on fesse points, the arms and motto of the United States, viz. Arms : palewise of thirteen pieces argent and gules; a chief azure; motto (on garter surrounding in escutcheon) "E pluribus unum." Crest, -a badger, passant, proper. Supporters,-Dexter, a sailor holding a coil of rope, proper ; sinister, a yeoman resting on a pick, proper. Motto,-over crest, "Forward."
Cobb, a post town of 350 people on the C. &. N. W. Ry. in Iowa county, 11 miles west of Dodgeville, the county seat.
Cobb, Amasa, was born in Crawford county, Ill., Sept. 27, 1823, and came to Wisconsin in 1842. He saw service in the Mexican war; was district attorney of a southern county of the state 1850
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to 1854; state senator 1855-56; adjutant general of the state 1855- 58; member of the assembly 1860-61; the latter year as speaker ; entered the union army as a colonel and was mustered out in 1865 as a brigadier general. Was a republican member from Wiscon- sin of the 38th, 39th, 40th and 41st congresses.
Cobban, a postoffice on the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry. in Chippewa county, 21 miles northeast of Chippewa Falls, the county seat.
Coburn, Frank Potter, was born at Hamilton, La Crosse county, Wisconsin, Dec. 6, 1858. As a democrat he was elected a member of the house of representatives of the 52d congress.
Cochrane, a post town of 175 on the C., B. & Q. Ry. in Buffalo county, 8 miles southeast of Alma, the county seat.
Codding, Ichabod, a New York clergyman and earnest anti-slav- ery worker, was born in New York in 1810. He came to Wisconsin in 1846 as a Congregational clergyman and devoted all his energies until the War of Secession to promoting the anti-slavery sentiment. He became in his later years a Unitarian. He died May 27, 1866.
Code, The .- In 1824, congress passed a law creating a new judi- cial circuit in the then territory of Michigan, including the coun- ties of Mackinaw, Brown and Crawford, and Jas. D. Doty was ap- pointed judge. This was the first systematized application of the civil code to the Wisconsin country. When the first Wisconsin territorial legislature met in Belmont in 1836 it passed a law to the effect that the laws of Michigan territory, heretofore in force, would be construed to be the laws of Wisconsin territory with such modifications as the change in territory and names made necessary. The state constitution adopted in 1848 stipulated that "all laws now in force in the territory, and not repugnant to this constitution shall remain in force in the territory until they expire by limitation or are altered or repealed by the legislature." At the first session of the legislature after the admission of the state the legislature appointed a commission to collate and revise all the public acts passed by the territorial legislature and the current one. The legislature of 1856 adopted a code, which had been prepared with the following preamble: "Whereas it is expedient that the present forms of actions and pleadings in cases at common law
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should be abolished, and that the distinction between legal and equitable remedies should no longer continue, and that an uni- form course of proceeding in all cases should be established, There- fore be it resolved, etc." This code revised, amended and added to is the one now in force.
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