USA > Wisconsin > Wisconsin: comprising sketches of counties, towns, events, institutions, and persons, arranged in cyclopedic form: > Part 31
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Treasurer, The State, is a constitutiona! officer who is elected at the same time as the governor and holds office for two years. He is the custodian of all the state funds, which he can pay out only on warrants signed by the secretary of state. He is ex- officio the treasurer of the University of Wisconsin and the nor- mal schools. His salary is fixed by the legislature at $5,000 per an- num. He appoints an assistant state treasurer, and a corps of bookkeepers, clerks, etc.
Treasury Agent, State, is an officer appointed by the governor whose duty it is to collect license fees from peddlers, traveling showmen, etc. He formerly received a percentage of the amount collected, but now receives a salary of $1,500 a year. He has his office in the capitol building at Madison.
Treasury Suits .- For a number of years prior to 1891 the state treasurers who, under the law of 1878. were held responsible for the safety of the state funds in their possession. had been in the habit of depositing the money in various banks and receiving in- terest on the same. This interest largely increased the salary of the treasurers. When the dentocrats came into power in 1891 they contended that the interest on the state funds belonged to the state and not to the treasurers. Suits were begun against the ex-treas- urers and their bonds-men to recover the interest, with interest on the sums taken, added. Several of the cases were appealed to the supreme court which confirmed the judgment of the circuit court. From three ex-treasurers, McFetridge, Harshaw and Guenther $373,385.95 was collected. Later suits were brought against two other ex-treasurers, Baetz and Kuehn. In the meantime the re-
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publicans had regained power in the state and the legislature of 1895 passed a law releasing Baetz and Kuehn and also releasing E. C. McFetridge from payment of the balance due from him.
Treaties, Indian .- The territory now Wisconsin was secured from the various Indian tribes which laid claim to it, piece-meal by treaty cessions between 1804 and 1858. A treaty made at St. Louis Nov. 3, 1804, with the Sauk and Fox tribes, ceded with other lands a large strip in the southern part of the state, extending from the Mississippi river up the Wisconsin river 36 miles, then in a direct line southeast to what is now known as Fox lake, in Illinois. This included part of Walworth, most of Rock,, all of Green, La Fayette and Grant, most of Iowa and a part of 'Dane counties. At the same time there was ceded a tract two miles square for a military reser- vation on the Mississippi river near the mouth of the Wisconsin river, including probably, the present site of Prairie du Chien. On Sept. 14, 1815, another portion of the Sauk tribe ratified these two cessions as did a scattered remnant of the Foxes. On Ang. 24, 1816, the government retroceded to the above named tribes all the lands mentioned in the cession of Nov. 3, 1804, which lies north of a line due west from the southern extermity of Lake Michigan to the Mississippi river. From this relinquishment the United States reserved "a tract three leagues square at the mouth of the Wisconsin river, including both banks, and such other tracts on or near to the Wisconsin and the Mississippi as the president of the United States may think proper, not exceedng five leagues square." On Aug. 11, 1827, at Butte des Morts it was agreed be- tween the Menomonees and the United States what should be the boundaries of the tracts formerly claimed by the French and Brit- ish governments, the title to which is now vested in the United States. This included an irregular tract extending on both sides of the Fox river from its month to a point where the city of Kau- kanna now stands, leaving out the tract claimed by Augustin Grig- non near Kaukauna; with the provision that the boundary should not interfere with the tract given to the New York Indians.
A treaty made at Prairie du Chien, July 29, 1829, between the Chippewas, the Ottawas and the Potawatomies and the United
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States, ceded to the United States a portion of what had been retro- ceded in 1816. The new cession included all of what is now Grant, excepting the military reservation (already ceded) at the mouth of the Wisconsin river, the western part of La Fayette, and a strip from the western part of Iowa counties, beside a large tract in northwestern Illinois.
A treaty made at Prairie du Chien Aug. 1, 1829, between the Winnebago nation and the United States ceded to the latter an irregular tract which extended from the southern boundary of the state, taking nearly all of what is now La Fayette, all of Green, the greater part of lowa, the western part of Dane counties follow- ing the line of the Wisconsin river in a narrow strip to Portage, the strip including the present site of Portage, and then widening out to a width of 20 miles and up what is now known as Lake Puckaway near Montello, thus including a small strip through Columbia and a piece of both Marquette and Green Lake counties. The western extremity of this cession extended along the south side of the Wisconsin river to the military reservation at the mouth of the river.
On Feb. 8, 1831, at Washington, D. C., the Menomonee Indians ceded to the United States for the use of the New York Indians an irregular tract extending mainly northwest from the Fox river from Kaukauna to a point several miles above Green Bay village. From this point it extended due northwest taking in a portion of Oconto, a good portion of Shawano, part of Outagamie and that part of Brown lying west of the river below Kaukauna. This ces- sion excluded all private land claims.
From the foregoing cession there was also excepted a reservation for military purposes, beginning at Fox river to the mouth of the first creek above Fort Howard; thence north 64° west to Duck creek ; thence down Duck creek to its source ; thence up and along Green bay and Fox river to place of beginning.
On the same date as the above the Menomonees ceded also a large tract which extended from the mouth of the Milwaukee river north along the lake shore to the upper end of the peninsula which is now Door county. This strip was narrow at its southern ex-
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tremity but widened and extended northwest from what is now Port Washington to the head of Lake Winnebago, extending along the east shore of Lake Winnebago and widening further at the foot to take in what are now Neenah and Menasha, thence along the cast shore of Fox river to Green Bay, and including all the islands in Fox river and Green bay. There was included in this cession, which the Menomonees later modified slightly, portions of Milwau- kee, Ozaukee, Washington, Fond du Lac, Winnebago, Outagamie and Brown and all of Door, Kewaunce, Manitowoc, Calumet and Sheboygan counties. There were excepted from this cession all private land claims previously sanctioned and confirmed by the United States. The provisions of the cessions made under date of Feb. 8, 1831, were confirmed by the United States senate sub- ject to the following provisos: (1.) That for the purpose of es- tablishing the rights of the New York Indians on a permanent and just footing two townships of land on the east side of Winnebago lake, equal to 46,080 acres shall be laid off (to begin at a point to be agreed upon) for the use of the Stockbridge and Munsee tribes, in lieu of the lands occupied by them on the east side of Fox river. (2.) One township of land, 23,040 acres, shall be laid off and granted for the use of the Brotherton Indians in lieu of land occu- pied by them on the east side of the Fox river. (3.) That a new line shall be run parallel to the southwestern boundary line or course of the tract of 500,000 acres described in this treaty as above, and set apart for the New York Indians, to commence at a point on the west side of the Fox river one mile above the Grand Chute and at a sufficient distance from the said boundary line, as estab- lished by the treaty, as shall comprehend the additional quantity of 200,000 acres on and along the west side of Fox river without in- cluding any of the confirmed private land claimson the Fox river, and which 200,000 acres shall be a part of the 500,000 intended to be set apart for the Six Nations of New York Indians and the St. Regis tribe, and that an equal quantity to that which is added on the southwestern side shall be taken off from the northeast side of said tract on the Oconto creek, to be determined by a commis- sioner to be appointed by the president of the United States, so
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that the whole number of acres to be granted to the Six Nations and the St. Regis tribe shall not exceed the quantity originally stipulated by the treaty.
On Sept. 15, 1832, a treaty between the Winnebago Indians and the United States at Fort Armstrong (Rock Island, Ill.), ceded a large tract which in Wisconsin extended from the southern line as far north as Oshkosh, the northwest boundary being the Fox river from Lake Puckaway to Oshkosh, thence down the west shore of Lake Winnebago to Fond du Lac, thence southwest to the source of the Rock river, following then the course of that stream to the south boundary of the state. . The western boundary from the southern line of the state, beginning where Sugar creek leaves the state, and north to Lake Puckaway, is the same as the eastern boundary of the cession made July 29, 1829, at Prairie du Chien by the Chippewas, Ottawas and Pottawatomies. This cession in- cludes a part of Rock, Green, Dane, Jefferson, Columbia, Dodge, Green Lake, Fond du Lac and Winnebago counties.
A treaty made Sept. 26, 1833, at Chicago, between the Chippewas, Ottawas and Pottawatomies ceded a large tract in the southwest portion of the state, the base line running due cast from Beloit to Lake Michigan, thence northwesterly to the source of the Mil- waukee river and beyond to the head of Lake Winnebago; thence southwesterly to the source of the Rock river, and thence southerly along that river to the state line. This cession includes all of Ke- nosha, Racine, Walworth, Wankesha, Milwaukee and portions of Rock, Jefferson, Dodge and Fond du Lac counties.
On Sept. 3, 1836, a treaty between the Menomonee Indians and the United States at Cedar Point on the Fox river, near Green Bay. ceded a tract in the northeast portion of the state, beginning at a point on the west shore of Green Bay a few miles above the vil- lage ; thence along the west shore to the month of the Menominee river ; thence up the course of that river to a point opposite where the city of Florence now stands ; thence southeasterly to the Pesh- tigo river ; thence southwesterly to the main branch of the Oconto river ; thence nearly due south about 15 miles ; thence southeasterly to the pond of beginning on Green bay. This cession included all
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of Marinette, parts of Brown. Oconto, Florence and Shawano counties, and a small triangular tract on Wolf river in Shawano county ; and another disconnected but considerable tract following the course of the Wolf river from Oshkosh in Winnebago, across the corner of Waupaca, thence east and north to a point on the Lower Fox near where De Pere now stands. This includes the sites of Appleton and Kaukauna.
The Menomonees ceded at the same time and place a tract from six to eight miles wide on the Wisconsin river extending from the present site of Wausau south and west along the river (on hoth sides) to a point about three miles below the present city of Grand Rapids. This includes the present site of Stevens Point and Plover.
A treaty made at St. Peters on the Mississippi river between the Chippewas and the United States July 29, 1837, transferred the largest tract ceded by any one treaty. It comprised the upper part of St. Croix, Dunn and Eau Claire counties, all of Polk, Bar- . ron, Burnett, Washburn, Sawyer, Rusk, Chippewa, Lincoln, Price. Taylor and portions of Douglas, Ashland, Iron, Marathon, Lang- lade, Clark, Wood, Portage, Forest, Shawano, Waupaca and Oneida counties.
A treaty made at Washington, D. C., Dec. 29, 1837, between the Sioux tribes and the United States ceded all the lands claimed by the Sioux east of the Mississippi river, including the islands in said river. This cession comprised a strip about five miles wide beginning half way between Prairie du Chien and La Crosse and extending to the mouth of the Black river ; thence it followed that north and east beyond the present city of Neillsville; thence ex- tending west and slightly north to a point on the St. Croix river six miles below Osceola Mills. It included all of Trempealeau, Buf- falo, Pepin, Pierce, Jackson and parts of St. Croix, Dunn, Eau Claire and Polk counties.
On Nov. 1, 1837, at Washington, D. C., a treaty was made be- tween the Winnebagoes and the United States which ceded to the United States all the lands claimed by the Winnebago Indians cast of the Mississippi river. The tract ceded is bounded on the south by the Wisconsin river, as far cast as Portage; on the cast and
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northeast by the Wisconsin and Yellow rivers; on the north by the Black river, and on the west by the Mississippi. The tract comprises all of Crawford, Vernon, La Crosse, Richland, Sauk and the greater part of Monroe and portions of Columbia, Juneau, Jack- son, Clark and Wood counties.
On Jan. 15, 1838, the several tribes of New York Indians in a treaty with the United States made at Buffalo Creek, N. Y., relin- quished all their right, title and interest to the land secured for them by the Menomonee treaty at Green Bay in 1831 excepting the following, on which the New York Indians now live: Begin- ning at the southwesterly corner of the French grants at Green Bay and running thence southwardly to a point on a line to be run from the Little Kakalin parallel to a line of the French grants and six miles from the Fox river ; from thence on said parallel line north- wardly six miles; from thence eastwardly to a point on the north- east line of the Indian lands, and being at right angles to the same.
On Sept. 3, 1839, at Stockbridge, Wisconsin territory, by a treaty between the Stockbridge and Munsee Indians and the United States these tribes ( formerly of New York) ceded to the United States the east half of the tract of 46,080 acres which was laid off for their use on the cast side of Lake Winnebago by the treaty be- tween the Menomonces and the United States, Oct. 27, 1832.
On Oct. 4, 1842, at La Pointe, in Wisconsin territory, a treaty between the Chippewas of the Mississippi and the Lake Superior regions and the United States, ceded a strip touching the northern boundary of the state extending from the western boundary to a point within but a few miles of the eastern boundary. The eastern line ran south from the site of Florence to the falls on the Peshtigo ver ; thence southwest to a point about 20 miles due west from the present city of Shawano; thence north and cast to the present site of Crandon ; thence west, and northerly to a point on the pres- ent line between Minnesota and Wisconsin about 25 miles due southwest from the present city of Superior. The tract comprised the greater portion of Florence. Forest. Vilas, Iron, Ashland, Bay- field and Douglas and a little of Shawano, Langlade and Oneida
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counties. It includes the islands in Lake Superior south of the international boundary.
On Oct. 18, 1848, at Lake Pow-aw-hay-kou-nay, Wis., a treaty between the Menomonees and the United States cedes all the lands in the state, claimed by the Indians, to the United States. This comprised a large tract whose northernmost point was about 50 miles almost due west of Marinette, thence directly southwest to Plover on the Wisconsin river ; thence west to the Yellow river ; thence east along the Yellow river and the Wisconsin river to Port- age ; thence northeast along the Fox river to its junction with the Wolf; thence following the course of the Wolf quite closely to the point of beginning. It includes portions of Oconto, Langlade, Shawano, Waupaca. Portage, Wood, Adams, Waushara, Marquette Green Lake and Winnebago counties.
On Nov. 24. 1818, at Stockbridge, Wis., a treaty between the Stockbridge Indians and the United States ceded the remaining township granted to them by the Menomonce treaty of Feb. 8, 1831, on the east of Lake Winnebago.
On May 12, 1834, at the falls of the Wolf river, Wis., by a treaty between the Menomonee Indians and the United States, the In- dians ceded all lands assigned to them by the treaty of October, 18, 1818. The Indians were given for their future home a tract on the Wolf river 24 miles wide by 18 miles deep. It is almost due west of Oconto and Marinette, about 30 miles from the former and 43 miles from the latter place.
By a treaty made at La Pointe, Wis., Sept. 30, 1854, between the Chippewas of Lake Superior and the Mississippi whereby the Chip- pewas released lands now in Minnesota, a tract 12 miles wide and extending south from Lake Superior about 18 miles between Ash- land and the month of the Montreal river, together with 200 acres on the upper end of Madeline Island (for fishing purposes) was given to the Indians. It is known as the La Pointe, Bad river or Odanah reservation.
By this same treaty a traet lying about Lac du Flambeau equal in extent to three townships was set aside for the other Wiscon- sin bands of the Chippewas. Also a tract on Lac Court Orielles
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equal in extent to three townships. Also 19 sections in all in the upper corner of the present county of Bayfield, bordering on the lake, for Chief Buffalo. This is sometimes called the Red Cliff reservation.
By a treaty made Feb. 11, 1856, with the Menomonees the United States purchased two townships from them for the location of the Stockbridge and Munsee Indians. By act of congress of Feb. 6, 1871, these two tribes sold all but 18 sections of this reservation.
Trempealeau, an incorporated village in the county of the same name, on the Mississippi river, the C., B. & Q., the C. & N. W. and the G. B. & W. Rys., 30 miles south of Whitehall, the county seat. Its population of 564 supports two weekly newspapers, the Herald and the Gazette, and the village has steamer connection with La Crosse.
Trempealeau County is in the western part of the state on the Mississippi river and derives its name from the French, meaning "bluff rising out of the water." Along the Trempealean river the soil is sandy ; in other parts it is a vegetable loam, with a clay sub- soil. It was organized in 1856 and today has an area of 732 square miles and a population of 23,857. Whitehall is the county seat.
Trempealeau River is the confluence of two forks, one rising in Trempealeau county and flowing south, the other rising in Jack- son county and flowing west. It flows southwest from Arcadia to where it joins the Mississippi river, forming the boundary be- tween Buffalo and Trempealean counties.
Trevor, a postoffice of 80 people on the W. C. Ry. in Kenosha county, 18 miles southwest of Kenosha, the county seat.
Trimbelle, a discontinued postoffice in Pierce county.
Trimbelle River rises and is wholly within Pierce county ; flows south, entering the Mississippi river at Diamond Bluff.
Tripoli, a postoffice of 50 people on the M., St. P. & S. Ste. M. Ry. in Lincoln county, 30 miles northwest of Merrill, the county seat.
Trippville, a country postoffice in Vernon county, 35 miles north- east of Viroqua, the county seat.
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Trout Lake, in Vilas county. Plum Lake station is the nearest rail approach.
Troy, a post town of 250 people in Walworth county, 10 miles northeast of Elkhorn, the county seat.
Troy Center, a post village on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. in Wal- worth county, 13 miles northeast of Elkhorn, the county seat. It has a population of 175.
Truesdell, a post town of 150 people on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. in Kenosha county, 4 miles west of Kenosha, the county seat.
Truman, a country postoffice in La Fayette county, 8 miles north- west of Darlington, the county seat.
Tunnel City, a post village of 175 people on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. in Monroe county, 14 miles northeast of Sparta, the county seat.
Turtle Lake, an incorporated village of Barron county, on the C., St. P., M. & O. and the M., St. P. & S. Ste. M. Rys., 16 miles west of Barron, the county seat. It has a population of 436 which sup- ports a weekly newspaper, the Bugle, and a bank.
Tuscobia, a country postoffice of Barron county, on the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry. Barron, the county seat, is 16 miles distant.
Tustin, a post village in Waushara county, on the shore of Lake Poygan, 23 miles northeast of Wautoma, the county seat. It has a population of 135.
Twin Bluffs, a postoffice of 70 people on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. and the Pine river in Richland county, 7 miles southeast of Rich- land Center, the county seat.
Twin Grove, a discontinued postoffice in Green county.
Twin Lakes, a post town of 250 people on the C. & N. W. Ry. in Kenosha county, 23 miles west of Kenosha, the county scat.
Twin Lakes are on the state line in Kenosha county. The near- est railroad station is Twin Lakes postoffice.
Two Rivers, an incorporated city of Manitowoc county, on the C. & N. W. Ry., 6 miles north of Manitowoc, the county seat. It is on the shore of Lake Michigan and the Goodrich steamers give it daily connection with other lake ports. It has a population of
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4,602 which supports two banks and a weekly newspaper, the Chronicle.
Tyrone, a country postoffice of Green county, 16 miles southeast of Monroe, the county seat.
Ubet, a discontinued postoffice in Polk county.
Uniform Legislation, Commissioners of .- It has long been the opinion of jurists and leading lawyers that the states should seek to promote uniformity of legislation relating to marriage, divorce, insolvency and kindred subjects, but little progress has yet been made. The legislature of 1895 provided for appointment, with- out pay, of a commission for this state, and such commission was duly appointed. It secured, a few years later, the passage of the commercial paper law, which a number of other states have enacted.
Union Center, a post village on the C. & N. W. Ry. in Juneau county, 14 miles southeast of Mauston, the county seat. It has a population of 250.
Union Grove, an incorporated village of Racine county on the C., M. & St. P. Ry., 15 miles west of Racine, the county seat. It was first settled in 1857 and at present has a population of 544, which supports a weekly newspaper, the Enterprise, and a bank.
Union Mills, a discontinued postoffice in Iowa county.
Unity .- A post village on the dividing line between Clark and Marathon counties, but given to Marathon by the U. S. postal au- thorities. It is on the W. C. Ry., 40 miles southwest of Wausau, the county seat of Marathon county. The population of 450 sup- ports a weekly newspaper, the Marathon County Register.
University Extension .- In 1891 the University of Wisconsin or- ganized after the methods of the great English universities, a uni- versity extension movement. For many years prior work of a simi- lar nature had been carried on under patronage of the University of Wisconsin in teachers' institutes and farmers' institutes. Dur- ing the academic year of 1891, 107 university extension courses were asked for in the state and only 50 could be given. The work was considered very beneficial, and though the methods have been
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changed somewhat, the University of Wisconsin is still carrying on the work of reaching people not directly connected with its various schools.
University School, a preparatory school for boys, opened in Ke- nosha in 1889.
University of Wisconsin .- At the first session of the territorial legislature in the newly selected capital, Madison, in 1838, an act was passed establishing the university of the territory of Wiscon- sin, and a board of visitors was appointed. No action was taken toward carrying out the project except the selecting of two town- ships of land granted for the purpose by congress. The state con- stitution adopted in 1848 provided for the establishment of a state university at the state capital. In 1849 the board of regents began the work of organization. A preparatory school was opened un- der the direction of Professor Sterling in 1849. In 1850, Chan- cellor Lathrop, a graduate of Yale, was inaugurated. The first building (North Hall) was completed in 1851. Four years from that time South Hall was completed and in 1861 Main Hall was ready for use. In 1859 Henry Barnard, a Yale graduate, became president, but ill health caused his resignation in 1860. From that time until 1867 Professor Sterling was acting chancellor. The legislature of 1866 re-organized the university and provided for and united with it the college of agriculture endowed with the proceeds of the agricultural college land grant made by congress in 1862. In 1866 Dr. Paul Chadbourne, a graduate of Williams College, was chosen president. In 1867 the legislature made the first annual appropriation for the support of the university, the amount spe- cified then being $7,000. Since that time the legislature has re- sponded liberally to its needs. The college of law was established in 1868; the college of engineering in 1870; the school of pharmacy in 1883; the school of economics, political science and history in 1892; the school of music in 1895; the school of education in 1897; and the school of commerce in 1900. Following Dr. Chadbourne, came President Twombly. John Bascom of Williams was presi- dent for 13 years from 1824 and he was followed by T. C. Chamber- In, Charles Kendall Adams, Edward A. Birge and Chas. R. Van
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