USA > Wisconsin > Wisconsin: comprising sketches of counties, towns, events, institutions, and persons, arranged in cyclopedic form: > Part 17
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sister of such grandparent of the decedent: (5) 5% where the beneficiary stands in any other degree of collateral consanguinity or is a blood stranger of the decedent. Where the value of the property is between $25,000 and $50,000 the rates are 11/2 times the primary rates; between $50,000 and $100,000, twice the primary rates; between $100,000 and $500,000, 21/2 times the primary rates ; and over $500,000 three times the primary rates.
Injunctional Order, Northern Pacific .- In December, 1893, Judge James Jenkins in the United States circuit court for the eastern district of Wisconsin granted a writ of injunction upon petition of receivers, Thos. F. Oakes, Henry C. Payne and Henry C. Rouse of the Northern Pacific Railroad company restraining the officers, agents and employes of the receivers, including engineers, firemen, trainmen, train despatchers, telegraphers, conductors, switchmen and all persons, associations and combinations, voluntary or other- wise, whether in the service of the receivers or not, from interfering with the operation of the railroad; from interfering by force, threats, or otherwise with men who desire to continue in the ser- vice of the receivers or with men employed by them to take the places of those who quit, and from combining and conspiring to quit, with or without notice, the service of said receivers, with the object and intent of crippling the property in their custody or em- barassing the operation of said railroad, and from so quitting the service of the said receivers, with or without notice, as to cripple the property or prevent or hinder the operation of said railroad. The petition for the injunction was based upon the fact that the receivers having announced that a reduction in wages of employes would be made to take effect on Jan. 1, 1894, there were numerous threats heard of a strike. A second writ of injunction was issued on Dec. 22, 1893, which restrained the employes of the receivers "from ordering, recommending, approving or advising others to quit the service of the receivers of the Northern Pacific railroad company on Jan. 1, 1894, or at any other time." These two orders created a great stir especially in the labor world and precipitated a legal contest. The chief officers respectively of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, the Order of Railway Conductors, the
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Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, the Order of Railway Tele- graphers, the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen and the Switch- men's Mutual Aid Association appeared in court on behalf of them- selves and their respective organizations and moved that the court modify both orders and injunctions. The court did modify by striking therefrom the words quoted above, which were added in the order of Dec. 22. The case was then taken by the appellants to the circuit court of appeals. On Oct. 1, 1894, that court held that equity would not compel the actual affirmative performance of merely personal services, or (which is the same thing) require employes against their will to remain in the personal service of their employer. That if in violation of an express or implied con- tract a railway employe quit the service of his employer, he would be liable in damages for such breach, and under some circum- stances liable for criminal prosecution for loss of life or limb re- sulting from his abandoning his post. That a combination or conspiracy to procure an employe or body of employes to quit service in violation of the contract of service would be unlawful and in a proper case might be enjoined, if the injury threatened would be irremediable at law.
Insane Asylum System, County .- See Reformatory, Charitable and Penal Institutions.
Insanity, Divorce for .- The legislature of 1881 made insanity, which medical experts decided to be permanent or chronic, grounds for a divorce. The next legislature in 1882 repealed the measure, so that for one year only in Wisconsin was it possible to obtain a divorce on the grounds that the defendant is insanc.
Inspectors, Factory .- See Commissioner of Labor and Industrial Statistics.
Institute, a country postoffice in Door county, 7 miles northeast of Sturgeon Bay, the county seat.
Insurance Commissioner .- This office was created in 1878, being appointive. In 1881 it was made an elective office. The commis- sioner has his office in the state capitol. His business is to investi- gate and grant licenses to all insurance companies,-life, fire and
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accident,-desiring to do business in Wisconsin and to see that they comply with the law.
Insurance Fund, State .- The legislature of 1903 enacted a meas- ure abolishing all outside fire insurance upon state property and providing a fund for rebuilding. The insurance commissioner un- der this act is to estimate the value of state buildings, and what 90 per cent of their value would be, then calculate what the average premium rate would be on these buildings in reputable companies. When this is ascertained he certifies to the state treasurer what the annual premium on each would be figured at 60 per cent of the average premium rate. The sum so certified is set aside by the state treasurer as an insurance fund, to rebuild in case of fire or destruc- tion by tornado.
Intelligencer, The Green Bay, the first newspaper published in what afterward became Wisconsin. Its first issue appeared Dec. 11, 1833, at Green Bay.
Inter-State Park, The .- This name is given to a tract of country which lies along the St. Croix river where that river forms the boundary line between Minnesota and Wisconsin. The legislature authorized the purchase of certain lands in and near the town of St. Croix Falls, on the Wisconsin side of the river, to be set aside to connect with lands similiarly secured on the Minnesota side by the state of Minnesota to be used permanently as a park to pro- tect and perpetuate the beauty of the Dalles of St. Croix river. The park is 50 miles from St. Paul, 30 from Stillwater and 40 from Hudson. Steamers run to the park during the summer from St. Paul and Stillwater. From the Wisconsin side the park can be reached either by steamer, after going to Stillwater, Minn., or by rail from Taylor's Falls or St. Croix Falls. The park contains 900 acres, 300 of which are in Minnesota. The Wisconsin legislature of 1895 took the first steps toward securing the park.
Intervale, a country postoffice 35 miles northwest of Marinette, the county seat of the county of the same name, within which it is located.
Iola, an incorporated village with a population of 801 on the south branch of the Little Wolf river and a station on the lola &
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Northern Ry. in Waupaca county, 12 miles north of Waupaca, the county seat. It contains a bank and a weekly newspaper, the Iola Ilerald.
Iowa County is in the southern part of the state, receiving its name from the lowa tribe of Indians. It was an early territorial county, having been organized in 1829. The census of 1905 gave it a population of 22,971 and it has an area of 740 square miles. Dodgeville is the county seat.
Iowa, Territory of .- On June 12, 1838 congress divided the then Wisconsin territory, setting aside all that portion of it "which lies west of the Mississippi river and west of a line drawn due north from the headwaters or sources of the Mississippi to the territorial line" to be known as the territory of Iowa.
Ipswich, a postoffice of people on the C. & N. W. Ry. in La Fayette county, 18 miles west of Darlington, the county seat.
Irene, a discontinued postoffice in Clark county.
Irma, a post town of 150 inhabitants on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. in Lincoln county, 13 miles north of Merrill, the county seat. It was formerly known as Marietta.
Ironbelt, a post village with a population of 1,000 on the W. C. Ry. in Iron county, 8 miles southwest of Ilurley, the county seat.
Iron Brigade, The .- This was the only brigade formation in the War of Secession made up chiefly of Wisconsin men, three of its five regiments were the 2d, 6th and the 7th Wisconsin. No Wisconsin regiments suffered more heavy losses or were more widely known. The name "Iron Brigade" came from a remark made by General Mcclellan when he saw the brigade advancing under a murderous fire. He was told "It is Gibbon's Wisconsin brigade." "They must be made of iron," he replied.
Iron County is one of the northernmost counties of the state. It derives its name from the great ore deposits within its borders. There are 786 square miles in the county, and although it was or- ganized in 1893, the 1905 census gives it a population of 6,559. The soil is a light loamy clay. Hurley is the judicial seat.
Iron District, Baraboo .- The discovery of iron ore in paying 11
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quantities in the Baraboo district is of recent date. In 1887 a com- pany explored for ore, and found, after expending a large sum of money, a low grade ore. For some years later the prospect was worked for mineral paint, but in 1900 the work of exploring for iron was again taken up and this time successfully. Large quan- tities are now being shipped of an excellent grade of ore.
Iron Mountain, a post town with 150 inhabitants on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. in Dodge county, 11 miles northeast of Juneau, the county seat.
Iron Ore, Production of .- The product of the iron mines located in Wisconsin, for the year 1905 was 698,752 tons, of which 343,431 came from the Gogebic range; 279,052 tons from the Menominee range, and 76,269 tons from the Baraboo range at North Freedom.
Iron Ridge, a post village with a population of 200 on the C., M. & St. P. Ry., in Dodge county, 11 miles east of Juneau, the county seat.
Iron River, an incorporated post village of 1,248 population on the D. S. S. & A. and the N. P. Rys. in Bayfield county, 35 miles southwest of Washburn, the county seat. It has a weekly news- paper, the Iron River Pioneer, and a bank.
Iron River .- This stream rises at Iron River village, in Bay- field county, flows a little west of north and empties into Lake Su- perior at Orienta.
Ironsides, Wreck of .- The steamer Ironsides plying between Milwaukee and Grand Haven was wrecked Sept. 14, 1873, and 28 lives were lost.
Ironton, a post village with a population of 300 on the Little Baraboo river in Sauk county, 24 miles northwest of Baraboo, the county seat.
Irving, a country postoffice in Jackson county, 9 miles south- west of Black River Falls, the county seat.
Irvington, a country postoffice of Dunn county and a station on the C., M. & St. P. Ry., 3 miles from Menomonie, the county seat.
Island Lake, a post village in Rusk county, 20 miles southwest of Ladysmith, the county seat. Its population is 350.
Isle Castor, in Green bay, was an early meeting place for Indians
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and whites for the negotiations incident to the making of Indian treaties.
Itasca, a station on the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry. in Douglas county, and a substation of the Superior postoffice.
Ithaca, a post town with a population of 150 on Willow creek in Richland county, 7 miles east of Richland Center, the county seat.
Ives, a settlement 2 miles north of Racine, the county seat of Racine county, within which it is located.
Ives Grove, a discontinued postoffice in Racine county.
Ixonia, a post village with a population of 175 on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. in Jefferson county, 18 miles rortheast of Jefferson, the county seat.
Jackson, a post town on the C. & N. W. Ry. in Washington county, 7 miles from West Bend, the county scat. It has a popu- lation of 300 and was formerly called Riceville.
Jackson County, in the west central part of the state, was named in honor of President Andrew Jackson. It was organized in 1853. The east half of the county is a sandy loam; the west half is a black loam and there are some swamp lands in both sections. Jackson county had a population by the census of 1905 of 17,579, and its area is 992 square miles. Black River Falls is the county seat.
Jacksonport, a post town on Lake Michigan in Door county, 16 miles northeast of Sturgeon Bay, the county seat. It has a popula- tion of 200.
Jamestown, a discontinued postoffice in Grant county.
Janesville .- This city, the judicial seat of Rock county, is heau- tifully located in almost the geographical center of Rock county. It is on the Rock river, which furnishes abundant water power for the many manufacturing enterprises. The C., M. & St. P. and the C. & N. W. Rys. both do a large shipping business from this point. There are four substantial banks and as many newspapers, the Recorder and Times (daily and weekly), the Gazette (daily and semi-weekly), the Independent and the Journal (hoth week-
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lies). An interurban trolley line connects Janesville with Beloit and Rockford, Ill. The city has a population of 13,770.
Jefferson .- This city, the county seat of Jefferson county, has a population of 2,572 and is beautifully situated at the confluence of the Crawfish and Rock rivers. It is a popular and well-known summer resort and contains two banks and five weekly news- papers, the Jefferson County Journal, the Jefferson County Record, the Jefferson Banner (German and English editions), and the Daheim.
Jefferson County, in the southern part of the state, was named in honor of Thos. Jefferson. It is the leading county in dairy products in the state. Its organization was perfected in 1853; it has an area of 570 square miles and the 1905 census gives it a population of 34,293. The soil is a sandy loam well adapted to the cultivation of grain. The city of Jefferson is the county seat.
Jefferson Junction, a post station and junction of the C. & N. W. Ry., in Jefferson county, 212 miles north of Jefferson, the county seat. There are 25 people there.
Jeffris .- See Bundy.
Jenkins, John J., was born in Weymouth, England, August 20, 1843. He came to Wisconsin in 1852; served in the 6th Wis. Vol. Inf. during the War of Secession ; later served as member of the assembly; also county judge of Chippewa county; was ap- pointed United States district attorney of the territory of Wyo- ming by President Grant in 1876. Mr. Jenkins was first elected to represent the eleventh district in congress in 1896 and has been re-elected four times since. His home is in Chippewa Falls.
Jennings, a post town of 100 people on the C. & N. W. Ry. in Oneida county, 21 miles southeast of Rhinelander, the county seat. It is also known as Lenox Station.
Jenson, a country postoffice in Polk county, 15 miles northwest of Balsam Lake, the county seat.
Jerpen, a discontinued postoffice in Manitowoc county.
Jesuit Missions in Wisconsin, Early .- The early Jesuit missions in Wisconsin were all established by French missionaries. In 1660 Fr. Menard (q. v.) went as a missionary among the Ottawas at
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Keewenaw Point (Mich.). A year later he attempted to ostab- a mission at the headquarters of the Chippewa river among the IInrons, but perished in the effort. In 1665 Allouez (q. v.) estab- lished a mission among the Hurons and Ojibways, who had gone thither, on Chequamegon bay,-the first mission actually estab- lished on Wisconsin territory. Marquette followed Allouez to the Lake Superior region. After a few years the mission on Chequa- megon bay was abandoned. The principal work of the early missionary was done in the populous region along the Fox, Wolf and Wisconsin rivers and near Green Bay. Allouez reached Green Bay in 1669. In company with Dablon the following spring he established the mission of St. Francis Xavier at Green Bay. The two missionaries then ascended the Fox river, reaching the chief abode of the Mascontins not far from the present city of Por- tage and established among them the mission of St. James, plant- ing a huge wooden cross in the center of the village. Some dis- tance up the Wolf river they established the mission of St. Mark. It required a number of visits to these various centers for Allouez to gain the confidence of the Foxes, but he finally succeeded. Later a mission was established where the city of De Pere now stands, which commanded all the work along the Fox, Wolf and Wisconsin rivers.
Jewett, a post town with 150 inhabitants in St. Croix county, a station on the W. C. Ry. and on Willow river, 25 miles northeast of Iludson, the county seat.
Jim Falls, a postoffice of 60 people on the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry. in Chippewa county, 12 miles from Chippewa Falls, the county seat.
Joel, a postoffice of 50 people on the M., St. P. & S. Ste. M. Ry. in Polk county, 15 miles southeast of Balsam Lake, the county seat. Johnsburg, a discontinued postoffice in Fond du Lac county.
Johnson, a country postoffice in Marathon county, 15 miles north- east of Wausau, the county seat. It was formerly called Mc- Kinley.
Johnson Creek, a post village of 500 people on the C. & N. W.
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Ry. in Jefferson county, 512 miles north of Jefferson, the county seat. It has a bank.
Johnsonville, a discontinued postoffice in Sheboygan county.
Johnston, John, a leading banker and business man of Milwau- kee. He was a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, a nephew of Alex- ander Mitchell (q. v.) and an associate of his in the banking busi- ness. He was president of the board of regents of the University of Wisconsin, president of the state historical society and held many other positions of trust and honor. He wrote voluminously for the magazines and other periodicals on financial, literary and religious subjects. Ile died in Milwaukee early in 1904.
Johnstown .- See Helbig.
Johnstown, a discontinued postoffice in Rock county.
Johnstown Center, a discontinued postoffice in Rock county.
Joint Free High Schools .- The laws of 1899 authorized towns and districts not large enough to support high schools separately to establish joint high schools.
Joliet, Louis, a famous French explorer who, in company with Pere Marquette, was the first while man to record the discovery of the upper Mississippi river. These two reached Green Bay by way of the Straits of Mackinaw in 1673 and came to the Mississippi river through the Fox-Wisconsin rivers ronte.
Jones, Burr W., was born in Union, Rock county, Wisconsin, March 9, 1846; was graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1870 and from the law department of the same institution in 1871. He was elected district attorney of Dane county in 1872 and again in 1874 and was a democratic member of the house of representatives from Wisconsin in the 48th congress. Ilis home is in Madison, where he is engaged in the practice of law and is a professor in the law department of the University of Wisconsin. Mr. Jones has published a three-volume work on evidence that is now a standard authority.
Jones, George Wallace, a prominent figure in the territorial days of Wisconsin. He was the first delegate to congress elected by the new territory of Wisconsin. The seat was claimed by William Woodbridge of Michigan, but Woodbridge made no claim to it
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after Jones reached Washington and the latter was sworn in with- out objection.
Jonesdale, a post town of 150 people on the I. C. Ry. in Iowa county, 81/4 miles southwest of Dodgeville, the county seat.
Jordan, a discontinued postoffice in Green county.
Juda, a post village with a population of 300 on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. in Green county, 8 miles east of Monroe, the county seat. It has a bank.
Judge, County .- Sce Judicial System.
Judicial System, The .- The constitution provides that the ju- dicial power of the state both as to matters of law and equity shall be vested in the supreme court, circuit courts, courts of probate and justices of the peace. The legislature has power to establish in- ferior courts with limited civil and criminal jurisdiction in counties, providing that their jurisdiction shall not exceed that of circuit courts, nor the term of office be longer. Justices of the peace are elected by the towns. The supreme court as now constituted con- sists of a chief justice (ex-officio) and five associate justices. One more associate justice is to be added in 1907. The salary of each justice is $6,000. There are 18 judicial circuits in the state. The salary of a circuit judge is $4,000 with $400 for traveling expenses. When the terms of office of the present judges expire the salary will be $4,600 with $400 for expenses. The second judicial circuit in Milwaukee has three judges. (See Judiciary in Constitution.)
Julia, a country postoffice in Washburn county, 14 miles from Shell Lake, the county seat.
Jump River rises in Price county ; flows southwest across the northwest corner of Tayior county and into Chippewa county, to a confluence with the Chippewa river.
Junction, a post town of 250 population at the junction of the C., M. & St. P. Ry. and the W. C. Ry., in Portage county, 11 miles northwest of Stevens Point, the county seat.
Juneau .- This is an incorporated city, the judicial seat of Dodge county. It is on the C. & N. W. Ry. and has a population of 941. There are two newspapers, both werklies, the Independent and the Juneau Telephone, and a bank.
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Juneau County, in the south central part of the state, was named in honor of Solomon Juneau, the founder of Milwaukee. The county was organized in 1856; it has an area of 800 square miles and a population (1905 census) of 20,759. The soil varies from a rich loam to sand. Mauston is the county seat.
Juneau, Solomon, was the founder of Milwaukee, its first mayor and first postmaster. He was born August 9, 1793, at Point L'As- sumption, Quebec, and came to the site of Milwaukee in 1818, where he established a trading post. He platted the village of Milwaukee and in 1835 was appointed the first postmaster; in 1816 he was elected the first mayor. He died at Shawano, November 14, 1885. Many of his descendants are living in and around Milwau- I:ee.
Kakalin, Great, the Indian name for the rapids of the Fox river, where the city of Kaukauna now stands.
Kakalin, Little, a point on the Fox river, the exact location of which is not known, but believed to be not far from the present city of Kaukauna. It is mentioned by early writers as the home of Augustus Grignon (q. v.).
Kangaroo Lake, a body of water in Door county. Sturgeon Bay, on the A. & W. Ry. is the nearest railroad approach.
Kansasville, a post village with a population of 150 on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. in Racine county, 19 miles west of Racine, the county seat.
Karlsborg, a country postoffice in Burnett county, 13 miles north- east of Grantsburg, the county seat.
Kasson, a discontinued postoffice in Manitowoc county.
Katzer, Frederic Xavier, was born February 7, 1844, at Ebensee, upper Austria, Germany. Studied at Gmunden and Linz and in May, 1864, came to Milwaukee and entered the Seminary of St. Francis de Sales, being ordained priest December 21, 1866. After his ordination he became professor of philosophy in this institution, remaining there until 1875 when he went to Green Bay to become secretary to Bishop Krautbauer. In 1879 was made vicar-general of the diocese of Green Bay. On the death of his superior he became administrator and later bishop. In 1800 was appointed to
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the Archepiscopal See of Milwaukee. Died in Milwaukee in 1900.
Kaukauna .- This is an incorporated city of Outagamie county, with a population of 4,991. The Fox river runs through the city and railroad facilities are supplied by the C. & N. W. Ry., whose princi- pal shops are located here. Appleton, the county scat, is 7 miles west. The postal supply is distributed from two postoffices, Kau- kauna and South Kaukauna. The city contains two banks and two weekly newspapers, the Sun and the Times. An interurban trolley line connects the city with Appleton.
Keelers, a post town of 200 people on the C. & N. W. Ry. in Oneida county, 18 miles from Rhinelander, the county seat. The town is on the edge of Pelican lake, and is well known as a sum- mer resort.
Keeley Cure Orders .- The legislature of 1895 authorized the commitment of inebriates to a "cure" of which a number were established in the state, at the expense of the county in which the committed person resided. This law was declared void by the su- preme court two years later and many of the "cures" were left with orders on counties for treatment of inebriates, which they could not collect. In 1901 the legislature appropriated $30.000 to pay these orders, which the court decision had made invalid.
Keene, a discontinued postoffice in Portage county.
Kegonsa, Lake, sometimes called First lake, the southernmost and smallest of the Madison group of four lakes. It was given this name by Lyman C. Draper (q. v.) in 1855, and the same year the name was legalized by the legislature.
Kekoskee, a post village with a population of 200 on the Rock river in Dodge county, 12 miles northeast of Juneau, the county seat.
Kelley, a discontinued postoffice in Marathon county.
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