USA > Wisconsin > Wisconsin: comprising sketches of counties, towns, events, institutions, and persons, arranged in cyclopedic form: > Part 30
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Strickland, a postoffice and station on the M., St. P. & S. Ste. M. Ry. in Rusk county, 21 miles west of Ladysmith, the county seat.
Strong, Moses M .- This prominent figure in the territorial and early state history of Wisconsin was born in Rutland, Vt., May 20. 1810. He was graduated from Dartmouth in 1829, and came to Mineral Point Wis., in 1836, for the purpose of investing some funds, of which he was trustee, in lands. In 1838 he was ap- pointed U. S. attorney of the territory of Wisconsin. In 1841 he was elected to the territorial legislature and served until 1846, when he became a member of the first constitutional convention ; in 1850 he was speaker of the assembly, and later was again elected a member of the assembly. He was prominently connected with the work of building the first railroads in the state. He was the
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author of "A History of Wisconsin Territory." He died in Min- eral Point, July 20, 1894.
Strong's Prairie, a postoffice of 100 people in Adams county. Friendship, the county seat, is 131/2 miles to the southeast.
Strum, a post town of nearly 300 population on the Beef river and the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry. in Trempealeau county, 17 miles north of Whitehall, the county seat.
Sturgeon Bay .- This place is a city of 4,640 population, the county seat of Door county. It is on the canal connecting Green Bay with Lake Michigan, and on the shore of Green Bay, and is a station of the A. & W. Ry. The city was incorporated in 1883, just 33 years after its first settlement. There are 4 banks and 2 weekly newspapers, the Door County Democrat and the Advocate. The Hart and the Goodrich lines of steamers make this port regu- larly during the season of navigation.
Sturgeon Bay & Lake Michigan Canal & Harbor Company .- In 1868 the legislature authorized the construction of a canal across the peninsula between Green Bay and Lake Michigan, and the company of this name dug the canal and secured the land granted by congress several years previously for the purpose.
Suamico, a post town of 100 people in Brown county and a sta- tion on the C. & N. W. Ry., 9 miles north of Green Bay, the county scat.
Sucker Lake is in Polk county. Deronda is the nearest railroad station.
Suffrage Association, Woman's .- The Equal Suffrage Associa- tion was organized at Madison with Mrs. John Bascom, presi- dent. It became a state organization in 1882 and the name was changed. It has not been active of late years.
Suffrage in Wisconsin, Negro .- In 1846 when the first constitu- tion was submitted to the people of the territory of Wisconsin there was also submitted, on a separate ballot, a proposed addition to the article on suffrage, allowing negroes to vote. The proposi- tion was defeated, as well as the proposed constitution. In 1849, after the admission of the state, the legislature resolved to submit the question of negro suffrage to the people; this time it carried.
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Owing to the ambiguous phrasing of the measure, however, it was thoughit to have been defeated, and in this belief the question was submitted twice thereafter. In 1865, Ezekiel Gillespie, a negro of mixed blood, attempted to register as a voter in the 7th ward of Milwaukee and was refused permission. A few days later at the election he offered his vote and that was refused. He brought ac- tion and in due time it reached the supreme court, and that body gave an unanimous opinion to the effect that the negro suffrage clause submitted in 1849 carried and that negroes had actually had the right to vote in Wisconsin from that time.
Sugar Bush, a postoffice of 60 people in Outagamie county and a station on the C. & N. W. Ry., 26 miles northwest of Appleton, the county seat.
Sugar Grove, a discontinued postoffice in Vernon county.
Sugar River rises in Dane county ; flows southeast through Green and across southwest corner of Rock counties into Winnebago county, Illinois, where it joins the Rock river.
Sullivan, a post town on the C. & N. W. Ry. in Jefferson county, 14 miles east of Jefferson, the county seat. It has a population of 200. ยท
Summit Lake, a country postoffice of Langlade county and a sta- tion on the C. & N. W. Ry., 17 miles north of Antigo, the county seat.
Sumner, a discontinued postoffice in Jefferson county.
Sumner, Daniel H., was born in Malone, Franklin county, N. Y., Sept. 15, 1837; came to Waukesha, Wis., in 1870 and was district attorney of Waukesha county 1876-77. Ile was a democratic mem- ber from the second district, of the 48th congress.
Sun Prairie, an incorporated village of Dane county, 111/2 miles northeast of Madison, the county seat. It is on the C., M. & St. P. Ry., has a population of 1,086, 2 banks, and a weekly newspaper, the Countryman.
Superintendent of Schools, County .- See Common Schools.
Superior .- This city of 36,551 people is the county seat of Doug- las county. It is directly across from Duluth, Minn., and the joint harbor is third of all the harbors in point of tonnage received and
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shipped. The city is located on the bays of Superior, Allouez and St. Louis and the railroad facilities are excellent, the N. P., the G. N., the W. C., the C., St. P., M. & O. and the D. S. S. & A. Rys., all enter the city. There are 5 banks, and the following pa- pers are published : the Telegram (daily), and the Clarion Citizen, the Times, the Tidende, the Svenska Tribune (Swedish), all weeklies.
Supreme Court, Judges of .- Prior to 1853 the supreme court was not a separate organization, the circuit judges being ex-officio jus- tices of the supreme court. The circuit judges who constituted the supreme court from 1818 to 1853 were; Alex. W. Stow, C. J .; Edw. V. Whiton, A. J .; Levi Hubbell, A. J .; Mortimer M. Jack- son, A. J. ; Timothy O. Howe. A. J .; Hiram Knowlton, A. J. Since 1853 the following have been members of the supreme court, some having been appointed to fill vacancies and later elected and others having been elected direct. The term of office is 10 years, and the salary is now $6,000, having been increased from $5,000 within a few years; Edw. V. Whiton, served from June 1, 1853, to April 12, 1859; Luther S. Dixon, from April 20, 1859, to June 17, 1864; E. G. Ryan, June 17, 1874 to Oct. 19. 1880; Oramus Cole, June 18, 1855 to Jan. 4, 1892; Samuel Crawford, June 1, 1833 to June 19, 1855; Abram D. Smith, June 1, 1853 to June 21, 1859; Byron Paine, June 21, 1859 to Nov. 15, 1864 and from Sept. 11, 1867 to Jan. 13, 1811 ; Jason Downer, Nov. 15, 1864 to Sept. 11, 1867; Wm. P. Lyon, Jan 20, 1871 to Jan. 1, 1894; David Taylor, April 18, 1978 to April 3, 1891; Harlow S. Orton, April 18, 1878 to July 4, 1895; John B. Cassoday, Nov. 11, 1880, term expires January, 1910; John B. Wins- low, May 4, 1891, term expires January, 1916 ; Silas U. Pinney, Jan. 1, 1892 to Nov. 9, 1898; Alfred W. Newman, Jan. 1, 1894 to Jan. 12, 1898; Roujet D. Marshall, Aug. 5, 1895, term expires January, 1908; Chas. V. Bardeen, April 5, 1898 to March 20, 1903; . Joshua E Dodge, Nov. 19, 1898, term expires January, 1912; Robert E. Sic- becker, April 9, 1903, term expires January, 1914; James C. Ker- win, Jan. 1, 1905, term expires January, 1915. Of these named Whiton, Dixon, Ryan, Cole, Lyon, Orton and Cassoday became in their order chief justice, Cassoday still serving in that capacity.
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Surgeon General .- See Governor's Military Staff.
Suring, a post village on the C. & N. W. Ry. in Oconto county, 32 miles northwest of Oconto, the county seat. It has a popula- tion of 200.
Sussex, a post village of 300 population in Waukesha county, 9 miles north of Waukesha, the county seat. It is on the C., M. & St. P. Ry.
Swan, a discontinued postoffice in Marathon county.
Sweat Shops .- The legislature of 1899 enacted a law against sweat-shops, prohibiting the use of living rooms by others beside the family, for manufacturing purposes.
Sweden, a post station on the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry., 45 miles south of Washburn, the county seat of Bayfield county, within which it is located.
Swine Breeders' Association .- This organization was effected Sept. 12, 1883, for the purpose of promoting and improving the breeds of swine. It gives a prize for swine exhibits at the state fair each year.
Swiss, a country postoffice in Burnett county, 43 miles northeast of Grantsburg, the judicial seat of the county.
Syene, a country postoffice of Dane county, and a station on C. & N. W. Ry., 6 miles south of Madison, the county seat.
Sylvan, a postoffice of 52 people in Richland county, 18 miles northwest of Richland Center, the county seat.
Sylvania, a discontinued postoffice in Racine county.
Symco, a post village on the Little Wolf river in Waupaca county. The village has a population of 300. Waupaca, the county seat, is 18 miles southwest of Symco.
Tamarack, a country postoffice of Trempealeau county, 22 miles sontheast of Whitehall, the county seat.
Tank, Mrs. C. L., was born in Holland in 1803. She became the wife of Rev. Otto Tank, a Norwegian missioner, and came to Green Bay, in 1850, where, in 1864, the husband died. Mrs. Tank had in- herited from her father, a Dutch clergyman, a large library and a collection of historical relics which, before her death in 1891. she
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donated to the state historical society. The collection is one of the rarest and most valuable of its kind in the world.
Tarrant, a postoffice of 20 people in Pepin county, 8 miles from Durand, the county seat.
Taus, a discontinued postoffice in Manitowoc county.
Tavera, a country postoffice in Richland county, 20 miles south- west of Richland Center, the county seat.
Taxation, General .- The fundamental provisions of the constitu- tion as to taxation are that "The rule of taxation shall be uniform,' and that "Taxes shall be levied upon such property as the legisla- ture shall prescribe," also that "The legislature shall provide each year for an annual tax sufficient to defray the estimated expenses of the state."
Taxation, System of .- The Wisconsin system of taxation in- cludes (1) a system of general ad valorem taxation on all kinds of property except that which is made specifically exempt by the stat- utes,-known as the general property tax; (2) a system of license fees imposed upon certain quasi-public corporations in lieu of other forms of taxation ; (3) a system of special ad valorem taxation im- posed by a state board upon railroads and certain other quasi-pub- lie corporations; (4) a system of taxation on inheritances; (5) a system of license fees for the sale of intoxicating liquors and (6) a system of poll taxes. The total amount of taxes annually col- lected from all sources is approximately $25,000,000.
Tax Commission, State .- What is known as the voluntary tax commission was authorized by the legislature of 1897. The men- bers served without state pay and made a report to the legislature of 1899. The latter body authorized the appointment of a commis- sion consisting of a commissioner and two assistants, the term of office to be ten years and the salary to be $5,000 for the commis- sioner and $4,000 each for the assistants. This commission began its work early in 1900 and made a report to the legislature of 1901, recommending among other things an increase of $600,000 a year in the taxes of the railways and the retention of the license fee system for the railways. Later the commission was made the state board of assessment, and under the law passed in 1903 assessed the
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railroads on the ad valorem basis. The legislature of 1955 pro- vided for the re-organization of the commission, putting tle mem- bers on an equal footing and giving each a salary of $5,000. The attempt to tax the railroads on the ad valorem basis in 1904 is be- ing contested in the courts by the railroads, their contention being that the assessment is relatively much higher than that of other property.
Taycheedah, a post town of 200 population in Fond du Lac county, 4 miles northeast of Fond du Lac, the county seat. It is on the C. & N. W. Ry.
Tay-cho-pe-rah .- The Winnebago name for the "Four Lakes" country. It is a combination of "tshopiwi," the Winnebago for four, and "tubhah," meaning lakes.
Taylor, a post village of 150 people on the Trempealeau river and the G. B. & W. R. R. in Jackson county, 16 miles west of Black River Falls, the county seat.
Taylor County is in the north central part of the state. It is named after Justice Taylor of the state supreme court. The area of the county is 990 square miles and its population in 1905 was 12,481. Its organization occurred in 1825. The soil is a clay inter- spersed with yellow loam. The city of Medford is the county scat.
Taylor, William Robert, a former governor of the state, was born in Connecticut, July 10, 1820. He came to Cottage Grove, this state, in 1818 and in the years following he was elected to both houses of the legislature and in 1873 by a combination of demo- crats and grangers,-of which latter organization he was a leading member,-he was elected governor of the state, defeating C. C. Washburn, the republican candidate. (Sce Potter Law.)
Teachers' Association, Wisconsin .- This association was organ- ized in 1853 and incorporated by the legislature in 1855. Its pur- pose as expressed was mutual improvement of its members and the promotion of popular education throughout the state. Prior to 1889 annual and semi-annual sessions were held, in July and De- cember. Since that time only annual meetings are held, in De- cember. The change made possible the organization of four auxil- iary associations, the Southeastern, the Southwestern, the North-
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eastern and the Northwestern associations which hold meetings in their respective sections. The Teachers' association does a great deal of work along the line of shaping legislation ou educational matters. In its deliberations it discusses practical questions re- lating to organization, discipline, management and methods. The University of Wisconsin, the normal schools and the colleges of the state are represented in its membership and high school and grade teachers, county and city superintendents are actively identi- fied with it. The annual membership fee is $1 for men and 50 cents for women. The Wisconsin Journal of Education was established and published for a number of years under the auspices of the or- ganization.
Tecumseh, Chief .- This famous Indian chief came to an Indian council at Green Bay in 1811 seeking to induce the western tribes to join the Indian uprising. Most of the Wisconsin Indians were on the side of the British when the War of 1812 broke out.
Tell, a country postoffice in Buffalo county. Alma, the county seat, is 61/4 miles to the southwest.
Temperance Alliance, Woman's, was organized in 1873, its par- pose, as explained in its constitution, being to promote total absti- nence from all alcoholic, vinous and malt liquors, on the part of its members ; to discountenance the same in others and to oppose the use of fermented wines at church sacraments.
Templeton, a post town on the C., M. & St. P. Ry. and the W. C. Ry. in Waukesha county, 9 miles north of Waukesha, the county. seat. It has a population of 100.
Teresita, a country postoffice of Rusk county. Ladysmith, the county seat, is 416 miles north.
Terrill, a discontinued postoffice in Waushara county.
Territorial Legislature, The First .- The seventh territorial legis- lature of Michigan convened at Green Bay in 1836, and memorial- ized congress to form a separate territory west of Lake Michigan. (See Territory of Wisconsin.) The territory of Wisconsin was established with Henry Dodge as governor, Charles Dunn as chief justice, and John S. Horner as secretary of state. The first Wis- consin territorial legislative assembly convened at Belmont in 1836,
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and there selected Madison as the capital city. The next session convened at Burlington (now in the state of Iowa) and in 1838 the first session was held in the capital city.
Tess Corners, a discontinued postoffice in Waukesha county.
Theresa, an incorporated village on the Rock river and the W. C. Ry. in Dodge county, with a population of 354. Juneau, the county seat, is 18 miles distant.
Thiensville, a post village with a population of 300 on the Mil- waukee river in Ozaukce county, and a station on the C., M. & St. P. Ry., 15 miles southwest of Port Washington, the county seat.
Thiry Daems, a country postoffice in Kewaunce county, 21 miles northwest of Kewaunce, the county seat.
Thomas, Ormsby B., was born at Sandgate, Bennington county, Vt .. Aug. 21, 1832, and came to Wisconsin in 1836. He was a member of the assembly in 1862, 1865 and again in 1867; state senator 1880-81 and was elected as a republican to the house of representatives of the 19th, 50th and 51st congresses. Prairie du Chien was his home.
Thomson, Alex M., was born in Pittsburg. Pa., May 30, 1822. He came to Wisconsin in 1848. He was for a time editor-in-chief of the Sentinel, and later editorial writer on the Chicago Tribune. He took a prominent part in the organization of the republican party in 1854. During his later years he published a political his- tory of Wisconsin. Hle died June 9, 1898.
Thompsonville, a discontinued postoffice in Racine county.
Thornapple River rises in Sawyer county ; flows south and joins the Chippewa river in Chippewa county.
Thorp, an incorporated village of Clark county on the W. C. Ry., 40 miles northwest of Neillsville, the county seat. The village has a population of 878, a bank and a weekly newspaper, the Courier.
Three Hundred Feet Law, The .- The laws of 1905 prohibit the granting of liceuses for the sale of liquor within 300 feet of a pub- lic ar parochial school building. The law does not apply at once to saloons already established on Jure 30, 1905, within the 300 feet limit, but provides that after Jan. 1, 1908, no place for the
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sale of liquor shall be allowed within the 300 feet limit, the meas- urements being from the line of the school grounds.
Three Lakes, a post village of ?00 people on the C. & N. W. Ry. in Oneida county, 16 miles northeast of Rhinelander, the county seat. A weekly newspaper, the Forest Advance, is published.
Tibbets, a discontinued postoffice in Racine county.
Tichigan, a discontinued postoffice in Racine county.
Tides in Great Lakes .- In Green bay the water has at different times been known to rise four or five inches, but scientists are of the opinion that there are no sensible lunar tides in the great lakes. While there are probably planetary influences at work the changes of level of the lake waters are believed to be due to atmospheric phenomena. Early travelers at Green Bay mention in their writ- ings the occasional tides noticeable there.
Tiffany, a postoffice of 30 people and a station on the C. & N. W. Ry. in Rock county, 9 miles southeast of Janesville, the county seat. It is also called Shopiere Station.
Tiffany Creek, a stream rising in St. Croix county and flowing east into Dunn county to join the Hay river.
Tigerton, an incorporated village on the Embarrass river in Shawano county and a station on the C. & N. W. Ry., 28 miles west of Shawano, the county seat. The population of 734 supports a bank and a weekly newspaper, the Chronicle.
Tilleda, a country postoffice of Shawano county, 20 miles west of Shawano, the county seat.
Timberland, a country postoffice in Burnett county. Grants- burg, the county seat, is 45 miles to the northwest.
Timme, a post town of 251) people in Oconto county, 26 miles northwest of Oconto, the county seat.
Timothy, a postoffice of 100 people in Manitowoc county, 8 miles southwest of Manitowoc, the county seat. It is the postoffice for Newton station on the C. & N. W. Ry.
Tioga, a post station on the A. & N. E. Ry. in Clark county, 18 miles northwest of Neillsville, the county seat.
Tisch Mills, a post village of 200 people in Manitowoc county. Manitowoc, the county scat, is 18 miles to the south.
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Token, a discontinued postoffice in Dane county.
Toll Roads, Plank and Turnpike .- In the early history of the state toll roads and ferries across unbridged streams and private toll bridges were encouraged to make travelling more comfortable and safe. The legislature passed many laws to protect the public from any encroachment by these private enterprises upon their rights, fixed maximum rates to be charged, etc. Before an in- dividual or corporation could operate even where the road, bridge or ferry was wholly on private property, a special charter was nec- cssary. The construction of railroads and the opening and im- provement of public highways by the settlement of the country have done away with the necessity for private enterprises, and there are few of them now operated in the state.
Tomah, an incorporated city of 3,008 population in Monroe county, located on the line of the C., M. & St. P. Ry., 17 miles northeast of Sparta, the county seat. There are two weekly news- papers, the Monitor and the Journal, and two banks.
Tomahawk, an incorporated city of Lincoln county, located on the M., T. & W. and the C., M. & St. P. Rys., at the confluence of the Tomahawk, Somo and Wisconsin rivers, 23 miles north of Mer- rill, the county seat. The city was platted in 1887 and incorporated in 1891, and today has a population of 2,626. There are two banks and two weekly newspapers, the Towahawk Leader and the Toma- hawk.
Tomahawk Lake, a postoffice of 80 people on the C. & N. W. Ry. in Oneida county, 17 miles northwest of Rhinelander, the county seat. It was formerly called Rainbow.
Tomahawk Lake is in Vilas and Oneida counties. Tomahawk Lake village is ou its banks and is the nearest rail approach.
Tomahawk River rises in Oneida county ; flows cast and south to join the Wisconsin river near Tomahawk. Lincoln county.
Tonet, a postoffice of 50 people in Kewaunce county, 18 miles northwest of Kewaunce, the county seat.
Tonty, Henry De, a French explorer and soldier who aided La Salle in his work of exploration. He spent a portion of the winter of ISS0-81 on the peninsula which now constitutes Door county.
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Tony, a post village on the M., St. P. & S. Ste. M. Ry. in Rusk county, 6 miles east of Ladysmith, the county seat. It has a popu- lation of 600 which supports a weekly newspaper, the Enterprise. The original settlement was in 1896.
Tornado, a country postoffice in Door county, 9 miles southwest of Sturgeon Bay, the county seat.
Torun, a discontinued postoffice in Portage county.
Towerville, a discontinued postoffice in Crawford county.
Townsend, a postoffice of 100 people on the C. & N. W. Ry. in Oconto county, 52 miles northwest of Oconto, the county seat.
Trade Lake, a post town of 150 people on Trade river in Bur- nett county, 11 miles southeast of Grantsburg. the county seat.
Trade River, a country postoffice on the Trade river in Burnett county, 11 miles southeast of Grantsburg, the county seat.
Trade Unions .- Prior to 1882 there were but few trades unions in Wisconsin, the cigar makers' and the printers' being the prin- cipal ones. From 1882 to 1887 the Knights of Labor gained con- siderable strength and influence; but as they disregarded trade lines and sought to merge all unions into one, and beside were rather exclusive in the matter of membership. the order soon de- clined in strength. When the Knights of Labor began to lose ground the trades unions in Wisconsin turned their attention to the new federation of workers, the American Federation of Labor. The first to join this federation were the Milwaukee unions which united under the name of the Federated Trades Council on Aug. 14, 1887. Since then twenty-one other city central bodies have been formed in various cities of the state with which are affiliated 450 unions comprising a membership of nearly 50,000. The Wis- consin State Federation of Labor was organized permanently in June, 1893. The central idea in its formation was to bring local bodies into closer affiliation and to initiate general forms of agita- tion that could not be successfully handled by local bodies or unions. At its annual sessions it pays special attention to the securing of labor legislation and the organization of the working class. The Wisconsin federation is noted for being very progres- sive.
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Training Schools, County .- In 1899 the legislature authorized the establishment of six county training schools in counties where no normal schools were located for the training of teachers. The law was amended later to admit of 12 training schools. The coun- ties establish the schools and the state pays two-thirds of the an- nual expense of maintenance, providing that proportion of the ex- pense does not exceed $3,500 for each school.
Tramway, a country postoffice in Dunn county, on the C., St. P., M. & O. Ry., 8 miles northwest of Menomonie, the county seat.
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