USA > Indiana > Brown County > Counties of Morgan, Monroe, and Brown, Indiana. Historical and biographical > Part 10
USA > Indiana > Monroe County > Counties of Morgan, Monroe, and Brown, Indiana. Historical and biographical > Part 10
USA > Indiana > Morgan County > Counties of Morgan, Monroe, and Brown, Indiana. Historical and biographical > Part 10
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It must be noticed, however, that up to this period, there was no sign of a town at what is now Martinsville. The land was covered with a rich growth of native forestry, and numerous pits or holes dotted the surface. An old Delaware trail ran across the town site from northeast to southwest, passing near the southeast corner of the public square, and also near the large spring of water in the hills northeast of the town.
It is not positively known how the town came to be called Martins- ville. The most reasonable among several ways mentioned is that it was named from John Martin, of Washington County, the oldest of the locating Commissioners. But this origin of the name must not be regarded as positively established. The location was completed the first week in March, 1822. The site selected was upon the line dividing Townships 11 and 12 north, Range 1 east, of the Second Principal Meridian, the township line passing across the public square. The site was also upon
82
HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY.
Section 4 of the former township, and Section 33 of the latter. The following entries on these sections had been made :
NAMES.
TOWN- SHIP.
RANGE.
SEC- TION.
ACRES.
DATE.
LOCATION.
John Gray
. .
11
1
4
75.85
September 4, 1820 ..
E. ¿ N. E. Į.
John Gray ..
11
1
4
75.85
September,4, 1820 ..
W. ¿ N. E. ¿.
Joshua Taylor.
11
1
4
76.27
September 4, 1820 ..
E. Į N. W. ₺.
Samuel Scott ..
11
1
4
76.27
January 9, 1821. ...
W. ¿ N. W. 4.
Joel Ferguson .
12
1
33
80
September 5, 1820 ..
E. ¿ S. E. .
Joel Ferguson .
12
1
33
80
September 5, 1820 ..
W. ¿ S. E. 4.
Jacob Cutler .. .
12
1
33
80
September 5, 1820 ..
E. Į S. W. .
Jacob Cutler .. .
12
1
33
80
September 5, 1820 ..
W. ¿ S. W. 1.
In the immediate vicinity of these sections, the following men had also entered land :
John Connor, Larkin Reynolds, Thomas Jenkins, Jacob Cose, Reuben Mast, Alexander Rowand, Allen Gray, Jacob Lafaver and others, as will be seen from another chapter of this volume.
DONATIONS AND SALES OF TOWN LOTS.
As a consideration for the location of the county seat thereon, the following donations of land were made to Morgan County: By Joel Fer- guson, thirty-seven and one-half acres on the west half of the southeast quarter of Section 33, Township 12, Range 1 east; by Jacob Cutler, thirty-seven and one-half acres on the west half of the southwest quarter of the same section ; by John Gray, forty acres on the west half of the northeast quarter of Section 4, Township 11, Range 1 east ; by Joshua Taylor and Samuel Scott, forty acres on the east half of the northwest quarter ; in all, 155 acres of good land.
So far as can be learned, this land was the only donation, except the large spring northeast of town, which was forever granted to the use of the town of Martinsville by Joel Ferguson in April, 1822. The locating Commissioners did not lay off the town ; they fixed the county seat, se- cured the donations, and then transferred all further action to George W. Preston, County Agent. During the latter part of May, the new town was surveyed and platted under the supervision of the County Agent, by James Gattelly, County Surveyor, assisted by Benjamin Hoffman, Larkin Reynolds, Jonathan Williams and others. A total of forty-two blocks was laid off on the donated land, seven blocks east and west, and six north and south, together with a row of undivided out-blocks or lots, extending entirely around the town proper. The forty-two blocks were subdivided into lots, except Block 18, which was reserved for the public square. The old plat shows Water, Sycamore, Jefferson, Main, Mulberry, Marion and Cherry streets extending east and west, beginning on the south, and Highland, Harrison, Pike, Morgan, Washington, Jackson, Columbus and Walnut streets extending north and south, beginning on the east.
The first public sale of lots occurred in June, 1822, and unfortunately a full account of this sale cannot be given. Another took place in August, and still another in November, the total receipts of the sale
83
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE.
footing up to $364.02. Several public sales took place in 1823, and several during subsequent years, until all the lots were disposed of, which did not occur until about thirty years. The names of the buyers can not be stated.
THE FIRST AND SUBSEQUENT BUILDINGS.
The log house of Jacob Cutler, erected a short distance north of the northeast corner of the public square, was the first on the town site, and was built in 1820. It was the first county court house, and was the office of George H. Beeler, the first Clerk and Recorder of the county, Mr. Beeler being a son-in-law, it is stated, of Mr. Cutler. Among the early buyers of lots were G. H. Beeler, Jared Olds, John Morrison, Jacob Cutler, Joel Ferguson, John Gray, Samuel Scott, Joshua Taylor and James Clark. About six families located in town in 1822. In the fall, Joshua Taylor opened the first tavern a short distance south of town. John Sims was the first store keeper, so far as known, and began selling from a small stock of notions in the spring of 1823. His stock of mer- chandise was probably worth less than $100. He obtained his license to sell liquor and a few goods and notions and keep tavern the following fall, and paid $10 for it for one year. Joshua Taylor's tavern paid a license of $10 per annum. Taverns in those days almost invariably contained a bar, at which excellent whisky and other liquor could be ob- tained-for the money. The early taverns at Martinsville were no excep- tion to the rule.
In the spring of 1824, G. W. Preston became tavern keeper, and a little later in the same year John Sims renewed his license for the same occupation. In the autumn of 1824, Noah Allison brought to the town a small stock of general merchandise, probably about $600 worth, and was no doubt the first genuine store keeper of the place. At this time, the town contained about sixteen families, and was quite a thriving little place. Carpenters, coopers, blacksmiths, and other useful artisans and mechanics were present plying their crafts. Mails were received daily, the route lying from Indianapolis, via Bloomington to Madison. Jona- than Williams was the carrier about this time and later. It is likely that Christopher Ladd kept tavern in Martinsville at an early day, though this is somewhat uncertain. It is positively known that he was a resident of Port Royal early in the twenties. A school had been started, preachers had come in to expound the faith as they understood it, and a county court house and a county jail had just been erected. Altogether, Mar- tinsville was a thrifty town.
In 1825, John Sims, Benjamin Cutler, Jacob Cutler and John Mc- Kinney sold liquor. The Cutlers had erected a distillery at the big spring, and were furnishing quite extensively for that day an excellent article of corn whisky. It is said they rectified no small amount of the liquor, and it is also said with a significant smile and shake of the head that no such whisky is seen in these days of degenerate drinks. Noah Allison re- newed his store license in 1825, and increased his stock in size and qual- ity, as is proved by the higher license paid by him. Larkin Reynolds sold liquor in 1826, as did also James Clark, the Cutlers, Samuel Wick and perhaps others. The number of liquor sellers was the result of the uni-
.
84
HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY.
versal custom of drinking. Men, women and children took their potations regularly, and it is asserted by old settlers, who ought to know, that there was less drunkenness then, than now. In 1826, Jacob Cutler opened with over $1,000 worth of general merchandise. He also began to buy and pack a few hogs, and buy wheat and corn for shipment, and the latter largely for manufacture into whisky at his distillery. It is stated that he sent the first boat load of pork from Martinsville down the river to New Orleans. He obtained groceries at that point, but his dry goods were obtained largely from the southern part of the State. In November, 1826, G. H. Beeler also opened a small store of general merchandise. A tannery had been started as early as 1824, by John Sims who, it is said, conducted it continuously until his death, in about 1842. This tannery in early years was one of the important industrial features of the town. The big distillery at the spring was another. It is said that Abraham Kiddy was the first blacksmith in town. Mr. Anderson succeeded him. Benjamin Bull was the first resident attorney. Larkin Reynolds also had a strong passion for the calling of Blackstone. A man named Samuel Drake, was connected in business with Mr. Sims in 1829 and later. The latter gentleman, Dr. John Sims, was a man of good brain and education, and was the first resident physician. He practiced over a circuit of sixty miles, being occasionally called to see a patient thirty miles away. He had several fine horses of the St. Charles breed, the great race-horse stock of that day, and in his long and rapid rides was always accompanied by an old pair of leather saddle-bags which contained his medicine cases. He knew well how to bleed and purge and dose with herbs and quinine and snakeroot and ipecac, as was the custom in those days.
Noah Allison, John Sims and G. H. Beeler were the merchants in 1827, and Jacob Cutler, John Cutler and several others the liquor sellers. Chris Ladd was tavern keeper about this time, if reports are reliable. The town remained about the same in 1828. In 1829, Sims & Drake, G. H. Beeler and Washburn & Co. were the merchants, and John Hurst and John Craig the liquor sellers. In 1830, the merchants were the same, except that G. A. Phelps had taken the place of Mr. Beeler. Robert Worthington and John Hurst sold liquor. In 1831, the mer- chants were Phelps & Co., Washburn & Co., James Cunningham and John Sims. In 1832, John Sims, Phelps & Co., James Cunningham and James M. Mitchell, the latter having been formerly connected with the firm of Washburn & Co. in the capacity of clerk. James Dickens, R. D. Worthington, J. J. Graham and others were selling liquor. In 1833, John Sims, J. & L. D. Cunningham and J. M. Mitchell were the merchants. In 1834, John Sims, James Cunningham, J. M. Mitchell, William Scott and William Sheerer sold goods. Giles Mitchell kept tavern where the Mason House now stands, beginning in 1834 or 1835. In 1831, a caravan of wild animals exhibited at the county seat for $5 license. Benedict & Eldred's circus exhibited there in 1833, and J. T. & J. P. Bailey's circus and menagerie in 1835, and Frost, Husted & Co.'s circus in 1836. In 1835, the merchants were Hite & Parks, William Scott, James Cunningham, J. M. Mitchell, William Sheerer and John Sims; in 1836, Cunningham, Mitchell, W. H. Craig, Joseph Dawson, P. M. & N. Parks, Mitchell. At this time, the population of the town
85
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE.
was about 200. From the foundation of the town up to 1837, among the residents had been the families of John Sims, P. M. Blankenship, G. H. Beeler, Isaac D. Sheppard, J. M. Mitchell (single), James Lank- ford (colored), Benjamin Sweet (a carpenter), Dr. H. R. Stevens, Joshua Taylor, P. M. Parks, P. B. McCoy, Jacob Cutler, Benjamin Cutler, Jonathan Hunt, Benjamin Bull, G. A. Phelps, James Gallatly, James Ray (carpenter), John Eckles, Dr. Matheny, James Jackson, Dr. Huff, W. H. Craig, James Crawford, Edward Talbert, James Epperson, Jacob Crum- back, J. J. Graham, Ed, Warren, Joshua Taylor, Allen Gray, John Gray, Sr. and Jr., John Moran (a cooper), Jacob Vansickle, Mr. Gard- ner, Andrew Rose, Hewitt Nutter (hotel keeper), John Glessner (a shoe- maker), Robert Worthington, William Sheerer, Giles Mitchell, James Cunningham, William Cox, Noah Allison, Joseph Dawson, William Story, George Mahoney (a blacksmith who was killed by lightning), B. F. Barnard, Thomas McClure (a blacksmith), W. J. Brag (same), Jacob Ellis (cabinet-maker), A. T. Whiteman, and many others, including those mentioned a few pages back.
THE EARLY PORK AND GRAIN TRADE.
From 1835 to about 1850, Martinsville did a large business in ship- ping pork and grain by boat to New Orleans or other Southern points. The principal men engaged in this business during that period were John Sims, W. H. Craig, James Cunningham, P. M. Parks and J. M. and S. M. Mitchell, nearly all of whom owned separate warehouses or slaughter- houses. Mr. Parks and the Mitchells were engaged in the business some- what more extensively than the others. It is stated that during some seasons in the forties, not less than 9,000 hogs were slaughtered at Martinsville, and shipped on flat-boats down the river. The stock was purchased over a large section of country, driven to the slaughter houses, killed and packed by from five to fifteen men, and the following spring loaded on flat-boats sixty or one-hundred feet long and floated down the river to market. This extensive business called into existence many coopers to make barrels, and brought to town many men of means who were attracted by the activity and extent of commercial transactions. Much of the pork was not packed in barrels, but was shipped in bulk. Upon the arrival at New Orleans, the cargo, which had been consigned to some commission house, was delivered and the boats sold for from $50 to $150. The return as far as Madison, was made by steamboat, a stock of foreign groceries usually being brought up. The remainder of the trip was by wagon, until railroads came into use early in the forties, and after that the journey by wagon was from Franklin. Experienced pilots, men who followed the business, more or less constantly from year to year during the shipping seasons, were put in charge of the helm on the flat- boats, and four strong men would ply the oars. The pork trade alone did much to build up the county seat. The shipments of grain were not so extensive. Corn was fed to hogs, and the wheat did not greatly exceed the home demand. As high as 15,000 bushels of those two grains and oats were shipped some seasons. The business of general merchandising was also an important industrial feature of the town late in the thirties, and during the forties. For years the leading merchants were the Cun-
86
HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY.
ninghams, Parks & Hite and the Mitchells. As high as $25,000 worth of goods was often in some of the stores, the annual sales amounting some seasons to $40,000. The Cunninghams were then, and have been since, among the most enterprising, influential and public-spirited citizens of the county seat. It would be pleasant to say the same of certain other wealthy citizens of the town, but facts forbid. The sale of goods was largely on credit, for men had but little money. Commercial exchanges were largely effected by barter. So much butter was worth so much sugar ; so many bushels of potatoes were worth so many bushels of salt ; so many dozen eggs were worth so many yards of calico. Even balances were settled with commodities. Merchants were forced by the fiat of events to take every class of farm production for their wares. Goods were purchased twice a year usually, and upon the receipt of new stocks a rush was made to secure the choice. Years sometimes elapsed ere pay- ments and settlements were made. A much greater percentage of sales was had than now, and merchants calculated on this when they es- tablished their percentage of profit. Swine were the great production of Morgan County in early years. They were easily kept during the win- ter on the rich mast which covered the forest grounds. Their slaughter was one of the leading industries. The conveyance by boat to market, though surrounded with perils to the cargo and toil to the boatmen, was a rich and varied pleasure. The songs upon the boats at night, the sparkling and swiftly moving current, the shifting scenery, the passage of rapids, towns and steamboats, and the novelty of the transactions and scenes at the Southern markets were akin to the tales of rich romance. The old boatmen love to narrate their experiences. William Cox, the present Town Marshal, was the pilot for a score of boats, and knew all the bends and shoals of the rivers down to New Orleans. William Taylor was an- other.
LATER DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOWN.
The growth of the town was quite rapid during the forties, the popula- tion in 1848 being over 400. At this time almost every department of busi- ness was represented. Only the leading or more important features can be noticed. Among the merchants in 1848 were the Cunninghams, the Mitchels, Parks & Hite, S. D. Ruckle, Hunt & Barnard, W. H. Craig, A. S. Griggs, A. Wiggingham, Isaac D. Sheppard and others, the latter two having harness, etc. Drug stores were not apart from apothecaries or doctors' offices until about this time. W. F. Todd opened the first drug store in about 1850. The celebrated drug house of Tarleton & Wampler was opened soon afterward. F. P. A. Phelps, one of the most eminent attorneys ever at the Morgan County bar, engaged in the drug business about the year 1854. William Duncan, Mr. Zuerhurst and J. A. Lewis were engaged quiet extensively in the cabinet business late in the forties, or early in the fifties. Hayward & Co. dealt in agricultural im- plements in the fifties. In 1855 and 1856, or near those years, Hunt and Stafford, the Cunninghams, the Mitchells, Parks & Hite, George F. Watton, C. F. Sims, W. H. Craig, W. J. Sparks, Stafford & Moffatt, M. W. Coleman and others were dealing in dry goods, clothing and no- tions. J. P. Wilson was the daguerrean artist. A. C. Marine sold boots
87
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE.
and shoes ; J. S. Roff manufactured furniture, including coffins and fancy household bric-a-brac. Of course Isaac D. Sheppard was manufact- uring harness. saddles, etc. This has been his constant employment in the same room, from 1833 until the present-a period of over fifty consecu- tive years. The county seat secured its first newspaper, except the little sheet started by Richards, early in the fifties, and in 1856 its second. Under Mr. Callis, the Gazette was an important factor in the develop- ment of Martinsville. Samuel Tucker dealt in furniture in the fifties, as did W. W. Tippins ; W. H. Sailors was a saddler. This is only a partial list of a large business activity.
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS.
The early manufactories included asheries, cooper-shops, distilleries, saw mills, wagon shops, hatteries, harness and saddle shops, furniture shops, woolen factories, etc. J. M. Mitchell soon secured the old Cutler distillery, and conducted it profitably for a number of years. It is said that at one time early in the thirties, there were eight distilleries in Wash- ington Township, the greater number of which did a profitable business. About the year 1845, Talbert & Gilpin erected a two-storied frame house near the southwest corner of the square, placed therein a set of ma- chinery and began carding wool. No spinning or weaving was done. A good business was done until early in the fifties, when the establishment was destroyed by fire. In 1855, W. J. Sparks obtained possession of the old brick County Seminary and transformed the building into a woolen factory. A full outfit of machinery, including two looms, one jack of 180 spindles, a set of 48-inch manufacturing cards, a double roll card, a picker, a napper, a dresser, a fuller, a scourer, and an excellent engine, was placed in the building at a cost of several thousands of dollars, and a large business of carding, spinning, weaving, dressing, fulling and dyeing was begun. The manufactures included yarns, flannels, satinets, jeans, full-cloths, cassimeres, etc. It is stated that as high as 40,000 pounds of wool were manufactured into divers articles during some years. About 1860, the factory was removed to High Rocks on White River, and after running there for four or five years was totally destroyed by fire, entailing a loss of about $30,000 to the owner, and proving his financial ruin. Crawford & Gilpin also conducted a woolen factory dur- ing these years. A planing mill was started by DeTurk, Lewis & Co. about twenty years ago. It is yet operating successfully and is owned by Hubbard & Turner. Joseph Gurley erected a carriage factory about 1863, which he conducted successfully until his death about five years later. He manufactured, it is said, as high as fifty carriages and sulkies per annum. His family conducted it for a few years after his death. George Geyer began the same business about ten years ago, and Nutter & Gurley a year or two later, each of the two establishments doing a fair business. Stine & Krider began the same business in the old Methodist Church about two years ago. John Moffitt took the old Sims tannery soon after the death of John Sims. John Shields succeeded him late in the fifties, and a few years later the present owners, Schaub & Snyder, took possession. This is probably the oldest business establishment of the town. Early in the fifties, Fred Axt erected a tannery, which he
1
88
HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY.
conducted with profit for about twenty years. In about 1860, Baldwin & Olds erected a grist mill at considerable cost, which after operating actively for about five years was burned to the ground. About three years later, Clapper & Hardrick built and equipped the Branch grist mill at a cost of about $15,000. After a few years, Mr. Clark bought out Clapper, and in about 1877, the Branch Brothers purchased the entire property and fitted it with improved machinery. A large business was done under their management. In 1883, the entire structure was burned down, but the loss was partly sustained by insurance. The destruction of the mill was a serious loss to the owners, the town and the community. The Branch Brothers are now erecting a grain elevator of 100,000 bushels capacity. They will also rebuild the grist mill. About ten years ago, Thornburgh & Small erected a large grist mill, the entire cost, including machinery, amounting to about $15,000. They are yet the owners, and are running night and day. Charles Peabody started a saw mill early in the seventies. Mr. Philbrooks owned an interest later. Blair & Hamilton are the present owners. Prather Brothers started a saw mill about two years ago. These mills are in active operation. Parks, Henderson & Harrison erected a large brick pork-packing establishment south of town in 1873, at a cost of about $15,000. They have since slaughtered and packed on an average during each season since, about 15,000 hogs, em- ploying many men in the various departments. This has not been a profitable investment, according to reports. Moran & Hunt opened a small foundry about a year ago. Ed Meran started a planing mill and saw mill on Pike street about a year ago. These have been the leading manufacturing establishments. The dates given must be regarded as only approximate.
PRESENT BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL INTERESTS.
The present business and professional interests of the town may be summed up as follows: Dry goods-Cunningham, Bowlinger & Phelps, Branch & Huff, Lewis & Guthridge, Kennedy & Co., E. M. Woody, Jacob Green, S. M. Mitchell & Son, J. M. Mitchell & Sons. Groceries- Elliott & Tilford, S. S. Griffitt, W. H. Webb, L. B. Mathews, Alexander Lockhart, William Schneider, Horton & Bishop, Heinbarger & Shireman, Frank Lloyd, A. H. Caldwell, A. Wigginton, -- Thomy. Hardware- W. H. Miller & Co., Pierce & Mars, George Branham. Drugs-W. S. Hemrick, J. H. Hart, B. W. Tilford, Tarleton & Tarleton, J. P. Bald- win, Norman & Brother. Boots and shoes-Ousler & Pruitt. Clothing- Dessauer & Brother, L. Hatry & Co. Jewelry-W. H. Crumrine. Milliners-Mrs. P. B. Warner, Mrs. Jesse Burgett, Miss M. E. Arm-
strong. Cigars-George Kelso, Jasper Miller. Barbers-C. W. Schreder, J. J. Fertig, Samuel Lewis. Restaurants-C. Harvey, C. Hill, Mrs. Givens, Lewis Strondebeck. Harness-I. D. Sheppard, Jesse Brandon, Bishop & Horton, - Sthair, W. S. Falkner. Grist mills- E. F. Branch & Brother, Thornburgh & Small. Saw mills-Blair & Hamilton, - Prather. Planing mills and lumber-Hubbard & Tur- ner, E. L. Moran. Agricultural implements-S. M. Guthridge & Co., Julius Keifer, George S. Geyer, W. S. Cramer. Carriage factory- Henry Stine. Tanneries-Schaub & Snyder, Frederick Axt. Saloons-
4
89
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE.
Max Dessauer, Alexander Lockhart, Padgett & Brother, Kennedy & Shields, John Frieze. Hotels-Mason House, Faulkner. House, Eureka House. Notion stores-George Frieze, Jacob Green, Eugene Shields. Livery stables-F. M. Warner, John Fuselman & Son, Mr. Colwell. Foundry-Hunt & Moran. Butchers-G. A. Oeftering, John Lewis, Sthair & Co. Furniture-H. J. Hinson, Lewis & Guthridge, Mr. Schmidt. Marble dealer-W. S. Barnett. Contractors and builders- Hubbard & Turner, A. Rogers, Gregory & Son, F. D. Rundell, Mr. Car- ver. Pork packing-Parks, Henderson & Co. Grain buyers-Branch Brothers, Thornburgh & Small. Bank-First National. Gunsmith- K. K. Mann. Photographer-Mr. Collins. Churches-Methodist Epis- copal, Rev. Ketchum, pastor; Presbyterian, Rev. Furguson, pastor;
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