USA > Indiana > Brown County > Counties of Morgan, Monroe, and Brown, Indiana. Historical and biographical > Part 17
USA > Indiana > Monroe County > Counties of Morgan, Monroe, and Brown, Indiana. Historical and biographical > Part 17
USA > Indiana > Morgan County > Counties of Morgan, Monroe, and Brown, Indiana. Historical and biographical > Part 17
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RAY TOWNSHIP.
THE BUTLER CREEK SETTLEMENT.
TT is not certainly known who was the first permanent settler in Ray Township. Neither is the exact time of the first settlement known. A settlement was made in the western part of the township on Butler Creek in 1821 certainly, and probably in 1820. The settlement of Owen County had an earlier date than that of Morgan County, and Gosport was one of the oldest points. Ephraim Goss, Sr., had located there as early, probably, as 1818, and others had selected farms near him. Then down the river were several other settlements, especially in the vicinity of Spencer, where several scores of families had established themselves. Before there was a white family in Morgan County, and even before the purchase of the soil from the Indians, the country had been visited by numerous home seekers from the older localities down the river and elsewhere. Then, as soon as the purchase became known, the territory was invaded by prospective pioneers and speculators. As early probably as 1820, and certainly as early as 1821, several families established themselves, as above stated, on Butler Creek, about a mile north of the river and near the western boundary of the county. This, so far as can be learned, was the first settlement in Ray Township. There is a tradition to the effect
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HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY.
that several years before this colony was formed, a professional hunter and his family had lived a year or more on the banks of this creek. One thing is certain. After the settlement had been formed, and even after several years had elapsed and other portions of the township had per- manent families, the remains of an old cabin and other evidences of human occupancy were still plainly discernible on the creek. Some have stated that the name of this family was Butler, and that the creek received its christening from that circumstance; but the better opinion seems to be that the stream took its name from a Mr. Butler who lived thereon across the line in Owen County at a very early date. The families of James Mckinney, Solomon Tucker and Thomas Thompson were, so far as is now known, the first to locate permanently in what is now Ray Town- ship. The three families, no doubt, moved there in 1820, and the follow- ing year, when the land was thrown into market, each entered a tract of land where his log cabin had been previously built. The old settler, Philip Hodges, thinks these families were the first in the township, but which was first, or whether either was first, he does not certainly know. He did not move to the township until 1824, but he had passed up the river on more than one occasion on a tour of inspection a year or two before the land was thrown into market, and possibly before the New Purchase had been secured by treaty with the Indians in October, 1818. When he first became aware of the presence of these families in the town- ship, he no longer recollects.
The first tract of land entered was the east half of the southwest quarter of Section 22, on the 16th of February, 1821, by Abner Alexander. The second was the west half of the northwest quarter of Section 27, on the 29th of May, 1821, by Solomon Tucker. The third was the northeast quarter of Section 23, on the 9th of March, 1821, by William Anderson. The fourth was the west half of the southwest quarter of Section 22, on the 20th of July, 1821, by Daniel Goss. The fifth was the east half of the northwest quarter of Section 27, on the 27th of July, 1821, by James McKinney. The sixth was the west half of the southwest quarter, on the 4th of August, 1821, by Thomas Thompson. A few other entries were made in 1821, by Wiley Williams, Joseph Ribble, David Fain in the eastern part, and Philip Hodges on Section 14. Fred Buckhart bought land on Section 8 in 1822, and Ephraim Goss, Jr., on Sections 2 and 35, in 1823. Solomon Watson and Scott Young bought land in the north- western part in 1823. Joshua Crow bought on Section 27 in 1823. Philip Hodges and Charles D. Seaton bought on Section 3 in 1824. Vor- daman Fletcher purchased a tract on Section 13 the same year. Jacob Johns and Benjamin Freeland bought on Section 34, in 1824, and Fred Stigerwalt, Thomas Sandy and William Asher on Section 35 the same year. William Thompson, Abraham Lafaver, John Thompson, Levi Walter, Levi Whitaker, Elijah Bowen, Richard Fletcher, Joseph Rhodes, John Vickery, John Berry, Amos Meyers, Elisha Boyd, Henry Ratts entered land in the township later in the twenties. Among the entries in the thirties were the Whitakers, Jefferson Farr, William Deal, Abe Riley, James Johnson, William Voshels, P. Howell, Samuel Fletcher, Presley Asher, William Guy, Peter Ester. Joseph Yount, Jacob Beaman, Dabney Miller, Joel Eliott, Anderson Poseley, John and William Duckworth, J. S. Johnson, Elijah Duckworth, William Adkins and others.
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RAY TOWNSHIP.
The first colony in the township then was on Butler Creek. The second was in the northwest corner founded by Ephraim Goss, Jr., who entered a tract of land there in January, 1823, and the following spring came out and built a log cabin, into which he moved his family. He had scarcely become established before he was joined by Solomon Watson, Levi Walters, Vordaman Fletcher, Ike Fletcher, Abe Fletcher, Philip Hodges and others. Mr. Hodges came to reside in the township in 1824. He came up the river with a yoke of oxen, but no wagon, in 1824, to the land he had just entered on Section 3. He immediately went to work cutting down trees, cutting out logs and hauling them with the oxen to the spot selected for his cabin. All this was done in one day. The next day Mr. Hodges was assisted by Levi Walters, John Asher, John Matlock and others, who helped him erect the hewed-log cabin, his first home in Mor- gan County. The building was one of the typical sort, with puncheon floor, clapboard roof and door, and the indispensable fire-place. All this work was done in one day. Soon after this, the family, then consisting of the mother and two children, were moved into this back woods home; here the family lived for many years. Mr. Hodges bought the first tract of land in the New Purchase. It was on the first day of the public sale of land at Terre Haute on the 4th of September, 1820. Col. John Vawter was the " crier " of the sale. Mr. Hodges bid in at the Government price of $1.25 per acre in Township 11 north, Range 1 east, now in Washington Township, about two miles east of Martinsville, the west half of the northwest quarter of Section 1, and the east half of the north- east quarter of Section 2, the two lots aggregating 151.45 acres. Im- mediately after the hammer fell, the crier said to Mr. Hodges : "You are the first freeholder in the New Purchase." This fact was not thought as much of then as it is now.
POLL TAX PAYERS OF 1842 .*
Hiram Alexander, Tobias Butler, William Deal, Elijah Eaton, James Farr, Jefferson Farr, Ephraim Goss, Hezekiah Guy, Isham Guy, Philip Hodges, James Johnson, Amos Myers, Enoch Myers, Solomon Myers, James McGinnis, Cyrus Marsh, Thomas McGinnis, James D. Newton, Bartholomew Pearson, Caleb Stirewalt, Adam Stirewalt, Elijah Watters, John Worthen, William Worthen, Levi Whitaker, Jr., G. B. Whitaker, Scott W. Young. This is not a complete list, but is the best that can be given.
INCIDENTS AND IMPROVEMENTS.
The settlement and improvement of the township was slow but sure. A good industrious class of people came in largely from the Southern States, many of whom left there, as they did not care to rear their fami- lies where slavery was regarded as a "divine institution." The free States settling upon the north side of the Ohio River was the point of attraction, and the southern half of Indiana and Illinois received large ascessions to the pioneers. Many species of wild animals infested the forests of Ray Township, even for several years after the first settlement. Deer, especially, were very numerous; scores were often seen in one
1
* The list of tax payers for 1842 is given here, in order to preserve, as far as possible, the names of the early residents. There is no record of the tax payers earlier than 1842.
9
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HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY.
herd, and almost every cabin had venison steak at all meals. Corn bread, venison, fat pork, wild honey or maple sirup or sugar, wild turkeys, potatoes, pumpkins and wild fruits constituted the principal pioneer diet. Occasionally light wheat bread could be had, but this was a delicacy not the commonest. Ephraim Goss, Jr., was one of the most successful hunt- ers in the township. His uncle, Ephraim, Sr., who lived in Owen County, was a famous hunter, and on more than one occasion killed bears. The nephew had learned much of the chase from the uncle, and finally became almost as skillful. If he killed any game larger than deer in Ray Township, such fact is not now known. Philip Hodges relates the following incident of Mr. Goss : One season, during a period of several weeks, the wolves had been very troublesome. At times they would vent- ure so close to the cabin or the stable as to endanger the swine, fowls, calves and sheep, and all these domestic animals had to be carefully watched during the day, and penned securely up in high substantial in- closures at night. This caused a great deal of trouble, which Mr. Goss concluded, if possible, to terminate. He selected a point where the wolves would be likely to pass, and there built a high log or pole pen held firmly in place by stakes. Fresh meat was placed therein, and the trap was so contrived, that when an animal entered the doorway to get the meat the trigger would be struck and the gate would fall, closing securely the means of egress. When all had been made satisfactory, the trap was baited and left to perform its work. Ere many days had elapsed, a large wolf was found in the trap. An opening was made, through which the animal thrust its head in an effort to escape, when the gate was pushed down on its neck, pinning it fast against the log. Here its mouth was securely tied up, and a chain was tied tightly aroung its neck, after which the gate was opened, and the animal permitted to jump out. Several large dogs had been standing about, anxious, no doubt, for a chance at the wolf, but they were put off until after the fierce animal had been led home. It was then resolved to ham-string the wolf, cut the ropes around its mouth, and let it fight the dogs. This was done, and the half crippled animal was savagely attacked by the big dogs. But the curs soon learned "to go slow." The double row of long white teeth would snap together like a steel trap, and cut the skin of the dogs like a knife. After the fight had been witnessed for a long time, the wolf was shot. This was rather cruel sport, but the spectators, of whom Mr. Hodges was one, greatly enjoyed it.
PARAGON.
This village started up early in the fifties. J. D. Newton, who had been selling goods a few miles northeast, started a store there about 1852. His brother Thomas conducted the store, which was continued about fif- teen years. Near the close of the war, Scott & McMillan opened a store. Lehman & McMillan succeeded them. Newton, Hodges & Co. began about 1870. Since then the leading merchants have been Raber & Mc- Cord, Samuel Rosengarden, Frank Cunningham, drugs ; J. W. Prater, drugs ; Clarence H. Jones, drugs, and others. The present merchants are Mr. Raber, J. K. Stout, William Brown & Co., Goss & Co. Andrew Fletcher was the first blacksmith; P. M. Blankenship, the first carpenter.
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RAY TOWNSHIP.
The following men have owned saw mills : P. M. Blankenship, George and Henry Lincoln, Goulding & Harden, Levi Frederick, T. & H. My- ers, J. W. Prater, and at present Philip Blankenship. * Ed Robinson owned a grist mill in town for two or three years, beginning about 1871, at the end of which time it was moved away. Dr. Charles Holman was the first physician and J. D. Newton the first Postmaster. The village has a population of about 250. It has important lumber interests.
SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES.
Where and when the first school was taught in the township cannot fully be determined. The first one, so far as known, was taught in the settle- ment in the northwestern part in the year 1832, by Levi Johnson. This could not have been the first in the township. In all probability, school was taught in the southern part as early as 1828, and possibly earlier. In 1840, there were four established schools, all, of course, being supported by sub- scription. £ Soon after Paragon started into life, a schoolhouse was built there, and Joseph Fletcher became the first teacher. This house was erected by Perry M. Blankenship. It was used until about 1866, when a larger house was built on the same lot. The present fine brick school building was constructed in 1882, at a cost of about $2,500. I. E. Kerlin was the first Principal. He had two assistants. The township, as a whole, has good schools.
The first sermon in the township was preached in 1822 by Rev. Thomas Thompson, a minister or elder of the Dunkard Church, and one - of the earliest residents of the township. He preached at his own and at his neighbors' cabins quite often, but so far as can be learned no organ- ization was effected.
A Baptist Church was organized on the northern boundary of the township late in the twenties, among the members being Levi Asher, William Manon, Elijah Bowen, John Durham, John Burnam and others. Perhaps a majority of the members lived in Ashland Township or in Owen County. It was called the Samaria Baptist Church.
A Lutheran Church was organized in Ray Township in the forties, Lewis Tucker, Henry Miller, Ambrose Seachrist and others belonging.
A Christian Church was organized west of Paragon in the forties, and for many years used a frame dwelling that had been vacated for a church. The class built a church in 1859. Perry M. Blankenship was one of the leading members. The Methodists have a class at Paragon of a later . origin.
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HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY.
ADAMS TOWNSHIP.
NATURAL RESOURCES.
T HE northwestern part of the county was not settled as early as other portions, for the reason that it contained no navigable streams, or was remote from White River, then the great commercial highway. In ancient times civilization sought the sea. Almost all of the ancient cities of great commercial importance were on some body of water. This was due to the fact that water was the chief highway. But when steam was harnessed and driven at an amazing rate of speed to the heart of the con- tinent, inland towns of great power sprang up, and many on the larger water-courses died, yielding their seeds of life to the new.
The general settlement of Adams Township did not take place until the thirties, at which time the greater portion of the land was purchased by actual residents. The tardiness of settlement was not the result of the poverty of the soil, as the greater portion is rich bottom land, well watered by Mill Creek on the west and its tributaries. There is a low, wet tract of country extending across the township from east to west, usually known as the Lake, which, when fully drained and reclaimed, will be the most valuable land in the township. The northwestern part. is drained by Mud Creek, which finds its outlet in Mill Creek.
For several years before any permanent settlers lived in the township, the woods were thoroughly hunted over by ambitious Nimrods from the older localities along White River and White Lick Creek. The game in the vicinity of the river had become scarce, but out northwest in the forests of Adams, bears and an abundance of less dangerous wild animals could be found. Benjamin Cuthbert, who lived in Brown Township, was a professional hunter, and only a few of the early settlers could excel him with the rifle. He killed hundreds of deer annually (in the thirties, largely in Adams Township), and made his living wholly from the sale of their skins, at from 75 cents to $1.50 each, and the sale of their "sad- dles." Many an old settler living in the northern part of the county remembers eating venison of his killing. It is said that he killed two bears in Adams Township in the woods on Mud Creek at a very early. day. He shot the mother bear, and then was obliged to use his knife on the cub. He was an experienced deer hunter, and knew enough to keep away from a wounded buck or doe. The wolves were very troublesome in the township at the time of the first settlement. The Staleys had stock killed by them, and no doubt others were served in a similar man- ner, as wolves are no respecters of persons.
THE EARLY SETTLEMENT.
The name of the first settler is not known. It is likely that the Sta- leys, who came in about the year 1825 or 1826, were the first. Several families of Treats came in about 1828 or 1829. Thomas Shoemaker was
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ADAMS TOWNSHIP.
one of the first, if not himself the first. He came to the township in 1826, and entered considerable land, and soon built up a comfortable home. Other early residents of the township were James Pruitt, John Johnson, B. Pruitt, Terrell Brewer, William Brewer, George Seaton, Richard Osborn, Nathaniel Wheeler (who entered nearly 300 acres), John Linn, Allen Wheeler, Amaziah McLain, Thomas Barker, George Elliott, Thomas Stringer, Garland Gentry, Thomas McCarty, John Tomlinson, Daniel Elliott, Eli Pruitt, Richard Wiley, George Erlinger, Thomas Hulse, James Broadstreet, Benjamin Freeland, M. A. Miller, Nathan Wheeler, John, James, William, Richard and Stephen Treat (who came in the twenties), David A. Curtis, Jonathan McCullom, Philip A. Fox- worthy, Jeremiah Matthews, Jesse Pritchett, Larkin Parish, John Rat- liff, Allen Taylor, James Dorsett, Robert Walters, Miller Howell, John Bowman, Gideon Brasier, Logan Gray, John Craven, George Moore, G. W. Bowman, John L. Ashbaugh, John and James Taylor, William Edwards, William and Edward Bowman, Israel Lewis, Robert Walter, Hiram Brasier, Isaac Brasier, Andrew Thompson, Solomon Watson, i James Ogles, Joseph, William and Robert Walters, Joseph Donaldson, William Wigal, John Burnan, George Shape, Silas Nichols, A. D. Blunk, John Reeves and others. All of the above men, however, did not reside in Adams. Some were speculators, and some were residents of neighbor- ing townships.
The poll tax payers in 1842 were as follows : William Allen, William Alexander, Benjamin Alexander, William Aldred, A. J. Bowman, John Bennett, Peter Bryant, Simon Bundy, Hardin Bundy, Alfred Bundy, Ter- rell Brewer, David D. Blunk, Amos D. Blunk, William Brewer, Samuel Beadle, C. B. Bowman, J. M. Bryant, W. T. Boyd, William and Reu- ben Bryan, N. B. Chambers, William Clark, Ignatius Clark, David A. Curtis, Alfred Delavan, S. A. Duncan, W. S. Drake, John Dunham, High Dobbs, Abijah Dorsett, James Dorsett, Duty Dorsett, Charles Duncan, Joseph Donaldson, William Estes, Frank Elliott, Peter Elmore, S. M. D. Elmore, Jared Elsey, A. J. Franklin, W. A. Franklin, Josiah Graves, Aaron Goodwin, Francis Gibbons, Samuel Goodwin, Thomas L. Gray, Stephen Grimes, Garland Gentry, William Gumm, George Guy, Daniel Goodwin, Asa Hadley, J. T. Hall, George Horner, Jolinson Hutchinson, Edward Jackson, John Johnson, M. B. Johnson, B. S. John- son, Hezekiah Johnson, Moses Kenney, Nathaniel Ludlow, John M. Ludlow, Job Lewis, John Moser, William Moser, Bryce Miller, M. D. Miller, Jonathan McCollum, Edward Miller, John McGinnis, William Norton, W. A. Nunn, Andrew Ogle, Zachariah Ogle, Richard Osborn, Benoni Peterson, Bright Pruitt, Lorenzo Padget, John Pritchett, Paul Peters, Andrew Pottorff, Larkin Parish, W. H. Parker, Eli Pruitt, Jr., John Reeves, James Ruston, John R. Robards, Samuel Rowland, John Ratliff, J. G. Russell, Peter Staley, Thomas Shoemaker, James Snoddy, Jacob Stitts, Reuben Stringer, William Staley, John Staley, Eli Staley, James Stringer, Sampson Staley, Jacob Shake, Joseph Smith, A. S. Smith, Aaron Smith, Jacob Surber, David Shields, Joseph Snodgrass, James Sallust, Abraham Turner, Richard Treat, William Trammell, J. W. Treat, W. W. Treat, Nathan Wood, Nathaniel Wheeler, L. P. Whit- taker, Elisha Wood, Gideon Wright, Isaac Wilcox, Payton Wheeler, Eli-
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HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY.
jah Wallace, Thomas Wheeler, Enoch Wallace, Edmond Worley, Allen Wheeler, Richard Walters, William Wigal. Several of the above men never lived in the township. They were non-residents.
SCHOOLS.
The early schools were taught first in private dwellings. The early teachers were residents who possessed some little education, enough to furnish rudimentary instruction in reading, writing and arithmetic, and to furnish correction with hickory gads. These old instruments of pun- ishment were always present, and usually hung on wooden hooks over the old fire-place, so that they became so hardened by seasoning from the heat that they resisted the severest exercise of the teacher in an applica- tion on some offending pupil, and even cut the wooden benches as the teacher in his fervor pursued, round and round, the howling culprit. The big whip was indispensable. A " master " who could successfully teach a term of school without using a whip, or could get along perhaps without any such corrective, was a rare object, and when one was found he was looked upon with suspicion, so prevalent was the belief in the efficacy of the rod. The old settlers were firm believers in the oracle of Solomon, " spare the rod and spoil the child," and as they did not care to have their offspring spoiled, they usually employed an Irishman who possessed both the energy and temper to apply the rod to the unlimited satisfaction of parents anxious that their children " should be trained up in the way they should go." It is worthy of note that the earliest professional teach- ers throughout the West were Irishmen. They were about the only class that appeared to find satisfactory emoluments in continuous teaching. Coming themselves from an humble stock, and trained in the rough school of poverty, they seemed to enjoy the rude fare always obtained by "boarding around," and seemed contented with the meager amounts doled stingily out by parents of the backwoods. It is stated that the first school held in the township was near Eminence, in about the year 1835. A rude log cabin that had been occupied a short time by some early fam- ily and had then been vacated, was fitted up, and a school was taught by some stranger, probably an Irishman, who came along. A school was taught soon afterward in the northern part of the township, the Wheelers being the principal patrons. It is said that one of them was the teacher. This school was taught about the year 1836. Another was taught east of it within a year or two afterward. In 1840, there were four estab- lished schools, two in the northern part, one near the center, and one near Eminence, or near what afterward became Eminence. The real develop- ment of the school system of the township began with the passage of the common school law of 1852. Frame houses were built, and public funds provided better wages for teachers, and thus secured better instructors. Now there are eight or nine schools in the township, and the value of the school property is about $5,500.
CHURCHES.
It is likely that the Baptists at Eminence had the first permanent religious organization in the township. The class was established about the year 1837 or 1838, at the house of Thomas Shoemaker, or as others
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ADAMS TOWNSHIP.
state, at that of Joseph Donaldson. These men and their families were prominent members, and at the organization of the class were about the only ones. Joseph Applegate was an early member. Mr. Shoemaker donated a small tract of ground for a church and cemetery in 1841. This church became widely known, and was called Mount Eden. It had a large membership during the forties, and did great good throughout all that portion of the county. It is yet in a prosperous condition at Emi- nence. The Methodists organized a class west of Mill Creek about 1840, which met for worship at the house of William Brick. This is not now in Morgan County, but it was then. Among the members were the fam- ilies of John Clark, Logan Gray, A. J. Bowman, Josiah Graves, Thomas Champion, J. P. Goodwin, Norman Nunn and others. Rev. Isaac Craw- ford was the pastor of the class early in the forties. The class often met at the residence of John Clark. Another early class was the Lake Valley Methodist Church. It was organized in the forties, among the early members being the families of William Wilhite, Hezekiah Johnson, Cole- man Brown, James Pruitt, James McClellan. In 1852, the pastor was Rev. H. S. Talbot. This class is yet in existence. The Oak Grove Christian Church, in the northern part, was organized in the forties, some of the early members being A. M. Delaven, Richard Treat, Bright Pruitt, John Boyd and others. This class is in a flourishing condition at present. Other religious organizations have existed in the township.
EMINENCE.
This is a thriving village of about 350 people. It was laid out in July, 1855, on Section 33, Township 13 north, Range 2 west, by Will- iam Wigal, proprietor. Twenty lots were laid out at that time, to which no further addition was made until 1865, when Jacob Surber increased the town proper by a number of lots. The early owners of lots were Abe Hadden, J. S. Holmes, Daniel N. Holmes, Elison Sliger, E. W. Spencer, G. L. Wigal, T. A. Adkins, H. R. Flook, Miller Howell, Solomon Wat- son. In 1862, George Kirkham, J. M. Reed, Louisa Twiss, McDonald Walters, bought lots. Later came C. C. Buchanan, Frank Mathis, J. E. Patrick, Isom Ward, Matt Watson, A. C. Modell, J. F. Myrick, John F. Ray, J. C. Rhea, B. F. Card, J. W. Alexander, C. E. Nichols, Pre- cilla Bowman, Card & Brewer, Andrew Gum, W. H. Greenway, J. H. Hulse, John Hulse, J. G. Hamilton, John Hancock and many others after 1867.
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