USA > Indiana > Brown County > Counties of Morgan, Monroe, and Brown, Indiana. Historical and biographical > Part 92
USA > Indiana > Monroe County > Counties of Morgan, Monroe, and Brown, Indiana. Historical and biographical > Part 92
USA > Indiana > Morgan County > Counties of Morgan, Monroe, and Brown, Indiana. Historical and biographical > Part 92
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The regiment occupied Matamoras, Marine. Saltillo, Nueva and various other points, doing guard or garrison duty and suffering severely from the peculiar Southern diseases. At last the regiment moved back from Saltillo, and was unaware of the presence of an enemy until the long-roll called to arms on the field of Buena Vista. Gen. Taylor hastily formed his line of battle across Buena Vista Pass, and with about 5,000 troops waited the approach from the southwest of Gen. Santa Anna with 20,000 Mexi- cans. Capt. Taggart had regained his health at home and had joined his company on the 21st of February, 1847, the day before the battle of Buena Vista. At last the enemy could be seen moving up the Pass, and soon his swarming legions were in full view and within three miles. The Third Indiana was posted on a round hill on the right side of the Pass, to support Washington's battery. The Mexicans first undertook to force the Pass in solid column, but they met such a storm of shot and shell from the battery that they were forced back in full retreat. Then it was that the Mexican commander flanked to the right and fell upon Taylor's left, forcing the Second Indiana and other troops back and gaining the rear of the American army. The Third was ordered from its position and thrown out to check the retreat, and was soon where bullets were as thick as hailstones in the air. Here the Brown County boys received their first baptism of blood and fire. The first one hurt was Elias Weddel, who was shot through the hips, and was carried from the field. Squire Stewart was prostrated by concussion from a howitzer ball. Matthew Mathews, was shot through the hand, for which he draws a pension. The fight was sharp and hot and continued until night. Just at the close of the battle, at almost the last fire from the enemy, while Company E was being thrown back, Capt. Taggart received a mortal wound from a carbine ball, which entered just over his left kidney and came out near the center of his right breast. He pitched forward on his hands and knees, exclaim- ing "I'm a dead man," and immediately fell over on his side. Stephen Kennedy, the only one of his company at that moment near him, car-
705
HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY.
ried him into one of the many deep ravines within a few feet of where he had fallen. The firing was yet brisk over the ground there, but Ken- nedy remained to hear the last words of the dying man. He said sub- stantially, " Tell my folks to meet me in the good world. Be a good soldier, Kennedy. Go on to your company." He then became uncon- scious, and Kennedy hurriedly left the spot amid the last shower of car- bine bullets from the enemy. Capt. Taggart lies buried on the battle- field where he heroically died a soldier's death. No other casualties oc- curred, and Company E, commanded by Capt. T. M. Adams, saw no more fighting. Many more of the boys died from disease before their return. After occupying various positions, the regiment started north on the 24th of May, 1847. The Brown County boys reached home early in July, and were given a warm welcome by their relatives and friends.
The boys who went to Mexico must not be forgotten under the shadow of the last great war. It was no holiday undertaking to go from the com- paratively cold climate of the Northern States to the hot and peculiar climate of Mexico. The appalling sacrifice of life from disease abun- dantly attests the peril which the men were required to undergo. Many were left in lonely, deserted and forgotten graves, in that distant land, and the rugged cactus comes and kisses with its crimson blossoms the silent mounds where they sleep. The rich flowers of the stately mag- nolia shed their fragrant perfume around ; the long festoons of silvery moss hang weeping above the grassy graves; the sighing wind and the tear-drops of rain come to mourn for the departed, and over all the strange, bright birds of tropical woods chant the sad requiem of death. The boys are gone, but their names are living jewels in the bright casket of memory.
THE POLITICAL FEELING IN 1860-61.
The political campaign of 1860 had been very warm in Brown County. Every township had had its company or companies of Wide- Awakes, and scarcely a night had passed without public speaking and noisy and enthusiastic demonstration. The clubs of Democracy had uni- formed themselves with hickory suits, erected poles and flung the names of Douglas and Johnson or Breckinridge and Lane to the breeze. Torch- light processions and vociferous cheering had nightly disturbed the drowsy air. The few Republican clubs were jubilant and confident. Their emblems of the campaign were rails or mauls and wedges, and they were called Wide-Awakes. The songs of the two parties are yet fresh in the memory :
"Oh see the Douglas platform falling, Falling, falling, down it must go, And in its place shall firmly stand Abe Lincoln the true and Hamlin too, Abe Lincoln the true and Hamlin too, And with them we'll beat Little Dug, Dug. Dug, Old Abe has cracked his mug."
Or the following lament of Lincoln sung by the Democrats to the air of "Susannah."
706
HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY.
" Oh, Hamlin, dear, my "fairest"* one, Oh don't you cry for me ; I fear that house in Washington I'll never, never see.
I love the Black Republicans, And for the darkies sigh ; But all, I fear, will do no good, But Hamlin don't you cry. CHORUS .- Oh, my dear Hannibal, Don't you cry for me, I'm going up Salt River With a darkey on each knee."
Or the following :
" No, Lincoln can't come in, I say, Then ho, for Douglas, ho ! The Democrats have Stephen A., Then ho, for Douglas, ho ! Republicans may bite their nails, May rave about their Lincoln rails,
But can't come up to Steve's coat tails, Then ho, for Douglas, ho!"
When the returns were all in and the name of Lincoln was on every tongue, and the Southern States, one after another, began to enact ordi- nances of secession, all wiser heads saw that the conflict had come. The slavery question must be settled either to the satisfaction of the North or the South. No evasion would answer. Many citizens throughout the county, some of them Abolitionists, believed that the Southern States had a right to peaceably secede from the Union. It was a period of political chaos. Men did not fully know their own minds. A revolution in thought on the subject of State rights, secession, slavery, etc., was ensuing, and the public mind was buffeted around by every breeze of sentiment, or fancy, or even folly. Here and there arose some intellect head and shoul- ders above its fellows and looked down with the impartial eye of a true philosopher upon the real and ominous state of the country. To such men the hearts of all turned anxiously for relief. When Mr. Lincoln took the reins of government, speedy relief from public gloom and embarrass- ment was expected; but as time slipped away, and effective action was masked by broad generalizations and the course of the administration was clouded with apparent doubt and hesitancy, many of the best Union men lost heart. The friends of disunion looked upon the hesitancy as a prac- tical acknowledgment that the Government could see no way under the Constitution to a settlement of existing differences. But when the blow at last fell upon Fort Sumter, and all pacific overtures from the administra- tion, even to an avowal that no established institution of the South should be interfered with, were haughtily rejected, the mask of peace was thrown aside, and the call to arms sent a thrill of joy and hope to thousands of loyal hearts. In view of the darkness which enveloped the country at subsequent stages of the war, when it seemed certain that masses in the North would compel a cessation of hostilities and permit the Southern States to go out of the Union, the transcendent wisdom of Mr. Lincoln in throwing upon the South the responsibility of commencing the rebellion, even in the face of the most abundant promises, undoubtedly saved the country from hopeless disruption.
*Hannibal Hamlin was so dark complexioned and such a warm friend of the colored man, that it gave rise to the report among his political enemies that he was a mulatto. Albert D. Richardson, the famous war correspondent of the New York Tribune, said this was actually believed by many in the Sonth.
707
HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY.
THE FALL OF FORT SUMTER.
The news of the surrender of Fort Sumter, in April, 1861. caused great excitement in Brown County. Instead of subsiding, it continued to rise higher, until at last a public meeting of the citizens was called, to be held at the court house, to take action regarding the state of the country. Several hundred persons appeared and filled the room to over- flowing. Mr. Culley was made chairman, and briefly stated the object of the meeting. Judge Hester was called out. He said that while he found fault with many acts and omissions of the administration, it was the duty of the citizens to help quell the rebellion. W. W. Browning, T. D. Calvin, Lewis Prosser and others spoke in favor of raising men to end the rebellion. Some of the speakers did not believe that the admin- istration had the right to coerce the seceding States, and so publicly stated with considerable warmth; but the general sentiment of the meet- ing, as shown by the series of seven resolutions adopted, was for the enlistment of volunteers to sustain the administration in all constitu- tional acts to preserve the Union and enforce the laws. The meeting adjourned without taking any steps to raise volunteers, but within a few days a roll for a company was circulated, and very soon the limit of men was secured. When this was accomplished, the company was called together to elect officers. James S. Hester was chosen Captain; W. W. Browning, First Lieutenant; W. A. Adams, Second Lieutenant. This organization and election took place in the court house, not far from the 25th of April, 1861. The services of the company were immediately tendered Gov. Morton, but so prompt had been the Hoosier State to respond to the call of the President, that it was found impossible to get into the three months' service, and word was sent back by the Governor that the company was not then wanted, and that it should maintain its organization and continue drilling. This somewhat discouraged the boys and the company was almost disbanded. In July, additional calls were made for men, and the company was revived in hope of getting into the service. The officers previously elected resigned, to give the members of the company the privilege of either re-electing the old officers, or select- ing new ones; but the result was the reinstatement of all the former officers. Early in July, word was received that the company was accepted, and immediate preparations were made to move to Madison to join the Twenty-second Regiment, which was being rendezvoused there. A splendid dinner was given the company by the citizens on the day of their depart- ure for camp. Tables were spread in the court room, where the meal was eaten, and where speeches were made by Hester, Browning and others. The company was presented a beautiful banner. Wagons conveyed the boys to Columbus, thence the cars to Madison, where they became Com- pany C, of the Twenty-second Regiment, three years' service. Here, and at Indianapolis, the company and its regiment were subjected to constant drill and discipline to fit them for the field, until the 15th of August, when the entire regiment was mustered in, and on the 17th of August was transferred to St. Louis, Mo., and there assigned to the army of Gen. Fremont. Its first service was as a relief up the Missouri River to Gen. Mulligan, at Lexington. From that on during the term of service the regiment participated in the following skirmishes and engagements : The
708
HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY.
capture of about 1,300 prisoners at Blackwater ; Pea Ridge, losing nine killed and thirty-two wonnded; pursuit of the enemy after the evacua- tion of Corinth ; pursuit of Bragg's army in Kentucky ; battle of Perry- ville, losing in killed and wounded 50 per cent of the men engaged, fifty-six being killed in battle; skirmished at Lancaster, and pursued to Crab Orchard; skirmished at Nolensville, losing four wounded: battle of Stone River, losing twelve killed, thirty-six wounded and thirty missing; skirmished at Liberty Gap; charge at Mission Ridge; Tunnel Hill; Rocky Face Ridge; Resaca; Rome; Dallas; Big Shanty ; in front of Kenesaw Mountain; Chattahoochie River; Peach Tree Creek; battles before Atlanta; Red Oak Station; Jonesboro; Siege of Savannah ; Averysboro; Bentonville; and was mustered out early in June 1865, at Washington, D. C. The officers of Company C during the war were as follows: Captains-James S. Hester, W. H. Taggart, W. H. Fesler. First Lieutenants-W. W. Browning, W. A. Adams, V. P. Mason, W. H. Fesler, T. A. Pearce. Second Lieutenants-W. A. Adams, V. P. Mason, S. A. Kennedy, W. M. Gould.
ADDITIONAL VOLUNTEERS.
In August and September, 1861, a company was started in Monroe County and the enlistment of men was carried over to Brown County in the vicinity of Elkinsville, where one or two rousing war meetings were held. and sixteen or eighteen volunteers were secured. These men went to Bloomington, and formed a part of the company commanded by Capt. H. L. McCalla. The boys were mustered into the Thirty-first Regiment, Company G, on the 20th of September. at Terre Haute. They saw serv- ice as follows : Fort Donelson, where the regiment lost 12 killed, 52 wounded and 4 missing; Shiloh, the regiment losing 22 killed, 110 wounded and 10 missing ; siege of Corinth ; Stone River, losing 5 killed and 46 wounded; Chickamauga, losing 4 killed and 66 wounded ; in nearly all the skirmishes and battles of the Atlanta campaign ; battle of Nashville; in Texas, saw service with the Army of Occupation ; reached home in 1866. So anxious were many of the boys in the county to get into the service, that they left the county without getting proper credit. They entered the various companies organized at Bloomington, Columbus, Morgantown, Indianapolis and elsewhere. This was due to the fact that the county was too small to complete many full companies wholly within its own borders, and hence the men, to get into the service at all, were forced to join other companies raised outside of the county. In this way the county was cheated out of many officers, as a few men could not have sufficient influence in such companies to receive the commissions which were so eagerly sought during the war, especially at its early stages. It is safe to say that Brown County furnished over 200 men during the year 1861.
ENLISTMENT IN 1862.
A few men left the county during the spring of 1862, going chiefly into old regiments that were then in the field. On the 2d of July. 1862, came the call for 300,000 men, and on the 4th of August came the call for 300,000 more. Immediate preparations were made to clear the county quota. The militia companies which had been organized in the county
709
HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY.
were used as nuclei for the formation of two full companies. War meet- ing were held in all portions of the county. Among those actively en- gaged in raising the volunteers were W. W. Browning, D. B. Adams, John Calvin, J. K. MeIlhenny, J. M. Metheney, Jackson Woods, D. S. Story, Joseph Fraker, T. J. Metheney, G. S. Bradley, W. W. Hays and others. Under the two calls for troops, two full companies were raised for the Eighty-second Regiment, one becoming Company D, and the other Company H. The officers of Company D were: W. W. Browning, Captain ; D. B. Adams, First Lieutenant ; John Calvin, Second Lieu- tenant. The officers of Company H were: John M. Metheney, Captain ; Jackson Woods, First Lieutenant ; David S. Story, Second Lieutenant. The companies were mustered in at Madison, on the 30th of August. The Eighty-second Regiment saw service as follows: Stone River; Hoover's Gap ; Chickamauga, losing 21 killed, 72 wounded and 29 miss- ing ; skirmished at Chattanooga and Brown's Ferry ; charge on Mission Ridge, losing 26 men killed and wounded; Buzzard's Roost, losing 25 killed and wounded; Resaca, losing 25 killed and wounded ; Dallas ; Kingston ; Kenesaw Mountain, and many others ; Peach Tree Creek ; in front of Atlanta ; skirmish of August 7, 1864, losing 26 men killed and wounded out of 105 men engaged; Sherman's march to the sea ; Ben- tonville ; was mustered out at Washington, D. C., June 9, 1865; reached Indianapolis June 15.
THE DRAFT OF OCTOBER, 1862.
Brown County enjoys the distinction of having been one of only fifteen counties in the State to clear themselves of this draft. The draft took place in both Morgan and Monroe, but the county of Brown, which was declared, by outside parties, to have been so disloyal, furnished more than the number of men required. By the 19th of September, 1862, she had furnished a total of 502 volunteers, out of an enrolled militia of 856, which included 163 exempts. At this time the county had 486 volunteers in the service. This was an excellent showing for the little county. It is safe to say that by the 1st of January, 1863, the county had furnished a total of 525 volunteers.
THE COUNTY IN 1863.
It was during this year that, like all other counties of the State, dis- loyal organizations were formed in Brown County. There was not a county in the State that did not have bitter disloyalty displayed within its limits during 1863, and Brown County was no exception to the rule. But that does not detract from what the county actually did to carry on the war. It is well to bear lightly on mistakes and errors. At a mass meeting in Nashville in January, 1863, it was resolved that "Our interests and inclinations will demand of us a withdrawal from the polit- ical association in a common government with the New England States," and " We demand an immediate armistice preparatory to a compromise of existing difficulties," and "general amnesty for political offenses." About the last of March, 1863, at a large mass meeting at Nashville, the following resolution, among others, was passed :
Resolved, That we trace to political priests, who have abandoned their high calling to intrude their visionary and impracticable schemes upon civil government, where his-
710
HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY.
tory shows they are, of all others, the least qualified to advise or act, and the most un- scrupulous and intolerant in carrying out their wild projects, a very large share of the terrible responsibilities of the war, its pillage and carnage, its houses of mourning, its widows and orphans, its all-pervading social, moral and political demoralization. If Solomon was right when he said that " when the righteous are in authority the people rejoice, but when the wicked beareth rule the people mourn," they must be well-nigh God-forsaken, for no one now rejoices in this nation, but thieving army contractors and abolitionists. We, therefore, exhort our conservative brethren to discountenance these clerical incendiaries by abandoning their congregations and " stopping their feed."
At another meeting in August, it was resolved that "the present fratricidal and desolating war was unnecessarily forced upon the country by wicked, fanatical politicians, North and South," and " we are opposed to furnishing men or money to prosecute a war to free negroes," and " we are in favor of immediate armistice and a national convention to restore peace and union under the Constitution." This will show about the course taken by the disloyal element of the county. It was during this year that the "Brown County War " occurred. The facts are sub- stantially as follows : A war meeting was held in the northern part of the county, and Lewis Prosser and a companion, who had been hunting squirrels in the woods, attended with their guns on their shoulders. There was present a detachment of soldiers that had been sent to the county from Indianapolis to arrest one or more deserters who were said to have secured a hiding-place in Brown County. Prosser, who was a prominent man, and against whom the charge of disloyalty had been made, was invited to speak, but refused, as he had made no preparation, and did not care to speak then anyway. He was rather outspoken against the war, and soon had a small crowd around him. A soldier present named Daniels, who, it is said, had been drinking, hearing some remark from Prosser he did not fancy, stepped up to him, and with the statement that he had no right to be carrying a gun there, twisted the weapon from his hands. Prosser instantly drew a revolver and shot the soldier dead, and turned to leave the ground, but as he did so was shot by one of the by- standers in the leg and brought to the ground. Two or three other shots were fired, but no damage was done. Prosser afterward died from the effects of his wound.
Under the call of October, 1863, for 300,000 men, Brown County furnished half a company. The men (thirty-five) were recruited almost wholly by Lieut. Timothy D. Calvin in Nashville and vicinity. They became part of Company I, of the One Hundred and Twentieth Regiment, three years' service. The remainder of the company was raised at Bed- ford. William J. Cook, of Bedford, became Captain of the company, and T. D. Calvin, of Nashville, First Lieutenant. The regiment saw service as follows: Mustered in March, 1864; fought at Resaca; assaulted Kenesaw Mountain ; fought at Atlanta; Jonesboro; skirmished two days near Columbia, Tenn .; battle of Franklin, losing forty-eight men, killed and wounded, included Maj. Brasher; battle of Nashville, Wise's Forks, Va., losing seven killed and forty-eight wounded ; mus- tered out in 1866. During the year the county furnished not less than seventy-five men, about half of whom went as recruits to the older regiments.
THE COUNTY IN 1864.
No attempt was made during the year to organize a company wholly in the county. The men recruited and drafted were sent to the older com-
711
HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY.
panies. The following table fully exhibits what the county did during the entire year, except January, possibly :
TOWNSHIPS.
Quota under call of
February 1, 1864.
Quota under call of
March 14, 1884.
Quota under call of
July 18, 1864.
First Enrollment.
Total of Quotas and
Deficiencies.
New Recruits.
Veterans.
Credits by Draft.
Total Credits by En-
One Year.
Three Years.
Deficiency.
Surplus.
Washington .....
32
13
30
181
75
55
25
...
80 46
...
80
5
Hamblen.
33
13
28
171
74
44
1
1
21
25
28
Jackson ...
28
11
24
145
63
29
37
66
45
21
3
Van Buren
29
12
28
165
69
44
1
29
74
42
32
5
Johnson ..
10
4
9
56
23
11
6
1
18
3
15
5
Totals
132
53
119
718
304
183
33
68
284
111
173
33
13
Under the last call of the war (December 19, 1864), one full company was raised in the county. The men were recruited mainly in January and February, 1865, and became Company K, of the One Hundred and Forty-fifth Regiment, one year's service. The officers were Volney P. Mason, Captain ; John C. Hester, First Lieutenant ; Franklin P. Tag- gart, Second Lieutenant. The Colonel of the regiment was W. A. Adams, of Brown County. The regiment was mustered in at Indianap- olis on the 16th of February, 1865. It moved to Nashville, Tenn., thence reported to Gen. Steadman, at Chattanooga. On the 23d of Feb- ruary, it was placed on guard duty at Dalton. Ga., and was afterward moved to Marietta, where it remained until the fall of 1865, when it marched to Cuthbert, where it remained until it was mustered out in January, 1866. The following table shows the condition of the county under the last call of the war (December 19, 1864) :
TOWNSHIPS.
Quota under call of Decem- ber 19, 1864.
Second Enrollment.
ciencies.
New Recruits.
Credits by Draft.
Total Credits by Enlistment
and Draft.
One Year.
Surplus.
Washington
10
145
10
14
14
14
4
Hamblen
43
80
43
12
31
43
43
Jackson.
32
88
32
25
9
34
34
2
Van Buren
31
111
31
31
31
31
Johnson
13
51
13
5
8
13
13
Totals
129
475
129
87
48
135
135
6
THE DRAFTS OF 1864 AND 1865.
Two drafts occurred in the county at the close of the war-one in Octo- ber, 1864, and the other in February, 1865. The number drafted cannot be given, but the above tables give the number of draft credits. The Board
Credits by Voluntary Enlistments.
listment and Draft
. .... ...
......
Total of Quotas and Defi-
..
712
HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY
of Enrollment of the Third District was as follows : Simeon Stansifer, Provost Marshal from March, 1863, to March. 1865; James B. Mulkey, Provost Marshal from March, 1865, to October, 1865; John R. B. Glasscock, Commissioner ; Albert G. Collier, Surgeon. Assistant Mar- shals were appointed in Brown County. The drafts were not seriously interfered with.
RELIEF, BOUNTY, ETC.
In August, 1861, in response to a petition from the citizens, the County Board "Ordered, That there be allowed the sum of $100 for the support of the families of those who have enlisted in the army of the United States in the present war." Michael Tomy, M. H. Parmelee, T. D. Calvin, E. T. Moore and T. L. Lucas were appointed a committee to ex- pend the amount. In September, an additional $100 was appropriated for the same purpose. In September, 1862, $500 was appropriated for soldiers' families. The following were the township committees to expend the fund : Hamblen Township-Jonathan Watson. Conrad Kirby, W. P. Taggart. Jackson-J. Fleener, John Snyder, A. S. Anderson. Wash- ington-Daniel Crouch, S. G. Pettigrew, G. L. Boruff. Johnson-G. W. Ard, W. H. Arwine, Asa Reaves. Van Buren-J. A. Mckinney, G. P. Story, E. T. Moore. In December, 1863, a petition signed by 177 citizens was presented the County Board, asking that a bounty of $100 might be offered from the county treasury for each volunteer who should enlist before the 5th of January, 1864. The County Board re- fused as follows : "That they had no right by law to grant any such bounty as asked for by the petitioners, and although as private citizens they might entertain different opinions in regard to granting a bounty as asked for, still as Commissioners of said county they could not grant the bounty, from the fact, among others, that the petition embraced only a small minority of the tax payers of said county." In January, 1865, the County Board, with this order on the records staring them in the face, ordered sold county bonds to the amount of $27,000, to be used in securing volunteers at $300 each, to clear the county of the last quota. Sylvanus Manville was appointed to apply the fund, after selling the bonds. By the 8th of March, 1865, he had expended $19,500. It was found that $27,000 was not enough to cover the county quota, which by previous credits had been reduced to 101 men ; so the Auditor was or- dered to issue in all $30,300 of county bonds. The Agent's final report in June, 1865, showed that $26,100 had been paid out. The remainder was claimed afterward and paid by the County Board. The following table for the entire war explains itself :
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