USA > Indiana > Brown County > Counties of Morgan, Monroe, and Brown, Indiana. Historical and biographical > Part 18
USA > Indiana > Monroe County > Counties of Morgan, Monroe, and Brown, Indiana. Historical and biographical > Part 18
USA > Indiana > Morgan County > Counties of Morgan, Monroe, and Brown, Indiana. Historical and biographical > Part 18
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It is said that Joseph W. Ray was the first merchant in Eminence. Others have been McDonald Walters, Howard Hulse, Eli Watson, Emery Nichols, Hulse & Watson, Dossett & Hulse, Enoch Patrick, John Dur- mington, Hiram Staley, John Summers, Jacob Arnold and many others. About six years ago, the town was almost wholly destroyed by fire. The Pierce Brothers built a woolen factory there, several years after the town was started. The enterprise started out well at carding, spinning and weaving, and numerous hands were required to conduct the divers pieces of machinery. After continuing a few years, the enterprise was abandoned. The principal feature of the town in early years, and indeed long before a town was thought of, was the grist mill owned and conducted by William Wigal. The building of the mill soon concentrated other interests there,
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HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY.
which demanded the laying out of a town. The growth, however, was very slow, and did not progress rapidly until after the war, even if it did then. The town has had numerous saw mills, wagon- makers, cabinet- makers and artisans, and mechanics of all other crafts almost. There is not a livelier town of its size in the county. This is accounted for by reason of the location of the village in the center of a rich tract of country, and its distance from railroad towns and the enterprise of the citizens. The present industries may be summed up as follows: General stores, Daniel N. Holmes, C. E. Nichols & Bro., Ray & Watson, Nicholas & Rhea, Parker & Son, Rhea & Ryan ; drugs, J. K. Burges, Joel Parker and Dr. Pottoff; undertakers, Slage & Rhea ; millinery, H. Nicholas, Miller Sisters ; hotel, Gideon Brasier, Mrs. Gum ; saw mill, M. Miller ; grist mill, Summers & Tarleten ; saw mill, Twomey, Pottoff & Co. ; harness, Braisier & Hubbell, C. J. Aren & Son. There are three churches-Methodist, Baptist and Christian.
JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP.
LAMB'S BOTTOM.
O NE of the earliest settlements in Morgan County was in the small, fertile and famous valley in the southern part of Jefferson Town- ship, known by the above name. Here it was that, according to some, the first permanent settlement in the county was made. It should be known that the counties down the river (Owen, Monroe, Greene, etc.) were settled from six to ten years before the county of Morgan. Before the latter had any permanent white settlers, its territory had been fre- quently invaded by prospectors who knew that ere many years, the Gov- ernment would secure the soil and open it to settlement, and by adventur- ous hunters and trappers who penetrated its natural fastnesses in quest of game and a livelihood. The country along the river, especially, was hus often inspected, but of course no permanent settlement could be made, or at least was made, until after the Indian treaty of St. Mary's, Ohio, at which time the fine tract of country called the New Pur- chase, of which the county of Morgan formed a part, was ceeded to the United States. Settlers in the lower and older counties had waited patiently for this event, and the ratification of the treaty was no sooner announced than the adventurous home seekers penetrated the New Pur- chase for permanent settlement. The survey of the land was ordered, undertaken and completed during the years 1819 and 1820, and on the 4th of September the first sale took place at Terre Haute.
Early in the spring of 1819, the exact date not being known, but probably in the month of March or April, three men in one of the lower counties (Jeremiah Lamb, Joseph Munden and Humphrey Harris), loaded with provisions and implements, and armed with rifles and knives, journeyed up White River until the valley above mentioned was reached, when, after examining the country there thoroughly, they concluded to
147
JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP.
make a permanent location, and began immediately to erect a rude log cabin in which to live while they were clearing a few acres for a crop, and until better houses could be reared for the families that were to be brought out in the fall. The temporary cabin was hastily built, and the three men went resolutely to work to clear a few acres for a crop of corn and vegetables. They concluded to farm the first year in common, and after clearing about five acres, they planted the same with corn and gar- den "truck," and two of them went back whence they came and the third remained to care for the crop. The others returned and assisted. The three men "bached" during the summer, often joining their families for provisions and to care for property there. One or more of them was always present at the new home. During the summer, three substantial log cabins were built for the three families, and three small tracts were cleared and larger tracts deadened. In the fall, the families were brought out and domiciled in the cabins. For two or three years, this settlement became well known, and was universally known as "Lamb's Bottom," called thus for Mr. Lamb, the most prominent of the three settlers. The cabins of these men became great resorts for all the hunters, who came up the river during the years 1819 and 1820, and for numerous home seek- ers. Game was very abundant then, and the cabins were always sup- plied with wild turkeys, venison steak and quite probably sometimes with bear steak.
In January, 1820 (or perhaps the following January, 1821), the fam- ily of Mr. Munden had been so closely housed for some time by excessive cold weather that the supply of meat ran short, and one morning when the cold seemed somewhat modified and the approaching day seemed aus- picious, Mr. Munden took his rifle aud went out in quest of game. After three or four hours had elapsed, it suddenly clouded up, and the snow be- gan to fall heavily, and in a comparatively short time lay upon the ground twelve or fifteen inches deep. The snow then ceased to fall, the wind veered round to the northwest and it became intensely cold. To increase the horror of being out, the light snow was raised in clouds by the wind, and scarcely a foot could be seen in advance. The day wore away, but
Mr. Munden did not return. His family became uneasy, but hoped for his appearance before night. Inky darkness settled over the earth, the storm continued with unabated fury, and still the hunter did not return. The night slowly passed, and at daybreak, as Mr. Munden did not appear, his family, with direful forebodings, hurried to the cabins of the neighbors and told them of the ominous condition of affairs. It was in- stantly resolved to go in search of the missing man. The cold was yet bitter, but the wind had died, and the snow lay in huge drifts. Five or six men, including several who had lately come to the neighborhood, ac- cordingly started out in groups of two. After many hours of tiresome walking, two of the men came upon human tracks nearly filled with snow. These were five or six miles from home, and were followed as rapidly as possible. They led in a rambling way toward the settlement, and finally struck the old Indian trace. Here it was found that the man had lain down in the snow to rest. The half concealed tracks were followed, and soon another resting place was found. This was repeated six or seven times, the resting places coming nearer and nearer together, until at last
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HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY.
the dead body of Mr. Munden was found, frozen stiff, and half covered with snow. He was in a half-sitting posture with his gun in his hands, and when overtaken by death was no doubt attempting to raise himself to his feet with the assistance of his rifle, in another effort for his life. Intense was the sorrow of his family when the news became known. The corpse was taken home and buried. The family remained in the settle- ment a year or more and then left, and their subsequent movements are unknown. How long Mr. Lamb and Mr. Harris remained in the settle- ment cannot be learned, but it was not to exceed about three years. What became of them could not be learned. Their farms, which they did not own, were purchased by others, and the names of all except that of Mr. Lamb are well-nigh forgotten.
CONTINUED SETTLEMENT.
Among those who bought land early in the township were James K. Hamilton, John Burnett, Samuel Newell, Hiram Stroud, John Kennedy, Abraham Stroud, Jacob Cutler, John Conner, Fred Fry, Abraham Fry, William McDaniel, Samuel Ashton, Andrew Waymore, Thomas Clark. These men made their purchases prior to 1825, and all located their land in Lamb's Bottom. Later entries were made by Alexander McKinney, Fred- erick Buckhart, and still later by Solomon Watson, J. W. Powers, George Shultz, P. Duckworth, John Hynds, Levi Walters, William Stiles, William Riddle, Isaac Fletcher, Amos and Aaron Stout, William Bragg, George Malf, Andrew Scott, Craven P. Hester, Solomon Teag, James Newton, Emanuel Isenhower, George Elliott, John Burnett, Hiram Mckinney, William Goodwin, John B. Gibson, Jacob Stierwalt, Christopher Shultz, J. M. Worthington, Samuel Fletcher, Henry French, John Taggart, Jo- seph Whitson, James Warren, Robert Burge, Nathan Dow, Joel Beam, John Fowler, John Smith, Thomas Lockhart, Reuben Robertson, Joseph Elder, Martha Townsend, Lawrence Fouts, Ingraham Collins, H. S. Cunningham, William Crone, W. H. Allison. Robert Miller, John Plas- ters, John O'Neil, John A. Worthen, David Lee, William Shearer, Will- iam Watson, Thomas Dixon, Gideon Lewis, Charles B. Butler, John Hudson, Fred Bronjon, David Snodgrass, T. Shipley, Allen Smith, Silas Bartholomew, Joseph Snodgrass, Gideon Farris, Henry Richardson, Gideon Reynold, J. W. Cox, Philip Engle, George Winters, John Nutter, R. D. Worthington, Jonathan Powers and Hiram Collins.
POLL TAX PAYERS OF 1842.
Lewis Asher, William Bragg, James Browning, Robert Bragg, Mil- ton Burpoe, James Ball, Noah Ball, Robert Burge, Walter Best, Joel Beam, Daniel Bailiff, Wesley Ballinger, William Cox, J. W. Cox, Will- iam N. Cunningham, Pleasant Duckworth, Nathan Dow, Thomas Dixon, William Dixon, John Duckworth, Joel Elliott, C. W. Eaton, George Elliott, Thomas Fipps, Henry French, Robert Foster, Joseph Fry, Sam- uel Fletcher, Jesse Griffith, D. C. Gladson, Lawson Grunt, David Grunt, Henderson Hutton, George Hensley, Thomas Hines, John Hynds, Thomas Hynds, Emanuel Isenhower, James Kirby, L. C. Kennedy, William Kirk, Amos Kirby, Gideon Lewis, Robert Miller, George Miller, James McKinney, Peter Miller, John Miller. Henry Miller, - Marsh,
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JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP.
William Preston, John O'Neal, Jesse Overton, Robert Pattison, William Payton, Henry Richardson, Felix Rinehart, Edward Shipley, Jesse Stanton, Talbot Shipley, George Shultz, David Smith, Allen Skelton, Amos Stout, Jacob Stierwalt, William Stiles, John Stout, William Stout, John Taggart, William Teag, John Wallace, David Woods, William Widner, James Warman, Ira Worthen, John Woods, George Winter and Richard Weathers.
RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS.
The first church organized in the township was the Mt. Gilead Bap- tist society, founded soon after 1840. The leading members in early years were Luke C. Kennedy, Harvey Sheppard, A. J. Duncan, Alex- ander Knox, W. C. Townsend and others. After a few years a church was built. The class is yet in existence. Late in the forties, the Chris- tian Church in Lamb's Bottom was organized, the leading members be- ing Thomas Wilson, James Farr, Alexander Wilson, Hezekiah Guy and Ephraim Hodges. The Mt. Olive Methodist class was organized later, as was also the Presbyterian. The meeting house at Crone's has been well attended at times. The township is well supplied with facilities for worship.
THE SCHOOLS.
The first schools were taught in Lamb's Bottom. Several had been started there before any other portion of the township was thus represent- ed. A log cabin about a mile and a half southwest of Hyndsdale was transformed into a temple of learning about the year 1834, and a session was taught therein by some man whose name is no longer remembered. Another school was started southwest of that point, near the township line, about the same time. It has been stated that school was taught in the twenties in the vicinity of Hyndsdale, but if so the facts could not be ascertained. During the forties, several schools were established in the central and northern parts of the township. In almost every case, log cabins, with huge fire-places, stick and clay chimneys, rude clapboard seats and desks, were the first schoolhouses. The books were extremely limited, and early teachers were obliged to resort to slates and blackboards of the rudest description in order that the scholars might have the re- quired advantages. Sometimes one book served a whole class, being passed along as it was needed. In 1850, there were six established schools. Now there are eight.
1
HYNDSDALE.
This little village was founded soon after the railroad was put in run- ning order. It has usually had a store of general merchandise, a post office and a blacksmith shop. Considerable timber is shipped during the season. The Stouts have been in business there. The village is conven- ient for the neighborhood.
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HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY.
ASHLAND TOWNSHIP.
FORMATION AND BOUNDARY.
T THIS township, as it now is, was formed out of Ray Township soon after the close of the rebellion. Some portions are hilly, with a predominating clay soil, especially on the ridge; but, on the whole, the township is well suited for agriculture. Enormous crops of all the cereals are grown annually on the lower lands, which are as rich and fertile as any in the Mississippi Valley. The township is made up of Sections 7, 8, 17, 18, 19, 20, 29 and 30 in Township 12 north, Range 1 west, and all of Township 12 north, Range 2 west, except Sections 19, 20, 21. 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, the last three being in Ray Township and the others in Owen County.
THE EARLY SETTLEMENT.
No doubt Joseph Rhodes was the first settler of the township. He located on the creek which bears his name in 1822. and built a rude log cabin. He had no personal property worth mentioning, but went reso- lutely to work to prepare a more comfortable home. George Nicholas appeared soon afterward, locating on the same section (16). John Man- non also bought land in 1822 on Section 17. Benjamin Dunkin came in 1825 and located on Section 17. Aaron Blunk established himself on Section 17 in 1824, and William Evans on Section 18 in 1825. Sol- omon Watson came to Section 18 in 1829, and R. R. Manning in 1832. K. S. Whitaker located on Section 22 in 1825, John Matlock in 1826, William Asher in 1824, Levi Whitaker in 1829, William Cotter in 1833, William Brown 1834, and Elisha Brown in 1834. Jacob Bullen bought land on Section 23 in 1828, David Seachrist in 1830, Daniel Seachrist in 1834, William Johns in 1834, Mathias Zink in 1834, and Felix Seachrist in 1836. George Knoy bought land on Section 24 in 1829, Henry Hed- rick in 1831, John Knoy in 1832, Lewis Tucker in 1834, and James Foster in 1838. George Shultz bought land on Section 26 in . 1824, William Johnson the same year, Hiram Alexander in 1825, Levi Meafield in 1825, Jacob Bullen in 1826, and Jacob Seachrist in 1829. On Section 27, Elijah Bowen entered land in 1831, Benjamin Beels in 1834, John Snod- grass in 1835, Levi Whitaker in 1829, and Joel Skelton in 1839. On Section 25, Ephraim Goss bought land in 1825, David Myers in 1826, Street Cox in 1826, and J. S. Harlan in 1837 .. On Section 17, David W. Gray bought land in 1836. On Section 15, Isaac Skelton bought in 1836, E. B. Chenoweth, 1836, and John Brown in 1837. On Section 14, Eli Myers in 1837. On Section 13, Adam Lingle, Sr., in 1829, H. Knox 1833, Lewis Tucker, 1834, Eli Pomeroy, 1836, John Wingler, 1836, James Foster, 1838, and John Fouts, 1839. On Section 12, George Moore, 1835, B. G. Edwards, 1835, Daniel Shultz, 1835, Jeremiah Sturgeon, - , Henry Whitaker, 1836, and William Ball, 1839. On Section 11, S. D.
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ASHLAND TOWNSHIP.
Spain, 1836, Napoleon B. Chambers, 1839, and David Lipps, 1839. On Section 9, William Elmore, 1836, William Cotter, 1837, and A. J. Proctor, 1839. On Section 8, William Baldwin, 1835, and W. R. Mannon, 1837. On Section 7, Isaac Wamsley, 1839. On Section 6, Abe Fletcher, 1837, J. W. Gladson, 1838, James Ogle, 1838, Richard Bittle, 1839, and Isaac Bolden, 1839. On Section 5, William Asher, 1832, Simeon Watson, 1833, Andrew Ogle, 1835, George Pattorff, 1837, and Solomon Watson, 1839. On Section 4. G. W. Shake, 1836, Henry Littimore, 1838, and K. S. Risinger, 1839. On Section 3, Benjamin Edwards, 1837. On Section 2, William Brasier, 1834, Jesse Shoemaker, 1835, John Cart- right, 1836, Isaac Carter, 1837, S. D. Spain, 1837, and George Blunk, 1839. On Section 1, M. M. Taylor, 1835, Tobias Moser, 1835, Jacob Moser, 1836, J. L. Ashbough, 1836, and Alexander Moser, 1838. Dur- ing the thirties the following men bought land on the six sections in the eastern part : John Knoy, Jesse Thacker, Edward Powers, J. T. Mur- phey, William Murphey, A. C. Murphey, Alfred Powers, W. H. Bryant, Peter Shuler, Daniel Bayliff, William Greenlee, Henry Ratts, George Boss, Hezekiah Butler, Henry Hedrick, David Hedrick, Jacob Johns, Henry Lee, Elijah Rogers, John Litterman, Dempsey Trowbridge and Noah Gallimore.
PARTIAL LIST OF POLL TAX PAYERS.
In 1842, the following men among others were assessed poll tax in what is now Ashland Township, then a part of Ray Township: James Craycroft, Isaac Carter. Lewis Caston, Isaac Caston, Jesse Coffey, W. K. Mannon, William Massey, George Elliott, David Hedrick, Henry Hed- rick, Joshua Kenoy, George Mckinley, Ephraim Ratts, Elijah Rogers, John Shuler, Joel Skelton, John Carpenter, Wiat Carpenter, Philip Foxworthy, Benjamin Gray, Adam Lingle, Jeremiah Moser, David Myers, Eli Pomeroy, Kinner Risinger, Stephen Spain, Jacob Seachrist, Jesse Shoemaker, Daniel Seachrist, Felix Seachrist, David Seachrist, John Skelton, Lewis Tucker, Daniel Thompson, Simon Watson, John Whitaker, K. Whitaker, John Wingler and others whose names cannot be given.
PIONEER INCIDENTS.
The first thing to be done was to erect a log cabin in which to live, and usually these huts were of the rudest description. They were often built of small logs or poles, and often the head of a tall man would sweep the studding above. Short men and women were fortunate. Their heads escaped the bumps not located by phrenologists ; and then again, which was perhaps a more important consideration in view of the alarming scarcity of victuals, short people did not have so much bony surface over which to spread their fleshiness. Tall men and women in the woods were always so thin that dogs would follow them, thinking no doubt that they were bones. After the house was up, the men (and women, too) worked day and night to prepare a "truck patch." Potatoes, garden " sass," corn and a few acres of wheat were the first considerations of an agricult- ural character. The men would cut down the trees, cut and roll the logs, and the women would burn the brush. Ten o'clock at night often found them thus engaged. Deer were everywhere, and venison was in
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HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY.
almost every house. Some were not followers of Nimrod and did not try to hunt, but they could easily get venison of those who did. Rattle- snakes were as thick as pioneer children. A large den of them was dis- covered in an opening on Stone Ridge in 1824. The repulsive reptiles were forced out and killed by hundreds during the period of several years. On Section 16 was an Indian burying ground. It consisted of a mound of earth, and when opened in 1837, by John Brown and Isaac Skelton (two of the bravest men that could be found), six Indian skeletons were disclosed, each reposing in a stone coffin, made by placing flat stones up endwise, and then others over the top. The skeletons were left undis- turbed, and the mound was rebuilt. The old settlers did not care to be haunted like Macbeth by the spirit of some ferocious and revengeful old warrior.
MANUFACTURES.
The first mill in the township was a small corn-cracker, erected on the west bank of Rhodes' Creek, by Benjamin Gray, in 1836. It was operated by water-power, and owing to the lack of that propelling ele- ment, could run only about three months of the year, during the spring months. When a heavy shower came up during any other month, the owner would drop all other business, and operate the mill to its fullest capacity as long as there was sufficient water to conduct it. It did not run many years. After a few years, horse mills were adopted in other portions of the township, by Solomon Knoy, George Pottorff (who had served in the war of 1812), Jacob Bullen and others. Many steam saw mills have been conducted from time to time in later years in different por- tions of the township.
SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLHOUSES.
If any term of school was taught in the township prior to 1830, such fact is not now known. In that year the first school edifice of the town- ship was built by Solomon Watson, John Reeves, Daniel Stevens, Will- iam Mannon, Sr., and John Brown, on the line between Sections 16 and 17. Hickory and ash poles were used in the construction. The roof was of rough, hewed planks, held in their place by heavy poles fastened on with wooden pins. The fire-place could take in a huge log six or eight feet in length, and was built of limestone, and sent its roaring flames and smoke up a tall stick-and-mud chimney. Slab seats were fashionable, but not soft. The first pedagogue was Stephen F. Hancock. He handled his hickory gad like a sword-player. But his system was to educate as well as to stimulate. The latter exceeded the former, not because there was an abundance of gads, but because there was not an abundance of books or even of scholars. The school, despite these drawbacks, was re- garded as a surprising success. In the following three or four years, other schools of a similar character were established in the southern part of the township, in the eastern part, in the northeastern part and in the northwestern part. Districts were divided and subdivided as time passed and as the center of settlement in neighborhoods shifted. The first houses were logs, but after the school law of 1852, which provided a fund by tax upon property, frame houses took their place. Several brick
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ASHLAND TOWNSHIP,
houses have been built of late years. Now there are seven or eight estab- lished schools. Ashland is above the average in matters of education.
EARLY CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS.
The Samaria Baptist Church was organized in 1830, the first mem- bers being Street Cox, John Brown and their families only. The first meetings were held in the houses of these old settlers, but later in school- houses, and still later in their church. The Trustees in 1835 were Levi Whitaker, William Mannon, Grafton B. Whitaker and Elijah Baum. About this time, David Gibbon donated about an acre of land for a church, which was soon erected. The old Liberty Church was built in 1838, on Section 16, by David Gray, Sr., S. W. Young, Ephraim Goss, Daniel Y. Smith, John Brown and others. The carpenters were Fred Caveness and Henry York. This was the first frame build- ing in the township. So rapid did this congregation grow that in 1847 the membership numbered over 200. It was the leading church of all that vicinity for years, and is yet in existence, though greatly changed. Many of the leading Christian families of the township have worshiped in this building. Temporary church organiza- tions were established in several portions of the township during the thirties, forties and fifties, and indeed up to the present. Schoolhouses were the churches. Much good was accomplished by these small classes, which gave localities without other churches a place to attend and wor- ship. The Salem Lutheran Church was organized in the thirties, among the leading families being those of David Seachrist, Adam Lingle, Amos Myers, Jacob Seachrist, Felix Seachrist, Enoch Myers, George Lech- enbill and John Wingler. This church was large and prosperous for many years. At present there are five church organizations in the town- ship, which can be said to the credit of the citizens.
ALASKA.
This is a small village near the Owen County line, started up many years ago. It was first known as Sheasville, and has usually contained about a dozen families. A store and post office have been there the most of the time, also a blacksmith shop, wagon shop, cooper shop and milliner shop. Several prominent physicians reside there. A church and a res- ident pastor adds dignity and piety to the unpretentious little village. The name Lewisville was applied a number of years ago to a small collec- tion of houses half a mile east of Alaska. The latter town is not as frigid as its name would seem to imply.
154
HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY.
GREGG TOWNSHIP.
THE FIRST WHITE MEN.
T THIS fine tract of country was not settled as soon as those portions along the river. The real influx of pioneers occurred in the thir- ties, but about six or seven families appeared for permanent residence late in the twenties. The first families were those of Solomon Dunegan, Allen R. Seaton, Charles D. Seaton, Philip A. Foxworthy, Daniel Smith, John Williams and others. Solomon Dunegan was perhaps the first per- manent settler in the township. He was a Baptist minister, and came from South Carolina in 1826, and purchased a tract of land since known as the Thomas Wilhite farm. He became a very influential man in the township, was strictly moral and did a great deal for the early churches in his vicinity. Philip Foxworthy came to the township in 1827 or 1828, and entered eighty acres of land upon which he erected a hewed-log cabin. This was on the Jeff Wooden farm. He had a rough time clearing his first land, worked day and night, and was assisted by his wife, who burned brush. His nearest neighbors were Solomon Dunegan, the Ship- leys and Joseph Moser. In 1829, he had a few hogs of which he thought a great deal. They had cost him hard labor, and he was careful to have them properly marked with "an under half crop in the right ear and a swallow fork in the left." They ran wild in the woods, requiring no feeding other than the rich and abundant mast of nuts, twigs, herbs, etc., which covered the forest ground at all seasons of the year, especially during the fall. So abundant was this mast that hogs feeding exclusively on it often attained a weight of 200 pounds. But they generally were poorer, and when designed for the market or for home consumption were usually fed corn in addition to the mast. Every few weeks they were carefully looked up, especially if they had been missing for a few days. The owners usually fed them a little corn in the morning for the purpose of keeping them at home or in the neighborhood of home. Sometimes the owner did not care to take the trouble either to feed them or watch them. They then wandered off into the depths of the unsettled woods in quest of food, and quite often were lost. Some of them became utterly wild, especially young animals, littered out in the woods, far from any house. They would run like wolves through the brush at the sound of a human voice or the sight of a human being, and it was often necessary to shoot them like any other wild animal in order to get them. When they were looked up to be marked or killed late in the fall, they were often so savage that they were managed with great difficulty and danger. They were usually enticed into some pen, which was then hastily closed, but the process of enticing them was often unaccompanied with favorable re- sults only after the lapse of weeks of gradual advances. The males were extremely savage, with tushes sometimes six inches in length, and when pushed too closely would turn with tigerish ferocity upon man or dog.
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