History of Lawrence, Orange, and Washington counties, Indiana : from the earliest time to the present, together with interesting biographical sketches, reminiscences, notes, etc, Part 45

Author: Goodspeed Brothers
Publication date: 199-?]
Publisher: [Salem, Mass. : Higginson Book Co.]
Number of Pages: 954

USA > Indiana > Orange County > History of Lawrence, Orange, and Washington counties, Indiana : from the earliest time to the present, together with interesting biographical sketches, reminiscences, notes, etc > Part 45
USA > Indiana > Washington County > History of Lawrence, Orange, and Washington counties, Indiana : from the earliest time to the present, together with interesting biographical sketches, reminiscences, notes, etc > Part 45
USA > Indiana > Lawrence County > History of Lawrence, Orange, and Washington counties, Indiana : from the earliest time to the present, together with interesting biographical sketches, reminiscences, notes, etc > Part 45

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

INDIAN TRAILS.

There seem to have been two important trails or forest roads that were traversed by the red man across Orange County. One of these was a route from Vincennes to the Ohio Falls and passed near what is now New Prospect in French Lick Township, through the town of Paoli and nearly over Albert's Hill and thence took a southeasterly course. in nearly the same line as the turnpike, to the Ohio River. The other trail ran east and west across the northern part of the county passing near the town of Orleans. This was a road from Vincennes to Cincinnati and was called the Cincinnati Trace.

INDIAN CAMPING GROUNDS.

Throughout the county there are several places peculiarly adapted for camping places and these were often utilized by parties of Indians while on hunting excursions or other temporary journeys to this region. Among the more important of these may be mentioned Valeene. the springs at the source of Stampers Creek, the rise of Lost River at the site of Orangeville. and on Patoka Creek near the town of Newton Stewart. and

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two miles south of Valeene. During the winter season the Indians were rarely troublesome to the whites. and their acts of hostility usually began in the spring when the "leaves were the size of squirrel ears." From that time until fall the early settlers would go in bands and attend to one another's crops in order to present a more formidable opposition should there be any attempt at violence on the part of the natives. These, how- over. were few in Orange County and the people enjoyed much tranquil- ity and freedom from Indian depredations. In the conspiracy of Tecumseh and his prophet brother, the Delawares. who then inhabited much of the White River country, refused to join and the same is probably true of both the Piankeshaws and Shawnees. As these Indians ocenpied the territory of Orange County it accounts for the comparatively peaceful times immediately prior to the battle of Tippecanoe. Soon after that event the Piankeshaws were sent to Missouri and Kansas and after. ward all to Kansas. They have constantly grown less in number, much through the influence of whisky and disease. In 1834 they were united with the Weas. Peorias and Kaskasias, all numbering 259. In 1868 they numbered 179. and since then the Miamis have been annexed to them and are all in the Indian Territory at the present time. A brighter era seems to be upon them as they now o wn 52,000 acres of land, 3,000 of which are in cultivation and they live in good homes, dress like civilized people and their children attend schools of their own. Eight of their boy- have come back to the land of their ancestors, and in 1883 were at. tending colleges in Indiana. The Delawares and Shawnees to the num. her of 1.INK), were, in 1866, united to the Cherokees in the Indian Territory and are now the most advanced of any tribe of Indians in civilization and are said to be worth more per capita than any others.

THE MOUND BUILDERS.

Throughout the entire extent of the Mississippi Valley may be found abundant and convincing evidence of a pre-historic race of humanity. Beyond this fact of existence but little is known. The time, habits, cus- toms and origin of this long perished people are so deeply and obscurely veiled in unknown and unrecorded centuries that the most diligent and active investigation has hitherto failed to throw upon them more than a single ray of light. It would be foreign and out of place in the present work to attempt an elaboration of the various theories that have from time to time been projected by the different investigators concerning this extinct race. They are at best only theories, and their conclusions con- jectures. Suffice it to say that this people have received their name, Mound Builders. from the numerous mounds' and earthworks that are scattered more or less over most of the American Continent and are their works. Their civilization was considerable in advance of the Indians and they are supposed to have been an agricultural people, as indicated

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by the implements of various kin.Is found, and which they undoubtedly used for that purpose. By some archaeologists the Mound Builders are thought to be have been contemporaneous with the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians. while others rank them with Aztecs and Peruvians who peopled the torrid climes of the Western World. Some advance the idea that the Indians are descendants of this ancient race while others emphatically deny it aud claim a separate origin for the Indians. In this it is undoubtedly true that the supposition of a distinct origin of these two races has the preponderance of evidence on its side.

THE PAOLI FORTIFICATION.

There are in Orange County several traces of these Mound Builder -. some of which are quite important and interesting to the archeolorist. and demonstrate a large population of this people. In many parts of the county arrow and spear heads are found in large quantities. especially around the larger springs and along the buuks of streams. Besides those, are found in considerable numbers fleshing implements, stone axes and ornaments of curious fashion. About one mile east of Pauli, on the smith bank of Lick Creek, is an important earthwork mule by this primitive people in untold centuries of the past. It consists of two embankments. now about three feet high, at a distance ranging from about tweive to thirty feet apart, and nearly thirteen hundred feet in length. These begin upon the bank of the creek, and extend their full length in the form of the large end of an oval, returning again to the stream som- dis. tance further down. The ground around this embankment is of smooth and even surface, and many arrow-heads have been found. Growing npon these earthen walls are a large unmber of forest trees. some as much as three feet or more in diameter, and have of course grown since the building of the walls. Some of these trees undoubtedly represent no less than three hundred years. The height of the walls is said. and with no doubt of the truth. to be constantly decreasing. Excavations in sev- eral parts were made. although but little was found to indicate the pur- pose for which they were constructed. If there is any difference the outer wall is the higher one, and a cross section shows it to be made of tine dry dirt of the surrounding fields, while here and there scattered through it are slight traces of ashes and charcoal. and an occasional animal bone. This bank was probably built after the time of the inner one, and into it were thrown the refuse of the camp, which consisted largely of the camp fire ashes and bones of such animals as they were accustomed to eat, and broken pottery. The other wall is made of the same kind of soil, but about half way down from the top is a layer of large flat stones contiguonsly arranged. These have been brought from the creek bottom. and vary considerably in size. Close to the surface on the inside of this wall a considerable number of broken pieces of pottery

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are found. mingled with more of ash and charcoal than appears in any other part of the entire embankment. These pieces of pottery are all blackened with fire, and being found with the ashes would lead to the conclusion that the cooking for the inhabitants was nearly all done close to this bank, or the ashes and pottery broken by accident were cast against the bank to be out of the way. This is farther confirmed by the shallow earth that covers them, for they were most likely left as they had been used. and all that now covers them has been washed down from the bank or has been deposited from the overflowing waters of the creek. A few ornaments have also been found, but so far as can be learned noth. ing of any particular consequence has ever been unearthed here.

To state the object and purpose of this large double embankment to its builders is only to conjecture. Some have thought it for sacrificial use, where the people met to perform their religious rites, whatever they may have been. Others have thought it to be sepulchral in nature. but of this there is scarcely any evidence in accordance with the general records of discovery, or opinions of archaeologists in matters of that kind. The best conclusion, and one that seems most plausable, is that these embankments were made and used entirely as a fortification in times of battle, and to ward off the encroachments of wild animals in times of peace and repose. There is little doubt that it was constantly inhabited as a village, although its confines may have been too limited to afford room for all, and the surplus population may have dwelt on the adjacent fields. resorting to the walls or fortification in times of danger. Being built upon the banks of the creek, and near a neighboring spring, the inhabitants were enabled to withstand a long siege without a failure in the water supply. Neither within nor without the walls were seen any mounds, although writers in the State Geological Report for 1875 claim to have observed twelve small ones within the enclosure " from one to two and a half feet high, eight feet in length by about four in width, the longest diameter being from northeast to southwest." Mounds of the same kind were seen outside along the banks of the stream, and were concluded to be "kitchen mounds," or places for the building of wig- wams.

THE VALEENE FORTIFICATION.

Another embankment similar to this Lick Creek fortification is said to have been upon the banks of Patoka Creek, on the farm of Samuel Harned. about one- half mile east of Valeene. It had but one wall, in much the same shape as the other one, and situated on a level piece of ground. This has been entirely destroyed by the plow, and it is said that many ornaments were found there. In the western part of the coun- ty. about six miles from Paoli, there is a burial mound that was opened a few years ago and a number of human skeletons exbumed, and the usual small ornaments and implements of various kinds were found. The

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mystery that enshrouds this ancient and long.buried people is one of the most puzzling that confronts the modern scientists. These monu- ments lie promiscuously in the midst of our boasted and advanced civili- zation, reminding us of distant ages and races. From their tombs the bones of distinguished individuals of unknown nations come forth to stand ghastly in the recent halls of science. But all alike stand mute when questioned of the times and circumstances that brought them forth

CHAPTER III.

WHITE SETTLEMENT OF ORANGE COUNTY-THE COMING OF THE PIONEER- -LISTS OF EARLY LAND ENTRIES-STORIES OF HARDSHIP AND ADVEN- TURE-THE EARLY AND SUBSEQUENT SAW-MILLS, GRIST-MILL. S. F.A TO- RIES, ASHERIES, DISTILLERIES, ETC .- TOWNSHIP OFFICERS AND STATIS- TIC -- CATALOGUES OF OLD SETTLER -- HUNTING STORIES AND OTHER INCIDENT -- COMPARISON OF OLD AND MODERN CUSTOMS, ETC .- ANEC - DOTES OF THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD-SKETCHES OF THE TOWN-

B' EFORE the creation of Orange County, while it was yet a part of Washington County, and for a short time after its creation and organization, Paoli Township was known as Orange Township, and was of greater extent than at present. On the 10th of February, 1\17. the County Board reorganized the townships of the county, and gave Paoli name and bounded it as follows: Beginning where the base line crosses the meridian line; thence west four miles: thence north ten miles: thence past eight miles; thence south eight miles; thence west four miles: thence south two miles to the place of beginning. Soon after this the boundary was changed to what it is at present.

EARLY LAND ENTRIES.

Paoli Township-Township 1 north. Range 1 east, Section 5. Theo- dore Braxtan. October 29. 1512; Section 8. Jonathan Lindley, March 18. 1811. William Lindley, July 3. 1812: Section 0. William Holaday. December 24, 1812. John Dougherty, December 25. 1812; Section 17, Owen Lindley, November 12. 1811; Section 15, Solomon Cox. May 25, 1811, William Cox, May 26, 1811; Sections 20 and 21, Owen Lindley, November 12. 1811. Township 2 north. Range 1 east -- Section 29. Jonathan Lindley, October 29, 1812: Section 31, William Lindley, November 2. 1512; Section 34, Charles Bailey, December 28. 1512. Township 1 north, Range 1 west-Section 1, Thomas Hopper, September 12, 1811: Section 3. Jonathan Lindley, January 29, 1812; Section 11, Jesse Hollowell. September 26. 1810. Joseph Farlow, January 24. 1812:

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Section 13. Thomas Atkisson, February 13, 1811; Section 14, Thomas Farlow, September 12, 1811. Township 2 north, Range 1 west-Section 13. Thomas Lindley, March 27. 1812, David Darroch, June 27, 1812, Jonathan Lindley, March 27, 1812; Section 24, Thomas Braxtan, March 27. 1812. Samuel Lindley, March 27, 1812; Section 35, Robert Holaday, March 17, 1812; Section 36. Adam Davis, October 19, 1812. The above were the only entries in the present Paoli Township, prior to January 1. 1813. The following men entered land in this township from January 1, 1813. to January 1. 1820: Alexander Kearby 1819, Robert Vest 1819. Aaron Maris 1816, John Maris 1815, Simon Reubottom 1818, Jesse Hollowell 1813, Adam Davis 1814, Jesse Cox 1818, James DePauw 1817. Jonathan Lindley 1814. Wyatt Hanks 1816, Clement Horsey 1817. James Mc Vey 1815. Samuel Chambers 1815, John Lynch 1818, R. Crow 1815, J. Newlin 1519. Lewis Thomas 1819, John Stout 1819, Thomas Lind- ley 1815. William Lindley 1813, Epbraim Bentley 1819, J. M. Lewis 1818. William Carmichael 1819, G. Sutherlin 1819, Samuel Johns 1818. Levi Gifford 1818, Thomas Vandeveer 1817, Robert Field 1814, Edward Millis 1513. William McMahon 1818, John Thompson 1818, William Milligan 1516, Ephraim Owen 1815, Jonathan Lindley 1813, John Snyder 1819. Joseph White 1819, Dennis Hungate 1817, John Henry 181S, John Johnson 1815, David Johnson 1818, Jonathan Stout 1818, William Constant and John Gain (colored) 1817, Larkin Davis 1819, John Jones 1819. Alexander Clark 1819, Daniel Darroch 1819, Thomas Maris 1815. Thomas Braxtan 1817. Jacob Moulder 1819, Reuben Stout ISIS. George Duncan 1819, Thomas Lindley 1815, William Boles 1814, John Watson 1813. Daniel Austin 1517, Esau Spirey 1519. James Pearson 1517, Charles Taylor 1817. William Trueblood 1515, George Farlow 1815, Zachariah Lindley 1S16, David Doan 1815. Thomas Hopper 1516. Esan Jones 1815. Jonathan Doan 1815. John Williams 1816. John Wolfington 1816, Jolin Pinnick 1815, Hugh Meady 1516, Benjamin Morris 1815, Solomon Stout 1815, Owen Lindley. Sr. 1815. James Henderson 1815, Isaac Scott 1517, James McVey 1915, Ransom Davis 1814, Simon Dixon 1816, Josiah Trueblood 1816, John Campbell 1519, Henry Richard 1817, Elizabeth Shirley 1815. Adlai Campbell 1813, William Trueblood 1814, John Bigelow 1816, Paton Wilson 1815. Ezer Cleveland 1816, William Handy 1813, James Crow 1915. John Hill 1815. Ebenezer Doan 1813, Adam Davis 1815, Samuel Chambers 1816, Zachariah Lindley 1816. The above was all the land bought of the Government in the present Paoli Township prior to Jan- uary 1, 1820.

EARLY TOWNSHIP OFFICERS.

Thomas Lynch and Stephen McFerran were the first Clerks of old Orange Township and Abraham Elliott and John Lynch the first Judges of Elections. Ebenezer Doan was also an early Judge. Samuel Cobb was

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an early Clerk. Elections were held at Paoli, but before the organization of the county were held at William Lindley's. In 1817 William Lind. ley and Thomas Atkisson were Overseers of the Poor. Ebenezer Doan was Trustee of Section 16, Township 1 north, Range 1 west; Joseph Maxwell of Section 16. Township 2 north, Range 1 east; Thomas Lind- ley of Section 16. Township 1 north, Range 1 east. John Brown was Constable in 1817. William Lindley was Treasurer of the township in 1S16. The following list of voters at Paoli at an election held for Rep- resentative on the 18th of November, 1516. is given here for reference and to preserve as many as possible of the names of the early residents. At that time men from remote parts of the county voted at this election.

VOTERS IN NOVEMBER. 1816.

Jonathan Doan, Thomas Braxtan, George Woltington, Ephraim Doan, Martin Willard, Jamas Sutton. John Brown, William Dicks. Paton Wil- son, Jesse Martin, William Killams, John Maris, Thomas Atkinson. Aaron Maris, Daniel Dawson, James Atkinson, Absalom Davis, Thomas Maris, William Lindley, Sr., James McVey. James O'Cannon. Jonathan Jones. Gilbert Kiliams, Simon Reubottom, Isaac Wells, Owen Lindley. Sr., Owen Lindley, Jr .. Thomas Lindley, Sr., Barnabas McFall, Willoughby Blake, Joseph Wells, David Henderson, Benjamin Freeman, Robert Holaday, Levi Johnson, Thomas Maxedon, Thomas Reubottom, George Sutherland, Abraham Holaday, Thomas Inman, Henry Sanders, Robert Atkinson, Ezekiel Henderson. Moses Speer, Edward Bryant, John Owen, Joseph Pearson, Abuer Lamb, Peter Quackenbush, Levi Gifford. Jesse Dobbs, John Dougherty, James Lind- ley, Jr., Jesse Fulton, Alexander Clark, Samuel Lindley. Jesse Gifford. Henry Holaday, William McVey, William Crow, Abraham Bosley, Jona- than Lindley, Jr., Clayton Lynch, Thomas Lindley, Jr .. Jesse Fulton, Jr., John Dunbar, John Dougherty, Jr .. Evan Jones, William Trueblood, Jonathan Newland, William Crawford, Daniel Willard. James Crow, Thomas Lindley, Evan Hyatt, Jacob Holaday, William Lindley, Jr., Samuel Holaday, Joseph McGrue. Gabriel Freeman, Benjamin Turley. Zachariah Lindley, Daniel Freeman, Sr., William Freeman, Eli New- land, Thomas Lindley, Joseph Reubottom. William Lindley, Stephen Thomas, John Pike, James Pearson, Jacob Lane, Robert Vest. John Campbell, Joshua Freeman, William Woodrum, William Milliken, John Pickard, Ephraim Owen, George Duncan, Joseph Willard, John Doan, Jesse Wells, John Hill, James Lindley, James Henderson, Nathan Wells. Warner Davis, William Matthews, James Jones, John Crow, Simon Dixon. Abraham Borland, Hugh Holmes. John Scott, Alexander Kearby, Joseph Scott, Silas Dixon, George Monarch, Henry Pickard, David Doan, Joshua Burnham, Jesse Holowell, Robert MeCracken, Will- iam Bales, Joseph Farlow, Nathaniel Newland, Stephen Stations, George

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McCoy, John Moon. William Holaday, Henry Wolf, Evan Owen, Nathaniel Vest. Jonathan Lindley, Sr., Thomas Clark, Thomas Starks, Jolın Faris, Richard Wall, Henry Dougherty. James Wolfington, Joel Charles. Thomas Wood. Joshua Hadley. Benjamin Leach, John Hadley, Joseph Cox. Edward Kearby, Duncan Darrock, Zacharias Wells, Abra- bam Elliott. Ebenezer Doan. Jacob Monider, Samuel Chambers, John MeCracken. Edward Moore, Nicholson Millis, Ransom Davis, Daniel Rob- bins, John McVey, John G. Clendenin, William Wells, Robert Holaday, James Wilson. John Williams, Joseph Wicks, James Eastridge, Michael Hepron, Jolin Hunter, Jonathan Lomax, John Lynch. Zacharias Dix. Thomas Lynch. Stephen McPherson, Jacob Condrey. Joseph Chan- nings. Daniel Darrock, Henry Towel. Jesse Davis, John Fulton. Moses Alderson and John Pinnick: total. 182. Abraham Elliott, Inspector; Ebenezer Doan. Jacob Moulder and John Lynch. Judges; Thomas Lynch and S. McPher-on. Clerks. One hundred and twenty eight votes were polled for Jonathan Lindley for Representative, and fifty-three for John Piunick and one for Benjamin Blackwell. Neither of these candidates was elected.

THE SETTLEMENT OF PAOLI TOWNSHIP.

It is not definitely known who was the first permanent settler in the present township of Paoli. The earliest residents are gone. leaving no record of their settlement. not even tradition. touching this question. the only light on the subject being the information furnished by the entries of land, as shown by the "Tract Book." Jesse Hollowell made the first entry on Section 11. Township 1 north, Range 1 west, on the 20th of September. 1510, but. so far as can be learned, he did not reside there. The second entry was by Thomas Atkisson, on Section 13, same township and range. February 13, 1811. This man moved upon thi- land. built a log cabin. and, so far as known, was one of the first, if not the first. settlers of Paoli Township. These entries were two or three miles east, southwest of Paoli. Jonathan Lindley bought on Section S. Town-hip 1 north, Range 1 east, in March 1511, and settled there the same year. likely in the fall. and he thus became one of the very first settlers of the township. Solomon and William Cox both bought land on Section IS. Township I north. Range I east. in May. 1811, and both settled there soon afterward with their families. This was about two and a half mile- west of southeast of Paoli. Thomas Hopper and Thomas Farlow, both located in the township in 1911, the former on Section 1. just south of Paoli, and the latter on Section 14, two miles and a half southwest of Paoli. Owen Lindley, later in the year, located on Section 17, about a mile east of the Coxes. It is quite likely that several other families squatted in the township during the year 1511, and the follow- ing year bought their lands. The families settling in the township in 1812, were those of Theodore Braxtan, William Lindley, William 24

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Holaday, John Dougherty, Charles Bailey, Joseph Farlow, Thomas Lindley, David Darrock. Thomas Braxtan, Samuel Lindley, Robert Holaday and Adam Davis. After 1812 the settlement, for a time. was quite rapid, the families being mainly of the Quaker sect, good, sober, industrious Christians, who come almost wholly from North Carolina, and from Orange County, of that State.

INDUSTRIES, INCILENTS, ETC.

The country was, of course, very wild when the first families arrived, and they were obliged to cut roads to their lands, before their household goods could be hauled there. For a short time they were compelled to go to Harrison County for their flour, but in 1814 Jonathan Lindley built a small water mill on Lick Creek, his buhrs coming, it is said, from the hills near the mill and being dressed and put in shape by one of the Hollowells, who was a blacksmith, probably the first in Orange County. This mill served the early families and was afterward im- proved, so that harassing trips to the older mills in Harrison and Wash- ington Counties for larger grists were avoided, as the flour furnished was good for that day. This mill seems to have been succeeded by one owned and operated on Lick Creek by Ephraim Doan. It ran for many years. Several horse-mills were established quite early in different parts of the township. Several of the early families, coming as they did from the distant South, could not relinquish their old customs so readily, and accordingly raised sinall fields of cotton from seed which they had brought with them. This cotton was then taken in hand by the women, and put through all the various and tedious processes until a rude cloth was the result. All the early families raised fax. from the tiber of which they manufactured the greater portion of their garments. Wild animals were thick in the woods at the date of first settlement, and for several years later. Deer were comparatively numerous twenty years later. and were bought quite extensively by the merchants at Paoli, and the hams and hides shipped to Lonisville by wagon, and to Southern markets by flat-boats. At an early day, (1826) the State Legislature passed an act declaring Lost River, as far up as Shirley's Mill. and Lick Creek as far up as its rise, to be navigable streams. By another act passed January 18. 1830, $300 of the Three per cent Fund was appro- priated and ordered applied on the improvement of Lost River. as far up as Shirley's Mill, and Lick Creek as far up as Dougherty's Mill, and Samuel Cobb was appointed special Commissioner, to expend this appropriation as stated, which he accordingly did. Under his direction. trees were taken from the bed of Lick Creek, so that flat.boats could go up and down to Dougherty's Mill. the head of navigation.

It is interesting to draw contrasts between the old time and the pres- ent. The farmer was not as well equipped with agricultural implements as

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now. Corn was planted and almost wholly cultivated with the hoe. A man who could raise eight or ten acres of corn had a large field. If he had three or four boys and as many women he could manage to cultivate successfully about that number of acres. Even the hoes were not as they

are now. They were of wood or of heavy iron without polish. The birds and squirrels were so numerous and voracious that the farmer had to guard his corn crop constantly. Wheat was sown broadcast. and very often burrowed in by hand or by bushes pulled around by horses or oxen. All reaping was done with the historic old sickle. Think of it! Less than fifty years ago the old sickle that had been in use from time immemorial, had been in use in Egypt before the pyramids were built. had been in use in the fields of Boaz long before the Chris- tian era, in fact, had been in use at such a remote period in the history of the world, long before authentic history began, that the myths and fables of barbarous man reveal its existence. For thousands of years it had been the only reaper. Labor had lost dignity in the mind of prim- itive man. if at that remote period it possessed any; and invention was not permitted to interfere with implements whose use was sanctioned by the Diety. Personal liberty, with wealth and independence in view, was limited to the domain of a serfdom constantly guarded by the blind and unscrupulous opulent. None but serfs were farmers. Children were compelled to conform to caste and follow the occupation of their fathers.

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History of Lawrence, Orange, and Washington counties, Indiana : from the earliest time to the present, together with interesting biographical sketches, reminiscences, notes, etc, Part 45

Author: Goodspeed Brothers Publication date: 199-?] Publisher: [Salem, Mass. : Higginson Book Co.] Number of Pages: 954

Author: Goodspeed Brothers
Publication date: 199-?]
Publisher: [Salem, Mass. : Higginson Book Co.]
Number of Pages: 954