USA > Indiana > Orange County > History of Lawrence, Orange, and Washington counties, Indiana : from the earliest time to the present, together with interesting biographical sketches, reminiscences, notes, etc > Part 94
USA > Indiana > Washington County > History of Lawrence, Orange, and Washington counties, Indiana : from the earliest time to the present, together with interesting biographical sketches, reminiscences, notes, etc > Part 94
USA > Indiana > Lawrence County > History of Lawrence, Orange, and Washington counties, Indiana : from the earliest time to the present, together with interesting biographical sketches, reminiscences, notes, etc > Part 94
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PUBLIC SENTIMENT IN 1861.
In Washington County as well as in all the Northern States. especially those containing a large sprinkling of emigrants from the South, public opinion on the questions which divided the country in 1860-61 was undergoing a revolution. and necessarily there were all shades of political opinion. On the secession of the Southern States the Times (Huston and Trueblood, editors,) of January 3, 1861, said: " We are clearly of the opinion that a judicious firmness on the part of the Chief Executive at the outbreak of this disunion movement at the South would have done more toward quelling it than all the compromises, concessions or patriotic appeals that have been or can be made by our
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wisest statesinen. . He (the President) gave them an inch and they have taken a span. They have not been in the least checked in their traitorous movements. but have gained strength from the beginning. They see clearly that they are likely to meet with no resistance from the Federal power and they are doubly bold in executing their damning plans of disunion. It would be useless for us to attempt to express our opinion in regard to the cowardly course of the President-we fail to tind words severe enough in the English language and therefore cannot do the subject justice. Poor old wretch -what can be promise himself while he is permitted to live on earth and when he knows in a few years at most he must go down to the grave 'unwept, unhonored and unsnng ?" The Democrat (Horace Heffren, editor.) of the same date said: "When Abe Lincoln and his abolition hordes or Republican allies undertake to compel our Southern brethren to surrender their rights and liberties, to compel them by fire and sword and at the cannon's month and bayonet's point, to give up their rights, then we become a private in the Southern Army, and do by them as LaFayette did by our fathers." These two quotations show the two extreme views, and between these were repre- sentatives of every shade. January 10, 1861. a U'nion meeting was held at the court house, the principal speakers being R. Boling. of Kentucky, T. M. Brown, of New Albany, and C. L. Dunham, each of whom spoke eloquently in favor of maintaining the Union. Later numerous similar meetings were held throughout the county. All, or nearly all, wanted the Union preserved. A very large and enthusiastic meeting was held at Livonia. January 26, the leading speakers being Rev. S. E. Barr, Hon. J. A. Cravens and others. A long series of resolutions was adopted urging that compromises should be used to prevent war or disunion. Another meeting was held at Little York, the speakers being R. Boling, John I. Morrison and Rev. A. Hubbard. J. M. Scifres presided. Reso- lutions asking for a compromise were adopted. February 16 a public meeting was held at Salem, on which occasion a series of resolutions was adopted, two of them being as follows:
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Resolved. That in view of the geographical position of the State of Indiana in the United States of America, her commercial, agricultural. mechanical and manufacturing interests being. as in our judgment we conceive them to be. interwoven and fostered chiefly by the South and Southern Institutions, that a sepa- ration therefrom would be fatal to the prosperity, glory and wealth of our beloved State. And that while we deprecate and deplore a separation of our glorious I'nion and believe It to be our duty as well as our interest to do all that can be done 10 avert so fearful a calamity, yet if separation must and will come the line of sepa. tion must run north of us.
Resolved, That we look with fear and horror upon any attempt elther of the State or Federal Government to compel us to take up arms against our Southern brethren, and while we regret to see this Government crumbling away and its found- ation broken up. yet we prefer that peaceable dissolution should take place rather than coercion, which is but another name for civil war. and when the time comes. if come it must, and we are compelled to choose between marching under the banner
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of coercion and the banner of a people fighting to preserve and retain their equal rights and liberties, we should be wanting in patriotism and oblivious to the exam- ple of the heroes and patriot sires of the Revolution should we do else than shoulder our arms and follow that flag upon whose ample folds is inscribed Liberty and Equal Rights to all against any and all opposers, come from where they may.
This was the majority report of the meeting. Two minority reports were read, but their adoption was rejected.
Public affairs were anxiously watched and every act was closely seru. tinized. A large element in the county believed that Mr. Lincoln's administration was making a mistake in not crushing the Rebellion at the earliest moment and in the speediest manner. They misapprehended the design of Mr. Lincoln. They looked upon his hesitancy as a prac- tical acknowledgment that no way could be seen under the Constitution of a settlement of existing differences. They thought the administration weak, vacillating and without that courage which accompanies con- viction. This view was taken, at first, by the Times, but was soon dis- pelled by the gigantic preparations for war on the part of the adminis- tration following the fall of Fort Sumter.
THE FALL OF FORT SUMTER.
The news of the fall of Fort Sumter occasioned great excitement in Washington County, and within a week a company was raised and its service tendered the Governor. S. D. Sayles, H. N. Atkisson, A. C. Trueblood and others were active in raising these men. A dispatch from Adjt-Gen. Wallace stated that the State quota was full, and that the company could not then be received, but should be kept in readiness for the first opening. At this time there were strong expressions from many prominent men of the county. One declared that be would rather fight under the palmetto flag of South Carolina than under the stars and stripes. Others declared that the administration was Constitutionally powerless to maintain the Union-that coercion could not be resorted to under the Constitution. The Times said: "The heart of every true lover of the Union is fired into a blaze of indignation at the attack on Fort Sumter and the insults offered to the star-spangled banner, the pride of the United States, and her true-hearted sons and daughters. Shall this glorious Union be destroyed, broken up, wiped out, by rebels who are rallying under a rattlesnake flag? is a question that rises in the mind of every patriot. Shall the American flag be insulted and trailed in the dust? Will Union men look quietly on and see the Capitol fall into the hands of traitors? Never ! Never!" The same issue said: " The war excitement among our citizens has put a check to all kinds of business. The shrill notes of the fife, the reverberating sound of the drum, and the steady measured tread of the marching soldiers, are the order of the day and part of the night. Crowds of men assemble upon the sidewalk, and but one subject engages their attention, and that is
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war, and we rejoice to say that the Union sentiment grows stronger every day;" and also: " We are glad to see so many of our citizens interested in the formation of a Home Guard. This is right, for while our friends and relatives are gone to fight for our country, our people and property must be protected at home." The Democrat came out with the following editorial:
" WAR BEGUN.
" We give up as much room as we can to the war news of the day. The battle has begun, and God only knows when it will end. War with ' his grim visaged front,' and all its attendant horrors is upon us. The Abolition party of the land are responsible for the calamity. They are the ones on whose heads should be visited the tierce furies of popular indignation. Abraham Lincoln has done the deed that all good men should regret. He has laid his impious hand upon the best Government man was ever blessed with. By his touch the Union crumbles to pieces. By his orders civil war is inaugurated; brother made to fight against brother; and he is but the embodiment of the party he leads. When such men as Seward and Chase and Wade and Giddings and Greeley con- trol the administration, what can we expect ?
" Lincoln, to all appearances an imbecile old ignoramus, is an instru- ment in the hands of bad men to destroy the Union. Everything be touches withers and crumbles away like the sensitive plant from the touch of mortal. Yet we have been told by these Republicans that there was no danger. The second Washington would make all right, and he told us nobody was hurt. Commerce is stagnated, industry is paralyzed, in short. everything is prostrate l. and nobody is hurt. A great sage is this Lincoln! Now he imbrues his hands in the blood of his country- inen, and calls for 75,000 Abolition cohorts to help him carry devastation and carnage among our Southern brethren; and Gov. Morton, the coward at heart, aids and abets him. Indiana is called upon for six regiments of volunteers, amounting to about 6,000 troops, to go South and fight the men whose ancestors came to the wilds of Indiana, and protected us from the tomahawk and scalping-knife. We are asked to forget Jo Daviess and his noble men, whose bones lie sleeping at Tippecanoe, where they gave up their lives to save our people. We are asked to fight the friends. relatives and neighbors of Washington, Henry, Jackson and Jefferson. We are bid by Abolition leaders to plunge the bayonet to the hearts of our best friends, and make carnage and distress on every hand and side.
"Men of Washington County, will you do it? Will you imbrue your hands in the blood of your friends! Will you wage war upon your kins- men: No, you never will. Your hearts beat responsive to the *rights of the South.' and of her heroic sons. You cannot be base enough to do so horrid and damnable an act. You could not degrade yourselves
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by so ungrateful a course, and if you could, you would be deserving the scorn and contempt of the world; and should be held up as worse than Judas Iscariot. As for ourselves, we say openly and boldly, come life or death, come weal or woe, we never will raise our hands or pay one farth. ing to aid in the ungodly act of waging a war upon the Southern people, who demand their rights and nothing more. May our arm be palsied before we even attempt the act. Wego a step further. and say we do not desire trouble in Indiana, and that we believe no one except hot-headed fools do, but we never want to see men mustering in old Washington to fight our friends, for we have no doubt serious trouble would be the consequence."
DEPARTURE OF THE FIRST COMPANY.
Early in May (the 9th, ) a dispatch was received from Indianapolis that the company of Capt. Sayles should proceed withont delay to that city, and accordingly preparations were made to leave the next day. A large crowd assembled to see the boys off. They were escorted to the depot by the Salem Home Guards and the Silver Greys. Here they were drawn up in rank and were addressed by Messrs. May, Martin, Dunham and Heffren, in patriotic and eloquent speeches of good advice and affec- tionate farewell. Capt. Sayles replied on behalf of the company. The occasion was sorrowful and impressive. and scores wept bitter tears for dear ones they never again expected to see. At last the train came, and the boys left amid the tears and clinging farewells of loved ones, At Indianapolis they remained until June 19, and were theu mustered into the United States service for three years as Company (} of the Thirteenth Regiment, with the following officers: Stephen D. Sayles. Captain; Horace N. Atkisson, First Lieutenant; E. M. Butler, Second Lieuten- ant.
SKETCH OF THE THIRTEENTH REGIMENT.
The Thirteenth Regiment was at first accepted for State service for one year, but later was one of the four regiments that first entered the United States service for three years, and was mustered in at Indianap- olis, June 19, 1861, with Col. J. C. Sullivan in command. On the 4th of July the regiment left Indianapolis and joined Gen. MeClellan's forces, near Rich Mountain, Va., on the 10th. The next day it fought in the battle of Rich Mountain, losing eight killed and nine wounded. On the 13th it moved to Beverly, thence to Cheat Mountain Pass. where it skirmished several times with the forces of Gen. Lee. It moved in the reconnoisance on Greenbrier. October 3, and from October 29 to Novem- ber 7 engaged in sconting expeditions. December 13 it fought at Alle. ghany under Gen. Milroy, and the 15th left Beverly and joined Gen. Lander at Green Spring Run, where it remained until spring, taking part in several expeditions. Early in March, 1862, it moved to Win- chester, then scouted to Strasburgh, thence returned to Winchester and
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fought in the battle of Winchester Heights. March 22, losing six killed and 33 wounded. It pursued Jackson's army to New Market and Col- umbia Bridge. Early in May R. S. Foster became Colonel. May 7, at Summerville, the regiment lost in a skirmish 4 wounded and 24 prison- ers. It moved to Port Republic, thence to Luray, thence to Alexandria, thence by steamer. June 28, to Harrison's Landing. James River, arriv. ing July 2. August 15 it started for Fortress Monroe; thence, August 30, moved to Suffolk. on Nansemond River, where it remained nine months, marching during that time over 400 miles, and losing in numer- ous movements 2 killed, 19 wounded and 7 prisoners. The principal move- ments were reconnoisances to Black Water; battle of Deserted Farm, Jan- uary 30, 1863; action with Geu. Longstreet in April and May; and the destruction of forty miles of railroad track. In June C. J. Dobbs became Colonel. In various movements it reached White House, occupied Ports. mouth and Folly Island, remaining at the latter place several months, skirmishing at Morris Island, assaulting Fort Wagner September 7, and veteranizing in December at Folly Island. It then returned home on veteran furlough. February 23, 1864, it moved to Jacksonville, Fla., and April 17 moved on transports to Gloucester Point, Va., thence ascended James River. landing at Bermuda Hundred May 5. It partic- ipated in the action at Wathal Junction May 7, Chester Station May 10, Foster's Farm May 20, losing in all about 200 men. It joined the Army of the Potomac June 1, fought at Cold Harbor June 3, and took active part in other movements until June 12; thence returned to White House; thence moved to Bermuda Hundred; thence, June 15, assaulted the works of Petersburg; thence returned to Bermuda Hundred June 17; June 19 the non-veterans left for home. The regiment charged the works of Petersburg after the mine explosion; then occupied the Federal trenches until September; then, September 15, fought at Strawberry Plains; at Chapin's Bluff: at Fort Gilmore, the 19th; and October 10, on the defenses at Richmond. In November it was sent to New York City to main- tain order; thence. December 3, moved to Fort Fisher, but returned to Chapin's Bluff the 31st. December 6, 1864, the regiment was formed into a battalion of five companies, but later was made a full regiment by the addition of five companies of drafted men. January 15, 1865, it engaged in the assault on Fort Fisher, and February 19 helped capture Fort Anderson. It occupied Wilmington February 22; thence moved to Raleigh. where it remained until July 20; thence moved to Goldsboro. September 5, 1865. it was mustered out and sent home, reaching Indian- apolis the 15th with 29 officers and 550 enlisted men.
WAR AND MASS MEETINGS.
In May, 1861. it was found that the war was likely to continue much longer than at first expected, and the rapid formation of militia com-
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panies occurred in several places in the county. Saturday, May 18, John I. Morrison, Rev. Henry Wright, and others at South Boston, delivered war addresses, and a full company was raised with Jasper Rodmau, Cap- tain, and Horace Gray, First Lieutenant. About this time also a cavalry company was formed and two or three companies of Home Guards. An enormous Union meeting was held at Livonia, May 25. by the citizens of Washington and Orange Counties. W. R. Wible serving as Chairman and E. P. Huston, Secretary. Several thousand people were present. and intense loyalty and enthusiasm prevailed. A long series of loyal resolutions was adopted, one being as follows : " Resolved, That we approve of the vigorous but cautious steps taken as a last resort by the Government and Gen. Scott to check and put down the treasonable rebellion and re-establish its rightful claims, authority and supremacy over the places and property belonging to the United States and its legal jurisdiction within the seceded States." John I. Morrison spoke elo- quently for an hour, and was followed by Revs. McKaux. Barr and Hutchinson. It was the strongest Union meeting up to this time. June 1, another large loyal meeting was held at Kossuth Postoffice, Monroe Township. A combined pole of hickory and poplar was erected, up which was run the American flag amid repeated cheers. On the flag in large letters was the word "Union." The parties had united. John I. Morrison, Prof. James G. May. Thomas Tanner, and Messrs. Young. McRae and Glover were the speakers. June S a large meeting of the same kind was held at Flower's Gap. Polk Township A Union poole seventy feet high was erected, and a fine silk flag was run up by the ladies of the vicinity. John I. Morrison spoke for an hour and a half. Early in June Capt. Sayles and Maj. Hetfren took to Indianapolis forty-three recruits for the company of the former. The news of the death of Stephen A. Douglas occasioned profound sorrow throughout the county. A very large Union meeting was held at Claysville. June 15, with William Hays, Chairman, and E. P. Huston, Secretary. John I. Morrison and James A. Cravens were the principal speakers. A tall Union pole was erected. Loyal vocal music was furnished by Mrs. M. Child, and Misses L. Child, MI. Fox. E. Collier. L. Snodgrass and Alex- ander. Loyal resolutions were adopted. The county was thoroughly aroused at this time, and loyal meetings were held in almost every church and schoolhouse
About the Ist of July a company was formel near Kansas School- house, Howard Township, with Jonah Green, Captain. At this time D. C. Thomas called for volunteers for three years or the war to report at the Wilson House. A company under Capt. E. W. Shanks was formed in Pierce Township about this time. At this time the Advocate (Morii- son and Huston, editors) deplored the fact of so many men leaving the county to enlist .. The Fourth of July was celebrated at Salem and
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other places. Prof. May delivered an eloquent and loyal address an bour and a half in length. Dr. J. B. Wilson read the Declaration of Independence. Two thousand people were present. A company had been formed before this at Martinsburg under Capt. Voyles. A fine celebration of the Fourth was held in Franklin Township. July 11 an enthusiastic Union meeting was held at Millersburg, Orange County. July 20, a large meeting was held at Martinsburg. Prof. May addressing the crowd. Capt. Voyles' company paraded.
THE SECOND COMPANY FOR THE WAR.
On the 27th of July, 1961, the second company for the war left the county, the officers being: Capt. Dewitt C. Thomas, and Lieuts. James T. Howell and T. F. Morrison. Hundreds of citizens assembled at the depot to see the boys off. Farawell speeches were delivered by Prof. May and John I. Morrison. Hundreds of citizens assembled at the depot to see the boys off. Farewell speeches were delivered by Prof. May and John I. Morrison. At times there was scarcely a dry eye in the audience. The company moved to Indianapolis, and was there made Company G. of the Eighteenth Regiment. Capt. Thomas was promoted to the Majority of the regiment and the officers of the company became John W. Jones, Captain: James T. Howell, First Lieutenant; Theophilus F. ; Morrison, Secon ] Lieutenant. The company was mustored in August 10, 1961.
SKETCH OF THE EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT.
The Eighteenth Regiment was at tirst commanded by Col. Thomas Pattison. August 17 it moved to St. Louis, thence participated in Fre - inont's movement on Springfield and on Otterville, thence assisted in cap. turing many prisoners at Black Water. In February it moved to Cross Hollows, thence to the battle-field of Pea Ridge, thence participated in the engagement near Leetown, March 6. where it recaptured the guns of the Peoria Artillery. The next day it fought near Elkhorn Tavern. April 6 it movel toward Helena, fighting at Cotton Plant on the way. It reached Sulphur Springs, Mo., about October 13, and remained on duty in this vicinity during the winter of 1802-03. In the spring of 1863 it joined Grant's Army. participated in the movement on Grand Gulf, fighting at Port Gibson, capturing a stand of colors and several pieces of artillery. fighting at Champion Hills May 15, and at Black River Bridge May 17. During the siege of Vicksburg it was actively engaged in one of the assaults, holding the Rebel works eight hours. After the surren- der the regiment moved to New Orleans, thence in the campaign up Teche River. November 12 it started for Texas; engaged in the capt. ure of Mustang Island the 17th, and in the attack on Fort Esparanza the 27th. January 1. 1864, the regiment veteranized, and returned home on furlough, but on the way assisted in defeating a Rebel force organized
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to attack Baton Rouge. July 16 the regiment took the field again in Virginla, joining Butler's forces at Bermuda Hundred, and skirmishing several times near Deep Bottom. August 15 it was transferred to Wash- ington City, and August 19 joined Gen. Sheridan. September 19 it fought at Opequon, losing fifty-four killed and wounded; September 22, lost seven killed and wounded in the pursuit and defeat of Early; Octo- ber 19, lost fifty-one killed and wounded and thirty-tive prisoners at Cedar Creek. In January. 1805, it moved to Savannah, where for three months it built fortifications. May 3 it moved to Augusta, Ga., but June 7 returned to Savannah. August 28, 1865, it was mustered out and sent home, reaching Indianapolis September 17.
RECRUITING.
Early in August about twenty men left Gibson Township, joining Com- pany H of the Twenty-second Regiment, raised at Lexington, Scott County. Messrs. Glover and Applegate recruited men early in August. Public mass meetings continued to be held throughout the county. Late in August (the 24th), in a large meeting held at Salem, the following resolution of many was adopted: "Resolved. That after making due allowance for the necessities of public danger, we have been compelled to witness with pain and regret the unwarranted and impolitic exercise of power on the part of the present Administration, believing as we do that all acts of usurpation furnish most potent strength to the wicked and insane rebellion now so rife in the land."
THE THIRD COMPANY FOR THE WAR.
August 24 the third company for the war left the county. Its offi- cers were John B. Glover, Captain; Stephen C. Attkisson, First Lieu- tenant; James H. Low, Second Lieutenant. The men became Company D of the Thirty. eight Regiment, organized at Camp Noble, New Albany, and were mustered in September 18. A large crowd attended the Com- pany to the depot at Salem on the occasion of its departure. John L. Mor- rison delivered the farewell address, a speech singularly impressive, strong, eloquent and patriotic. Roger Martin followed him in a fine speech. The sketch of this regiment will be found elsewhere in this volume.
ANOTHER COMPANY FOR THE WAR.
During September Mr. McCampbell bought horses in the county for cavalry. W. L. Mcknight called for a company of cavalry. In Sep- tember, October and November various fragments of volunteers raised in the county were finally united and became Company C of the Fiftieth Regiment. Only about two-thirds of this company were from this county. The officers became: H. N. Attkisson, Captain ; Joseph L. Mareb, First Lieutenant ; Deloss Heffren, Second Lieutenant. They were mustered in at various times during the above mentioned months.
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Later Attkisson was promoted Major and Lieutenant-Colonel. Dr. W. C. Flack. of Salem, was Regimental Surgeon later. Horace Heffren was Lieutenant Colonel abont nine months in 1961-62. Cyrus L. Dunham was C'olonel.
SKETCH OF THE FIFTIETH REGIMENT.
The Fiftieth Regiment was raised at Seymour. December 25. It moved from New Albany to Bardstown. Ky., and later to Bowling Green, and soon afterward took position as guard along the Louisville & Nash- ville Railroad. August 20, 1862, Captain Attkisson, with twenty men in a stockade near Edgefield Junction, was attacked by 1,000 men under John Morgan. and repulsed them three successive times in three hours' sharp fighting, killing eight and wounding eighteen. In September the regi- ment moved to Munfordville, and here on the 14th fell into the enemy's hands. The men were paroled, returned to Indiana, and November 1 were exchanged, and on the 10th reached Jackson. Tenn. December 31 it fought all day at Parker's Cross Roads, Ky., capturing 500 prisoners and seven pieces of artillery. It remained near Jackson during the winter of 1862-63. and in the spring moved to Collierville, thence to Memphis, thence to Little Rock, Ark., where it engaged the enemy, thence in September, 1963. to Lewisburg, where it remained on garrison duty until May 17, 1864 March 2,350 of the regiment veteranized. On the Camden expedition it fought at Terre Noir, April 2 ; Prairie Leon. April 10; Red Mound, April 17; Camden, April 17, and Sabine River. April 30. In August it took return furlough and returned to Little Rock and did garrison duty three months. In December the non- veterans were mustered out, and the remainder-about 450-were consolidated into a battalion of five companies. Early in January, 1965, it moved on the Sabine River expedition, and in February moved down to Mobile, where it participated in the siege of Spanish Fort: the capture of Mobile. April 10; skirmished at Whistler's Station, April 11, and May 20 was consolidated with the Fifty-second Regiment. It was mus- terered out at Montgomery, Ala., September, 10, 1865.
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