Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Indiana, Part 106

Author:
Publication date: 1876
Publisher: Baskin, Forster & Co.
Number of Pages: 472


USA > Indiana > Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Indiana > Part 106


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In the spring of 1x16, Willinui T. Stott, Alexander Lewis and Willinm Lemis came nod settled near Mr. Vaiter.


During the years 1S15 and Is16, the following persons, unntb their fomi- lies, settled in the vicinity of Vernon : Andrew Young, Achilles Vawier [ who came in 1815), John Daris, William Prather, Samuel Campbell, Jaines Hilton, John Branham, Joseph Pool, Miles Banta, Maurice Baker, Jozeph Cowel, Josinh Andrews, Jinmes Stott, Y. K. Fulton anil William Sanfordl.


The next settlement made in the county was near Paris, in 19ht.


A man hy the nume of Deputy came to this place in 1>11, but soon left, onil ilid not return to settle permanently until is1G. Soon after his settle- ment, John Lattimore, Walter Carsou, sereral families of the Graboms oud Arbuckles, Elder Thomas Hill and family, Zac. Tanonhill, Thomas, James and Henry Shoppard located.


Following these, n settlement ins mide fre or six miles southwest of Vernon, on the Muscatntuck, in Isli, by Basil Meek and some ten ar turelre of bis relatives. This Meek fhinily came froma l'ulaski l'ounty, Kentucky. lunes Krltam, Nonb Sullivan, lacob MeCurry, lohn Bonner, Thomas Riches, D. Murrin and James Green were all early settlers.


A settlement wns aunile in 1816-17, on Six. Mile Creek, by Peleg Baker, Joanthan Davis and Solomon R. ELsimon.


Another settlement was begun on Sahil Creek, in 1816-17. hy James Shields and a large connection. \ilum Keller, Chauncey Butter (father of Ovil Butler, of hutianopolis). Leenard Cutler, Justice Rich and the Von. kirkwells.


Also, in the North Fork of the Mutsenintuek, the families of the Entiett brothers-Darid, Robert, John anul Joseph-WVillinin Patterson, Nathaniel Davis, Thomas Daris, Ephraim Glasco, George Seribben utd Jucob Brown zentteil.


Jesse Vawier uns the first minister in Jennings County. lle came in the yenr 1815, nud prenchel some during the month of December. A congregalion was organized by the Baptists in April, ISIG, ut the bouse of Alexander Lewis, shout one-half mile northeast of the present town of North Vernon. It was called the Vernon Baptist Church.


In 1817. Joel Butler opened u school in n cabin built for the purpose. The house is still stnudling in Veroon, and was, at times, used to hohl relig. ious nicetings in, nul was also the place of holiling the first courts.


A brick house was built by James Scott, in Vernon, in IsIi.


The first flouring-will in the caumy was erected by John Vawier, in 1816 It was locateil ou the Muscatatuck, one-half mile enst nf Vernon. A turern was kept by Achilles Vaiter, who received his license from the County Commissioners, on the lith dny of November. 1818, which allowed bim to " keop said tavern for one year after said inte." lhe uns permitted, by the Commissioners, to charge the following mies and no mpre: One din- ner, 3i4 cents; breakfast and supper, 25 cents euch: whisky. per half pint, 121 cents; brandy, IS! cents; rum and French brandy. 30 cents per half pint, luilging, per night, 12} cents; corn ao'l oats, per gallon. It cents.' William Sanford kept the second turero. He was the first merchant in the county, and his wand was mutherity for many years, in nll business mat- lers, in Jennings County.


The hrst couple married were David Campbell and Ant Clinton, January 40, 1818. They were married by William Scott, Esq.


John Hughes the same fear, applied for divorce. He complained of his vife, I'rancis, as unkind to his children by n former wife, and also in the habit of getting intoxicated.


Joshuu Deputy wus born at the time bis parents first visited this county, in IN11. His father returued and became n permanent citizen in 1816.


The first grand jury if this county were: Walter Canon, forenin Jneob MeCurry, Robert I'atrick. Philipy Witfort, Juhn Salemare, John Miller. Andert Rupel, John Johns, John Branham, Joshun Critchfield. John Cham- bers, Alexander Lewis, William Russell, I-ane llull, Philip Reargen. Robert Chames, John Chambers, Jr., John Haris and Achilles Vanter.


The first julicial exeention u'ns that of George W Sage, who was tried fur munlering two of Mr. Dodd's children ; nndd, being fruwl guilly, Ivas hung by the Sheriff, Samnel Dicksun, on the 24th of June, Ista.


During the April term of the Circuit Court, in 1818. Sungel Carr ung tried for lurceny, found guilty, aul ordered, br the court, to pay tu Benja- min V Beek $6GS, iluuble the aumuut stolen. Iln hut no money to pay the judgment, atul was subt by Beok to Jobn Myers, on the I'uh af Inne, 1818, und on the 21st dny of June, Jehu Myers told him to Juhn Vawter, mul Vinter, the smue iluy, sold him to himself, " for value received." [See Deed Record .\, pages I and 2.]


hnsn steam saw mill nod grist-mill, a Methodist Church, and nu Odd Fellows' nın Masonio Lodge.


302


Jennings t'unnty ins organized muider an act of the Legislature, apprured n1 Corsilen, on the hird Monday in December, ISIA. They Cirrnit L'onrt conteneil at Verumi, un the fth ilny of July, 1817, William Prather und Chmannn Dentoo, Asyncinty Judges, jorsiding. Nu SheriD' approving, T'red. erick Danons, Coroner, Appeared und disrlurged the duties af Sheriff. Nu Clerk apurarel, und the court ordered that Inmes Stadt he appointed Clerk pru fem.


The first business Inmaarted hy thig court was the nouption of n sval, ·legeribeil ite follow's : "In the ernier un engle atnadling on n pilon ; over its hul uinrlern stors, und under its feet the number, 1817, in unjavrical letters."


"The hrst suit in The Circuit Tourt uns Jumies Grarrs i', Istmin Bluukon- ship, rivil orlinn, in recorer $100, and dlamages for S'0. The court onlerril the Sheriff to "lukr the body of said Blaukoushije, so that he he nud appear hefare thir Juulges of supl court of the next lerin."


The County foramnixyouers, at their Gret vinding, divided The count}. inta townshipes, und ordered elertiuns in tor beld in ruch, ns balans . "All that part of this pointy somk of the line dividing townships fire and six north, shall constitute the first township, tu lar called Montgomery, the elec- lion In be bild ut the house of lohn f'huibers. A thut part of the rounty in the second hanslog shull he known ns Vernon Township. All that part vf Bigdey Commy nttuched to this county shall ke khoin us Franklin Thin- Bhito The election lo he held at The house af Innns Wooley." Ilretimis were held in ull these townships March B1, 1867, la rhoost Jastires of the Peace


At The election of vity utbrers, the following were chosen Clerk and Breorder, Inun> SIud1 ; Treasurer, John Vaiter , Sheriff, Maurier Baker ; l'oraner, Frederick Banmis: County Comtoissiuters, Saminel $. Gribam, Sainuel l'ampbell nol Innes Shepperd. Tho Judge of the Criruit Purt m'as John Trst, oml the Assoemile Judges nere Willium Peuthet und Chupman Deuten The Prosecuting Milurney uns teremish Sollnian, w.hu, nitt the Judge, ruabled in Jefferson County.


The present conuty ufficurs ore : 1'lerk, Juseph & Richey ; Auditor. l'lensont "' MeGamon , Recorder, Jobn & silver , Treasurer, itirami Ellioil. Sherin, Within B. Willson. The County Commissioners arr Joseph V. Sunth, D'luned Marsh and Charles E. Correl. John G. Birkshire, uf Binley Condly, is Julge of the Circuit Court


The old srillers of this county mel nt Paris, in September, 1875, and fermiel n temporary organization, with a view of making il permanent during the coming year.


The first courts irere hebl in un old log school house in Vernou In 1818, n conri luise itus erected of brick, the contractor being John Burns. This was used in the year 1559, when the present ons uns built, and in connection with it the county jail.


The first juil uns a log girneture, erreled in the year 1817, und ins six. leen by vighiern fert in dimensions. I4 construction iros like all similar buildnige, the lug4 hving of unk, hrurd one fort square, and the euds notched so ns to ebalde the tags Iu fit closely together. This remmined lill the year 1811, when the second jail, Imih of stone und brirk, uns erreled. This structure is still slutling The third juil uns erected, in commection with the court house, in the year 1850, Both are under the same roof, and cost The conuty 27,100


The asylum on the por is a substantial hrick cdifire, standing on the county Inrm, und wis eierted ul # cod of $10,000. The forin conluins 200 veres uf land, und at present supports nluit fitty inmmies. Il is ut u cun- renient ,listaore from the county sent.


VIIINOV.


The net of the Legislature organizing the enunty ujqminted Commissioners In select a loentiini for the vent of justice. A sjed of ground our-hnlf muile sonthirest of Vernon emne in competition with the letter plure, before the l'omnimissioners, tout firo of irban nere in furnr of the present locution. Hawerer, thy futuence of John Ynister seenreil the runseul of the utbers.


offer of Inud, for- n ennuty sral, to the fomumssimmers, with the following conilinona: First, that the euunty arel Ins Ioruled ou The lonation ; second, that tho eastern part of funn ie forvier ofpou ipl camnqu to the ritizens of enid town aul connty ; third, Thot un poirt of the dunntious, considered a4 public ground, should eror he disposed of in ouy wuy other than for the purpose of erecting juthlio buildings In mildition to n dountion of lund for iby turu, they proposed lo gue mo nerrs for u burying ground, mund three lots of oue aere each for jiluces of religious worshipen sehaol hougr4. They nlyo obligated thicuisvives la por $100 in ensh, birelre mouths after dute. The County Cownu summers neurdet Ihrve propositions. Vanter Ind sur- reyed some of the ground into lals before This time, and mumel the town Vernon. He had, however, sold his lots in Detober, 1813.


After Ilv biulian of Iund mund organization of the county, Vuwier wny nppointed County Ageut, nail irny ordered to surrvy his donution und sell the lots al quildie sule, on the lith dny of June, 1817, unon the following Terius. dochfth uf the purchase price, ensh ; the balance in three rqunl uunbol payments, nith interest. A reduction of 8 per erul. weus In be unde In tlust who paid cash lis hond as agent ina fixed al $15,00d.


Vernou iras iprorporated as a rily by sperial ucl of the Legistalure, aje- prated January 22, 1871. An rlechon ins urdered on the secowl Momluy in March, 18'1, for city uftniets The city uns divided into five wurds. mid the election re-ulled as follows : "The Councilusen-First Ward, Lucino Bingham, Secod Wurit, Israel ilnngon . Hurd Wurd, Smuon Broukim ; Fourili Wurd, U'rioh Wagner ; Fitth Ward, Hichurd Stoll. Achilles Vairler way electel Mayor ; Lucian Bingham, Clerk ; and Thompsou Gorissuer, Trensuter.


The prevent cily officers nre. Mayor, Juliu B. Miley ; Clerk, Engenr fisboru , und Trewymier, Amos Thomas, The Councilmon ure: First Word, Jumes Intebinson , Seeuund Ward, Silas Bolser, Third Worl, T. B. Beid . Fourth Warl, John Wenzel ; Fifth Ward, W. W. Osborn.


The business of The foun is carried on by live dry groils stores, three grocery stores, Ino ilrug stores, one uvolen factory, one flouring-will, one huh aul spoke factory, and one jinper-will. Their nre four churches, be- longing 10 the Methodlist, Baptisi, Presbyterian mil Christian denomina. liaus. In addition to the support of these, the foun sustains a good gradel schon], under the supervision of Frederick Dunkle Duisiile of the county »col, there are Ini schools in The county, wivler the care of John Carney, County Suprrintrudenl.


Vernou 18 located on the Madison branch of the Jeffersonville, Madison & Indianopolis Railroad, about sixty miles south of the miter place. It is


The pluce contains a population of about nine hundred.


The lirel venspwper published in Veruan was the Vernon Vinfor, eston- lighed in 1830, ley Bundled & Comer. I uns printed uhout four years, and iras succeeded, in 1810, hy the Jenrunys County Proies, established hy John Vuurler. Ii supported Ben. Harrison for The P'reableney, during the famous caurass of 1840 After the courngs. Vnwier sul in Amuy Frost, who rumored it from Veruen.


In 1850, William Stiuchark retaldished the Vrruon Bonner, which is linux the present Veruen puer, noir completed by Elund Wogner


A jeper nos puihlialnelin Veruen, in 182, called the Jeunings Phrmaerat, bol it did not exist were thnu right mouths.


COUNTY HISTORIES .- CONTINUED.


NORTH VERNON


is situated in Section 84, Town 7, lange & east. it was laid out by lager- man Tripp, June 21th, 1864, atul was enlled hy bim, in his plot, " Tripion." Sor cint additions irere mnade to it as additions to Tripion. But ju Juh, 1841, l'abody maile a subdivision of a plat uf ground mljoining Tripton, Abl called his subdivision " North Veruan." By proper authority Triptan uras then elinnged to North Vernon ; and as such the following fvr additions bovr leen onde lo it, riz. :


Remley's addition, August 5th, 1> 74.


Silver's 1 September 15th, 1870.


Conk & Vonner's ndditien, October 27th, 1870.


Fink's January 22J, 1876


Stockwell's = April 20th, 1816.


(11 is proper to state that no addition was ever made to Vornon, the county seul. ]


North Vernon is the principal town of the conaty, coniniging nhaut two thousand people. It is the point where the branch road of the .I., M. & 1. R. I. crosses the O. K M. R. It. A branch rond of The O. & M. R. R. rHus from this point in Louisville, Kentucky, thus giring in direct connectionl with Cincinnati, Mndisou, Louisville, St. Louis and Indianapolis.


There are five churches, and a fine public school builling. It is also n gool business point, and a very healthy place.


situated in Secliou 38, Toun 6, Range S east, was laid out by John S. Theois nul James .4. Stockwell, in 1857. 11 copinins tiro dry goods stores, one boot nud shoe store, anil a post office. 11 is uu The O. & M branch road, six miles from North Vernun. l'opulation one hundred


VERRISK 1.


silunted in Section 7, Town T, Range O east, was laid out by Robert Elliolt, in Norember, 1956. It contains two stores, firo churchr's aud a good school house le on the O. & M. B. R., fire miles northeast of North Vernon. Population, I wo bumitred.


HARRISHTRG.


in Section 10, Town 6 north, lange i cast, was Inid ont by Joseph Lruan, December 18th, 1859. It contains four stores, n Bouring-mill, wue church, a goodl school house and post office. l'opulation, three hnodred. Ti is on the O. & M. R. R.


BUTLERVIILE,


silunied m Section 22, Turn i worth, Runge ? enst, was lan] ont by l'alili & Beuler, in 1856. li conlains three stores, two churches, n good schoul building nud posi uffec. It is on the .1., 31, & 1. R. R. Population, seventy. fire.


HONORABLE MENTION.


Julin Vouler is a Domy Jennings County should ever remember. lle was n noble bin, honest aml opright in all his trousselious, owl a true nuil faith. jal friend.


Col. Smith Vnwier, his sen, has always lohored for the best interests of the cequly. When lolin Morgan inra led ludiaus, iluriug thr unr, Gov. Morlan rollel un the citizens of Jennings county to furnish borses to The Union soldiers, lo nssist in capturing him. The citizens irere a little slow to ausiver the call of the Governor ; un'] Col. Vawier went to them in person, aml give moby of theen his prrsoual obligation for the horses, in nhich he hound himself to pay, if the State of Indiana dil nol.


I D. New is un able pud successful lowrei. lle now represents this chstriel in Congress.


SHELBY COUNTY.


Shelby County is in the central portion of the Stofe, and its northwest corner comes willen n few miles of the State Capitol. It is one of the wealthiest counties in Indiann, nud maks as third in point of agricultural inlue. In 1875, the Sime Board of Equalization assessed its taxable land al $34.2 per acre, und there being 255,525 seres returned, as such their inmue umouuled to $2,761,972. The improvements thereon amounted lo $826,060. The number of town lois in the county is 2,247; these, with Their improvements, were assessed nt $1,083,350, and the personal properly was returned af :1,940, 725, in all innking a total tax value of $13, 502,707 The largest low'n in the county is the county seal, containing a population of about four thousand ; hence the wealth of Shelby County is mainly due to the nnlive fertility of the soil, and the high state of cultivation il has olinined. As nu indication of this latter, the roads leading to all parts of the county may he ented. There is hardly a highway in the entire county nol graded und grareleil, and not a road lending into the county seal Ibni is not in this condition nol kept in good repair. Consequently the formers enn bring their produce lo marker at all seasons of the year, and often use a lime for such work when little else could be done.


The soil is the allurium of river beds and soud, with n slight mixture of eloy. On the uplands this Intier preinils lo n considerable degree, oud re- quires under ]ruining to tanke it equnl in value to the soil of the bolivros, or Ilini bonlering on the water courses. This is irell understood by the majority of the formers nnd file draining is extensively junelieril Tins svil is more pro- ductive of fruit Than any other, especially apfiles. The more leikler i arielles do helter where sandstone exists, and where ridgry proleet auch fruits from cold blasts aud "cold suaps," and the sinaller rerieties of berries ale grown, and yield profitoble rriuros.


TIMBER.


The conply, before the advent of the white mon, was corered with n grand grurth of forest trees, and isas the "hunting groundl" of the Delaware Tribe of Indiana. These found plenty of gmue in The foresty abd tu ofmindlance of fish in the sirvanis. Poplar, onk, hickory, wolont, beech and sugar free grew, in all their unire majesty, muud when the first


setller opened u rleuring in which he might reise his erop of maize, he eut down and burned many n free that noir nonhl be of great ralne in the mna- ofmyinter. The majority of the walnut has been ent off in supply the dr. mnods of that tenie, mul but little of that kind of timber remains. Poplor, hickory mul ush ore plenty, and me beginning to be used in the mountir- ture of Mirnilure, Hickory is used mainly in thr manufacture of wagony und marringes,


BUILDING STONES.


Flat Deck Creek courses through the rennty in the southrustern pari. Where it leures Deentur Conuty-peur The village of St. l'and in the lotter enmi -- is un extensive quarry, kuoun ns the " St. Paul building stone." Tine quality of Nugurn limestone is found below Greensburg, and also along the entire hed ant blut-Rank Creek in ily course through Shelby County. Where the milrond eresses this creek, the sine is quarried und side tracks linve hiren exteuilvil up the creek to St. I'mul, and down the same stresin some distance mio the county. This stube is extensively used inthe cities ju ereeling large buildinga, und, as the mihvny is extended down Fiul Rock freek, Transportation is improveil and business increased.


AGRICULTIL


Ihring ta the fine yuuhty of the guil, farming occupies the allention of the miyority of Shelly County citizens. Thr improved system of Lightsays, und thy specily transport of all fin'm products afforded hy the rafftowls, enable the former lo witmu the highest market price for his produce. Whent undl corn are the manin articles roisel ; the latter being nearly all fel 10 slock, which goes to the Indinapolis, Cincinanti nul Lonisrille markets


The Agricultural Society was organized in the year 1872. John Blessing was mude l'resulent, amil A. JJ. Horgas, Beorel ury. The fir grounils contiin fifty- lwo neres, und are sitnutel at n coni enieat distance fiat the county seul. They are beautifully sludet, nuit cantam n race-track one butf mile in length. The conaly is now Thickly sefiled by on enterprising class of cilizens. Furnis, improred ar unimprored, comunand high prices, anit scarcely on neer remains that loes net, in some way, contribute ils sure to the support uf the people.


L.InLF SETTLEMENTS


By the terms of the Irenty with the Delaware Tribe of Indiuns, they were alloweil to remain till the yeni 1820, and the settlers, for the nrst tro years of their habitation iruhm Ihr bounds of this county, had Indians for their neighbors, who, huu erer, were friendly


The first seitler wus James Willson, whose sen Isuse was the first white child born in the conaly, and who is still living at the county gral Mr. Willson enme, in the year IsDI, lo Franklin l'ounty, n here he retnined till the year 1×18, when he settled in Shelby County, ou the banks of Blue Hiver, nboul four intes north of the present county sent. The county was then eos- limed in the Brunkiille Land District.


This was before The land in Shelby County ivus surreyrd. Mr. Me Laugh. lin, the Gprernment Surreyor, and bis assistant, minde Mr. Willson's cabin their headquarters while they were surreying in present Shelly County. When the surrey was completed, in 1819, Mr. Willsou's cabin was found to he in Sretion 1G, Town 13, Hauge T enst


At the time he settled here, hus nearest noighhar irns Richard Thornberry, who lived on Big I'lat Rock Creek, where Whitset's trace crossed it, 18 miles muy His next nenriet neighbor uns Jacob Whilsell, who lived below the bluffs uf White River, o ilistance of thirty miles )Ir. Willson alfunded the lonil sales ut Brookville, Franklin County. Indiqua, in 1820, and pour. chused the southwreal quarter of Sretion 1, Township 13 north, Range 7 east. This he mmde his hunmno nutil he died, in 1824.


Huring the year 1819, The Following families cuure and sefiled, riz .: Ben- nel Michnel and family ; Benjumu Custer, wife, il tiro children ; Jebu Foman nind firanly ; and John Smith and fulnily.


In the spring uf 1821, a settlement wus unde in, or bear, the present Jorntion of the town of Moriah. The cotunnuy consisted of the Rosilen fum. ly, the Sleeth nud Elogues futnilies, Darid Fisher, John Fox, Abel Samers, ani O. Ritirohouse. lu the same year, another setllement was made in the northeastern portion of the count}, urur the presrut lorntion of Morristown, by Abel fide, Seth Cole, Irn Brilvy, Peroy Smith, John Hewitt nod .John Walker, with their famhes In the full of 1821, the first settlement in the tresteru part of the ronny wny comunemed, four miles west of Shelbyrille, hy Jomes and Hudson Ray, Juhu Nail, John Byrrly, Willintu Goodrich, Henry Gutewooll, Judin 31. Young ninl Antey Davidsen, with Their families.


Abel Somers ond Nnuey Sleeth were the first couple joined in matrimony. ler. Heury Lognu, o Baptist onoister, performed the ecremom. This occurred in 1822, and seren years elnpard before uny cenplo became tired uf wiurriel lifo anil applied for dirorer In tho year 1829, Charity Farr obtained a ilirorer Timm her husband, Juseph Forr.


In the year 1811. Benjamin Chater erected The first brick house ju lhe county, aud The amino year John Y Confor huilt oue in Shelbyville,


The Methodists ereriedl the first meeting house, and apeued it for puldie worship in 1840. The llov. Payne and murs turius were the first Metho- dist pienehers nf thr county. Ten lirel ju Rush County. The bratscher pre of the enunly irny Henry Logan, n Baptist minister.


The rarliest sehinol teneber was Jonnihun 3. Wilson, nud his was the first srbool langhi in Marion mu 1823.


The first und in the count way huik in ley1, hy luhn Walker, on the shine ground the flouring-mill how stands on in Shelbyrille.


A court house was built uf brick in 1826, in nlint is called the " public squnre." The contractor uns n man by the unme of Bushtield, who has n Unnghier, Mrs. Jniney Walker, still livingin the county.


Al This Ime, the three Jenling men of the county nere Jobu Hendricks, Hiram Aldrige aud John Walker, cheh of whom insisted on linving the door of the court house on the side next his home. The minller way compromised by winking three ontsulle doors- south, nest and north fronts, thuy pleasing nil parties.


When IErmin Aldridge up nppointed Clerk of the county. in 1822. his house was just over the line, in lurtholomen County. llis smoke house nas in Shelly County. When informed of this fael, he mmaved over into his smoke house


The first railroad track Inid west of the mountains, and north of the Ohio Rirer, tras loid from Shelbyville one mul que-fourth miles south, in 1838. A greal barheruy wos held, nul ser erul earn were pulled out to the grounds by horses lenae Wilson gmi e $1.50 in wilrer to lake hunself and lady out on the Train, bul, owing to the cronil, could not get mbourd.


Benjamin Willinius nos the first innn liceused to keep In ern in Shelly County. He received hus permil from the Circuit Court, Mir 24, 181 ;.


John Hrudricks received lus liernse lo sell foreign merchuudise at the saine feriu. He wos the first morehunt of the county .


COUNTY ORGINIZATION.


Shelly County ins organized uuder ou net of the Legislature, approved December 31st, 1841. The officers of the county received their appointment mul emumissions fram foreruor Jennings, Aprit 26th, 1822. The Shelby Circuit Court wet at The house of Davidl l'isher, on Thursday, the 10th dny of Mny, 1822. Frrumut, the Associate luilges, John Slcelli anil William Goodrieli. The first Julgo of the Circuit Court wus William W Wick, whw received his eommlasion April 26th, 1822, hut did not oppenr until the May term of 182".




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