Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Indiana, Part 23

Author:
Publication date: 1876
Publisher: Baskin, Forster & Co.
Number of Pages: 472

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In this disastrous action, St Clair losl thirty nine officers killeil, and fire Immilred aud mhely-three men killed and missing . firenty-tiro ollieers and Two humilred au forly men irounded. The stores and other properly lost in the engagement were vulued al $32.810.15. Following The forinnes of their husbands, there were ohout twu bundred and fifty women in the ormy, few of whom escaped the carnage of That terrible ilay-Noremhier 4. 1101. The loss of the Mianus nod their confederates probably did not exverd oec bun Ired aud fifty killeil nad wounded.

In February, 17!2, about Three months after the battle, an expection ans sont oul nudler lien. Wilkinson to recorer the cannon, but it syns not found. The opinion of the Geliral ins thot it had either been huried or thrown into the creek and ins then corereil with ice.

EFFORTS TO ESTABLISH PEACE WITH THE INDIANS

The defeat of the expedition uniler Gov. St. I toir disappointed the expec- lutions of The Unitedl Sites und ninemed the inhabitants of the western ilis- Itiets of l'eunsylvanin and Virginin, so that for tho limo being the tide of immigmlion which had been selfing into the Northwestern Territory is checked. From this period till August, 1103, the government of the United States couhinued to make rfforts to establish freuties of piener with the Indiana. Comnnssioners nice sent out fornisbet with copies of the falluu . mig treaties : 1. A copy of the treaty of Fort Sinnuix, made Heloher 22, 1784 2. A copy of tho irenty of Fort Melntosh, monde .Inbuary 21, Jis5. 3. A copy of the treaty made of the month of the tirent Multi, Jonunry 31. 178G. J. Copies of the trenties moule al Fart Murmur, Jamiey 0, 1289. The Commissioners were instrneled to assure The Imilions in the strungist and most explicit terms thul the United States renoneed ull eluims lo mi) Indian lupus that bind hol heen ceded by fair freutes tumle with the Intinn nubieny. All hostilities were officinlly drelared suspended iluring the jen- Irney of these negoliutious. Gen, Anthony Wayne, nho bud suceredel Gor. St. Clair ny Commander-in-Chief of the many, issned n urechimution informing the people of the frontiery of the proposed nitempt to cunebude n I moty of pence, uml prohibit ing ull offensive morements of the whites north- west of the Duio Rirer.

In Mareb, 170, Moj. Amintrauch concluded a treaty of pence writh n fen Emnull parties of The Wea nud Fel River Indians al Vineennes, amit about the same fiun seul ont serernl messengers to the hostile trikes.

Tho messengers, Trichum mid tierard, sent from l'art Washington hy Gen. Wilkinson, on the fth of April, 1792, after being reevired in n friendly manner hy the Minmis, were killed by them ns spies, the Twohans heemming mistrustful on necount of the many questions asked by the messengers con- ceruing the number of the Irilies, The course of the streams, uml ether items uf information. &bont The 20th of MEny, 1792, Maj. Alesamler Trimmmu, of the First United Sinles Rrghurut, nud Col. John llardin, of lientnoky, luft Forl Washington with copies of a speech from I'resident Washington to fur hostile Indians. This speech uddressedl thew in the mast caneilintury mauser, urged them to ilesist from unr, unil assured them thatjustice should be dane them by The United States in respect to all the Irenties wherein they had euiled Iteir Ianily to the government. These officers lost their lives on their mission uf peuer, The place anil circumstances of their ilenth heing invalied in nueel ininly. It appears prubatile, from a ileposition mndo by William May before Gen. Wayne on the Ilth uf Desober, 1792, That the Indians nagussiamical Moj. Temman in a most duyhardly und treacherous manner. 11 appears that Trumon, his waiter, Lynch, oud the interpreter, Smalley. having fallen in tenth un ludinn oud un hutlinn buy, were nbont to spend the night with them ; seemg the Emliun and ony preparing lo bruve, Triun enqntred the conse, and was informed that, ihrre being three le fun, the white inen might injure them in the night, whecenpon Truman toht then they night tie his undd his servant, which they ilid. The moment Trmunn wns lied, the Indian womahowked und sculped him and then dispatched his irniter in like munnec. How Sulley estapied ne nce not informeil.

On the 27th of September, 1792, Brigadier General Putnam eanchudled a trealy uf peace and friendship with thirty-one ludinus of the Wuhash und Hlinois Icibes nt Vincennes. This Irealy, however, wuy nut stified by the Uniteil Miales.

lu July, Anguel und September, 1792, a gronil council of hulinus nas held us the raguils of the Maumee. Several chiefs ut the Six Nations attend- ed this council at the request of the Serieinry of War, nudl emlenvared 10 pershuile the uther tribes lo enter inta n tienty ut pence with the Uuited States, but their efforty wore uunuecesstul. The conucil determined that

209

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF INDIANA .- CONTINUED.

They would manko no treaty thul wanlit confirm or neknuwledge the chim of The Uniteit Siales to nuy jioption of the territory northwest of the Ohio River, und broko up on the 10th of October.

On the 2d of March, IT9d, tho President of the United States appointed Benjamin Lincoln, of MInywachusetla ; Beverly Hundolph, of Virginia , unil Thaothy Pickering, of Pennsylvania, Commissioners, for the purpose of negaliuting pence with the Imliana of the Northwestern Territory. In the indretions giren to these Commissioners occurs the following language : "With respect In the treaties male between the United States and the ger- cral hostile Inhes siure tho peace with Great Britain, in 1783, it is in ho olserreil that the treaty of Fort Harmar, made in Inmunry, If&p, is regardel us haring heen formed on solid ground-tho principle being that of a fair purchase and salo. The government cousiders ihr six Nations whe claimedl iho lande hy rirtne of former conquests, lying heliveen the Ohio aml Lake L'rie, which were ceded and confirmed to the United States hy said Irenty with snill Six Nations, together with the Wyandluis, Deluiures, Hauns nul other western bintiuns, who were the actual occupants of the Ininds as the proper au ners thereof, that they had a right to courcy the mid lands to the Umteil Sistes, umil That they ilid necordingly make tho sund conreysnce will their free consent nod full undorstanding Yan are In uwlersland explicitly thut the United States connot relinquish nuy of the Ituels of lumls which they (the budiuns) have alremily grunteil."

The Imlians desired to have the conseil behl nb British territory, and that they might advise with The British anthuirities as to the fairness if the Terms proposeil ; to this the Commissioners ucceiled, mul tho council iras accorilingly appointed al Fort Ningora, aud lo he hebl in the presence of Lieutenant Governor Shmueve, of Upper Cunudu. The Commissioners arriveil of Nary llull, the residence of Gov. Simcoe, irhero the council irny hell, in the month of May, 1793. The council remained in session till the 10th of July. The notorious Capt. Brandi was one of the leading spirits on the side of the confederate Imilinus. In n speech on the ith of July he mid : "BrofArra -The people you see here are sent to represent the Indian batiuns u his own the lanils north of the Ohio os their common property, und icho are nil of one minil, one heutl." lle sinted that une leodiug olijeet of the coun- cil was o to know if the Americany were properly authorized to run and establish n berv boun tury line between the lands of the United States and of the hulinn nations. The l'ommismoners, on the following dluy, returned miter explicitty that they hud such authority. The council broke up withent concessioni on either sile. Gov. Simcoe wirised the hudinus to make peace with the United States, but not to give up their lands.

In the 30th of July, 1793, n conbeil uns held at the mouth of Delrni! Ihrer, belireen tho Commissioners amit tho confederate Irihes. . At this emin" t'il the lundinos prevented Their ultiantim is fallotys. "If you seriously Irsign to make it firmi and Insting pence, you will immediately remme all your people froin our ade of that river"-the D>bio. The Commissionery answered Ilisi, in view of the settlement minde with Great Britain, and all tho Iresties which hul been subsequently minte, it was impossible for the United States lu needle In their proposition. They said to The council : " The Comtuis- sinners of The United States Intre forinerly set up a cinitu lu your whole cumtry southirurd of the great lakes as the property of the United States, grunnling this olnim en the Irealy of peace with your futher, the King of firent Brituin, who drelareil, is un huve before meulionel, the middle of Those lukes, and the waters which nile them, to be the boundaries of the United States. .

+ The United States wish lo hare cun- fimmel ult the lands certeil to them by the treaty of Fort Harinar, and also a Bluell Traet of liul ni the rapils of tho Ohio claimed by Gen. Clurk for the ure of himself nud his warriors " These remarks isere followed by this generous proposition on the part of the Commissioners: " In consideration Thereof, the United States would gire such n large sum in money ur goods as Hus Deter given at one time for nuy quantity of ludian louds siuce lhe while penade first sel their fool on this islandl." To all this they turned a Arif e ir, or rather, ironically proposed to tho Commissioners that They should expend the lurge sum of money ullered them for their lands in removing the white settlers lu the east side of the Ohin. This nad subsequent conucily broke up hy the lintiuns funlly refusing to Irent with the United States.

The Irnee which hal existed during the pendency of theso wegotintinns, wris tour suspendeil, mindl & resort lo orms iras mule necessary hy the stub- formuesy nuil prerady of the Indians. Meanwhile, Gen. Wayne had heen recruiting, organizing and drilling bis forcey, preparatory lo that finnl sirng- gle with the savages which tens to determine the settlement att civilization of the Northwesteru Territory.

EXPEDITION OF REN. ANTHONY WAYNE.

In the morning of the 30th of luuo, 1194, the Iulians, assisted by a small number of British oud Chnudiun volunteers, commenced hostilities by making an attack on n company of ridenicu anit dragoons, commandeil hy Woj. We Mnhon, under the walls of Fort Recovery Sereral ntincks were made upun the fort. tu these engagements the Atroricans lost liventy-lite mra killed, thirty wounded, three missing and tivo hundrat ail tirenty- one horses. The ludinos left eight er len warriors deal on the field, although they probably gol nuny wosl of their sluin by torchlight during ibo night. This action of the luitings calleit far n forward movement ou the part of Den. Wayne.

On the Zuth of July, sixteen burlreil wunufeil voluulcers frout Kentucky Joquied The standard of Wayne af Greenville. These irero commanded by Mujor lieneral Sroll. Ou the 28th, the united uriuy commenced ils unirch fit The luding lowus on the Mauvee. Al a paint about tivealy-four milea north of Fort llecorery, ou the bunk of tho St. Mary's, Wnyue erected and garrisoned Fort Adams. From this point, the army mored ou the 4th of Jegusi, miul on the 8th arrived at the coulluence of the Auglaize nul Minu- ince llivers. llere he creeled Furl Defianco, a strong stockade, with four gooil block housey; nuit, offering the enelby the last overture ef peace, Ins prepareil for u forwardl movement. On the 15th of August, 1744, Wayne mured with his forco on the British fort nl the foot of the mapiils of tho Monttuee. On the 20th he gained a ilevisivo victory over tho ludian army ; the battle hetog fought almust within reach ef the guns of the fort, on the left bank of The Muumre Rivor lu his repurl of this engagement to the Sreretry of War, Geu Wayne thus wrote:

" It is with ufinite pleasure thin! | now annunuce to you tho success of the Federn! ornis uudor iny command, in n general notion with the combined force of the hostilo ludians, nud n considerable number of tho volunteer militia of Detroit, on the 20th institut, on the banks of tho thumee, in the vicinity of the British post aud garrison, ol the foot of the rapuly. * *

From every account, tho onemy muounted to tuo thousand celui- buinots. The troops nolually engageil agniust them were short of nine hundred. This hordo uf savages, with their allies, ubamiloned thomsolves to Highl, nud dispersed with terror nail ilisniny, leaving our victorious nrmy in full and quiet possession of the field of hallle, which terminated under the Influcuco il' the guns of the British gnivison. # *

1 + bruvery util courfuel of uvery officer belonging to the army, from the Gen- eral down to the eusigns, morit ung highest approbation. * The woody wore girou'n for a considerable distanco trith the dend bodies of Indians aud their whito auxiliories, the latter armed with British muskels Bail hayohols.

" Wo reuninoil three iluys nud uighis un the leuke uf the Maumeo in freul of the field of battle, during which titue all the houses und corn fiolds were cousuined and destroyed for it considoruble disinnov both nhuve and below Forl Miumi, ag woll ns within pistol-shot of tho garrisun, who were compelled to romuiu lavil speelators of the general devesfiction und contin. gration, among which wore the houses, stores and proporty of Col. Mchoc,

The British Indian agent and principal simulator of the war now existing hetween tho United States and The eavages."

M the time of this halilo, August 10th, the British garrison | Fort Minmi) consisted of tivo humired mund fifty regulurs and Livo hundred militin, with tho following artillery: Four wine- pounders, two large how- itzera, six six- poundera und Iwo swivels ; and it is said flint reinforcement+ ivere hourly expected from Fort Niagaro. Forl Minmi stond on the porili- west hank of the auumneo River, neur tho present site of Maumee fity, ILI Lucas County, Ohio.

Iminedintely after the action nhove described, the American army moved idowu the northwestern bank of Ibe Munmee, and encamped within viety of the British fort, where they remained from the afternoon of the 20th uf August lo ihnt of the 23d. While bero, u corresponilence took place liet ween Muj. Campbell commanding al tho fort, and Gen. Wayne, in which the former officer derounded an explanation of the presence of an American nemny in such menacing proximity to a British fort in n limo of pence with Great Britain. Gen. Wayne answered like a Irue American : " Here you entitled lo nu answer, the most full and satisfactory one was announced to you from the muzzles of my small arms yeslorday morning in the action against the herle of savuges in the vicinity of your fort, which terminaled to glorionely to The American arms : hul hnd il continued until the Indians, etc., were driven under the influence of the post and guns yon meution, they would not have much imperled the progress of the victorious ammy under my com. mand, as no sueb posi was established at the coinmencement of the present war betiveen the Indians aud the United States." Several lettery passed between the respectivo officers, hul no attack wua male on either side.

Ou the H4th of September, 1794, Gen. Wayne moved from Fort Defiance to The confluence of the St. Joseph's and St. Mary's Rivers, and cuinmeneed The erection of Fort Wayne. The fort was campleled October 22d, and gar- risoned with n strong dolachment of infairy and artillery uniler Col. John F. Huntramck. A new fort way built on tho some site in 1814. On the 18th of October, 1794, lien. Wayne, with the main body of the army, returned lo Greenville, where he established his headquarters for the winter. From this point be sent messengers with rengivel overlures of peace to The ilefealeil Indians, wybu, after the hutile of the 20th of August, hul retired to the borders if Maumee Bay, inritiog them to il general coun- cil al Forl Greenville, to ralify a Treaty of peace with the United Sinles. The Initiaus, however, did not immerlintely respond, fur they still had hope of assistance from the British. But this ivas cut off hy a Irealy of peace and amily between the United States und Great Britain, concluded nl London on the litth of November, 1794 The King of Great Britain agreed to withdraw all his Troops and garrisons from the territory of the United states on or before the first day of June, 1796.

THE TREATY OF GREENVILLE.

The council al which the whove trenly wns milopled ins in session ul Greenville from the loth of June lill the tilh of August, 1793. The cause of ils prolongation wus that mouny of the leading chiefs were unwilling In accepd the primary condition of negolinlion, namely, the treaty of Fort Harmer, upon which Gen. Wayne insisted as a necessary prerequisite to the consideru- lion of the other questions ni issue. Much time was taken up in the discus. sion of this preliminary ilifference. The council, on both sides, ins the nbleni, perhups, thal erer convened for a like purpose on the continent. Speeches Were made thul ivoulid havu ilone honor lo civilizedl legislatire assemblies. The questions ivere iboroughly discussed in all their bearings. The Indinn speakers displayed remarkable knowledge and shrewdness, and Gen. Wayne showed himself equally great in the peculiar diplomney required lo meel tho exigencies of the occasion ag he had been in conquering n peace ivith his Inilian foes. The treaty wus sigoel on the 3d of Angust, 1795. After n second reading and explunntion in open council, Gen. Wayne said. " Brothers :- All you nations, now present, listen! You How bure had a second lime the proposeil articles of Irenty read anil explained to you. h is new time for the negotiation to draw lo a conclusion. I shall, therefore. ask each nation individually if they upprore of anil are prepareit lo sigu these artioley in their preseut form, Thut they muy he itamediately engrossed for Ilnl purpose. 1 shull begin with the Chippewas, who, with the others, ucho upprobulo the measure, wid signify Their usgent. You, Chippewas, do you upprore these articles of treaty, und are you prepared to sign them' [A Itannimons unsiver-Yes. ] You, Oftanas, do you agree? [A nuanimous nngiver-Yes.] You, Poffawuffoinies! (\\ unanimous answer -- Yes.] You, Wynndois, do you agree! [A unanimous susirer-Yes ] You, Delniwares ? [A itamimous muswer-Yes. ] You, Shairnees? [A nonutions unswer -Y'ew. ] Yon, Minmis, do you agree? [A ununimony unawer-Yes. } You, Weas?" [A unanimous auswer- Yes. ] You, Kickapoos, do you agree"

In this Irealy, the Iniliuns nhore nmued cedei to the United states most ef the land included in the present State of Ohio, irest of The Tusestatra branch of the Muskingum River. If extended from thut peim west lo Fort Recorery, on u brauch of the Wubash, and thence southivardly to the Obio River, intersecting the Intter opposite the mouth of the Keuturky Rirer, in- cluiling a small portion of the southeastern part of the present Site of IndiaLa.

li will throw seme light on the importaal posis nod routes through the country al Thut perio1. to notice the other cessions of small quantities of hind undde by tho loilius al tho freuty of Greenville. "The ludian Tribes do ulse vede to the United States the following pieces ol land, lo-iril : 1. One pieco of Innd six miles yquure, at or neur boruinie's store. 2. Ilne piece two tuile's squuro, at the head uf tho nariguhle unters, or landing, on lho SI. Muep's River, near Gurty's low'n. 3. Uue piece six miles square, at the hend of tho norigalile waters of the Auglaize Rirrr 4. One piece atx miles Bure, tho conleuco of the Anglize ud Minuti { }lumee) Rivors, here Fort Defiance noir slands 5. One piece six miles square, ut or Drar the confluence of the rivers SI. Mary am St. Joseph, where Forl Warue now slands, or near it. b. Ono piece firo milos square, ou the Wulush River. nl the out of the portage from the Minmi ef The inke ( Maumee) and about ciglu pules teslivard frow Forl Warne. 7. One piece six miles square, al the Quialeuon, or olil Wen, lowFus, on the Wabush Hirer. s Que picco qu'elvo miles square, nl the British post ou the Alianti ( Maumee), of the Tool of the rapide. 9. One piece six miles square, at the mouth of said rivor, where il entpijes inte lho luke. 10. Onto picer six miles square, upon Sau- ilusky Lake, where u fort formerly stool. 11. Que prece live miles square, al tho loiver rapids of tho Naudusky Ruer. 12. The post of Defroil alul all The laun to the north, the west uud ibo south of it, of which the Indian titlo hus beeu extinguished, by gifts or grants lo the English or French govern- queDIN, nuil so much more laud to be sunexed lo ,bo district of Detroit as shull bu comprobenileit between the River Rosine on the south, Lake SI. Clair ou the north, und a lino the general course whereof shull bo six muiles distaul fretu the isest vud of Lako Krie ami Doliuit Rilpr. 13. The post at Miehili- tancinie ( Mackinaw'), and all the lund on the island of which flint pust slanils, und tbe mouin laud adjacent, of which the hutinu fille hns been oxlin- guished, br gifts or grants tu the I'reuch or English goveriuneuls, smul u piece of land ou the main, lo the north of the istaund, to measure six miles on Lake Hurun, or the straits hol ween Lake Huron und Lake Michigan, oud to extend three miles back from the water of the lake or strait, and also the istund Hollvis Bluge, being an extra aul voluntary gift of the Chippewa gutten. 11 Duo piece of Inmil six miles square, ul the mnnuth of the Chiengo River, cuplying into the south west enil of Lake Michigan, where & fort formerly stoort 15. One piece tivelse miley square, at or ueur the mouth of the Illinois River, emplying into The Mississippi. In One piece sis miles square, al the l'eoria fart aul village, ueu the south ctul of Illinois Lake, oll said Illinois River'

Hen. Wuyne having conchideil this important treaty with the lodians, a full nad constaol lide of immigration began to flow into the Northwestern Territory from the Eastern and Middle Siales.

Hov. SI. Clmir ant Judges Symucs and Turner mel af Cincinnati on the 29th of May, 1795, and made ant adopted thirty eight important additional Inws for the government of the Territory.

tien. Wayne ilied al Presque Isle on the 15th of December, 1796, and uunn his death, Gen. James Wilkinson was investel with the command of the Army of the Wesl.

Before the close of 1796, the British garrisons, with arms, artillery and stores, were wilbrawn from the boundaries of the I'niteil Slales, northwest of the IJhio River. The evacuated fort al Detroil was taken possession of by Capl. Moses Purter, with a detuchment of United States troops, July 12, 17'nt. In September, Winthrop Sargent, Secretary of the Northwestern Territory, proveeiled lo Detroit, erected the county of Wayne and established the civil ontbority of the United States in that quarter.

By an act of Congress, approvel April 1, 17.19, the Territory of Missis- sippi was established. Winthrop Sargent was nominated to the office of Gorerpor anil was confirmed by the Senole on the 7th of Mny. On the 16th of .Inue, William Henry Horrison wne nomiupled to the Secretaryship of the Northwestern Territory and iwas confirmed by The Senale on the '28th of the smue mouth.

LEGISLATURE OF THE NORTHWESTERN TERRITORY

On The 24th of October, 1799, Gov. St. Clair issued a proclamation calling for an election le be held on the third Mondny in December, to elect Repre- senialires to a Ujeneral Assembly, which way ordereil to convene al Cincin- nati on the 22d day of January, 1709. The Representatives ivere elected andt mel ot Cincinonli at the time appointed. In accordance with the ordi- nance of 1787, Ien persons ivero nominated, out of whom the Presideal of the limited States was authorized to select five as themhers uf the Legislative Council of the Terrilury. The meeting was then adjourned hy Gov. SI. Clair, lo convene ngain on the Mith of September, IT:19. On the 2d of March, President Adams selected from the list of The fen nominees the names of Jacoh Burnel, James Findlay, Heary Vanderburgh, Robert Oliver and David Vauce, and nominated these persons as the Legislative Council of the North- western Territory. The nominalions were confirmed on the day following by the Seante of the United States.

The first mceling of the Territorinl Legislalure occurred al Cincinnati, September 16, 1700. On the 24th, the tivo Houses were duly organized, Heury Vanderburgh being elected President of the Council, William C. Schenk, Secretary, and Ahner Cary, Sergeant-at- Arms.

The names of the members of the House, with the counties they repre- sented, u'ere as follows :

Hamilton County-William Goforth, William MeMillan, John Smith, John Ludlow, Robert Benham, Aaron Callwell and Isaac Martin.

Ross County-Thomas Worthington, Samuel Finley, Elias Langham and Edward Tiffin.

Wayne County-Solomon Shley, Charles F. Chohert Je Joucarie ond Jacoh Vtager.

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Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Indiana, Part 23

Author: Publication date: 1876 Publisher: Baskin, Forster & Co. Number of Pages: 472

Author:
Publication date: 1876
Publisher: Baskin, Forster & Co.
Number of Pages: 472