USA > Michigan > Official directory and legislative manual of the State of Michigan for the years 1893-4 > Part 37
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CIRCUIT COURTS.
In 1824 the three judges of the Supreme Court were required to hold an annual term in each of the counties of Wayne, Monroe, Oakland, Macomb and St. Clair, and were authorized to hold special sessions in Crawford, Brown and Michilimack- inac counties, whenever deemed advisable "in their sound discretion." In 1825 Circuit Courts were established by name, but were still held by the judges of the Supreme Court. The Circuit Court was given criginal jurisdiction in all civil actions at law where the demand exceeded $1,000, of actions of ejectment, of all criminal cases punishable capitally, and of all cases not exclusively cognizable by other courts, concurrent jurisdiction with county courts in civil actions beyond the jurisdiction of justices of the peace, and of criminal offenses not punishable capitally, and appellate jurisdiction from county courts. The circuits were not changed by this act of 1825. Another act was passed in 1827, repeating the essen- tial provisions of the acts of 1824 and 1825, and providing for two more circuits, viz .: Washtenaw and Lenawee. The same discretionary powers as to holding terms in Crawford, Brown and Michilimackinac counties were continued.
In 1833 the county courts in all the counties of the territory east of Lake Michigan except Wayne were abolished and their places supplied by " the Circuit Court of the territory of Michigan." It consisted of one Circuit Judge for the entire circuit, and two Associate Judges for each county. The Circuit Judge was appointed for four years and the Associate Judges for three. The court had both chancery and common law jurisdiction, and was given original jurisdiction of civil cases at law and crimes not within the jurisdiction of a justice of the peace and appellate jurisdiction of such as were. It might also determine questions of law arising on motions for new trial or in arrest of judgment. The Circuit Courts already existing were now called Superior Circuit Courts, and were empowered to issue writs of error to the Circuit Courts. William A. Fletcher was Judge of the Circuit Court of the Territory from the organization of that court urtil Michigan became a State.
By act approved March 26, 1836, the State was divided into three circuits, and Judges of the Supreme Court were to perform the duties of Circuit Judges. These courts were given the same powers and jurisdiction as the Territorial Circuit Courts under the act of 1833, except in chancery matters. By the revision of 1846 the Court of Chancery was abolished and chancery powers conferred upon the several Circuit Courts. Since then the jurisdiction of Circuit Courts has been essentially as at present. The constitution of 1850 made the office of Circuit Judge elective, and the term of office six years. The last act affecting the number of circuits was approved May 29, 1891, since which time there have been thirty-three circuits.
408
JUDICIAL SYSTEMS OF MICHIGAN.
PROBATE COURTS.
By act of the Governor and Judges, adopted August 31, 1805, the courts of the several district-, or any judge of the said territory, or the clerk of the court of the district, were authorized to take the proof of wills and grant letters testamentary and of administration. In 1811 provision was made for the appointment in each district of a Register, with essentially the same powers. Finally, in 1818, a Court of Probate was established in each county, to be held by "some able and learned person" appointed by the Governor, from which court appeal might be taken to the Supreme Court. These courts continued in operation until after Michigan had become a State.
The Revised Statutes of 1838 made the office of Judge of Probate elective, for a term of four years. In different cases appeals were allowed to the Circuit. or to the Supreme Court. The revision of 1846 provided for direct appeals to the Circuit Court only. The new constitution of 1850 provided for a Probate Court in each organized county, the Judge of which was to be elected for a term of four years. These are the present Probate Courts.
COUNTY COURTS.
In 1815 County Courts were first established, to be held by one Chief and two Associate Justices appointed by the Governor. They had exclusive jurisdiction over all claims exceeding a justice's jurisdiction and not exceeding $1,000, but no jurisdiction in ejectment. Until 1818 final appeal lay to the County Court from Justices' Courts. Chancery jurisdiction was then given them and provision was made for the appointment of Masters in Chancery. When the act to establish County Courts was passed, Wayne County was the only one organized, and the Dis- trict of Michilimackinac was excepted from the provisions of the act.
After the establishment of Circuit Courts the County Courts began to decline. Much of their jurisdiction was gradually transferred to the Circuit Courts and in 1833 they were abolished altogether in the organized counties east of Lake Michi- gan, except Wayne, by the same act which established the old Circuit Court of the territory. In Wayne County, and in the western counties of the territory, the County Court system was continued until Michigan became a State.
When the Revised statutes of 1846 were under consideration, the Legislature rejected the original chapter 92, which provided for a continuance of the District Courts of the counties of Wayne, Oakland, Washtenaw and Jackson, and, in lieu thereof, inserted provisions for County Courts. In their new form they were held by two judges, elected for a term of four years, and called respectively "County Judge" and "Second Judge." This Court had original and exclusive jurisdiction of all claims above a justice's jurisdiction and under $500, excepting actions of ejectment and proceedings in probate cases. It also had appellate jurisdiction over Justices' Courts. No appeal was allowed in any case determined by a County Court, but cases might be removed to the Circuit Court by certiorari. These Courte were abolished by the adoption of the Constitution of 1850.
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409
JUSTICES' COURTS.
JUSTICES' COURTS.
By an act adopted August 1, 1805, Justices of the Peace were given cognizance of all claims or penalties not exceeding twenty dollars. The manner of proceeding .was by warrant, issued upon application, to bring the defendant forthwith before the Justice. Appeal was allowed by a subsequent act to the court of the district. After the abolition of the latter court in 1810, Justices were given jurisdiction to try, by consent of parties, all cases of a civil nature wherein the demand did not exceed $100. Upon the establishment of county courts in 1815, an appeal thereto was allowed from Justices' Courts.
Justices of the Peace were appointed by the Governor during territorial times. The first State Constitution, however, provided for their election for a term of four years. The Constitution of 1850 contained the same provision.
52
THE STATE JUDICIARY.
THE SUPREME COURT.
CHIEF JUSTICE.
Term expires
FRANK A. HOOKER, Charlotte, . - Dec. 31, 1893.
ASSOCIATE JUSTICES.
JOHN W. MCGRATH, Detroit,
Dec. 31, 1895.
CHARLES D. LONG, Flint,
Dec. 31, 1897.
CLAUDIUS B. GRANT, Detroit,
Dec. 31, 1899.
ROBERT M. MONTGOMERY, Grand Rapids,
Dec. 31, 1901.
Clerk-CHARLES C. HOPKINS, Lansing. Reporter-WM. D. FULLER, Newaygo. Crier-MOSES R. TAYLOR, Lansing.
The salary of each Justice of the Supreme Court is $5,000, and his term of office ten years. The salary of the Reporter, $1,500 and expenses of attending Court; of the Clerk, fees. They are appointed by the Court, and hold office during the pleasure of the latter. The Court holds four terms annually in Lansing, com- mencing on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January, April, June and October.
JUDGES OF CIRCUIT COURTS.
[Terms expire December 31, 1893.]
Circuit.
Name.
Residence.
1
Victor H. Lane
2
Thomas O'Hara
Adrian. Berrien Springs.
George Gartner
Henry N. Brevoort.
3
Cornelius J. Rielly
George Ş. Hosmer
4
Erastus Peck
5
Clement Smith 1
6
Joseph B. Moore.
Lapeer.
7
William Newton
Flint.
8
Vernon H. Smith
Ionia.
9
George M. Buck
Kalamazoo.
§ Chauncey H. Gage
Saginaw.
11
Joseph H. Steere.
Sault Ste. Marie.
10
John A. Edget
Detroit.
Jackson. Hastings.
(410)
411
THE STATE JUDICIARY.
Judges of Circuit Courts .- Continued.
Circuit.
Name.
Residence.
12
William D. Williams
Marquette.
13
Jonathan G. Ramsdell.
14
Albert Dickerman.
15
Noah P. Loveridge.
16
Arthur L. Canfield.
17
Allen C. Adsit 3
18
George P. Cobb
Bay City. Hersey.
20
Philip Padgham
Allegan.
21
Henry Hart.
Midland City.
2.2
Edward D. Kinne
Ann Arbor.
23
William H. Simpson.
Au Sable.
24
Watson Beach.
Lexington.
25
John W. Stone
Houghton.
26
Robert J. Kelley
Alpena.
27
John H. Palmer.
Big Rapids.
28
Fred H. Aldrich.
Cadillac.
29
Sherman B. Daboll
St. Johns.
30
Rollin H. Person
Howell.
31
Samuel W. Vance
Port Huron.
32
Norman W. Haire.
Ontonagon. Petoskey.
33
Charles J. Pailthorp
1 Vice Frank A. Hooker, resigned.
2 Vice R. M. Montgomery, resigned.
3 Elected by decision of Supreme Court.
Traverse City. Muskegon. Coldwater. Mt. Clemens.
§ William E. Grove 2
Grand Rapids.
19
J. Byron Judkins
JUDICIAL CIRCUITS AND TERMS OF COURT FOR 1893.
[The Judges are required by law to fix the terms of court for the succeeding two years, on or before the first of November in every odd year.]
First Circuit-Hillsdale and Lenawee. Terms of court-Hillsdale county, second Tuesday in January and November, third Tuesday in March, and first Tuesday in September; Lenawee county, second Tuesdays in February and December, fourth Tuesday in April, and first Tuesday in October.
Second-Berrien and Cass. Terms of court-Berrien county, second Tuesday in January, third Tuesday in March, third Tuesday in May, and third Tuesday in October; Cass county, third Tuesday in February, fourth Tuesday in April, fourth Tuesday in September, and first Tuesday in December.
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