USA > Michigan > Official directory and legislative manual of the State of Michigan for the years 1893-4 > Part 4
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Rode v. Phelps, 80 Mich., 598; Attorney General v. Burch, 84 Mich., 408. *SEC. 15. The compensation of the members of the Legislature
Compensa- tion of mem- bers.
*As amended by Joint Resolution No. 18, Laws of 1859, p. 1105. Ratified, election of 1860.
35
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
ART. IV.
shall be three dollars per day for actual attendance, and when absent on account of sickness, but the Legislature may allow extra compensation to the members from the territory of the Of members Upper Peninsula, not exceeding two dollars per day during the Peninsula. from Upper session. When convened in extra session, their compensation shall When in ex- be three dollars a day for the first twenty days and nothing there- tra session. after; and they shall legislate on no other subjects than those expressly stated in the Governor's proclamation, or submitted to Mileage. them by special message. They shall be entitled to ten cents and no more for every mile actually traveled in going to and return- ing from the place of meeting, on the usually traveled route; and for stationery and newspapers, not exceeding five dollars for each Stationery. member during any session. Each member shall be entitled to one copy of the laws, journals and documents of the Legislature Laws, jour- of which he was a member; but shall not receive, at the expense ments. nals, docu- of the State, books, newspapers, or other perquisites of office not . expressly authorized by this Constitution.
People v. Whittemore, State Treasurer, 2 Mich., 306.
SEC. 16. The Legislature may provide by law for the payment of Postage. postage on all mailable matter received by its members and officers during the sessions of the Legislature, but not on any sent or mailed by them.
SEC. 17. The President of the Senate and the Speaker of the Compensa- House of Representatives shall be entitled to the same per diem
tion of Presi- dent and compensation and mileage as members of the Legislature, and no Speaker. more.
People v. Whittemore, State Treasurer, 2 Mich., 306.
SEC. 18. No person elected a member of the Legislature shall receive any civil appointment within this State, or to the Senate of the United States, from the Governor, the Governor and Sen- ate, from the Legislature, or any other State Authority, during the term for which he is elected. All such appointments, and all votes given for any person so elected for any such office or appoint- ment, shall be void. No member of the Legislature shall be inter- Or be ested, directly or indirectly, in any contract with the State, or any county thereof, authorized by any law passed during the time for which he is elected, nor for one year thereafter.
People v. Hurlbut, 24 Mich., 44.
SEC. 19. Every bill and joint resolution shall be read three times Bills, etc., in each house, before the final passage thereof. No bill or joint to be read three times.
No member
to receive civil appoint- ment.
interested in
contract with the State, etc.
36
CONSTITUTION OF THE.
ART. IV.
Ayes and noes on final passage.
resolution shall become a law without the concurrence of a major- ity of all the members elected to each house. On the final pas- sage of all bills the vote shall be by yeas and nays, and entered on the journal.
Hart v. McElroy, 72 Mich., 453.
Law to em- brace but one object. When to take effect.
SEC. 20. No law shall embrace more than one object, which shall be expressed in its title. No public act shall take effect or be in force until the expiration of ninety days from the end of the ses- sion at which the same is passed, unless the Legislature shall otherwise direct by a two-thirds vote of the members elected to each house.
People v. Collins, 3 Mich., 343; Inkster v. Carver, 16 Mich., 488; People v. Denahy, 20 Mich., 349; Harrington v. Wands, 23 Mich., 388; Ryerson v. Utley, 16 Mich., 269; Swartwout v. Michigan Air Line R. R. Co., 24 Mich., 398; Aud- itor General v. Monroe, 36 Mich., 70; People v. Bradley, 36 Mich., 447; People v. Mahaney, 13 Mich., 481 ; Kurtz v. People, 33 Mich., 282; People v. Hurlbut, 24 Mich., 44; People v. State Insurance Co., 19 Mich., 398; Insurance Co. v. Treasurer, 31 Mich., 6; East Saginaw Manufacturing Co. v. East Saginaw, 19 Mich., 295; Stewart v. Father Matthew Society, 41 Mich., 67; People v. Onondaga, 16 Mich., 254; Price v. Hopkins, 13 Mich., 318; Rice v. Ruddiman, 10 Mich., 125; Carlton v. People, 10 Mich., 250; Stewart v. Riopelle, 48 Mich., 177; Rogers v. Windoes, 48 Mich., 628; Anderson v. Hill, 54 Mich., 485; Attor- ney General v. Joy, 55 Mich., 94; McKellar v. Detroit, 57 Mich., 159; Thomas v. Collins, 58 Mich., 64; Bissell v. Wayne Probate Judge, 58 Mich .. 237; N. W. M'f'g Co. v. Circuit Judge, 58 Mich., 381; Att'y Gen'l v. Weimer, 59 Mich., 580; Callaghan v. Chipman, 59 Mich., 610; People v. Beadle, 60 Mich., 22; Att'y General v. Amos, 60 Mich., 372; People v. Gadway, 61 Mich., 285; Skin- ner v. Wilhelm, 63 Mich., 568; Detroit v. Wabash, St. L. & Pacific Ry. Co., 63 Mich., 712; Wilcox v. Paddock, 65 Mich., 23; Church v. Detroit, 64 Mich., 571; Nester v. Busch, 64 Mich., 657; Hargrave v. Weber, 66 Mich., 59; People v. Pond, 67 Mich., 98; People v. Gobles, 67 Mich., 475; People v. Kirsch, 67 Mich., 539; Supervisors of Sanilac county v. Auditor General, 68 Mich., 659; Boyce v. Sebring, 66 Mich., 210; Tolford v. Church, 66 Mich., 431; Hall v. Slaybaugh, 69 Mich., 484; People v. Phippin, 70 Mich., 6; Gillett v. Mclaughlin, 69 Mich., 547; Flower v. Witkovsky, 69 Mich., 371; Robinson v. Haug and Miner, 68 Mich., 549; Ellis v. Hutchinson, 70 Mich., 154; Attor- ney General v. Supervisors of Sanilac county (taxation of mortgages), 71 Mich., 16; Hartford Ins. Co. v. Com'r of Ins., 70 Mich., 485; in re Hauck
(local option law), 70 Mich., 396; Plummer v. Kennedy, 72 Mich., 301; Hart v. McElroy, 72 Mich., 446; People v. Howard, 73 Mich., 13; Clinton v. Lan- sing, 73 Mich., 287; Isle Royal, etc., cor. v. Osmun, 76 Mich., 162; Brooks v. Hydorn, 76 Mich., 273; Eaton v. Walker, 76 Mich., 579; People v. Congdon, 77 Mich., 351; Tice v. Bay City, 78 Mich., 209; Jenking v. Osmun, 79 Mich., 305; Auditor General v. Lake George & M. R. R. Co., 82 Mich., 426; Stow v. Grand Rapids 79 Mich., 595; Fort St. Union Depot Co. v. Morton, 83 Mich., 265; Auditor General v. Stiles, 83 Mich., 460; Ripley v. Evans (corporation), 87 Mich., 218; People v. Miller, 88 Mich., 385 ; Hall v. Burlingame, 88 Mich., 438; Davis v. Supervisors, 89 Mich., 295; Frary v. Township, May 20, 1892, 52 N. W. R., 78; McPherson v. Blacker, June 17, 1892, 52 N. W. R., 469.
Extra com- pensation forbidden.
SEC. 21. The Legislature shall not grant nor authorize extra compensation to any public officer, agent, or contractor, after the service has been rendered or the contract entered into.
Fuel, sta- tionery, printing, etc., to be let by con- tract.
SEC. 22. The Legislature shall provide by law that the furnishing of fuel and stationery for the use of the State, the printing and binding the laws and journals, all blanks, paper and printing for the executive departments, and all other printing ordered by the
37
ART. IV. STATE OF MICHIGAN.
Legislature, shall be let by contract to the lowest bidder or bidders, who shall give adequate and satisfactory security for the perform- ance thereof. The Legislature shall prescribe by law the manner in which the State printing shall be executed, and the accounts rendered therefor; and shall prohibit all charges for constructive labor. They shall not rescind nor alter such contract, nor release Of contracts, the person or persons taking the same, or his or their sureties, from the performance of any of the conditions of the contract. No member of the Legislature, nor officer of the State, shall be inter- ested directly or indirectly in any such contract.
Ayers v. State Auditors, 42 Mich., 422.
SEC. 23. The Legislature shall not authorize, by private or special Sale of real law, the sale or conveyance of any real estate belonging to any per- cating roads, estate, va- son; nor vacate nor alter any road laid out by commissioners of etc.
highways or any street in any city or village, or in any recorded town plat.
Joy v. J. & M. P. R. Co., 11 Mich., 155; People v. Supervisors of Ingham, 20 Mich., 95; Davies v. Supervisors, 89 Mich., 295.
SEC. 24. The Legislature may authorize the employment of a Chaplain for chaplain for the State Prison; but no money shall be appropriated etc. State Prison, for the payment of [any religious services in either house of the Legislature.
SEC. 25. No law shall be revised, altered, or amended, by reference Altering or to its title only; but the act revised, and the section or sections of laws, etc. amending the act altered or amended shall be re-enacted and published at length.
People v. Mahaney, 13 Mich., 497; Mok v. Detroit B. & S. Association, 30 Mich., 511; Jones v. Commissioners, 21 Mich., 236; Comstock v. Judge, 39 Mich., 195; Underwood v. McDuffee, 15 Mich., 361; Harrington v. Wands, 23 Mich., 385 ; Swartwout v. Michigan Air Line R. R. Co., 24 Mich., 399; Gor- don v. People, 44 Mich., 485; Ripley v. Evans (corporation), 87 Mich., 218.
SEC. 26. Divorces shall not be granted by the Legislature. Divorces.
Teft v. Teft, 3 Mich., 67.
SEC. 27. The Legislature shall not authorize any lottery, nor per- Lotteries. mit the sale of lottery tickets.
People v. Reilly, 50 Mich., 384.
*SEC. 28. No new bill shall be introduced into either house of the Introduction Legislature after the first fifty days of the session shall have expired. of bills.
Pack v. Barton, 47 Mich., 520; Callaghan v. Chipman, 59 Mich., 613; Attor- ney General v. Amos, 60 Mich., 373; Hart v. McElroy, 72 Mich., 453; Sack- rider v. Supervisors, 79 Mich., 59.
*As amended by Joint Resolution No. 18, Laws of 1859, p. 1105. Ratified election of 1860.
*
38
CONSTITUTION OF THE
ART. IV.
Contested elections.
SEC. 29. In case of a contested election, the person only shall receive from the State per diem compensation and mileage who is declared to be entitled to a seat by the house in which the contest takes place.
Ineligibility of certain persons.
SEC: 30. No collector, holder, nor disburser of public moneys shall have a seat in the Legislature, or be eligible to any office of trust or profit under this State, until he shall have accounted for and paid over, as provided by law, all sums for which he may be liable.
Private claims.
SEC. 31. The Legislature shall not audit nor allow any private claim or account.
People v. Onondaga, 16 Mich., 254; Bristol v. Johnson, 34 Mich., 123.
Hour of ad- journment.
SEC. 32. The Legislature, on the day of final adjournment, shall adjourn at 12 o'clock noon.
Meeting of Legislature.
*SEC. 33. The Legislature shall meet at the seat of government on the first Wednesday in January, in the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and on the first Wednesday of January in every second year thereafter, and at no other place or time, unless as provided in the Constitution of the State, and shall adjourn without day at such time as the Legislatue shall fix by concurrent resolution.
Election of Senators and Repre- sentatives.
SEC. 34. The election of Senators and Representatives, pursuant to the provisions of this Constitution, shall be held on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday of November, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, and on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday in November of every second year thereafter.
State paper.
SEC. 35. The Legislature shall not establish a State paper. Every newspaper in the State which shall publish all the general laws of any session within forty days of their passage shall be entitled to receive a sum not exceeding fifteen dollars therefor.
Publication of statutes and decis- ions. .
SEC. 36. The Legislature shall provide for the speedy publication of all the statute laws of a public nature, and of such judicial decis- ions as it may deem expedient. All laws and judicial decisions shall be free for publication by any person.
Vacancies.
Ayers v. State Auditors, 42 Mich., 422; Matter of head notes, 43 Mich., 643. SEC. 37. The Legislature may declare the cases in which any office shall be deemed vacant, and also the manner of filling the vacancy where no provision is made for that purpose in this Constitution.
Keeler v. Robertson, 27 Mich., 116; Attorney General v. Burch, 84 Mich., 408; Attorney General v. Trombly, 89 Mich., 50.
*As amended by Joint Resolution No. 18, Laws of 1859. p. 1105. Ratified, election of 1860.
Compensa- tion for pub- lishing laws.
39
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
ART. IV.
SEC. 38. The Legislature may confer upon organized townships, Local legis- incorporated cities and villages. and upon the Boards of Supervisors lation. of the several counties such powers of local legislative and adminis- trative character as they may deem proper.
People v. Collins, 3 Mich., 343; People v. Mahaney, 13 Mich., 481; Detroit v. Blackeby. 21 Mich., 84; People v. Hurlbut, 24 Mich., 84; Attorney General v. Lothrop, 24 Mich., 235; Park Commissioners v. Detroit, 28 Mich., 228; Attorney General y. Detroit, 29 Mich., 108; Shumway v. Bennett, 29 Mich., 451; Torrent v. Common Council Muskegon, 47 Mich., 115; Attorney General v. Marr, 55 Mich., 450: Met. Police Board v. Wayne County, 68 Mich., 576; Bolt v. Riordan, 73 Mich., 508; People v. Hanrahan, 75 Mich., 616; Port Huron v. Jenkinson, 77 Mich., 414; Holden v. Board of Supervisors, 77 Mich., 202; Commissioners v. Common Council of Detroit, 80 Mich., 663; Smith v. Saginaw, 81 Mich., 123: Alderton v. Binder and Pistorius v. Stempel, do., 968 ; Feek v. Bloomingdale, 82 Mich., 393; Friesner v. Common Council, May 11, 1892, 52 N. W. R., 18.
SEC. 39. The Legislature shall pass no law to prevent any person Religious from worshiping Almighty God according to the dictates of his own liberty. conscience, or to compel any person to attend, erect, or support any place of religious worship, or to pay tithes, taxes, or other rates for the support of any minister of the gospel or teacher of religion.
SEC. 40. No money shall be appropriated or drawn from the Treas- Appropria- ury for the benefit of any religious sect or society, theological or ligious pur- tion for re- religious seminary, nor shall property belonging to the State be bidden. poses for- appropriated for any such purpose.
SEC. 41. The Legislature shall not diminish or enlarge the civil or Rights of political rights, privileges, and capacities of any person on account opinion. of his opinion or belief concerning matters of religion.
People v. Hurlbut, 24 Mich., 92; Frazee's case, 63 Mich., 396.
SEC. 42. No law shall ever be passed to restrain or abridge the Liberty of liberty of speech or of the press; but every person may freely speak, press. speech and write and publish his sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of such right.
Park v. Free Press Co., 72 Mich., 560.
SEC. 43. The Legislature shall pass no bill of attainder, ex post Attainder, facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts. etc.
Scott v. Smart's Ex., 1 Mich., 295; Mundy v. Monroe, 1 Mich., 68; Mich. State Bank v. Hastings, 1 Doug., 225 ; People v. Jackson and M. P. R. Co., 9 Mich., 285; Detroit v. D. & H. P. R. Co., 43 Mich., 143; Willard v. Long- street, 2 Doug., 172; Cargill v. Power, 1 Mich., 369; Blackwood v. Van Vleet, 11 Mich., 252; Newton v. Mckay, 30 Mich., 380 ; Bronson v. Newberry, 2 Doug., 38; Rockwell v. Hubbell's Ad's, 2 Doug., 197; Joy v. Thompson, 1 Doug., 373; Crippin v. Morrison, 13 Mich., 23; People v. Hawley, 3 Mich., 330; East Saginaw M'f'g Co. v. East Saginaw. 19 Mich., 259; People v. East Saginaw Salt Co., 9 Mich., 327; Crane v. Hardy, 1 Mich., 56; Head notes, 43 Mich., 644; Guild v. Kidd, 48 Mich., 307; Daniells v. Watertown Tp., 61 Mich., 514; Hall v. Perry, 72 Mich., 205; Bourgette v. Williams, 73 Mich., 211; Mason v. Perkins, 73 Mich., 303; People v. Dane, 81 Mich., 36; Bradley v. Tittabawassee Boom Co., 82 Mich .. 9; Common Council v. Assessors, Mar. 18, 1892, 51 N. W. R., 787.
40
CONSTITUTION OF THE
ART. V.
Habeas cor- pus.
SEC. 44. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, remains and shall not be suspended by the Legislature, except, in case of rebel- lion or invasion, the public safety require it.
McBride v. Grand Rapids, 32 Mich., 360.
Bills appro- priating money.
SEC. 45. The assent of two-thirds of the members elected to each house of the Legislature shall be requisite to every bill appropri- ating the public money or property for local or private purposes. McRae v. Commissioner, 89 Mich., 463.
Trial by jury.
SEC. 46. The Legislature may authorize a trial by a jury of a less number than twelve men.
SEC. 47 .*_
Style of laws.
Westinghausen v. People, 44 Mich., 265; People v. Walling, 53 Mich .. 267. SEC. 48. The style of the laws shall be, "The People of the State of Michigan enact."
ARTICLE V.
Governor.
SECTION 1. The executive power is vested in a Governor, who shall hold his office for two years. A Lieutenant Governor shall be elected for the same term.
Sutherland v. The Governor, 39 Mich., 320; Ambler v. Auditor General, 38 Mich., 746.
Eligibility.
SEC. 2. No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor or Lieutenant Governor who has not been five years a citizen of the United States, and a resident of this State two years next preceding his election; nor shall any person be eligible to either office who has not attained the age of thirty years.
How elected.
SEC. 3. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor shall be elected at the times and places of choosing the members of the Legislature. The person having the highest number of votes for Governor or Lieutenant Governor shall be elected. In case two or more persons shall have an equal and the highest number of votes for Governor or Lieutenant Governor, the Legislature shall, by joint vote, choose one of such persons.
Power of Governor.
SEC. 4. The Governor shall be Commander-in-Chief of the military and naval forces, and may call out such forces to execute the laws, to suppress insurrections, and to repel invasion.
Executive business.
SEC. 5. He shall transact all necessary business with officers of government, and may require information, in writing, from the
*By amendment proposed by the Legislature of 1875, and approved by the people at the general election of 1876, Section 47, Article IV, was stricken out. It pro- hibited the license of the sale of intoxicating liquors.
Lieutenant Governor.
WELLSHALL
WILLIAMS HALL
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, LANSING.
41
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
ART. V.
officers of the executive department, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices.
SEC. 6. He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed. Execution of laws.
SEC. 7. He may convene the Legislature on extraordinary Extra ses- occasions. sion.
SEC. 8. He shall give to the Legislature, and at the close of his Messages. official term, to the next Legislature, information by message of the condition of the State, and recommend such measures to them as he shall deem expedient.
SEC. 9. He may convene the Legislature at some other place When ses- when the seat of government becomes dangerous from disease or held else- a common enemy. where.
SEC. 10. He shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies as Writs of occur in the Senate or House of Representatives.
election.
and pardons.
SEC. 11. He may grant reprieves, commutations, and pardons after Reprieves convictions for all offenses except treason and cases of impeach- ment, upon such conditions and with such restrictions and limita- tions as he may think proper, subject to regulations provided by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons. Upon con- In case of victions for treason, he may suspend the execution of the sentence treason. until the case shall be reported to the Legislature at its next ses- sion, when the Legislature shall either pardon or commute the sentence, direct the execution of the sentence, or grant a further reprieve. He shall communicate to the Legislature at each ses- sion information of each case of reprieve, commutation, or pardon granted, and the reason therefor.
People v. Moore, 62 Mich., 496; People v. Cummings, 88 Mich., 249.
SEC. 12. In case of the impeachment of the Governor, his removal from office, death, inability, resignation, or absence from the State, the powers and duties of the office shall devolve upon the Lieuten- ant Governor, for the residue of the term or until the disability ceases. When the Governor shall be out of the State in .time of war, at the head of a military force thereof, he shall continue Com- mander-in-Chief of all the military force of the State.
SEC. 13. During a vacancy in the office of Governor, if the Lieu- tenant Governor die, resign or be impeached, displaced, be incap- able of performing the duties of the office, or absent from the State, the president pro tempore of the Senate shall act as Governor until the vacancy be filled, or the disability cease.
In case of
vacancy, absence, etc.
Who to act as Governor.
6
sion may be
42
CONSTITUTION OF THE
ART. VI.
President of Senate.
SEC. 14. The Lieutenant Governor shall, by virtue of his office, be President of the Senate. In committee of the whole he may debate all questions; and when there is an equal division, he shall give the casting vote.
Ineligibility of certain persons.
SEC. 15. No member of Congress, nor any person holding office under the United States or this State, shall execute the office of Governor.
Ineligible to office.
SEC. 16. No person elected Governor or Lieutenant Governor shall be eligible to any office or appointment from the Legislature or either house thereof, during the time for which he was elected. All votes for either of them, for any such office shall be void.
Compensa- tion.
SEC. 17. The Lieutenant [Governor] and President of the Senate pro tempore, when performing the duties of Governor shall receive the same compensation as the Governor.
Great seal.
SEC. 18. All official acts of the Governor, his approval of the laws excepted, shall be authenticated by the great seal of the State, which shall be kept by the Secretary of State.
Commis- sions; how issued.
SEC. 19. All commissions issued to persons holding office under the provision of this Constitution shall be in the name and by the authority of the people of the State of Michigan, sealed with the great seal of the state, signed by the Governor, and countersigned by the Secretary of State.
ARTICLE VI.
Judicial power.
SECTION 1. The judicial power is vested in one Supreme Court, in circuit courts, in probate courts, and in justices of the peace. Municipal courts of civil and criminal jurisdiction may be estab- lished by the Legislature in cities.
People v. Auditor General, 5 Mich., 193; Allor v. Auditors Wayne Co., 43 Mich., 76; Sutherland v. The Governor, 29 Mich., 320; Daniels v. People, 6 Mich., 381; Underwood v. McDuffee, 15 Mich., 361; Burger's case, 39 Mich., 203; Chandler v. Nash, 5 Mich., 409; Rowe v. Rowe, 28 Mich., 353; Streeter v. Paton, 7 Mich., 341; Royce v. Goodwin, 22 Mich., 499; Shurbun v. Hooper, 40 Mich., 503; Covell v. Treasurer Kent Co., 36 Mich., 332; People v. . Hurst, 41 Mich., 328; G. R., N. & L. S. R. Co. v. Gray, 38 Mich., 461; Jones v. Judge, etc., 35 Mich., 494; Heath v. Judge, 37 Mich., 372; Allen v. Judge, etc., 37 Mich., 474; Douveille v. Manistee Sup., 40 Mich., 585; Elliott v. Farwell, 44 Mich., 186; People v. Gallagher, 75 Mich., 512; Perrott v. Pierce, 75 Mich., 578; People v. Cummings, 88 Mich., 249.
Supreme court.
SEC. 2. For the term of six years and thereafter until the Legisla- ture otherwise provide, the judges of the several circuit courts shall be Judges of the Supreme Court, four of whom shall constitute a quorum. A concurrence of three shall be necessary to a final decision. After six years the Legislature may provide by law for
43
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
ART. VI.
the organization of a Supreme Court, with the jurisdiction and powers prescribed in this Constitution, to consist of one Chief Jus- tice and three Associate Justices, to be chosen by the electors of the State. Such Supreme Court, when so organized, shall not be changed or discontinued by the Legislature for eight years there- after. The judges thereof shall be so classified that but one of Classifica- tion and them shall go out of office at the same time. The term of office term of shall be eight years. office.
People v. Auditor General, 5 Mich., 193.
SEC. 3. The Supreme Court shall have a general superintending Powers. control over all inferior courts, and shall have power to issue writs of error, habeas corpus, mandamus, quo warranto, procedendo, and other original and remedial writs, and to hear and determine the same. In all other cases it shall have appellate jurisdiction only.
People v. Mahaney, 13 Mich., 481; McBride v. Grand Rapids, 32 Mich., 360; Wyandotte R. M. Co. v. Robinson, 34 Mich., 428; People v. Jackson, 8 Mich .. 78; Teller v. Wetherell, 6 Mich., 46; Hick's care, 20 Mich., 129; Farrell v. Taylor, 12 Mich., 113; Specht v. Detroit, 20 Mich., 168; Sanger v. Truesdail, 8 Mich:, 543; Jones v. Smith, 14 Mich., 334; Bank of Mich. v. Niles, Walk. Ch., 398; King v. Carpenter, 37 Mich., 363; Demaray v. Little, 17 Mich., 386; Tawas R. R. v. Iosco Judge, 44 Mich., 479; People v. Swift, 59 Mich., 540; Giddings v. Blacker, July 23, 1892, 52 N. W. R., 944.
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