USA > Montana > Yellowstone County > An illustrated history of the Yellowstone Valley : embracing the counties of Park, Sweet Grass, Carbon, Yellowstone, Rosebud, Custer and Dawson, state of Montana > Part 39
USA > Montana > Park County > An illustrated history of the Yellowstone Valley : embracing the counties of Park, Sweet Grass, Carbon, Yellowstone, Rosebud, Custer and Dawson, state of Montana > Part 39
USA > Montana > Dawson County > An illustrated history of the Yellowstone Valley : embracing the counties of Park, Sweet Grass, Carbon, Yellowstone, Rosebud, Custer and Dawson, state of Montana > Part 39
USA > Montana > Rosebud County > An illustrated history of the Yellowstone Valley : embracing the counties of Park, Sweet Grass, Carbon, Yellowstone, Rosebud, Custer and Dawson, state of Montana > Part 39
USA > Montana > Custer County > An illustrated history of the Yellowstone Valley : embracing the counties of Park, Sweet Grass, Carbon, Yellowstone, Rosebud, Custer and Dawson, state of Montana > Part 39
USA > Montana > Sweet Grass County > An illustrated history of the Yellowstone Valley : embracing the counties of Park, Sweet Grass, Carbon, Yellowstone, Rosebud, Custer and Dawson, state of Montana > Part 39
USA > Montana > Carbon County > An illustrated history of the Yellowstone Valley : embracing the counties of Park, Sweet Grass, Carbon, Yellowstone, Rosebud, Custer and Dawson, state of Montana > Part 39
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McLeod is the name of a postoffice on
Boulder creek, twenty miles southwest of Big Timber. It is on the stage and mail route be- tween Big Timber and Contract. The postoffice was established in 1887, and was named in honor of W. F. McLeod, who came to the Boulder valley from Oregon in 1882.
Wormser was the name of a postoffice (since discontinued) located twelve miles north of Big Timber, on Big Timber creek. It was named in honor of Rev. A. Wormser, who was president of the Holland Irrigation Canal company, which in 1896 built a large irrigating canal in the Big Timber valley, for the purpose of putting under water a large tract of land. Wormser postoffice was estab- lished that fall and the town of Wormser City was founded. A. L. Ouwersloot opened a store in the place, which drew trade from quite a large colony of Hollanders who settled on the irrigated land. Wormser City townsite was platted by Mr. Wormser October 25, 1898, and the plat was filed March 17, 1899. No lots were ever sold in the proposed town, and there is no such place now in existence, the postoffice having been discontinued.
Merrill is a postoffice and railroad station on the Yellowstone river and Northern Pacific railroad 32 miles southeast of Big Timber and ten miles west of Columbus. It has daily mail.
Busteed is a country postoffice on Cedar creek in the extreme eastern part of the county. It is twenty-eight miles north of Columbus, from which point comes its mail.
Reynolds is' a railroad station two miles west of Grey Cliff.
Manila is a Northern Pacific railway sta- tion, located four miles west of Reed postoffice.
De Hart is a railway station seven miles southwest of Big Timber.
PART IV CARBON COUNTY
CHAPTER I
CURRENT EVENTS
The territory now comprising Carbon county, was, prior to 1892, a part of the Crow Indian reservation, with the exception of a small piece of territory lying in the southwest corner which had been opened previous to this and made a part of the county of Park. This was done because of the immense coal deposits at Red Lodge which the owners wished to de- velop. When this strip of territory became a part of the county of Park in 1887, active de- velopment work was started at the coal fields at Red Lodge and an embryo town was started adjacent to them.
It was not, however, until the completion of the Rocky Fork and Cooke City branch of the Northern Pacific railroad in 1889, that the mines were worked on an extensive scale. After the completion of the road a large force of men was employed at the mines and Red Lodge came into prominence as a coal produc- ing district.
At that time this was considered princi- pally as a coal mining and stock raising district and but little thought was given to the agri- cultural possibilities then lying dormant with- in its borders. A few, however, saw these pos- sibilities and knowing the value of the rich bot- tom lands, settled along the creeks and valleys in the ceded strip. Those who settled here prior to 1889, were : Thomas P. McDonald,
Preston Hicox, William N. Hunter, Anthony Chaffin, A. A. Ellis, Thomas Hogan, J. L. Maryott, W. R. Mahan, James W. and John WV. Torreyson, and B. F. Pippinger. In 1889, the first sawmill was brought into what is now Carbon county by A. S. 'Douglas. It was a small portable steam sawmill with a capacity of about 5,000 feet per day and was located a short distance above the town of Red Lodge.
In 1892, the remaining portion of the ter- ritory now comprised in Carbon county was ceded by the Indians to the government and thrown open for settlement. This territory rapidly filled up with settlers and the fertile creek bottoms soon became the homes of hun- dreds of thrifty people and the country was transformed as if by magic into fields of way- ing grain, and the Indian tepees were replaced by comfortable, though, sometimes rude, dwel- lings of the white settlers.
It was not until 1895, that the thought of a separate political division entered the minds of the people of the new territory, and. even then, many were opposed to the plan. In fact, during the political campaign of 1894, the sen- timent of a majority of the people was strong- ly opposed to it and the members of the legis- lature elected that year, were generally under- stood to be unfavorable to the plan. The mem- bers of the legislature from Park county were
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HISTORY OF CARBON COUNTY.
Allan R. Joy, of Livingston, Dr. Collins, of Hunters Hot Springs, and W. F. Meyer, of Red Lodge. During the winter of 1894-5, the sentiment of the people in this section underwent a complete change and they clam- ored for county division. Accordingly W. F. Meyer, the member from this end of the county, introduced House Bill No. 9, provid- ing for the creation of the county of Carbon and fathered the bill through the house. He was aided in his efforts by his colleagues from the other end of the county. The bill passed the house by a large majority, but when it reached the senate the vote was a tie. T. P. McDonald was sent to Helena by the citizens of Red Lodge to lobby for the bill and the fol- lowing telegrams will be of interest. These were sent to C. C. Bowlen, who was chairman of the committee here and were as follows : February 19. 1895, "Bill in hands of senate committee. Have five days to report." Feb- ruary 27th, "Bill will be voted on today, will wire result." February 27th, "Bill put over until tomorrow. Broke." February 28th, "Tie vote in senate on Carbon county. Will come up tomorrow when president of senate will be present." March Ist, "Carbon county bill passed senate on a vote. Botkin voting for 11s. Will be reconsidered tomorrow." March 2nd. "Carbon county bill only lacks signature of officers. Motion to reconsider lost. Shake." March 2nd, "Send me three hundred by Mon- day's mail, sure."
The contest in the senate was very close and needed the deciding vote cast by Lieut- Gov. Alexander Botkin to decide it. W. F. Meyer still retains the gold pen used by Gov- ernor Richards in signing the bill. The act creating the county of Carbon was as follows :
CARBON COUNTY, H. B. NO. 9.
Be it enacted by the legislative assembly of the State of Montana :
Section I. That all that portion of Park county and Yellowstone county situated with- in the following boundaries, to-wit : Beginning at a point in the mid-channel of the Yellow- stone river opposite the mouth of the Stillwater river: following thence down the mid-channel of the said Yellowstone river to the intersec- tion of said channel of said Yellowstone river with the township line running between Ranges twenty-four (24) East and twenty-five (25) East; thence following said township line due south to its intersection with the west- ern boundary of the Crow Indian reservation; following thence in a southwesterly direction the west line of said Crow Indian reservation to the terminus of the said southwest direction of said line; thence running due east to the in- tersection of the mid-channel of the Big Horn river ; thence following the said channel of the said Big Horn river up in a southwesterly direc- tion to its intersection with the north line of the State of Wyoming, all of said boundary from the said northwest corner of the Crow Indian reservation to the Wyoming line being a part of the boundary line of the Crow Indian reser- vation, as established by law; proceeding thence from the intersection of the mid-channel of the Big Horn river with the south line of the State of Montana, due west to the inter- section of the south line of the state of Mon- tana with the township line separating range fifteen (15) East from range sixteen (16) East ; thence following along the line between ranges fifteen (15) and sixteen (16) East to point in the mid-channel of the Stillwater river: thence following the mid-channel the said Stillwater river to the place of beginn- ing. be, and the same is hereby created into a new county, to be known as and named Car- bon county ; and the town of Red Lodge with- in the boundaries mentioned shall be. until otherwise provided by law, the county seat of said county. and all laws of a general nature applicable to the several counties of the state and their officers are hereby made ap-
A BAND OF SHEEP READY FOR MARKET
233
HISTORY OF CARBON COUNTY.
plicable to the said county of Carbon, and its officers, as the same may be hereafter elected or appointed, save as herein otherwise espe- cially provided.
The following named persons are hereby appointed to fill the offices set opposite their names, respectively :
Alvin A. Ellis, county commissioner ; Orville E. Millis, county commissioner ; Robert C. Beattie, county commissioner ; Thomas Hogan, sheriff; Charles C. Bowlen, treasurer; Edward McLean, clerk and re- corder ; Henry G. Province, assessor ; George WV. Pierson, county attorney ; Henry G. New- kirk, clerk district court; Lizzie McDonald, superintendent of schools; J. H. Johnson, coroner ; Gilbert Patterson, administrator; Charles Printz, county surveyor.
Approved March 4, 1895.
The new county was organized May I, 1895, and the building formerly occupied as a store building by J. H. Conrad & Co., was utilized as a court house. The county commis- sioners at once let the contract for a jail to Phillip Mclaughlin for $1,700. Among the first acts of the board was the appointment of justices of the peace and constables in the pre- cincts recently formed. The names of the pre- cincts and officers appointed were as fol- lows: Red Lodge, Geo. H. Heywood, Henry M. McIntosh, justices; John Mc- Keever, John Johnson, constables. Rock- vale, Edward J. Boulden, Orrin Clauson, jus- tices : James Newton, - Hughes, constables. Joliet, Bruce Leverich, W. R. Crockett, jus- tices ; Harry Duffield, Caleb Duncan, consta- bles. Absarokee, S. T. Simonson, justice ; Dana F. Cushing, constable. Rosebud, R. O. Morris, justice; T. F. George. constable. Red Lodge Creek, Geo. Jackson, justice; Geo. B. Stevenson, constable. Clark's Fork, Geo. Urner, justice; Phillip Sidle, constable.
$14,524.14, as her proportionate share of the Park county indebtedness. Carbon county's share of the indebtedness of Yellowstone county amounted to the sum of $11.986.28, and in September, 1895, the county of Carbon issued twenty year bonds in the sum of $46,028.65, to cover the entire indebtedness of the county.
The affairs of Carbon ran along very smoothly for a number of years and the county grew in wealth and population. In 1899, the assessed valuation of all taxable property in the county had passed the two million dollar mark and the county was raised to the seventh class. The raising of the rank of the county also raised the salaries of the county officials and the raise was as follows : Treasurer, $1,500 to $1,800; sheriff, $1,800 to $2,000; assessor, $1,000 to $1,200; clerk of court, $1,200 to $1,200; clerk and recorder, $1.200 to $1,800; county attorney, $1,000 to $1,200; county superintendent of schools, $600 to $800 per year.
That the stock industry had grown and prospered in this county is evidenced by the fact that in the year 1899 over one million pounds of wool were shipped out of Carbon county and many shipments of cattle were made.
The court house was burned to the ground in 1899, but nearly all the records were saved. A new brick court house costing about $15,- 000, was constructed immediately which is up- to-date and modern, and has ample office room for the transaction of county business.
The Absarokee Forest reserve was set aside by proclamation of President Roosevelt 111 1902 and is bounded as follows: Beginning at the northwest corner of township 5. south of " range 16 east. thence running east to the north- west corner of township 5, range 18, which is a point where Fishtail creek crosses the township and range lines : thence south to the standard In the settlement between Park and Carbon counties, it was determined that Carbon county parallel; thence east along standard parallel to the southwest corner of township 5, south should pay to the county of Park the sum of of range 18, east; thence south to the south-
234
HISTORY OF CARBON COUNTY.
west corner of township 7, south of range 19 east ; thence east along township lines between townships 7 and 8 south of range 19 east, to southeast corner of township 7, south of range 19 east; thence south to the boundary line between Montana and Wyoming.
The assessed valuation of Carbon county since its formation in 1895 has been : 1895, $1,300,000; 1896, $1,369,272; 1897, $1,367- 642 ; 1898, $1,826,513 ; 1899. 2,206,635; 1900, $2,346,547 ; 1901, $2.572,824; 1902, $3,253- 543; 1903, $3,054.356; 1904, $3,522,932; 1905, $4,062,063 ; 1906, $4,217,886. By com- parison with the assessment of last year the valuation shows an increase of $161,000 in real estate and improvements, including both ranches and town lots, $30,000 in mortgages and money, $72,000 in net proceeds from mines, $19,000 in merchandise, $58,000 in sheep, $23,950 in beef cattle, there being no beef cattle at all in the county a year ago the
first of March, and $3,000 in work horses. It also shows 157,468 acres of land assessed, as against 152,801 in 1905.
The Yellowstone park branch of the Northern Pacific railroad is now building toward the Bear Creek coal fields and new towns have been started at Belfry and Bear Creek and it is exxpected that the Bear Creek fields as soon as opened up will surpass even those at Red Lodge.
The county of Carbon has a brilliant future assured. No county in the state has so many and varied resources. It has the best defined and best developed beds of high grade semi-bituminous coal west of the Missouri river, many fertile valleys where crop failures are unknown and the yield is always surpris- ingly large, a good home market for all pro- duce, and. above all, a good healthful and in- vigorating climate and industrious and law abiding citizens.
CHAPTER II
CITIES AND TOWNS.
Red Lodge, the capital of Carbon county, is located on Rocky Fork creek at the foot of the Bear Tooth mountains. The elevation above sea level is about 5,500 feet. Although located in a high altitude the climatic conditions are very uniform and the temperature rarely goes to extremes. Sufficient snow for sleigh- ing purposes is a treat seldom experienced in winter and disagreeably hot weather in sum- mer is almost unknown in this section.
The vast coal deposits existed at Red Lodge were known of many years before an attempt was made to develop them, but in 1887 the Rocky Fork Coal company was formed by Walter Cooper, Sam Hauser and Sam Word and active developments were com-
menced. In 1888, Babcock and Miles and J. D. Losekamp were the first merchants and the next year O. E. Millis and J. H. Conrad Co., opened mercantile establishments here. This year marks the beginning of the industrial and commercial importance of Red Lodge and the coal camp, as it was formerly termed, assumed an air of stability. The town now boasted of a population of about four hundred people. The Rocky Fork branch of the Northern Pacific railroad was completed to Red Lodge in June, 1889. and was followed by a large influx of settlers and workmen for the mines, and the output of the mines was greatly increased, new buisness enterprises promulgated and the town grew apace.
235
HISTORY OF CARBON COUNTY.
The town was platted in November, 1889, by John W. Buskett, secretary of the Rocky Fork Town and Electric company. Some trouble was experienced in getting title to the land by the townsite company owing to the priority rights claimed by the railroad com- pany. The railroad claimed by right of grant every odd numbered section in this territory, but the government decided that as this had been a part of the Crow reservation their claim was invalid.
In the spring of 1892, T. P. McDonald and 135 others petitioned the county of Park for incorporation and Joseph McAnnelly was ap- pointed to take the census of the town. Ac- cording to his official report the population of the town at that time was 1, 180. An election was held to determine the proposition with T. P. McDonald, M. J. Fleming and Keyser Brown as judges, and the proposition carried by a vote of 146 to 18. Another election was held August 15th, to select officers for the town with Keyser Brown, Roger Fleming and Jewett L. Miskimin as judges, which resulted as follows: Wm. O'Connor. mayor; C. C. Bowlen, A. E. Flager, Thomas Bailey, Hugh Earley, Terrence Fleming and August Egan, aldermen.
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For the next two years the town enjoyed a substantial growth, and the coal mines, which have always played a very important and transcendent part in the continued growth of the city of Red Lodge, constantly increased their output. Several hundred men were em- ployed by them and the increasing payroll added to the volume of business transacted in the town.
The town experienced its first large fire on March 23, 1900, and the following morn- ing only the charred and blackened walls re- mained to mark the spot which had been the business center of Red Lodge. The fire broke out in W. R. Hall's general merchandise store about six o'clock in the morning and was pro- gress was not stayed until it had devoured the
three compartment two-story brick buildings owned by the Red Lodge Improvement com- pany, occupied on the ground floor by W. R. Hall's general merchandise store, Larkin & Fleming's wholesale and retail liquor house, and the extensive hardware store of Fulton & Dalton. On the second floor were the rooms of the Red Lodge Business Men's Club and the offices and printing plant of the Red Lodge Picket and Carbon County Democrat, the dental parlors of Dr. George Dilworth and the office of Dr. A. C. McClanahan. In addition to this block, which was a land mark of the new town, being the first brick business block erec- ted in the town was the brick block built the previous year by the I. N. L. Co., and occupied on the ground floor by the extensive clothing department store of Alderman Frieman, with offices of Attorney George H. Bailey upstairs -representing in the aggregate an expendi- ture of over $100,000-and it was only owing to the fact that there was scarcely no wind blowing at the time that the flames did not communicate to the adjoining property on the north and south and carry away the entire business section of the town, at least, it was due, perhaps, to the fact and the bucket bri- gade stationed on the tops of adjoining buid- ings, who incessantly kept pouring streams of water upon the burning buildings, and the committee who had charge of the blowing up of the burning walls, that the flames were con- fined to the property destroyed. The origin of the fire is unknown, but it probably started from spontaneous combustion in the basement of Hall's store. Because of the strike, the pumps at the mines were closed down and out- side of the bucket brigade, no water was avail- able.
Several heroic rescues were made, but be- cause of an explosion in the basement of Hall's store, one man was pinioned in the debris of falling walls and was burned to death. He was John E. Davis and his last words to his companion, George W. Wisewell, who was
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HISTORY OF CARBON COUNTY.
saved, were: "George this is a hard way to die."
The loss and the amount of insurance as far as can be ascertained were as follows: I. X. L. Co., $35,000, insurance $14,000; W. R. Hall, $25,000, insurance $14,000; Larkin & Fleming, $6,000, insurance $2,000; Fulton & Dalton $10,000, insurance $3.000; Red Lodge Picket and Carbon County Democrat printing plants, $5,000, insurance on Picket $1,600; Business Men's Club $2,000, no insurance ; Dr. Dilworth, $1,500, insurance $700; Dr. A. C. McClanahan, $500, besides loss of A. H. Davis, jeweler, and the block owned by Mr. Frieman, value unknown.
The result of this conflagration clearly demonstrated the necessity of an organized fire fighting force and in July a department was organized with a charter membership of fifty- eight. The membership fee was fixed at one dollar and the number of members limited to fifty. B. E. Vail was elected president ; C. C. Bowlen, vice president; F. W. Dalton, secre- tary; W. J. Deegan, treasurer, and Wm. Lar- kin. J. A. Virtue and Elmer Akin, trustees. Wm. Larkin was elected as chief and J. J. Fleming, assistant chief.
A hook and ladder company and two hose companies were formed and members of each and foremen were as follows :
Hook and Ladder Company-Wm. Gebo, foreman ; Barney Hart, assistant foreman ; Ja- cob Jarvin; George W. Burke. F. C. Byrne. Frank Sicori, James McGinnis, Martin Golden. James G. Smith, Thomas Ross, C. J. Wilks, Thomas Conway, Matt Gillen, Henry Green, John Murray, F. W. Dalton, B. E. Vail, W. D. Hays, Val Bailey, Roger Fleming.
Hose Company No. 1-Elmer Alkin, fore- man ; WVm. Larkin, Walter Akin, Paddy Flem- ing. J. J. Fleming, W. J. Deegan, F. W. Alden, A. J. Egan, Frank Lyle. T. Fleming, T. R. Austin, E. J. McLean. Simon Hasterlick, P. Gillen, T. F. Pollard. A. Budas. R. L. Davis,
M. J. Kerrigan, J. E. Mushbach, Arthur Mor- gan, A. Morrison.
Hose Company No. 2-Joe Hart, foreman ; J. A. Virtue, assistant foreman; Thomas Skelly, F. Sparling, C. C. Bowlen, James Copeland. O. Paulson, George Jones, Prosper Vanlippeloy, George Taft, Sanford Reuland. Walter Alderson, Grant McMasters, Bernh Rydberg, A. H. Davis. George Mushbach, John Dunn, Ed. Ricketts. D. G. O'Shea, and F. L. Cameron.
It is well to note that since the organiza- tion of this department and their acquisition of a suitable equipment. the town has not had a fire of much consequence, and the citizens point with pride to its fire department which is not surpasser by that of any town in the state of comparative size.
On May 1, 1899, the tax payers of Red Lodge voted in favor of the issuance of bonds to the amount of $25,000 for the purpose of constructing a system of water works. These bonds were redeemable in ten and twenty years and the rate of interest was five per cent. an- nually. This issue was dated October 2, 1899. This amount of money was found to be inad- equate for the undertaking and accordingly. in order to furnish the necessary funds with which to complete the project an election was held July 16, 1900, which resulted in a vote of 51 to 42 in favor of a second issue to the amount of $10,000. ten and twenty year bonds, bearing five per cent. interest.
The source of water supply is Rocky Fork Creek, a stream of pure sparkling mountain water and the water is taken from the creek two and one-half miles above the city, and the gravity system is utilized. Five miles of water mains have been laid at a cost of about 38,000 dollars, and the revenue since the com- pletion of the plant has more than paid all operating expenses and the interest on the bonds. Water was available for use in Oc- tober. 1901, since that date Red Lodge has
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HISTORY OF CARBON COUNTY.
had the purest and best supply of water to be found in the state.
In October, 1901, an infantry company of the Montana National Guard was organized here and mustered in by Adjutant General R. Lee McCulloch, being Company D. First Mon- tana Infantry. The company started with a membership of fifty-one and elected Joseph Z. Vennie, captain; E. E. Esselstyn, first lieuten- ant; W. J. Deegan, second lieutenant. That membership of the organization has increased to about seventy-five. All the members take great pride in their organization, and as a con- sequence, they have a well drilled and well disciplined company.
The Rocky Fork Coal company, was suc- ceeded in 1902 by the Northwestern Improve- ment company, a company controlled by the Northern Pacific Railway Co. Since the ac- quisition of the mines by the new company the output has been greatly increased and up to the time of the fire in June of this year as high as one hundred car loads of coal were shipped from this point daily.
On June of this year a dire catastrophe ossurred at the mine workings when eight miners met their death from the effects of the terrible white damp. It seems that the night shift, unable to penetrate through the foul air, had made their exit through the air shaft about two and one-half miles to the east, and their non-appearance at the usual hour and place aroused the apprehension of the day shift, who feared that some accident had befallen their comrades. The alarm was given and a rescu- ing party of some twenty men at once started to render every possible assistance to the un- fortunate men. The work of rendering as- sistance was made doubly difficut by the failure of the large electric fan to work and purify the air. Many of the rescuing party were ef- fected by the awful damp and had to be as- sisted to the surface by their companions. The death list comprised the following J. E. Bracy. Terrence Fleming, Mike Garrish, Tom Skelley,
Win. Bailey, Matt Riekki and Alvin McFate.
A great crowd surrounded the mine, many being in the most intense state of excitement ; anguished relatives of the doomed men were almost frantic with grief, and the scene was such as to excite the utmost sympathy.
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