USA > Montana > Yellowstone County > An illustrated history of the Yellowstone Valley : embracing the counties of Park, Sweet Grass, Carbon, Yellowstone, Rosebud, Custer and Dawson, state of Montana > Part 48
USA > Montana > Park County > An illustrated history of the Yellowstone Valley : embracing the counties of Park, Sweet Grass, Carbon, Yellowstone, Rosebud, Custer and Dawson, state of Montana > Part 48
USA > Montana > Dawson County > An illustrated history of the Yellowstone Valley : embracing the counties of Park, Sweet Grass, Carbon, Yellowstone, Rosebud, Custer and Dawson, state of Montana > Part 48
USA > Montana > Rosebud County > An illustrated history of the Yellowstone Valley : embracing the counties of Park, Sweet Grass, Carbon, Yellowstone, Rosebud, Custer and Dawson, state of Montana > Part 48
USA > Montana > Custer County > An illustrated history of the Yellowstone Valley : embracing the counties of Park, Sweet Grass, Carbon, Yellowstone, Rosebud, Custer and Dawson, state of Montana > Part 48
USA > Montana > Sweet Grass County > An illustrated history of the Yellowstone Valley : embracing the counties of Park, Sweet Grass, Carbon, Yellowstone, Rosebud, Custer and Dawson, state of Montana > Part 48
USA > Montana > Carbon County > An illustrated history of the Yellowstone Valley : embracing the counties of Park, Sweet Grass, Carbon, Yellowstone, Rosebud, Custer and Dawson, state of Montana > Part 48
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At the time of the platting, in Marci!, 1882, there was not a building on the townsite, and it remained in this condition until late in April. The first structure was a building of considerable size, built by the Northern Pa- cific Railway company for the accommodation of the locating engineers, which was completed on the first day of May, and located on Mon- tana avenue, between Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth streets. Only a few days later was completed a store building for the town- site company, and a store was opened by H. Clark. president of the company, at the corner of Minnesota avenue and Twenty-ninth street. The third structure erected at about the same time, was the residence of F. B. Kennard. These three buildings constituted the town of Billings in the early days of May, 1882.
Then began the boom. The events of the
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HISTORY OF YELLOWSTONE COUNTY.
next thirty days have probably never been equalled in western town building. By the first of June there were five hundred people in Billings; there were scores of business houses in operation; there had been over a hundred buildings erected, and many more were in course of construction. People were coming in afoot, horseback and in wagons, bringing merchandise, lumber and supplies. They came from all points of the compass, and had this rapid growth continued to the present time Billings would be the metropolis of the north- west. It was during this first thirty days of its history that Billings became known as the "Magic City."
As soon as the town was platted, Mr. Geo. B. Hulme, the agent of the company, started from New York City to take charge of the sale of the lots. Before he reached Billings many of the lots had been bought up by cap- italists in St. Paul. Minneapolis and other points, who recognized the advantages of the location of the coming city. Inside of four weeks nearly 5.000 lots were sold, and in every instance the order for the land was followed by the required cash payment. The only diffi- culty seemed to be to satisfy the eager haste of the applicants.
The pace set during the month of May was continued during the whole summer. All was rush and hustle and excitement in this magic city of cheap buildings and tents, and traffic- ing in town lots constituted a large share of the business and amusement of the population, in which enterprise many small fortunes were made. People continued to pour in from the end of the railroad to such an extent that the Herald complained that it took "a very likely reporter nowadays to 'keep track of all the arrivals in Billings." Not a day passed that did not witness the arrival of men of means and business experience, who came to cast their lot with the people of the new town. These generally expressed themselves as satis- fied with conditions as they found them, and
would immediately go to work in the territory of their adoption. The first act of the new arrival would be, invariably, to draw from his pocket a well-wrinkled and perhaps dirty plat of the town, and the second act would be to hunt for "his lot." In another day or two lum- ber would be on the ground, and in less than a week. on an average, a new building would make its appearance in Billings, would be oc- cupied, and the owner in happy possession of a lucrative business. Such was life in the early history of Billings.
One of the serious drawbacks to the life in the boom town that summer was the lack of water, and the gravity of the situation was fully realized by the property owners. The condition of affairs as told by the following excerpt from the Herald of June 29 prevailed until the irrigating ditch was completed the next year :
The question of most serious import that now agitates the people of Billings is that which concerns the water supply. The water carts that in a desultory manner make their daily rounds serve an excellent purpose, and as a substitute for a better water system are welcomed by every householder. While the users of water are, however, glad to open their purses and their water barrels to these itinerant dispensers of the precious Yellowstone fluid, they also realize the fact that should a fire break out in our midst, the water barrel would be an indifferent source of protection.
Early in June the citizens of the town united in a mammoth petition to the postoffice department, which set forth the disadvantages under which they were laboring,. asked that a postoffice be granted to Billings, and that L. Whitney be commissioned postmaster. Fa- vorable action was taken by the department, and on July 8 Mr. Whitney received notifica- tion of the establishment of the postoffice and his appointment as postmaster, the commis- sion being dated June 13. It was some little: time, however, before the red tape could be un- wrapped and the Billings postoffice became a fact. Then, when all the legal requirements had been met, the postoffice was opened under
.
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HISTORY OF YELLOWSTONE COUNTY.
very unsatisfactory arrangements ; but the best was made of the conditions, and soon every- thing was in "apple pie" order.
On the 22nd day of August the first rail- road train crossed the bridge at Coulson and entered the city of Billings. On that date the estimated population of the town was 800, but by the first of the year it had increased to 1600, according to one estimate. Immediately fol- lowing the advent of the road came a quick- ening of the business activity of the little city. Work was commenced on the construction of the company's roundhouse, machine shops, turn table and other buildings of a division point, furnishing employment to quite a force of workmen.
The matter of incorporating the town was taken up in the fall of 1882, but was dropped, and incorporation was not brought about un- til 1885.
On May 20, 1882, there was organized the Billings Street Railway company, with a capi- tal of $40,000. The line of the proposed road was to be two miles in length. Every- body was enthusiastic over the building of the line, and nine hundred shares of the stock were subscribed at once. The road was completed in the summer of 1883-the first street railway in the territory of Montana. The cars were, of course, drawn by horses, the trip to Coulson being made in twelve min- utes.
The venture was not a success from a financial standpoint. The line continued in operation a few years, and then the operation of the railway was discontinued.
The Minnesota & Montana Land & Im- provement company was heartily denounced for its many shortcomings, and much of the censure was doubtless deserved. But if the company did nothing else that was good, the building of the irrigating ditch must stand as a monument of its worth.
The water was taken from the Yellowstone at the head of Clark's Fork bottom, at Young's
Point, carried for a distance of thirty-nine miles along the rim-rock bluff at the north, and then discharged into the Yellowstone again. The beginning of the ditch at the west was two feet below the Yellowstone. When the river was let into the ditch there was at once a canal twenty-two feet wide, about two feet deep, car- rying nearly 10,000 inches of water, and irri- gating about 20,000 acres of land. From the completion of the "Big Ditch," as it is com- monly called, dates the era of improvement and prosperity which has marked this favored sec- tion of Montana.
Up to the first of November there had been shipped from Billings over 1,000 car loads of cattle, or about 20,000 head; besides this ship- ment about 7,000 head of sheep had been sent to market from the same point. The freight receipts from imports averaged $5,000 per day, or nearly $150,000 per month. Excepting Fargo, there was no other station on the line of the Northern Pacific that made a better showing.
In its issue of October 22, 1882, the Bill- ings Herald gave some statistics of an interest- ing nature, showing the exact number of busi- ness houses, and containing other information. From that article we learn that there were 155 business houses in existence, and ten in course of construction ; ninety-nine residences. and thirteen in course of construction; six railroad buildings, one church, and one in course of construction ; and twenty-five tents.
The early population of Billings embraced all classes and conditions of men, but it seemed to include more of a far-seeing, enterprising and thrifty class of business men than usually fell to the lot of towns along the line. The pioneers of Billings reached out after the trade through an immense area of territory, and got it. Their example has been followed by the later comers, and Billings' prosperous condi- tion today is due to a large extent to this trait of going after the things that help to make a better town.
295
HISTORY OF YELLOWSTONE COUNTY.
When the Minnesota & Montana Land & Improvement company purchased the railroad lands on Clark's Fork bottom it entered into a contract with the railroad company to do many things toward the improvement of Billings and the surrounding country, and the sale of lands on the bottom and of lots in the town was based on these promises. Among other things. the improvement company agreed to erect a passenger depot at a cost of $60,000. Appar- ently, the company paid very little attention to this promise, and it became a matter of opin- ion among the residents that it did not intend to fulfill this part of the contract. No steps toward the carrying out of the contract had been made at the close of the year 1882, but there were abundant promises.
Finally, in the fall of 1883, the improve- ment company erected a depot building at a cost of about $10,000. This the Northern Pacific refused to accept in fulfillment of the contract. After its completion the building stood empty, being used "principally as a dance hall," as one of the residents of the town ex- pressed it. When passenger trains came in "Billings" would be announced, the train halted before the deserted edifice and then pulled along to the Northern Pacific hotel, which was the actual passenger depot. The halt was made at the new depot, presumably. in fulfillment of the agreement on the part of the railroad company. So matters continued in this deplorable state for some time. The people generally lost confidence in the good intentions of the Minnesota & Montana Land & Improvement company, and that corporation earned the ill-will of a large portion of the pop- ulation. This feeling of the people of Bil- lings, as well as of the railroad company, is illustrated in a letter published in the local press in June, 1883. It was written by R. J. Anderson, of the Windsor hotel. Mr. Ander- son said :
I have brought suit against the Montana & Minne- sota Land & Improvement company, of which H.
Clark is president, for non-fulfilment of contract, said suit being for $20,000 damages. The company referred to have not fulfilled their agreement to build the pas- senger depot according to their plans in the original plat. They further agreed and guaranteed to me to have the depot built upon the originaly proposed loca- tion, and open for public use and occupation by the time the first train arrived-when the railroad was com- pleted to Billings. They also guaranteed to everyone else who bought lots from the company in the vicinity that the depot would be built as originally projected on the plat. *
* In my opinion and in the opinion of numerous others who hold property here, it has brought financial ruin and disaster to numerous men of limited capital who have been induced to invest their all here upon promi-es of great improvements.
Only a short time since Henry Villard, when pass- ing through Billings, remarked in the presence of a number of citizens that H. Clark had done nothing which he agreed to, and satirically inquired where the three thousand emigrants and Scandinavians were which Clark agreed to have at Billings this spring. Since his arrival in New York President Villard has com- menced suit against H. Clark for the forfeiture of 60,000 acres of railroad land ou Clark's Fork bottom obtained by Clark on condition that he should sell them to actual settlers. Clark induced the Ripon colony to come to Billings to the number of 500, as-uring them that they could have all of this land which they wanted al $2.60 per acre, and a free townsite thrown in. When they arrived they could not get the land for less than $5 to $10 per acre, according to location. This turn in affairs disgusted the greater number of the colon- ists, and they returned to their former homes without catching on. Since then the railroad lands on Clark's Fork bottom are lying in primeval solitude, totally un- occupied and unimproved.
The period of activity in the summer and fall of 1882 was followed by several compara- tive dull months. This was no more than was to be expected. When the railroad pushed its way westward many of the boomers and much of the floating population went with it; other towns sprang into existence and went through the same feverish excitement that had attended the founding of Billings. There were men, however, who had the foresight to realize that Billings, because of its location, was bound to be a city of permanency, and they remained to found permanent homes. To their wisdom, foresight and energy is due much of the pres- ent prosperity of the city.
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HISTORY OF YELLOWSTONE COUNTY.
The dull winter months were followed by a continuation of the boom in the spring of 1883.
From the time of the founding of the town the great drawback had been the poor water supply. Doubtless many prospective settlers abandoned the idea of locating here because of the poor showing made on this account. Here was to be seen nothing but alkali dust, with no seeming possibility of growing trees or grass, and the water, taken from the Yellowstone river and distributed in tanks, probably decided many that this was a poor place in which to locate.
The citizens of Billings realized this de- fect, and at once set about remedying it. It was decided to bore an artesian well, and the Artesian Well company was incorporated in April. 1883. Before active operations were commenced by this company the stress was relieved somewhat by the completion of the irrigating ditch. On the morning of Septem- ber 15 the water was turned on, and a copious stream was flowing through the main ditch, which ran through the town. This was re- ceived gratefully by the citizens. Boring for the artesian well was begun early in '1884. Much money was expended and great perse- verance was shown, but with deep regret the promoters were forced to acknowledge defeat after sinking a hole to the depth of 900 feet ; no water was found.
Another event of interest in the spring of 1883 was the organization, on Saturday even- ing. March 12, of the Billings Board of Trade." an organization devoting itself to the upbuild- ing of the city.
The second attempt to secure incorpora- tion for Billings was made in 1883. The mat- ter was taken before the district court, which issued an order calling for an election to be held on November 14, when the people should decide by ballot whether they wished incor- poration or not. The election was a quiet one, and incorporation was defeated.
One of the early considerations was the
matter of a suitable school building. Bonds to the amount of $8,000 were voted in July, and to this sum was added $4,000, donated by Hon. Frederick Billings. The building was completed that fall.
The population of Billings increased in 1883 to about 1.500, and the number of build- ings in the city that year was between 400 and 500. Nearly $100,000 was 'expended during the year in public and private improvements. Twenty thousand head of cattle were shipped during the year, and Billings became quite a wool market, an industry which became a mammoth one in a short time.
The abnormal conditions that prevailed during the years 1882 and 1883 could not last forever, and we find a new era beginning in 1884. Instead of the rip-roaring, everybody- get-rich-quick town of the first two years, we now find Billings settling down to a more solid and sane policy.
The stock growing industry of the sur- rounding country was of vast benefit to Bil- lings, in 1884 Yellowstone county ranking fifth among the counties of Montana in number and value of cattle. Nearly 35,000 head were shipped from Billings that year. Freight busi- ness was large, also. During the year there were received at Billings 42,653.768 pounds, the charges on which amounted to $161.747 .- 71 ; there were shipped from this station 22,- 817,166 pounds, on which the charges amounted to $114.015.59. This made a total of 65.470.934 pounds shipped to and from Billings with total charges of $275.763.30. The sale of tickets from the Billings office brought into the company's coffers $22.513.
One of the best remembered events of the year was the big fire of July 14, resulting in the destruction of block 110 with a property loss of nearly $50,000, with insurance of less than one-half the loss. This block was the portion of the town that was first built, and most of the buildings were mere shells built of the roughest lumber. Some of these occu-
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HISTORY OF YELLOWSTONE COUNTY
pied only half 'a lot, and had been put up hur- riedly and cheaply to be occupied during the boom period at enormous rent. The fire broke out about daylight in McKee's saloon, located near the middle of the block, and spread rapidly in both directions. Billings did not at the time have a fire company, and only a limited supply of water, so that the efforts of the citizens to check the spread of the flames were without avail. The block was a square of smouldering ruins within a few hours.
Aithough the buildings destroyed were cheap frame buildings, it was thought that the fire, coming as it did during a dull season, would prove a serious blow to Billings. Such was not the case, however. Just as soon as the insurance was adjusted contracts were let for the erection of new buildings to replace those destroyed.
Another result of this fire was the estab- lishment of a fire company, which was organ- ized on August 6. Although without fire fight- ing apparatus of any kind except buckets and axes, the company undertook the duty of pro- viding protection from future fires.
From a business directory of the city of Billings, compiled in 1884, we learn that there were over an hundred firms doing business in the little city.
Early in 1885 the question of incorporation was again taken up and this time the territor- ial legislature was asked to grant municipal government to the town. Under the provisions of the act the charter was to be submitted to the voters of the town in April for approval or rejection. The land to be incorporated was defined as follows: The south one-half of sec- tion 33. township one north. range 26 east, and the southeast one-fourth of the southeast one-fourth of section 32, township one north, range 26 east, and section three in township one south, range 26 east, containing an area of 1,000 acres. Peter Larson, Albert L. Bab- cock, Sidney H. Erwin, Louis A. Fenske and John W. Ramsey were named as commission-
ers to act until the first board of aldermen should qualify.
The election for the adoption or rejection of the city charter was held on Thursday, April 2. There was very little interest manifested over the result, and only 122 votes were cast, a majority being in favor of incorporation under the charter granted by the legislature. A few days later the election for the selection of the first officers of the city was held, and municipal government began April 10. Fol- lowing are the names of the officers who have served the city since its incorporation up to the present time :
1885-Mayor, John Tully : aldermen, Lucius Whit- ney. L. H. Fenske, J. J. Walk. W. H. Rowley, S. H. Erwin, C. C. Westbrook: marshal, Henry Terrell ; as- sessor, treasurer and collector, Fred Sweetman: clerk and city attorney. E. N. Harwood; policeman, W. F. Leroy ; police judge. J. D. Matheson.
1885 *- Mayor. Walter Matheson; aldermen, C. E. Foot Note.
Westbrook, L. H. Fenske, W. H. Rowley, C. H. Wal- cott, Thomas Hanlon. C. H. Walcott.
1886-Mayor Walter Matheson: aldermen, C. H. Walcott. J. J. Walk, L. T. Field, H. W. Rowley. L. H. Fenske. Thomas Hanlon; clerk and city attorney, E. N. Harwood; assessor. collector and treasurer, Geo. M. Hays ; marshal, Henry Terrell.
1887-Mayor, Jas. R. Goss : aldermen, J. C. Bond, Jos. Zimmerman, C. C. Brown, M. B. Rademaker, U. E. Frizelle. J. J. Walk : clerk and city attorney, E. N. Harwood: treasurer. Lesley Bates: marshal. Henry Terrell.
1888-Mayor. E. B. Camp: aldermen, Joseph Zim- merman, C. E. Barney, A. P. Hart, M. B. Rademaker. J. C. Bond, C. C. Brown: clerk and city attorney, H. D. Arkwright; assessor and treasurer, Chas F. Burton ; marshal, Harry Duffield.
1889-Mayor, Fred H. Foster: aldermen, W. B. TenEyck. Robert Hannah, U. E. Frizelle. C. E. Bar- ney. A. P. Hart, William F. Eilers ; clerk and city at- torney, Gib A. Lane ; assessor and treasurer. Chas. F. Burton : marshal, Henry Terrell.
1890-Mayor. Joseph Rhinehart : aldermen. William F. Eilers, E. S. Holmes, Henry D. Chaflin, U. E. Friz- elle. Robert Hannah, W. B. TenEyck; clerk and city attorney. Robert T. Allen : assessor. Chas, F. Burton ; marshal. Henry Terrell.
1891-Mayor. Geo. A. Griggs: aldermen, Peter Smith, John D. Losekamp. E. S. Holmes, William F. Eilers. John Staffek. M. B. Rademaker: assessor. W.
*Chosen at a special election July 20.
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HISTORY OF YELLOWSTONE COUNTY.
B. George ; clerk and city attorney, Andrew Campbell ; marshal, Bernard Schneider.
1892-Mayor, Harry K. Fish; aldermen, J. W. Vaughan, William A. Heffner, D. E. Boyken, M. B. Rademaker, Peter Smith, John D. Losekamp; clerk and city attorney, Gib A. Lane: assessor, W. B. George ; marshal. Bernard Schneider.
1893-Mayor, Fred H. Foster: aldermen. J. W. Vaughan, Chas. A. Dewar. George M. Hays, Silas B. Sawyer, Benjamin W. Toole, J. D. Losekamp ; clerk and city attorney, Gib A. Lane; treasurer, W. B. George ; marshal, Alexander Frazer.
1894-Mayor, Fred H. Foster: aldermen, J. H. Rhinehart, Horace D. Williston, Christian Yegen, Chas. A. Dewar. J. D. Losekamp, Benjamin W. Toole: clerk and city attorney, Gib A. Lane : marshal, Henry Terrell-
1895-Mayor, Geo. A. Griggs ; aldermen. Chas. W. Forester, M. B. Rademaker, O. C. Finkelenberg. Chris- tian Yegen, J. H. Rhinehart, H. D. Williston ; clerk and city attorney, John B. Herford : police magistrate. Alex- ander Frazer ; treasurer, W. B. George.
1896-Mayor. Geo. A. Griggs; aldermen, W. H. Donovan, Geo. A. Robinson. J. H. Rhinehart, M. B. Rademaker, O. C. Finkelenberg, C. W. Forester : clerk and city attorney, J. B. Herford; marshal, Henry Terrell: treasurer, W. B. George.
1897-Mayor, Henry Chapple: aldermen, Chas. Racek, W. H. Donovan. G. W. Stoddard. H. G. Wil- liams, J. H. Rhinehart, Geo. Lamport: clerk and city attorney, J. B. Herford; police judge, Frank L. Mann ; treasurer. Chas. F. Burton.
1898-Mayor. Christian Yegen; aldermen. E. W. Syetnick, C. E. Witham, Chas, Spear, F. B. Connelly, H. G. Williams, Chas. Racek; clerk and city attorney, J. B. Herford.
1890-Mayor, Christian Yegen: aldermen, Geo. Benninghoff, H. F. Clement, U. E. Frizulle. E. W. Syetnick, F. R. St. John, Chas. Spear. C. E. Witham, F. B. Connelly : clerk and city attorney, J. B. Herford ; police judge, Frank L. Mann : treasurer, H. S. Evans.
1900-Mayor, Christian Yegen; aldermen, F. B. Connelly, S. G. Reynolds. C. L. Tubbs, Geo. A. Berky, Geo. Benninghoff, U. E. Frizelle, Chas. Spear, H. F. Clement; clerk and city attorney. J. B. Herford.
1901-Mayor. W. B. George ; aldermen, G. G. Coth- ron, Henry White, Henry Thorsen, G. W. Stoddard, Geo. A. Berky, F. B. Connelly. C. L. Tubbs. S. G. Rey- nolds ; clerk, J. D. Mathe-on ; attorney, William M. Johnston ; treasurer. James Kelley ; police judge, F. L. Mann.
1902-Mayor. W. B. George: aldermen. Geo. Ben- ninghoff. S. G. Reynolds. O. D. Hogue. Gen. A. Berky, G. G. Cothron, Henry White. Henry Thorsen, G. W. Stoddard; clerk. J. D. Matheson : attorney, W. M. John- ston ; treasurer, James Kelly ; police judge, F. L. Mann. 1903-Mayor, Fred H. Foster ; aldermen, Philip Grein, H. G. Williams, G. W. Sturm, Jeff Z. Brewer, Geo. A. Berky, Thos. Bouton. August Schundlack.
Geo. Benninghoff ; clerk, Nat G. Carwile ; attorney. J. D. Matheson : treasurer, O. C. Ovren ; police judge, F. L. Mann; engineer, A. A. Morris.
1904-Mayor. Fred H. Foster; aldermen. George Benninghoff, J. H. McElroy, August Schundlack, G. W. Stoddard, Jeff Z. Brewer, Philip Grein, G. W. Sturm, H. G. Williams; clerk, Nat G. Carwile; attor- ney, J. D. Matheson ; treasurer, O. C. Ovren ; police judge, F. L. Mann ; engineer, A. A. Morris.
1905-Mayor, Fred H. Foster: aldermen, G. G. Cothron, F. X. N. Rademaker, Henry Thorsen, J. Z. Brewer, George Benninghoff, J. H. McElroy, G. W. Stoddard, August Schundlach: clerk, S. F. Morse; at- torney, H. A. Groves; treasurer, O. C. Ovren; police judge, Nat G. Carwile: engineer, Henry Gerharz.
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