USA > North Dakota > Early history of North Dakota: essential outlines of American history > Part 60
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PROHIBITION A GOOD SAMARITAN
The seamy side of the fur trade, the destruction of a noble race, and the bane- ful influence of the liquor traffic on humanity, has been brought out in glaring light in previous chapters. If the present world-war results in crushing the monstrous evil, the service to humanity will be worth its cost in blood and treasure.
The evil may well be typified as a thief, or thieves, who rob men of health, sense, sanity, substance, and opportunity, leaving the victim on the side of the road from Purpose to Accomplishment, stripped of his possessions, wounded and half-dead.
The incident referred to in St. Luke 10:30, illustrates the fate of many who visited Dakota towns in early days-brilliant men of talent, destined to shine in social, official or business life-and fell literally among thieves, who left them stripped, and in the condition of the unfortunate one found by the good Samaritan by the wayside.
It was such incidents as these that brought prohibition into the constitution of North Dakota, and which have resulted in strengthening and perfecting the law, whenever the need has been developed.
CHAPTER XXX
THE PRESS OF NORTH DAKOTA
BISMARCK TRIBUNE ESTABLISHED-A SEVEN-COLUMN FOLIO -- FAIL TO BLUFF EDITOR -BUSINESS WAS GOOD-FARGO EXPRESS APPEARS-OTHER PAPERS-GRAND FORKS HERALD-THE PRESS IN 1882-PRESS OF 1886-PAPERS OF 1884.
BISMARCK TRIBUNE ESTABLISHED
Col. Clement A. Lounsberry established the Bismarck Tribune, the first newspaper published in North Dakota, July 6, 1873, the second number appear- ing July IIth and thereafter weekly without a break. Colonel Lounsberry had been employed as an editorial writer on the Minneapolis Tribune during the campaign of 1872 and through the following winter had reported the proceed- ings of the Minnesota Legislature for the Minneapolis Tribune and St. Paul Dispatch.
In 1868 Colonel Lounsberry was county auditor of Martin County, Minn., and engaged in the publication of the Martin County Atlas when his attention was attracted to the Northern Pacific Railroad, and he determined to establish a newspaper at the Missouri River crossing when the road should reach that point.
When the Southern Minnesota Railroad reached Wells he moved his paper to that point, where he published the Wells Atlas until 1872, when he accepted a position on the Minneapolis Tribune.
In the winter of 1872-73 he met Dennis Hanafin at St. Paul, who gave him a clear and definite account of the situation at the crossing, and on the adjourn- ment of the Legislature he went to Fargo, reaching that point April 4, 1873. There was about a foot of snow at Fargo then, and nothing was doing on the Dakota extension beyond getting ready. He resumed his work on the Minneapo- lis Tribune till May, when he went to Bismarck, arriving there May II, 1873. He completed his arrangements for the establishment of the Bismarck Tribune at that time and the material arrived by the first train in June, upon the comple- tion of the road to Bismarck.
A SEVEN-COLUMN FOLIO
On its first appearance the Tribune was a seven-column folio, well filled with advertising, every business concern, including saloons, dance and gambling halls and sporting houses of every class being represented in the advertising columns.
Charles Lombard was foreman at the time the Tribune was established. Mark Kellogg, who represented the Bismarck Tribune and by arrangement through
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EARLY HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA
Colonel Lounsberry the New York Herald, on the Custer Expedition to the Big Horn and was slain with Custer and his men, assisted in the editorial work on the early numbers. Amos C. Jordan was also connected with the Tribune later in the season, and Theodore F. Singhiser was a contributor. Lounsberry being absent, Jordan and Singhiser were responsible for the articles which led to the midnight raid on Bismarck by members of the Seventh United States Cavalry, resulting in the death of Dave Mullen.
Dave Mullen and Jack O'Neil were running a dance hall at Bismarck. There were several shooting scrapes at their place, some resulting fatally, and the Tribune editorially urged the formation of a vigilance committee to deal with the lawless characters, in the absence of any civil organization.
FAIL TO BLUFF EDITOR
Soon after the Tribune containing this article appeared both Mullen and O'Neil, heavily armed, approached the Tribune office. Colonel Lounsberry met them and said he had heard that they threatened to do some shooting on account of the Tribune's position; that if there was any shooting to be done the quicker it commenced the better it would please him; that he had heard bullets fly before. They said they had come to talk it over; that they had been run out of several places and they had come to Bismarck determined to go no farther; that they expected to die right there and to die with their boots 'on; that they looked upon every stranger as an officer hunting for them or as some one gunning for them, and were determined that no one should get the drop on them; that this accounted for some of the shooting; that they would try to avoid any unnecessary trouble but did ask that the editor refrain from inciting attacks upon them, which they thought articles of that kind might have a tendency to do.
The force of this argument was recognized. County organization followed in a few days and the evil was remedied to some extent. Both lost their lives as they had anticipated. Mullen was killed by the Seventh Cavalry which came in search of one accused of murder, when Mullen fired on them and was killed by a volley from the soldiers. O'Neil was killed later by "Paddy" Hall, who was lying in wait for him between two buildings.
The Northern Pacific closed the road from Fargo to Bismarck during the winter of 1873-74, the last train leaving early in October. Colonel Lounsberry returned to Minneapolis to report the Minnesota Legislature for the Minneapolis Tribune and St. Paul Dispatch, editing the Bismarck Tribune by telegraph, sup- plying by that method his editorial matter and a weekly synopsis of the news. Nathan H. Knappen was left in charge of the paper. The quartermaster at Fort A. Lincoln supplied the Bismarck postoffice with mail. Colonel Lounsberry left Bismarck by team the latter part of November, paying $75 for a team to take him from Bismarck to Jamestown, where he borrowed a team from the quar- termaster at Fort Seward and drove on to Fargo, making the trip in six days. He carried the mail from Fort Lincoln to Fargo, and carried out a large amount of money to be expressed to the banks at St. Paul and Minneapolis, for the Bismarck merchants.
There were no settlers then between Bismarck and Jamestown, none between Jamestown and Valley City, and none between Valley City and Mapleton. Winter
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EARLY HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA
stations had, however, been made in dugouts or in the railroad buildings, so that the trip was made in reasonable comfort. It required two days by rail to reach St. Paul from Fargo, trains then stopping over night at Brainerd.
In 1874 George W. Plumley came to the Tribune, also from the Minneapolis Tribune, and had charge of its mechanical features for a time. E. W. Knight was with the Tribune three years following George W. Plumley.
BUSINESS WAS GOOD
There was no complaint as to a lack of business in 1873. The Tribune had a note of $400 due in St. Paul. Colonel Lounsberry collected enough on the way to St. Paul to pay the note and purchase a needed supply of stock and material.
When the Tribune was established M. C. Russell of the Brainerd Tribune, E. B. Chambers of the Glyndon Gazette and their wives, and W. B. Nickles of the Red River Star at Moorhead, with his sweetheart, came to Bismarck to see that the Tribune was properly ushered into the world. George Alfred Townsend came to Bismarck in a few days and made the Tribune's advertising pages a feature in his letter to the Chicago Tribune.
Marshall Jewell became interested in the Bismarck Tribune in 1878 with Stanley Huntley, of Spoopendyke fame, but their arrangement for the purchase failed and Mr. Jewell remained in charge of the job rooms until he became a joint owner with Mr. Lounsberry in 1881, in connection with the establishment of the Daily Tribune.
Mr. Lounsberry remained with the Tribune until 1884, when he sold to Mr. Jewell and later established the Journal, which was run as a daily during the first legislative session. Mr. Jewell remained at the head of the Tribune until his death, February 9th, 191I.
In 1873 Moorhead was the big town on the line of the Northern Pacific west of Duluth. Brainerd had largely moved to Moorhead or the crossing of the Missouri. Northern Pacific Junction, once the metropolis, had become little more than a memory, and Oak Lake and other towns on the line had entirely disappeared. Fargo was platted in 1872 and the Headquarters Hotel was built, but it was on an Indian reservation, and made little headway in the direction of town building until 1874. Glyndon was then nearly a deserted city.
E. B. Chambers had printed a few copies of the Fargo Express at Glyndon for A. H. Moore, with Capt. Scott Bonney editor, but it had not reached the point of being established as a North Dakota or Fargo newspaper, and was not regularly published. It was printed to show to the officers of the Wells Fargo Express Company that a paper had been established and to obtain a bonus. In this they succeeded and Mr. Fargo contributed $500 for the purchase of a print- ing press.
FARGO EXPRESS APPEARS
January 1, 1874, the genuine Fargo Express made its appearance. It was. edited and published by A. J. Harwood, Gordon J. Keeney and E. W. Knight. That was the first newspaper in North Dakota in the Red River Valley and the second in the state. P. P. Wall, of Audubon, was the printer who installed the
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EARLY HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA
Fargo Express and gave Messrs. Harwood, Keeney and Knight their first lessons as printers and in journalism. Mr. Knight completed his course of instruction in the art preservative on the Bismarck Tribune.
OTHER PAPERS
Later in 1874 A. J. Clark, from Wilton, Minnesota, established the Northern Pacific Mirror at Fargo. Messrs. Hubbard and Tylor became the owners of the Mirror and it was consolidated with the Fargo Express and Glyndon Gazette and became the Fargo Times, with E. B. Chambers editor. Chambers sold to E. D. Barker, and the Times was later consolidated with the Republican, estab- lished by Major A. W. Edwards and Dr. J. B. Hall about June, 1878, and the Republican later with the Forum.
In 1875 George H. Walsh established the Grand Forks Plaindealer, which became a flourishing newspaper under a varied management and was finally consolidated with the Grand Forks Herald.
In 1875, when George Walsh established the Grand Forks Plaindealer, he made much of the fact that the Plaindealer was the only paper published north- west of Fargo. Winnipeg was then known as Fort Garry and Pembina was noted for being the oldest town in North Dakota and the head of the customs district, having a collector while St. Paul had only a deputy.
In 1873 the Northern Pacific Railroad Company failed, bringing ruin to every interest dependent upon the successful construction of that railroad. A few farms were opened by keen-eyed speculators, who purchased the railroad lands with discredited railroad bonds, at a cost of about sixty cents an acre, gaining title to adjoining lands by methods which would not be permitted now by the United States Government; or by the various forms of scrip then on the market at about one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre.
The Jamestown Alert was established by E. H. and C. H. Foster, July 4, 1878, but had a precarious existence. It was suspended from July 17, 1879, till October 7th, of that year, when it was purchased by Marshall McClure, with financial assistance from E. P. Wells and J. J. Nierling. J. C. Warnock edited the Alert during the greater part of McClure's administration, until it was sold to W. R. Kellogg, March 6, 1886. Mr. Kellogg came to Jamestown from the Fargo Argus. Frank Tucker, a young lawyer, was associated with Mr. Kellogg for a few months. The Daily Alert was started February 14, 1881, and in the editorial announcement it was said: "Gentle reader, the Daily Alert is started to live," a prediction which proved true. It has never failed to appear excepting for a few weeks immediately prior to the sale to Kellogg. Warnock afterwards became associated with Will H. Burke in the publication of the Capital at James- town, established in February, 1882. R. W. Davidson, who was also associated with the Capital, was a son-in-law of J. C. Warnock. The publishers were after- wards Ellsworth & Davidson, later Ellsworth & Son, then Burgster & McElroy, who were the publishers when the state was admitted. It is printed daily and . weekly. The German paper, Der Pioneer, established by A. Steinbach, at James- town, in 1883, published in the German language, was finally merged with a German paper at St. Cloud, Minn., and lost its identity.
Major Alanson W. Edwards came to Bismarck in 1876 with Thomas C. Platt
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and Senator George Spencer of Alabama, and went to the Black Hills. He returned to Dakota in June, 1878, and determined to establish the Fargo Repub- lican. Returning to Chicago he associated himself with Dr. J. B. Hall and it was done. The Republican flourished for many years and was finally sold by J. J. Jordan to the Fargo Forum. Major Edwards remained with the Republican about one year, when he retired and established the Daily Argus, the first number of that publication appearing November 17, 1879.
The Argus took the lead of all other North Dakota newspaper establishments and built up an enormous business, extending to Minnesota and South Dakota, as well as to North Dakota points, erecting an office which later became the Hotel Martin. Probably no paper has ever wielded or ever will wield a greater influence in the politics of a territory and state than that exercised by Major Edwards through the Argus in its early days. Major Edwards remained with the Argus until 1891, when it passed into other hands, as the major put it at the time, under circumstances over which he had no control.
Retiring from the Argus in October Major Edwards and Horatio C. Plumley, who had been associated with him on the Argus, established the Fargo Forum, the first number of which appeared November 17, 1891, on the anniversary of the birth of the Argus. The Argus was never a paying venture after Major Edwards left it, and its bones now rest in peace, it having been sold to J. J. Jordan, who later established the Fargo Call, which he conducted successfully several years, and then sold to others.
There were many other newspaper ventures at Fargo, among them the Inde- pendent by C. A. Carson, which went into the Republican. The Evening Post, which was short lived, and the Moon and the Sun, and the Broadaxe. The Sun was published some ten years and was established by W. H. H. Matteson, sold to Fred Hendershot and finally died. Goldy West, at one time with the Argus, established the Sunday Bee. Its sweet life also passed away.
GRAND FORKS HERALD
In 1879 George B. Winship established the Grand Forks Herald, which has flourished from the beginning, and has been a clean and reputable newspaper, and is now published as both a morning and evening daily. That year Dr. H. W. Coe, Sr., established the Northern Pacific Times at Valley City, H. H. Young the Pembina Pioneer, Harry Robinson the Mandan Criterion, Delaney & Herbert the Caledonia Times, E. K. Morrell the Wahpeton Gazette, C. Brandt the Fargo Posten, C. H. Lineau the North Dakota Basunen at Hillsboro, W. R. Maize the Washburn Times, and Frank M. Cornell the Tower City Herald.
In 1880 the number of newspapers in Dakota had increased to 66 and in 1881 to 75, and in June, 1884, the Bismarck Journal spoke of having 160 Dakota newspapers on its exchange list. In the spring of 1880 James A. Emmons estab- lished the Bismarck Sun and A. DeLacy Wood the Signal at Caledonia. The Sheldon Herald was established by O. E. Hogue and the Hillsboro Banner by E. D. Barker.
M. Weisenberg established the Red River Posten. It passed into the hands of the Argus and John C. Miller became its editor.
The Broadaxe was established in the early 'Sos by Captain Egbert and asso-
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EARLY HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA
ciates and hewed to the line regardless of where the chips might fall for a time, but passed on to that land whence there is no resurrection for defunct newspaper establishments.
In 1881 Frank M. Winship established the News at Grafton; A. J. Smith the Times at Hillsboro; Chas. A. Everett the Star at Lisbon; F. H. Ertel the Pioneer, daily and weekly, at Mandan. The Eagle and Times was established at Mayville, the News at Acton and the Times at Grafton; these two were con- solidated as the News and Times, and published by Upham & Winship; R. D. Hoskins established the Bathgate Sentinel; Burke & Saul the Jamestown Capital ; R. I. Smith the Mayville Tribune; E. L. Kilbourne the Casselton Reporter ; and W. G. McKean the Sanborn Enterprise.
THE PRESS IN 1882
January 26, 1882, the Bismarck Tribune said: "No better illustration can be given of North Dakota, and the general prosperity along the entire line of the Northern Pacific Railroad than to call attention to the daily newspaper estab- lishments. Three years ago there was not a daily newspaper on the line. In 1880 Fargo was the first to come to the front in the establishment of the Daily Argus. Jamestown, not to be left in the matter of enterprise, next heralded the Daily Alert in the spring of 1881. Bismarck came in for the third place in April, 1881 (the Daily Tribune), followed by a second daily, the Republican, at Fargo, and the Daily Herald at Grand Forks. Duluth put in an appearance with the Tribune and a couple of months ago the Moorhead Daily Argonaut was born. Brainerd eyed jealously these institutions until last week when she, too, flaunted a daily to the breeze-the Tribune. Mandan will probably come in for the next position." And so it was, the Pioneer having been established that year.
The papers established in 1882 were as follows: The Bismarck Herald, by the Herald Printing Company; the Fargo Evening Post, by Fox & Sanborn; the Northwestern Farmer, by Daily & Mann; the Hamiltonian, at Hamilton, by Frank L. Mitchell; the Pioneer, at Hope, by the Hope Printing Company ; the Pioneer, at Larimore, by Wm. Scott & Co., and the Leader, by E. J. Taylor ; the Republican, at Lisbon, by W. R. Locke; the Inter-Ocean, at Mayville, by G. B. Thompson ; the Record, at Valley City, by Baxter & Davidson ; the Times, at Wahpeton, by C. P. Garred; the Leader, at Ellendale, by Wesley Moran; the Clipper, at Lisbon, by H. S. Harcourt; the Times, at St. Thomas, by J. P. Hager & Co., and the Republican, at Casselton, by Col. W. C. Plummer and S. J. Small.
The newspapers established in 1883 were as follows: The Cooperstown Courier, by E. D. Stair ; the Carrington News, by J. Moreley Wyard; the Devils Lake Inter-Ocean, by H. C. Hansbrough; the Devils Lake Press, by A. M. Powell and H. M. Creel; the Dickinson Press, by J. F. Scott; the Jim River Journal, at Eaton, by C. H. Faulkner; the Ellendale News; the Fargo Sun; the Daily Broadaxe, at Fargo, by the Democratic Publishing Company; the Garfield Gazette, by W. W. Gilbert; the Devils Lake Globe, at Grand Harbor, by Farrell & Wagner; the Journal, at Grand Rapids, by Charles S. Cleveland; the Herald, at Hudson, by Robert H. Busteed; Der Pioneer, at Jamestown, by A. Stein- baugh; the News, at Lakota, by the Winters Printing Company; the Commer-
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EARLY HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA
cial, at Keystone, by L. H. Wilson ; the Chronicle, at LaMoure, by C. C. Bows- field, and the Progress, by W. G. Mckean; the Mandan Times, by J. E. Cates; the Medford Messenger, by W. H. Mitchell; the Capital, at Michigan, by W. Fowler; the Teller, at Milnor, by Falley & Coffin; the Forest River Journal, by L. M. Mitchell & Co .; the New Rockford Transcript, by Hays & Fanning; the Niagara Times, by E. E. Conwell; the Oriska Benefit, by C. H. Bassett; the North Dakota Farmer, by C. E. and W. H. Stone; the Ransom City Pilot, by F. G. Tuttle; the Steele Herald, by Britton & Beech; the Dawson Globe, by Harl J. Cook; the Devils Lake News, by Nadeau & Carrothers. The Commer- cial was moved to Ellendale and Joe Chapple was editing the Grand Rapids Journal and Frederick Adams was publishing the Cooperstown Courier; W. D. Bates established the Park River Gazette; W. H. Ellis and E. S. Gilbert, the Port Emma Times; Ellsworth & Son, the Forman Item; Ellis & Brown, the Ludden Times; Robert H. Busteed, the Oakes Herald. C. F. Garrette was run- ning the Washburn Times and H. C. Upham the Grafton News and Times.
In 1884 there were lively times at Bismarck in the newspaper field. Bis- marck had been chosen the capital of Dakota, on which there was a hard fight by the South Dakota element. E. A. Henderson was running the Evening Capi- tal; Colonel Lounsberry, the Journal; F. D. Bolles, C. F. Garrette and B. Glid- den, the Leader; Palmer & LaShelle, the Advertiser, and J. A. Emmons, the Blade, and for a time during the period of Bismarck's prosperity the Tribune published both morning and evening editions, carrying the full Associated Press dispatches, and as a result of its aggressive work one after another of the opposi- tion went down and the Tribune was left alone in the field.
In 1884, Farrell & Wagner moved their plant from Grand Harbor to Dun- seith and established the Dunseith Herald; W. R. Bierly established the North- west at Grand Forks; W. F. Warner, the Steele County Gazette; A. T. Packard, the Bad Lands Cowboy, at Medora; F. G. Tuttle, the Free Press, at Milnor; J. W. Shepperd, the Dakota Siftings, at Minnewaukan; Grant S. Hager, the Tribune, at Neche; Jay Edwards, the Headlight, at Northfield; H. C. Macororie, the Pilot, at Stanton; G. B. Vallandigham, the North Dakota Democrat, at Valley City; D. R. Streeter, the Emmons County Record; W. B. Kimball, the Yorktown Press; V. B. Noble and John W. Bennett, the Bottineau Pioneer; E. F. Sibley, the Towner County Tribune, at Cando; H. P. Ufford, the Dakota Blizzard, at Casselton; C. E. Stone, the Wheatland Eagle, and A. S. Bliton, the Wheatland Eagle. Rev. D. C. Plannette was publishing at Fargo the Pioneer Methodist.
In 1885, the Sheldon Enterprise was established by Mrs. D. M. Hogue; the Turtle Mountain Times, at Dunseith, by Beckham W. Lair; the Hoskins Herald, by J. W. Kenagy; the Cavalier County Courier, at Langdon, by C. B. C. Doherty; the Mandan Democrat, by Wm. Borgen; the Dakota Bladet, at Port- land, by H. A. Foss; the Portland Inter-Ocean, by A. L. Hicks ; the Steele Ozone, by E. S. Corwin; the Farmers' Alliance, at Valley City, by C. H. Bassett; the Mongo Star, by Rowe & Gordon; the Winona Times, by George J. Douglas; the Caledonia Times, by Dr. E. N. Falk. Col. C. W. Plummer was its editor for a time.
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PRESS OF 1886
In 1886, the Ardock Monitor was established by J. K. Lyons; the Churchs Ferry Sun, by S. A. Nye; the Cooperstown Independent, by J. H. Vallandigham ; the Fort Abercrombie Scout, by F. I. Smith; the Grand Forks Educational News, by A. B. Griffith; the Hamilton News, by McMillan & Muir; the McIntosh County Democrat, at Hoskins, by Orth & Stone; the Inkster Review, by A. B. Smith; the Mouse River Advocate, at Minot, by Frank W. Spear; the Home- stead, Napoleon, by G. A. Bryant; the Milnor Rustler, by J. F. Bowins; the Sheldon Blade, by W. H. Milands; the Wahpeton Globe, by H. W. Troy; the Willow City Eagle, by Jacob P. Hager; the Pembina County Democrat, at Bathgate, by Lee & Woolner; the Ashley Democrat, by Lowhead & Bjornson; the Burlington Reporter, by J. S. Colton, with C. O. Blair as editor; the Drayton Echo, by J. K. Fairchild; the Grand Forks Morning Leader, by W. M. Grant ; the Hunter Eye, by Charles E. Stone; the Lakota Observer, by Lampman & Kelly; the Sergeant County Rustler, by W. L. Straub; the Villard Leader, by R. H. Copeland.
In 1887, the newspapers established were the Bottineau Free Lance, by J. B. Sinclair; the Edgeley Mail, by George B. Brown; the Fargo Churchman, by H. P. Lough; the Normanden, Grand Forks, by H. A. Foss ; the Hillsboro Press, by C. D. and E. M. Baeher; the Lidgerwood Broadaxe, by Shelby Smith; the Minot Rustler-Tribune, by Marshall McClure; the Rainey Buttes Sentinel, by M. L. Ayers; the Oakes Republican, by W. H. Ellis; the Rugby Advance, by David A. Briggs; the Rutland Journal, by L. E. Williams; the Rolette County Democrat, at St. Johns, by J. A. Minder; the Sherbrooke Tribune, by B. H. Simpson & Son; the Spiritwood Bugle, by Eagan & Gleason; the News & Stockman, at Towner, by Robert McComb; the McLean County Mail, by J. E. Britton; the Stark County Herald, at Dickinson, and the New Era, at New Rockford, by Canfield & Fanning.
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