USA > North Dakota > Early history of North Dakota: essential outlines of American history > Part 67
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St. John, Rolette County, is one of the oldest trading points in the state, its business life dating way back to 1843. Joseph Rolette, William H. Moorhead, and others familiar to the history of the later developments of the state, were engaged in trade to a greater or less extent at St. John, and one of the early
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customs stations was established there. It is now a port of entry with deputy collector, and the United States flag flies over the cutsoms office every day of the year from sunrise to sunset. Canadians who came into the country at this point are required to report and show their respect to the country by saluting the old flag and transacting whatever business they may have with the accom- modating customs officials.
WELLS COUNTY
Wells County was originally created in 1873 as Gingras County. The name was changed in 1881 to Wells and its boundaries changed in 1883 and 1885. It was organized in 1884, with 36 townships, the governor appointing Thomas R. Williams, Joseph P. Cox and Marshall Brinton as county commissioners.
The county seat was originally at Sykeston, established by the Sykes interest in connection with their large estates. The construction of the Soo through the center of the county resulted in building up Cathay, Fessenden and Harvey, and in a county seat contest terminating in favor of Fessenden, where it was moved in 1894. The town was named in honor of ex-Surveyor General Fessen- den, formerly of Michigan, under whose administration the original surveys in the county were made. The county is largely settled by Germans. They own farms varying from 160 to 640 acres.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT, NORTH DAKOTA PIONEER
In 1881 Hiram B. Wadsworth and W. L. Hawley of Minnesota shipped in 200 head of young cattle for ranging on the plains west of the Little Missouri River and established the Maltese Cross ranch. Other ranching interests fol- lowed the establishment of the Maltese Cross ranch, but that was the first of importance in North Dakota. In 1880 Joseph and Sylvane Ferris and A. W. Merrifield came to the Little Missouri region and engaged in hunting.
In September, 1883, Theodore Roosevelt came to Medora, North Dakota, for the purpose of hunting. Joseph Ferris accompanied him on his hunting expedition, and on September 17, 1883, on the plains of North Dakota, Mr. Roosevelt killed his first buffalo. On the trip Mr. Roosevelt became interested in the subject of stock growing and on his return purchased the Maltese Cross herd of cattle and placed them in the hands of Sylvane M. Ferris and A. W. Merrifield on the Chimney Butte ranch, seven miles south of Medora. He added several hundred head to the bunch that fall and the next year established the Elkhorn ranch, thirty-five miles down the river from Medora. This ranch was in charge of Sewall and Dow. On the two ranches he had some three thousand head of cattle and twice a year visited these ranches and participated in the round-up, one season remaining until Christmas. There was no part of the work on that ranch in which he did not participate. He was fearless, but none of those who rode the range with him or accompanied him on his hunting trips recall a single instance wherein he could be said to have been reckless. One day one of his employes undertook to frighten him by threats of gun play. Mr. Roosevelt took the gun from him and kicked him out of camp. The fellow was known as a desperado who was expected to shoot on the slightest provocation. He apologized and was restored to his place, but his spirit as a desperado was
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broken. Theodore Roosevelt was not "Teddy" on the range, but "Mr." Roosevelt always, the men showing their respect for him in his absence as well as in his presence. In 1906 his son Kermit rode on horseback from Deadwood to Medora, accompanied by Hon. Seth Bullock, and spent a few days with the ranch friends of Mr. Roosevelt. During his stay at Medora, Mr. Roosevelt was one summer deputy sheriff, and was as fearless and faithful in the performance of his duty as he required his appointees to be. Mrs. Roosevelt visited the ranch in the summer of 1890. He retained his interests in North Dakota cattle growing until 1896, when he closed out with profit.
After his election as President Mr. Roosevelt wrote as follows:
WHITE HOUSE, WASHINGTON, November 10, 1904.
My Dear Joe and Sylvane :
No telegram that I received pleased me more than yours, and I thank you for it. Give my warm regards to Mrs. Joe, Mrs. Sylvane and all my friends.
Sincerely yours,
THEODORE ROOSEVELT, The Medora President.
The logs that were in the Chimney Butte ranch headquarters were taken to St. Louis and to Portland and reerected as they appeared on the range, and were a leading attraction at the Louisiana Purchse and Lewis and Clark exposi- tions, and were then returned to Bismarck, where the Roosevelt cabin became a permanent exhibit in the custody of the State Historical Society.
Marquis de Mores came to North Dakota in April, 1883, a short time before Mr. Roosevelt, and invested large sums of money in stock growing and in the packing industry, his intention being to grow the stock and kill them on the range, shipping in refrigerator cars to the eastern markets. He built a fully equipped slaughter house at Medora, with all the appurtenances necessary for the economical handling of all of the by-products. He built cold storage houses at Bismarck, Fargo, Duluth and other points and carried on an enormous business until 1886, when he realized that he was in advance of the times and withdrew, returning to France.
In 1883 Sir John Pindar and Commodore Henry Gorringer became asso- ciated in a cattle enterprise near the Roosevelt and De Mores ranches, and invested largely in stock growing. Mr. Hostetter also had large investments in this vicinity. Hon. A. C. Huidekoper of Pennsylvania and associates became interested in this region and afterwards made heavy investments in land and stock, closing out in 1906 for the sum of $250,000 to Fred Pabst of the Pabst Brewing Company. Pierre Wibaux invested some $200,000 in stock in this region, beginning also in the early days. The Eaton brothers of the Custer Trail ranch were also among the early factors in the development of that region. The very first, however, to establish a stock business west of the Missouri was E. G. Paddock, who was engaged in freighting to the cantonment at the Little Missouri in 1879. He brought in a herd of cows to supply the cantonment with milk.
The terminus of the Northern Pacific Railroad remained at Bismarck until 1880, when the work of construction commenced west of the Missouri River. The winter preceding a track was laid across the Missouri River on the ice, and much of the heavy material was pushed across the river that winter on the
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ice bridge. During the construction of the permanent railroad bridge, built in 1881-2, costing upwards of $1,500,000, cars were transferred by boat. The road crossed the western boundary of the state and was extended to the Yellowstone in 1881.
THE BURLEIGH COUNTY PIONEERS
On the evening of December 1, 1873, in the log building of Dimmick and Tippie, on the corner of Main and Third streets, there was formed an association of the early settlers of Bismarck and vicinity called the Burleigh County Pioneers, whose object, as stated in their constitution, was "to promote the social, business and agricultural interests of Bismarck and vicinity." The charter members were C. A. Lounsberry, C. H. McCarty, Edward Donahue, Dr. B. F. Slaughter, C. W. Freede, H. N. Holway, L. T. Marshall, C. W. Clarke, J. E. Walker, M. Tippie, W. T. McKay, A. C. Tippie, Gus Galbraith, J. W. Raymond and Capt. John W. Smith.
The officers elected were: Dr. B. F. Slaughter, president; Charles H. McCarty, vice president; Gus Galbraith, recording secretary; Col. C. A. Louns- berry, corresponding secretary ; Maj. J. E. Walker, treasurer.
This society was at once a bureau of immigration, a general intelligence office and a board of trade.
For two years the Pioneers kept two secretaries at work sending out literature and answering inquiries from abroad, and Bismarck was the most extensively advertised burgh in America. In April, 1874, they fitted up headquarters and a public reading room in Dr. Slaughter's building on Third street, known as Pioneer Hall, which was one of the most attractive places in the city. They accumulated a valuable library and elected W. S. Brown, librarian, and W. J. Craw, assistant secretary.
At a meeting held on February 9, 1874, the association resolved to publish a pamphlet to advertise the country and to elect a historian, whose duty it should be to prepare it. A committee, consisting of M. Tippie, J. B. Bailey and N. H. Knappen, was appointed to make the selection, and they chose Mrs. Linda W. Slaughter as historian of Pioneers, and she was elected an honorary member of the association. Her pamphlet, entitled "The New Northwest-A History of Bismarck and Vicinity," was in the hands of the secretary within two weeks from the date of the resolution. Two thousand copies were printed in the office of the Bismarck Tribune, 1,000 of which were mailed by the secretary to all parts of the country and the other 1,000 was distributed among the members for gratuitous distribution. The good results of this enterprise were soon apparent. Immigrants poured in from all quarters and the author of the pamphlet lived to see her predictions in regard to the coming greatness of the country fully verified.
Washington's birthday, February 22, 1874, was observed by the Pioneers by a grand ball at the Capitol Hotel. Tickets sold readily at $5 each, and thereafter each year for a number of years at each anniversary of the formation of the society an annual ball was held and large sums were realized for the society from the sale of tickets.
Below are the names of the members of the Burleigh County Pioneers recorded in their own handwriting in the secretary's book of their constitution and by-laws, now in the possession of the State Historical Society :
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C. A. Lounsberry, C. H. McCarty, Edward Donahue, B. Frank Slaughter, C. W. Freede, H. N. Holway, L. T. Marshall, C. W. Clarke, J. E. Walker, M. Tippie, W. T. McKay, A. C. Tippie, Gus Galbraith, J. W. Raymond, John W. Smith, John Harris, John W. Proctor, Fred C. Hollenbeck, H. N. Ross, Charles A. Gal- loway, David Crouther, C. J. Miller, Richard Farrell, Chris Hiehli, Fred W. Edgar, Louis Agard, Nicholas Byrnes, T. F. Singhiser, M. L. Marsh, N. H. Knappen, S. L. Beckel, Henry Suttle, E. N. Corey, John A. McLean, Robert Macnider, J. D. Wakeman, R. D. Jennings, Thomas Van Etten, Mark Warren, Edmond Hackett, James A. Emmons, S. E. Doner, Will J. Craw, Henry Dion, John P. Forster, J. B. Bailey, R. R. Marsh, William Woods, Alexander McKenzie, John A. Stoyell, H. Brownson, Alonzo Murry, Mason Martin. L. H. Melton, Richard Connelly, John Bowen, Henry Waller, George G. Gibbs, James H. Mar- shall, Joseph Pennell, John Wringrose, James Browning, J. O. Simmons, W. Ward Bill, John Whalen, S. Lambert, Theodore Shenkenberg, Peter Brasseau, Jesse Ayers, William Coleman, William Hollowbush, J. McGee, Josiah Delameter, J. P. Dunn, Thomas McGowan, Nicholas Comer, Norman Beck, Isadore Bur- lingette, Thomas Reid, Louis Bonin, George Peoples, Asa Fisher, J. H. Lovelle, John W. Plummer, Willard S. Brown, J. H. Richards, J. C. Dodge, H. P. Bogue, P. H. Galligher, Nicholas Comerford, W. S. Lawrence, Charles F. Hobart, J. C. Cady, S. M. Townsend, George Enreigh, N. Dunkleberg, John Mason, John Yegen, Joseph Deitrich, L. N. Griffin, Cornelius Collins, T. P. Davis, W. H. H. Comer, Charles Saunders, R. Page and Edward B. Ware.
THE BISMARCK LADIES' HISTORICAL SOCIETY
The Ladies' Historical Society of Bismarck and North Dakota was formally organized in September, 1889. Previously to this it had existed as a little knot of ladies in Bismarck, who, having experienced the hardships and isolation that marked the early days of settlement in the new city, were drawn together in bonds of the closest friendship. Their first meetings were chiefly social and were held at the home of Mrs. Slaughter. One peculiarity of their constitution was that no dues should be paid, and its membership was at first limited to the ladies who had lived in Bismarck during the years 1872 and 1873. It afterwards broadened out to admit the wives of the old settlers of those years. At the reorganization, in 1889, all ladies who had lived in the territory previous to its admission as a state were made eligible to membership, and at its last reorgan- ization and incorporation as the North Dakota State Historical Society gentlemen were allowed admittance on equal terms.
The first officers of the ladies' society of the year 1872, who retained their positions until the incorporation in 1889, were: President, Linda W. Slaughter ; board of directors, Lucy Baily, Phoebe A. Marsh, Charlotte H. Davis, Nina B. Emmons, Linda W. Slaughter, Mrs. Alice O'Brien. The oldest of the old settler ladies was honorary president, and Miss Rosalind C. Slaughter, the youngest, was secretary. Mrs. John P. Dunn and Mrs. Winnifred Nichols, settlers of 1873, were later members.
Mrs. Alice O'Brien was born in Ireland and came to Bismarck in July, 1872, with her husband, Matheus O'Brien. Their family consisted of Mrs. Sebry, the aged mother of Mrs. O'Brien, and a large group of sons and daughters. Several
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of the latter were married to farmers, who were the first to open farms near the new city.
Mrs. Linda W. Slaughter was the wife of Dr. B. Frank Slaughter, post sur- geon of Camp Hancock, and came to Bismarck from Fort Rice in August, 1872, with her husband and baby. Dr. Slaughter resigned from the army in November, 1873, to become a citizen of Bismarck, and both husband and wife were iden- tified with the leading events of the early years in the new city. Dr. Slaughter died December 26, 1896, of paralysis.
Mrs. Thomas Van Etten came to Bismarck from Minnesota with her husband and family in 1873 and resided on a farm near Bismarck until 1882, when, hav- ing realized a large sum from the sale of their land, they returned to their old home in Minnesota. Mrs. Van Etten afterwards died of consumption.
Mrs. Nina B. Emmons was the wife of James A. Emmons, one of the first board of commissioners of Burleigh County, and a leading business man of Bis- marck. She came to Bismarck in September, 1872, and was the first bride in Bis- marck. They removed to Nebraska in 1885.
Mrs. Charlotte H. Davis was the wife of Thomas P. Davis, one of the early contractors on the Northern Pacific grade. They came to Bismarck in 1872. Mr. Davis was killed by accident in Bismarck in 1894 and Mrs. Davis returned to her old home in Canada.
Mrs. Lucy Baily came to Bismarck with her husband, James Buell Baily, in August, 1872. They were for some years engaged in the business of hotel keep- ing. Mr. Baily died in 1879 and Mrs. Baily in January, 1895.
Miss Rosalind C. Slaughter, who was for so long the faithful secretary of the society, is the daughter of Dr. B. F. and Linda W. Slaughter and was a babe in arms when she came to Camp Hancock with her parents in 1872. She attended school in Bismarck and Washington, D. C. On October 21, 1896, she was mar- ried to Mr. A. W. Dearborn of Eagle Lake, Minn., where she now resides with her husband.
Mrs. Christina Dunn came to Bismarck in 1873 and is the wife of John P. Dunn, one of the first board of commissioners of Burleigh County, and long engaged as a druggist in Bismarck, where she still resides. Mrs. Dunn is now engaged in millinery at Bismarck.
Mrs. Winnifred Nichols came to Bismarck in 1873 with her husband, John Nichols, and their family of children. They long resided on a farm near the city. Mr. Nichols died in 1896. Mrs. Nichols and several of their daughters now reside in Bismarck.
Mrs. Phoebe A. Marsh came to Bismarck with her husband, R. R. Marsh, from Pennsylvania in 1872 and opened the Capitol Hotel on the present site of the Central Block on Main street. They now reside on a farm near Menoken.
The object of the ladies' society, as stated in their constitution, was to pro- mote friendship and good will among the old settlers of Bismarck and Burleigh County and to preserve the records of the early history of the county and state in correct and permanent form.
This society having organized under the name of North Dakota State His- torical Society, an arrangement was made with them whereby they merged their organization into the present State Historical Society, the members of this society becoming honorary members of the new organization.
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EARLY HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA
RANSOM COUNTY
Early in 1869 a colonization company with Capt. Lafayette Hadley as presi- dent came to Owego Township and settled on what, after being surveyed, proved to be section 16. They named the company "The Owego Colonization Com- pany," platted a townsite and named it Owego after their former home on the Susquehanna. Several families came and numerous buildings were erected, and the colony prospered for a year or so. During the following summer the male members of the colony, who were old enough, all went to work on the Northern Pacific Railroad, and an "Indian scare" drove all the families away. The town- site scheme was abandoned and the buildings burned by the Indians. Samuel Horton was a member of this colony and lived there with his family.
William Hutchins, the oldest resident of the county, freighted through the county in 1868. At that time there were two residents, John Knudson, a Nor- wegian, living on the Sheyenne River on section 2 in Owego Township, and Dave Faribault, a half-breed Sioux and nephew of the old Chief Faribault, was living on the Sheyenne near the present residence of H. S. Gates. Faribault kept a Government station, but his place being out of the direct line of travel, he was removed to a point near Owego, called in that day "Pigeon Point," where he kept a station for several years.
The first land was entered in 1870 by Peter Bonner at a point now known as Bonnersville on the Sheyenne River.
A little later Herman and Helmuth Schultz and F. Baguhn settled in Owego Township, near the old colony townsite. Joseph L. Colton was the first settler on the townsite of Lisbon, where he built a mill in 1878, and laid out the town in September, 1880.
Fort Ransom was established in 1866 for the purpose of keeping the hostile Sioux in check, and guarding the trains of emigrants going westward. It was named for Gen. T. E. G. Ransom of the U. S. Army, and the county was named for this fort. The old earthwork, in the form of a quadrangle about two hun- dred and fifty by three hundred feet in dimensions, and six feet high, portions of the powder magazine and cellars and fragments of buildings, the old lime kiln and slaughter houses, are yet to be seen. On the brow of the hill north of the fort are the remains of six graves walled up with stone and mortar, where soldiers were buried and the bodies afterward removed.
The fort was abandoned in 1872 and moved to Fort Seward, near Jamestown. The buildings left by the Government were stolen by the early settlers.
The old "Oregon Trail" crosses the county diagonally about six miles south of Lisbon. On the SE 1/4, section 2, township 133, range 56, is a large camping place with earthworks thrown up in a circle over forty rods across where the Oregon emigrants protected themselves against an attack from the Indians.
The remains of several Indian gardens and villages are yet visible along the Sheyenne Valley. At the old crossing near J. E. Brunton's is the outline of a large village and near it are earthworks built by white men to guard the ford and as a camp for benighted travelers.
Sibley's expedition crossed the Sheyenne and established Camp Hayes and celebrated the 4th of July, 1863. Ex-Governor Horace Austin of Minnesota, then
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captain of Company B, First Regiment, Mounted Rangers, addressed the troops, being the first 4th of July oration delivered in Ransom County. A tall liberty pole of white ash was erected. The expedition passed about a mile and a half north of Lisbon and established "Camp Wharton" on sections 19 and 20, town- ship 135, range 56, where it halted until Sunday morning, July 12th, waiting for a supply train to arrive from Alexandria, Minn., when it passed on and crossed the Sheyenne River at Stony Ford near Sorenson's Mills in Barnes County.
Ransom County was created by act of the Territorial Legislature, January 4, 1873, from Pembina, and by act of the Legislature, February 7, 1877, the County of Ransom was attached to the County of Richland for the purpose of recording deeds, mortgages and other instruments.
On March 7, 1881, Governor Ordway appointed as commissioners Frank Probert, Gilbert Hanson and George H. Colton. Their first meeting was held April 4, 1881, and Frank Probert was chosen chairman. At the meeting next day the "county seat was located at Lisbon." The following officers were appointed : J. L. Colton, register of deeds and county clerk; George H. Man- ning, sheriff ; A. H. Moore, deputy sheriff ; John Kinan, treasurer ; J. P. Knight, judge of probate; M. A. Smith, assessor ; Peter H. Benson, Thomas Olson, Amos Hitchcock and Thomas Harris, Sr., justices of the peace ; John Ording, Solomon Robinson, Orlando Foster and Edward Ash, constables ; Eben W. Knight, super- intendent of schools; E. C. Pindall, county surveyor; W. W. Bradley, coroner. Joseph J. Rogers was employed as counsel for the board of commissioners.
January 1, 1883, the following officers qualified: D. F. Ellsworth, Randolph Holding and M. L. Engle, commissioners ; A. H. Laughlin, register of deeds; A. C. Kvella, treasurer, and A. H. Moore, sheriff. M. L. Engle was elected chairman of the board.
Among the old settlers who came previous to 1884 were: W. H. Smith, J. S. Cole, S. Robinson, Judge E. J. Ryman, J. Peterman, F. P. Allen, H. A. Haugan, A. Sandager, Thomas A. Curtis, H. K. Adams, R. S. Adams, A. John- son, M. B. Rose, A. H. Laughlin, M. E. Moore, Stewart Heron, H. H. Grover, H. S. Grover, Thomas J. Harris, E. S. Lovelace, T. J. Walker, Thomas E. Harris, S. W. Bale, John E. Fleming, W. W. Moore, Robert Perigo, G. E. Knapp, D. H. Buttz, Fred K. Moore, I. J. Oliver, John H. Oerding, P. W. Skiffington, F. W. Baguhn, J. S. Sullivan, F. M. Probert, Joseph Goodman, P. P. Goodman, M. L. Engle, H. S. Oliver, T. M. Elliott, William Trumble, J. E. Wisner, Maj. C. W. 'Buttz and J. E. Brunton.
TOWNER COUNTY
Towner County, named for Col. O. M. Towner, a prominent figure in the early days of North Dakota, founder of the Elk Valley farm, and other important enterprises, was created March 8, 1883, from parts of Cavilier and Rolette counties.
The county was first settled in 1881 and was organized in 1883 by the appoint- ment, November 6 of that year, of P. T. Parker, H. C. Davis and J. W. Connella as county commissioners, but J. S. Conyer was substituted for the latter on the day of organization.
In 1886 Cando was established and forty acres scripped and laid out as a
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townsite by J. A. Percival of Devils Lake, who also purchased the three adjoin- ing forties entered by H. C. Davis.
June 2, 1884, the county was divided into school districts and the following were appointed as judges of school election: District No. I, J. L. Miller, J. H. McCune and Frederick Lemke-election at A. S. Gibbens'; district No. 2, Frank Blair, C. C. Edwards and J. W. Hardee-election at the county building.
The county was divided into commissioner districts in October, and voting precincts and judges were ordered as follows: At the store of W. H. Lane, T. W. Conyers, A. S. Gibbens and T. F. Hesse, judges; at the county building, John Smith, C. C. Marks and Mike Rocke, judges; at Richard D. Cowan's, James Dunphy, George Edmonson and J. Pinkerton, judges.
The county officers elected that fall were H. C. Davis, J. S. Conyers and R. D. Cowan, commissioners; W: E. Pew, register of deeds ; W. H. Lane, super- intendent of schools; J. W. Hardee, judge of probate; Edward Gorman, sheriff ; T. W. Conyers, coroner; James Dunphy and John Nelson, justices of the peace ; John Rocke, treasurer; R. J. Cowan, assessor; R. D. Cowan, constable. A. M. Powell continued to act as clerk of the court.
A prominent factor in the early settlement of Towner County in 1883 was the Missouri Colony. They came largely from Pike County, which has fur- nished many immigrants for all portions of the North and West, and is famous from once having been the home of Joseph Bowers and his red-headed rival, who married Joe's sweetheart when he was off in California trying to raise a stake.
This colony consisted of about forty men, and they had seventy carloads of stock and immigrant movables. Among them was Capt. P. P. Parker, Frank L. Wilson, Col. John Ely, J. H. McCune, James H. McPike, A. H. Riggs, George W. Clifton, A. H. Steele, William Steele, Wilson Williams, Guy M. Germond, C. B. Riggs, T. W. Conyers, Ed Preist, James M. Hanson, Joseph Grotte, John Crow and Amos Glasscock.
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