USA > North Dakota > Early history of North Dakota: essential outlines of American history > Part 7
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80
All of the bodies of the dead were shot full of arrows. The skull of Henry's father-in-law was carried away for a drinking cup, and indignities perpetrated on other bodies too horrible to describe.
TRIAL OF THE NEW POLICY
From the time of the consolidation of the companies there was a change in policy-a change in the grade and strength of the liquors sold to the Indians, and in the profits, which were greater, and from that time on there were no presents,
49
EARLY HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA
and no liquor given to induce trade, but an amicable arrangement was made between the North-West and Hudson's Bay companies whereby strife, for a while, ceased, and the Indians were obliged to pay for whatever they received. But this happy condition did not continue to exist, as we shall see later. It was bad enough before.
October 6, 1805, the Hudson's Bay Company built their new post at Pembina, and Alexander Henry, in carrying out the new policy, immediately made a divi- sion of the Indians, giving the Hudson's Bay Company, Tabishaw and other troublesome Indians among their portion, and thereupon refused to make the usual distribution of liquors ; being determined that they should not taste a drop while they lay around the fort idle, but gave them credit for many necessary articles. Some flattered, some threatened, and others caressed him; still others declared that they would not hunt, but to no purpose, they were still refused. "With no X. Y. to spoil and support them in idleness, we obliged them to pay their debts," wrote Mr. Henry, "and not a drop was given them at the fort."
CHANGE IN MANAGERS
Mr. Henry was succeeded for a short time at Fort Pembina by Mr. Charles Mckenzie, and then by Mr. John Wills. John Tanner in his Narrative says, relative to his experience with the latter, that Mr. Wills called the Indians together, and giving them a ten-gallon keg of rum and some tobacco, told them that thereafter he would not credit them to the value of a needle, but would give them whatever was necessary for their convenience and comfort in exchange for whatever they had to sell. He not only refused them credit, but in many instances abused the Indians for asking it. Tanner was ordered away from the fort because he asked for the accommodation which had hitherto been extended him, and in his distress for the necessaries of life, he went to the Hudson's Bay Company's agent, and was given the credit desired.
When he brought in his peltries Mr. Wills forcibly took possession of them, and threatened to kill him when he demanded them, and did draw a pistol on him when he came to recover them and turn them over to the Hudson's Bay Company, pursuant to his agreement.
OUTLYING POSTS WITHDRAWN
The winter of 1805-06 the opposition having dropped out, there was no longer reason to keep up outlying posts. Henry's return of the catch at Fort Pembina that season embraced 776 beaver skins, 74 bear, 533 wolf, 276 fox, 63 raccoon, 140 fisher, 102 otter, 271 marten and 141 mink.
One year later the Hudson's Bay Company reestablished its trading house at Pembina, in charge of Hugh Heney, who arrived at the post September 12, 1807, with two boats from Hudson Bay for the Hudson's Bay Company. Mr. Heney extended the usual credits to worthy Indians, notwithstanding the previous under- standing with Alexander Henry. The population of the Red River country in 1807, not in the employ of the fur companies, aside from Indians, numbered forty-five, known as "freemen."
On September 12, 1807, the post at Grand Forks was reestablished by Alex- Vol. I-4
50
EARLY HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA
ander Henry's sending his cousin, William Henry and seven men there from Fort Pembina. A week later, on September 19th, Hugh Heney sent a boat and a skiff and six men to Grand Forks to establish a Hudson's Bay Company post at that point.
ANARCHY AND HOSTILITY
The spring of 1808 opened at Fort Pembina upon scenes brutal and lawless in the extreme, but so familiar had these crimes become to Alexander Henry that in his journal he briefly alludes to the murder of an Indian by his wife, and to a disturbance on that day, when the Indians in camp at the fort used some kegs of high wines that had been given them by William Henry, then in charge of the fort, and as a parting treat a ten-gallon keg of alcohol, gratis.
Chief Porcupine's son was murdered, receiving fifteen stabs from a relative, and Mr. Henry observes: "Murders among these people are so frequent that we pay little attention to them. The only excuse is that they were drunk."
A NIGHT ATTACK
The fort at Pembina was attacked by a party of 200 Sioux at midnight of July 22, 1808. There were then twenty-two men bearing arms, fifty women and many children encamped in the vicinity.
Alexander Henry defended the fort with the men encamped outside, nine men inside, and a mortar loaded with one pound of powder and thirty balls, which had recently been added to the equipment.
At the hour of attack the Indians had been drinking heavily, and were gen- erally asleep in their tents. Their arms were in the fort and the gates were closed, but when roused they clambered over the stockade and secured their arms, hurrying the women and children into the fort.
The piece when in action was aimed in the direction where the Sioux could be plainly heard addressing their men, and no such noise as its roar had ever been heard on the Red River before. The balls clattered through the tree tops and some took effect, for the lamentations of the Sioux for their fallen comrades could be distinctly heard.
For a few moments only the firing continued and the Sioux were next heard at some distance, then farther off, farther and farther. About sunrise they could be dimly discerned filing away to the southward.
Their pursuers found the stain of blood where the Sioux were first heard, and evidence of a hasty retreat. On the spot where they put on their war bonnets and adjusted their accoutrements, making ready for the assault, upwards of one hundred old shoes were found; also some scalps, remnants of leather and buffalo robes, saddle cloths, pieces of old saddles, paunches and bladders of water for their journey-and a lone grave on the prairie where one of their dead had been left. The loss at the fort was one dog killed by the Sioux shots.
POSTS ON THE RED RIVER
The furs sent from the Red River posts in 1808 included 696 beaver skins, 161 black bear, 956 marten, 196 mink, 168 otter, 118 fisher, 46 raccoon. There were
51
EARLY HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA
also shipped 3,159 pounds of maple sugar. The provisions consumed at Fort Pembina by the party of that year, consisted, among other things, of 147 buffalo (63,000 pounds), 6 deer, 4 bears, 775 sturgeon (weighing from 50 to 150 pounds each), 1,150 other fish, 140 pounds of pounded meat and 325 bushels of potatoes.
Alexander Henry was ordered August 3, 1808, to the Saskatchewan, to take charge of that district (where he lived three years) and in a few days bade fare- well to the Red River, after sixteen winters among the Chippewa.
He was drowned in the Columbia River near St. George, May 22, 1814, on the way in a small boat from St. George to board a vessel called the Isaac Tod, which lay at anchor outside the bar at the mouth of the river.
The post at Pembina, seized by Governor Robert Semple, March 30, 1816, was maintained until 1823. Charles Hesse and Alexander Fraser were there when it was taken over by the Hudson's Bay Company.
CHARLES HESSE
Charles Hesse was a clerk in the employ of the North-West Company at Grand Portage in 1779, and is mentioned in connection with Red River matters by Henry, October 16, 1801, when he and his young wife arrived at Red Lake. On February 22, 1804, they went to Red Lake for maple sugar. September 18th Hesse left Pembina with eight men to reestablish the post at Park River, which was accomplished the first of October. At the same time Augustin Cadotte reopened trade at Salt River, to oppose the X. Y. Company.
In one of the battles between the Sioux and Chippewa, Hesse's property was destroyed and all his family were killed, except a daughter, who was taken pris- oner by the Sioux. Hesse invaded the camp alone in the hope of effecting her rescue, and the Sioux had such great admiration for his bravery that they gave him an opportunity to redeem her. He succeeded in raising a considerable sum for that purpose from his fellow traders, but his daughter refused to go with her white father, preferring her dusky Sioux warrior who had treated her kindly.
EARLY TRAFFIC ON THE RED RIVER
There was traffic of considerable importance on the Red River in these early days. Some of the ladings by the North-West Company from Pembina in 1808, bound for the mouth of the Assiniboine and Mouse rivers, were as follows :
A long boat-Angus McDonald, Charles Larocque, Pierre Martin, Jean Bap- tiste Lambert, 282 bags of pemmican, I bag potatoes, 42 kegs of grease, 2 kegs of gum, 224 pieces, 2 pair of cart wheels, I leather tent, I oilcloth tent, I cow (buffalo, slaughtered), bark and wattap (for repairing canoe).
A boat-Joseph Lambert, Pierre Vandle, Antoine Lapointe, 2 kegs of guin, 5 kegs of grease, 107 pieces, I bag potatoes, I pair cart wheels, I leather tent, I oilcloth tent, I cow.
A Lake Winnipeg canoe-Houle (may be Francois) Charbonneau, Fleury, Suprennant, 21 bags pemmican, I keg of potatoes, 3 kegs of grease, 24 pieces, 1 buffalo.
52
EARLY HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA
A canoe -- André Beauchemin, Joseph Bourree, 20 packs, W. W. 2, 13 bags of pemmican, I bag of potatoes, 3 kegs of grease, 36 pieces, I buffalo.
A canoe-Angus Brisbois, Jean Baptiste' Larocque, Jean Baptiste Demerais, 20 packs, W. W. 2, 9 taureaux, 3 kegs or grease, 2 bags of potatoes, 32 packs and McD.'s baggage, 2 bales of meat, I buffalo.
A canoe-Louis Demerais, Joseph Plante, Cyrile Paradis, Michael Damp- house, 10 packs, W. W. 2, 2 kegs of grease, 2 bags of potatoes, 12 pieces and Henry's baggage, 2 buffalo and 4 bales of meat.
L. L. canoe-Charles Bottineau, Jervis (Gervais) Assiniboine, 22 kegs of grease, I bag of potatoes, 10 bags of potatoes, 32 pieces, I buffalo.
S. canoe-Antoine Larocque, Bonhomme Menteur, 10 kegs of grease, I bag potatoes, I cow.
N
3
SHINGTON
MY
SUPERIOR
M
N
VERM
NEY
K
M
ING
C
C
R
AD
0
S
D
0
ORADO
İMISSOURI
KENTUCKY
ROLL
ORTH
I
TH SOU
ARKANSAS
℮
CARO
NIVEL
A
O/R
G
Z
A
TERRITORY OF LOUISIANA 1662-176%
SO LOUISIANA as proclaimed by LASALLE April 9. 1682-Commercial rights overthis territory werde granted by Louis XIVte Antoinede Crozat asfarasthe Illinois River Sept 14,1712-The entire territory was ceded by Franceto Spain Nov.3.1762.
A T
] Grant of CHARLES V. of Spain to DE NARVAEZ
In 1526.
C
5
Pertrong and Gul Helm
MI
2
N
CIFI
HURON
E A
LAKE ERIE
IPENNSYLYA
! WEST AVIRGINY
VIRGINA
C
C
Ton
E
XE HOM
ARKANSAS
RIZONA
NEW
MEXICO.
MISSISSIPPI
GULF OF MEXICO
Cops Florida
R
2. LAKE
N
ASTON
THE NORRIS PETERS CO. WASHINGTON D. C
CHAPTER V
THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE
EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE PURCHASE-DISCOVERY AND ACQUISITION-LEWIS AND CLARK-THE JUNE RISE IN THE MISSOURI RIVER-THE ARIKARA VILLAGES- GREAT HERDS OF BUFFALO, ELK AND OTHER GAME-MANDAN VILLAGES-FORT MANDAN-THE FLAG ON FORT MANDAN-STARS AND STRIPES-THE WINTER OF 1804-05 IN NORTH DAKOTA-THE BEAUTIFUL NORTHERN LIGHTS-VISITING TRADERS-SAKAKAWEA, THE BIRD-WOMAN-THE MISSOURI FUR COMPANY-THE RETURN OF THE MANDAN CHIEF.
"Though watery deserts hold apart The worlds of east and west, Still beats the self-same human heart In each proud nation's breast." -Oliver Wendell Holmes.
DISCOVERY AND ACQUISITION
The Mississippi River was discovered by Fernando de Soto, a native of Spain who in 1519, accompanied the governor of Darien (now Panama) to America, leaving his service in 1528, to explore the coast of Guatemala and Yucatan in search of a passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. After explorations and military service under Pizarro in Peru, early in April, 1538, he undertook the conquest of Florida, then a vast region under the Emperor Charles V of Spain, sailing with a large expedition, and arriving at Tampa Bay, then called Espiritu Santo, May 25, 1539. Seeking gold he explored the rivers of Florida, contending with Indians and pestilential fever, and marched to the northwest and reaching the Mississippi River in the spring of 1541, he marched southwest and northwest in his discoveries, and to the White River, his western limit, then proceeding south in March and April, 1542, along the Washita to, and follow- ing, the banks of the Mississippi, during May or June, he contracted the fever and died at the age of forty-six. His body wrapped in a mantle was buried in the stream.
Spaniards have the reputation of being unsuccessful colonizers and de Soto's followers were no exception to the rule. A statement in verse by Prof. William P. Trent, in 1898, accurately describes the quality of their policy, and its results :
"Thine hour has come: a stronger race Succeeds and thou must fall, Thy pride but adding to thy sad disgrace, As wormwood unto gall.
53
54
EARLY HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA
And yet thou hast but reaped what thou hast sown, For in thy pride of strength,
Thou didst the kingdom of the mind disown, And so art sunk at length."
In the seventeenth century, Robert Cavalier Sieur de La Salle, emigrant from France to Canada in 1666, and founder of La Chine, in 1669, was leader of an exploring expedition to the head of Lake Ontario and subsequently to the Ohio River and down that river to the site of the present City of Louisville.
In the autumn of 1674, he went to France, and as the result obtained a grant of Fort Frontenac and the settlement May 13, 1675. In 1678, having estab- lished in Canada a center for the fur trade of French and Indian settlers in opposition to another organization, he obtained permission from the French government to carry on western explorations for five years, to establish posts and have exclusive control of the trade in buffalo skins, exception being made to trade with the Ottawas who disposed of their furs in Montreal.
In this voyage of discovery, with a company of about thirty men, he sailed for La Rochelle, July 14th, and having established a post, and near the mouth of the Niagara River, built a boat of 55 tons, called the "Griffon," in August, 1679, set out on his expedition, passing through Lakes Erie, St. Clair, Huron and Michigan to Green Bay, thence in canoes to the mouth of the St. Joseph's River, where he established a trading post called Fort Miami, then ascending the St. Joseph's, he crossed to the Kankakee and sailed down until he reached a village of the Illinois, with whom he treated and in January, 1680, having partly built a post near the present site of Peoria, called Fort Crevecoeur, he retraced his steps to Canada from the mouth of the St. Joseph's, striking across Michigan, made his way overland to Lake Erie, and then to his post at Niagara. There he assembled another party and set out again for Fort Crevecoeur with supplies, but finding the fort abandoned he explored the Illinois River to its mouth, and returned for recruits and supplies. December 21, 1681, he started with a party from Fort Miami, ascended the Chicago River, crossed to the Illinois and descended to the Mississippi, and camping with the Indians kept on until the river divided, exploring each channel to the Gulf of Mexico, and on April 9, 1682, erected a cross and a monument bearing the arms of France and the inscrip- tion : "Louis the Great, King of France and of Navarre, Reigns This Ninth of April, 1682," at the mouth of the Mississippi, and ran up the French flag. taking formal possession of the country through which the river flowed. The chanting of the Te Deum, the Exaudiat and the Domine Salvum fac Regem, was included in the exercises, which closed with the firing of a salute and cries of "Vive le Roi."
Possession was proclaimed in the following words as translated for Sparks' Life of La Salle :
"In the name of the most high, mighty, invincible and victorious prince, Louis the Great, by the grace of God, King of France and of Navarre, four- teenth of that name, this ninth day of April, 1682, I, in virtue of the commis- sion of His Majesty, which I hold in my hand, and which may be seen by all whom it may concern, have taken, and do now take in the name of His Majesty and of his successors to the crown, possession of this country of Louisiana, the seas, harbors, ports, bays, adjacent straits, and all the nations, people, provinces,
07
2
MINIO
N
€
HINGTON
W
SUPERIOR
M
R
TH
LAKE
M
TERRI
W.
se
HOAY
NOHAR
NE'N
A
K
£
A-
I
PENNSYLVAN
C
EMNEBRASKA
0
D
U
PURCHASE
STON
UNTUCKY
EE. NORTH CAROLINA
I
C
NME
OKLAHOM
T
M
EOR
A
N
L
TERRITORY OF LOUISIANA 1819-1904
A T
ME "LOUISIANA PURCHASE TERRITORY asreduced by treaty with SPAIH of FEB.22.1819,pur- chasing FLORIDA and fixing SPANISHAMERICAN boundary west of the MISSISSIPPI RIVER
NOT
Not apart of LA SALLES LOUISIANA
V////// Partof original LOUISIANA surrender- ed to SPAIN in 1819.
C
107
"HE NORRIS-PETERS CO . WASHINGTON, D C
LP Berthring and Cl Helm
ARKANSAS ARKANSE
AV'S SOUTH CAROLINA
ARIZONA
MEXICAN INDEPENDENCE
¡NEW MEXICO
MISSISSIPPI
C
1819 ¡UNTIL
K
5
MISSOUT
VIRGINAL SVIROIN
SPA
Co
ORADO
SNOOSI
MASSITE
"BOUNDARY BETWEEN UNITED STATES
C
NEVADA
LOUISIANA
LAKE ERIE
E A
TORY
AKE ONTARIO
RK
RMONT
C
A
GULF OF MEXICO
Z
Cape Floride
55
EARLY HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA
cities, towns, villages, mines, minerals, fisheries, streams and rivers, comprised in the extent of said Louisiana, from the mouth of the great river St. Louis on the eastern side otherwise called Ohio, Aligin, Sipore or Chukagona, and this with the consent of the Chaonanons, Chickachas and other people dwelling therein, with whom we have made alliance, as also along the river Colbert, or Mississippi and rivers which discharge themselves therein, from its source, beyond the country of the Kious or Nadoucessious, and this with their consent, and with the consent of the Motantes, Illinois, Mesiganeas, Natchies, Koreas, which are the most considerable nations dwelling therein, with whom also we have made alliance, either by ourselves or by others in our behalf, as far as its mouth by the sea or Gulf of Mexico, about the twenty-seventh degree of the ele- vation of the North Pole and also to the mouth of the River of Palms; upon the assurance which we have received from all these nations that we are the first Europeans who have descended or ascended the said River Colbert; hereby protesting against all who may in future undertake to invade any or all of these countries, people or lands, above described, to the prejudice of the rights of His Majesty, acquired by the consent of the nations therein named. Of which, and all that can be needed, I hereby take to witness those who hear me and demand an act of the notary as required by law."
Spain was then in possession of the Floridas and of the country west of Louisiana, which territory embraced all of the country lying between the Alle- ghanies and the Rocky Mountains, drained by the streams entering the Gulf of Mexico, and their tributaries. It embraced West Virginia, part of Pennsyl- vania, North Carolina and Georgia on the east, and parts of Montana, Wyoming and Colorado on the west, and all of the present states of Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska and South Dakota and parts of North Dakota, New Mexico and Texas.
On La Salle's way back to Canada, he laid the foundations of Fort St. Louis on the Illinois, and in November, 1683, reached Quebec. He then pro- ceeded to France and proposed the settlement of the Mississippi region and the conquest of the mining country of Mexico then held by Spain, and April 14, 1684, he was appointed commandant of all the country from Fort St. Louis to the mouth of the Mississippi. He then, on August Ist, headed an expedition of four ships with 280 colonists to go by sea to the Gulf of Mexico, stopping at Santo Domingo, but they passed the mouth of the Mississippi, early in January, 1685, and landed at the entrance of Matagorda Bay, where he built a fort, called St. Louis, and made an attempt at settlement, but it was savagely attacked by the Indians and Spanish, who claimed the country, and it proved a failure. January 7, 1687, he undertook to make his way back to the Illinois, and on March 19th, was shot and killed in a revolt of his men.
LIMITS AND TRANSFER
The line defining the drainage basin of the Mississippi River on the west constituted the limits of "Louisiana" as proclaimed by La Salle, and was adopted as the "Louisiana Purchase." The River Palms which was the eastern limit of Louisiana, flows into Palm Sound, now called Sarasota Bay, its mouth being opposite the southern extremity of Palm Island, now called Sarasota Key.
56
EARLY HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA
The first transfer relative to the Territory of Louisiana was a grant of com- mercial rights as far north as the Illinois River for a period of ten years by Louis XIV to Antoine de Crozat, September 14, 1712, subsequently transferred to the Mississippi Company, and the entire region known under the name of Louisiana together with New Orleans and the island on which that city stands was ceded to Spain by treaty of November 3, 1762. Then representatives of France, Spain, Great Britain and Portugal met at Paris, February 10, 1763, to define the boundaries of their respective possessions in North America, and France ceded to Great Britain the territory east of the Mississippi and north of latitude thirty-one degrees, and the Mississippi became the boundary between Louisiana and the British colonies. The Red River and its tributaries including parts of North Dakota and Minnesota and the Canadas became the undisputed property of Great Britain. On April 21, 1764, Spain ceded to Great Britain all of her territory east of the Mississippi River and.south of latitude thirty-one degrees.
September 3, 1783, in the settlement of boundaries at the close of the Revo- lutionary war, the United States received from Great Britain all that part of the original Louisiana ceded to the latter by France in 1763, viz., the Territory of Louisiana, east of the Mississippi River and north of latitude thirty-one degrees, and Great Britain ceded back to Spain the territory south of latitude thirty-one degrees and east of the Mississippi River, which the former had received by the treaty of 1763, effectually closing the Mississippi to the United States. Then came the retrocession by Spain of the colony or Province of Louisiana to France in 1800.
October 1, 1800, by the "Treaty of San Ildefonso," Spain retroceded to France the colony or Province. of Louisiana, with the same extent it had when France originally possessed it, south of latitude thirty-one degrees and east of the Mississippi River. This was a secret treaty and Spanish officers still held possession.
April 30, 1803, for the sum of $15,000,000, the Republic of France ceded to the United States the Territory of Louisiana with the same extent that it had in the hands of Spain, and when France possessed it, and the United States accepted the territory between the Mississippi and Perdido rivers. The terms were arranged on the part of the United States by James Monroe, who had been a major in the Revolutionary war, afterwards secretary of war in Madison's cabinet during the War of 1812, and fifth President of the United States. He was sent to France by President Jefferson, of whom George F. Hoar, senator from Massachusetts said: "When we recall Jefferson we recall him with the Declaration of Independence in one hand and the treaty for the annexation of the Louisiana Territory in the other."
The treaty was signed by Robert R. Livingston, United States minister to France from 1801 to 1804, and James Monroe, on the part of the United States, and Barbé Marbois, on the part of France. Livingston had been instructed to negotiate for New Orleans and the Mississippi boundary line; the object of the United States Government being to remove all cause for irritation between this Government and the French, but Napoleon directed Marbois to offer to transfer the whole of Louisiana. He said: "I renounce Louisiana. It is not only New Orleans that I wish to yield, it is all the colony, without reserving any-
€
M 3
I
D N
C
A
WEUSHINGTON
W
R
TTH
SUPERIOR
2. LAKE
M
AK
ERMON
NEW.HAN
N
F
S
MASS
A
N'E
W
OMING
IPENNSYLVANIA
C E
NEVADA
FLOUISIANALES
WESTRAT
IRONTH
Artannes
KANNIMISSOUR
KENTUCK
NORTH CAROLINA
I
BAHOM
ARKANSAS ARKANSAS
SOUTH CAROLINA
IVE
SSISSIPPI
B
N
A
TERRITORY OF LOUISIANA 1762-1800
T
Florida
A
GULF OF MEXICO
C
THE NORRIS PETERS CO WASHINGTON, D -
I
NEBRY
0
'S
F
ORADO
GREAT
VIRGIN
C
Y ! 1762-800
TENNESS
NEWS
MEXICO
E OR
A
Territory actually delivered by FRANCE To SPAIN, April 21,1764 under treaty of Nov.31762 Louisiana Territory east of the Mississippi River was ceded by FRANCE and SPAIN to GREAT BRITAIN, Feb.10,1763.
I
LAKE ONTA
57
EARLY HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA
thing." Provided, he could secure 50,000,000 francs. He secured 80,000,000 francs, 20,000,000 of which were to be applicable to the extinguishment of claims against France, and 60,000,000 were to be paid in cash to France. Napo- leon was in need of money, having sacrificed 200,000,000 francs in his expedition against Santo Domingo in 1802-03, without result.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.