Early history of North Dakota: essential outlines of American history, Part 79

Author: Lounsberry, Clement A. (Clement Augustus), 1843-1926
Publication date: 1919
Publisher: Washington, D. C., Liberty Press
Number of Pages: 824


USA > North Dakota > Early history of North Dakota: essential outlines of American history > Part 79


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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"Two parties are essential to good government, for only through contention can the right most certainly prevail. When the great majority rule and the minority have sunk into 'innocuous desuetude' through lack of interest or the overwhelming power of corrupt methods, good government cannot long survive. No matter how pure the purposes of the central organization may be, when there is no longer opposition in the branches disease and corruption may creep in, and can only be prevented from gaining the supremacy by keeping alive the opposition.


"One of the great parties should live to correct the errors of the other. There is no democrat so good, so pure, so able, that there is not a republican who is his equal, and if the party fails to nominate him, the party will surely suffer; or if it fails to do right by the people, the people will set it right in the next contest either by the nomination of a better man or his defeat at the polls.


"Corruption in politics cannot survive where both parties are equally intent on proving that they are faithful, and worthy to be trusted with the affairs of govern- ment, and it ought to be a source of pride to a man, that he is a democrat or a republican or a populist, as the case may be, and he ought to be able to give a reason for the faith that is in him. It is related of John Randolph, that as he called the name of a bitter personal enemy, who had been placed on his party ticket, (they voted viva voce then in his state), the gentleman named rushed to him and extended his hand. Randolph refused it and said: 'You are not my friend.' "Then why did you vote for me?' 'I voted for my party and for its principles,' Randolph replied.


"No such sentiment has found a resting-place in democratic hearts in North Dakota, I assert, and I am sure that Capt. Dan Maratta, chairman of the demo- cratic state committee, will bear me out in the assertion, that there has never been a corrupt deal in the politics of the state, territory, county or city at Bismarck, that democrats were not among the leading factors in it. In the local politics, it was never possible to post up a democratic ticket and fight for it on principle, with any hope of carrying even a majority of those who claimed to be democrats. At the polls, they were strikers for ring methods and ring candidates, hireling workers for the spoils of office. Sometimes the ticket was labeled republican, sometimes democratic and sometimes independent, but the ring ticket always had the same names on it, the same supporters at the polls, and usually accomplished the same results. Republicans tried to organize the republican party and hold it together for purer and better politics. Maratta and Gray and a few others tried


633


EARLY HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA


to secure organization of the democratic party with the same object in view, but it could not be done. And why? Because the parties throughout the territory were not organized with a view to contentions for principles. Men were doing just what the Herald advised them to do, viz .: voting for their personal interests instead of for the public good.


"And when it came to legislative affairs, as the democrats had no principles to sustain, no party purposes to accomplish, the democratic contingent became simply a recruiting camp for votes for corrupt deals, though they were not all corrupt. The majority of them had their glasses out, and they were turned here and there in search of some personal advantage, and whenever the band wagon came along, and it did not make any difference to them whether it was labeled democratic or republican so it was a sure enough band wagon, they bade good bye to their princi- ples. tumbled their candidates into the mud and scrambled on, happy in the thought that they had accomplished something for themselves.


"It ought to be a reproach to a man to vote on an opposition ticket except to correct some great wrong. It ought to be cause for defeat when one on a repub- lican or democratic ticket seeks for the endorsement of the opposition. In the old states, where party pride is at par, one would be removed from a ticket, should he seek thus to advance himself above his fellows. He simply becomes a neutral, and is a load rather than a help to the ticket. The motives of those who scratch, are also closely scrutinized, and personal interests are never recognized as a good reason for betraying the party.


"The motives of the democratic electors generally are as pure as those of any other class, but until there is organization and pride in organization, and an honest contention for party principles the democratic party can not be a factor for good in this state. In the present campaign they have given up all the ground they have ever gained. They have gone out of business. They have made it impossible for a single democrat in North Dakota to vote for Grover Cleveland, or for the prin- ciples which are supposed to be dear to every democratic heart. They have robbed Judge O'Brien, of the strength and enthusiasm of democratic associates on a state and national ticket, and have left him to contend alone, and are out on a sneak for a United States senatorship, which they can never gain, unless republicans forget their duty to the nation in their contention for personal interests. The United States Senate has five republican majority. The democratic gerrymander in New York sustained elects a democrat in place of Hiscock. Wisconsin is now reaching its third gerrymander, the other two having been knocked out by the courts, in order to defeat Sawyer, and the loss of a republican senator in North Dakota, will give the Senate to the democrats. Misguided indeed must be the republican heart which will sacrifice republican principles and republican supremacy for purely personal interests. Don't do it. Stand by your party, and by its principles, and do your reforming within party lines."


In the present day there may be need of a third party to prevent or take advantage of party demoralization ; and if that party stands on the broad princi- ples of the proposed American Creed, it will stand for God and country and for the United States flag ; and every man in it, if he be a true American, will be ready to salute its folds with the spoken vow first suggested by Colonel George F. Balch in 1891, for use in the public schools of New York, adopted by the American Flag Vol. I-41


634


EARLY HISTORY OF NORTH DAKOTA


Association, by the Grand Army of the Republic and all patriotic bodies, exacted in the Army and Navy and fervently uttered by the millions in the public schools.


"I pledge allegiance to my Flag, and to the Republic for which it stands; One Nation, indivisible ; With Liberty and Justice for all."


CONCLUSION


This work represents research of nearly thirty years. The limit of time and space has been reached. From a mass of rare and precious historic material, the chief gems have been selected and offered in concise form. To the remainder, still rich in future value, I must bid adieu.


February 27, 1919.


THE AUTHOR.


INDEX


Adams, I. C., first church organizer, VIII Adams, Rev. Moses N. Indian agent and missionary, 247, 248, 284, 327


Administration, U. S. opposed to Division of Dakota, 374


Admission to Union, four new states, 375 Agard, Louis, pioneer and interpreter, 235


Agricultural experiment farm at Mandan, 436


Ah-Kee-pah's rebuke, Minnesota massacre, 199


Albright, Samuel L., Sioux Falls, pioneer and editor, 211-215


Allen, Alvaren, Minnesota Stage Co. and Red River mail, 352


Allen, James M., Sioux Falls, pioneer, 217- 222, 279, 280


Allin, Roger, Gov., state financial troubles, 428


Alsop Bros. and steamer "Alsop", 155


Amendments to Constitution-twenty (20), 415


American Board of Foreign Missions-ac- tivities among the Sioux, 247


American Flag- story of, 25-57


American Fur Company, 156, 158, 162-3, 167- 8, 170, 172, 178-9, 181, 186, 195


American traders, claims against the Sioux, 192-195


Amidon, Beulah, Saka-Ka-wca statue, 75


Amidon, father and son, Sioux massacre vic- tims, 207, 216, 217, 222


Amidon, Judge Charles F., comment on codes of Dakota, 448


Anderson, Capt. Joseph, frontier freighter, 202


"Anson Northup" steamer first on Red River, 154


Apportionment for legislature, 403


Apple Creek and battle of, 236-291-293-294- 295


Archambault Louis, pioneer Missouri River, 235 Arikara Villages, 60, 61, 76, 160, 163, 167, 177


Armstrong, Moses K., pioneer, surveyor, legislator, delegate to congress, 227, 228-9, 238, 263, 279, 280-2, 287, 382


Ashley, Gen. William H., Indian trader, 89, 158, 159, 163, 164, 165


Ashley's Fort, Mouth of Yellowstone, 165 Assiniboine, Red River traffic, 22


"Assiniboine," steamer, upper Missouri, 173, 177, 291


Astor, John Jacob, fur trader, 90, 91


Atkinson, Edward G., postmaster Fort Pierre, 1855, 223


Atkinson, Gen. Henry, Indian treaties of 1825, 164, 165, 166


Audubon, John James, ornithologist, guest at Fort Union, 171, 181


Authors of compiled Dakota codes, 449, 452 Ayllon, Lucas Vasquez de, explorer, kidnaps Indian guests, 135


Bacon, Lieutenant John A., protects Sioux Falls settlers (Sioux massacre, 1862), 217 Bad Lands, refuge and hunting grounds, 85, 86, 254, 255, 256, 303, 309


Baer, John M., Member Congress, 446, 608, 609


Ball, John, surveyor, 227, 228


Bangs, T. R., attorney, 432


Banks, list of, 1915, 550-553


Banning, Richard, frontiersman, 233


Barber, Amherst W., surveyor, 228, 229, 246


Barnard, Rev. Alonzo, missionary,-first Da- kota printing press, 211, 617, 625


Barnes County organized, 527


Barnes, George S., early settler, manager N. P. elevator company, 365


Barry, D. F., Indian photographs, 420


Bass, Max, immigration agent, 350 BATTLES:


The First Encounter, 1620 (Illustration) 4 Virginia uprising, 1622-1644, 190, 191


Pequot war, 1642, 191


Hackensack uprising, 1642, 191


King Philip's war, 1675, 5


Swamp fight (illustration), 4


Border wars, 1629-1714, 8


Tuscarora war, 1710-1715, II


Uprising in the Carolinas, 1715, 12


Braddock's defeat, 1755, 13


Fort William Henry massacre, 1757, 191


Cherokee war, 1759-1761, 13


Wyoming massacre, 1778, 192


An old battlefield, 1790, 83 Surrender of Vincennes, 1779, 100


Tippecanoe, 1811, 100


War of 1812, 117


Lake Erie, 1813, 121


New Orleans, 1815, 57, 127


Seven Oaks, 1816, 96


Arikara attack on the traders, 1823, 159


Seminole or Creek war, 1817, 1835, 1842, 106, III


Massacre Lt. Grattan and his men (1855), 211, 212


Blue Water or Ash Hollow, 1855, 214 Spirit Lake massacre, 1857, 244


Minnesota massacre, 1862, 190, 208


635


636


INDEX


Birch Coulee, 1862, 202, 206


Massacre of miners on gold-laden mac- kinaw, 1863, 292


Big Mound, Buffalo and Stony Lake, 290


Bad Lands or Little Missouri, 308


Killdeer Mountain, 296, 300, 301


White Stone Hills, 294


Red Butte (Fisk expedition), 304 Apple Creek, 299


Massacre, Fort Phil Kearney (Colonel Fet- terman's command), 1866, 306, 311


Custer's last fight, Little Big Horn, 312


Big Meadow, 1876 (Oscar Ward's story), 518


Wounded Knee, 1890, 255


Death of Sitting Bull, 1890, 254


Battleship North Dakota and silver, 436


Beadle, William H. H., surveyor, educator, school land protector, 228, 628, 629


Beardsley, George G., surveyor, 228, 334, 365 Beever, Lt. Fred J. H., death at battle Apple Creek, 291, 293, 299, 300


Belcourt, Rev. George Anthony, 152


Belknap, Maj. Gen. W. W., Secretary of War, 314


Bennett, Granville G., biographic notes, 383


Benton, Miss Jessie, 210


Benton, Thomas H., U. S. Senator, 210


Berthold, Bartholomew, 188


Berthold, Fort, 188


Berthold Indian agency, 314


Bigfire, Peter, Indian preacher, 243, 246


Big Meadow, battle of, 518, 519


Big Foot, ghost-dance exponent, 252, 253, 255


Big Sioux County (now Minnehaha, S. D.) organized, 215


Big Sioux Indian settlement, 246


Bijou Hills, 221


Bird Woman (Sa-ka-ka-wea), 70, 71, 74, 75 Bismarck, first Legislature, 372


Bismarck, the Capital, VIII, 63, 150, 167, 228, 293, 299, 312, 316. 32.1, 333, 335, 370, 371.


373, 374, 375, 378, 388, 404, 418, 507, 540, 615


Bismarck, Ladies Historical Society, 541 Bismarck Land Office, 227


Bismarck post-office (Mrs. Slaughter), 505, 508


Bismarck Townsite (formerly Edwinton), 332, 335, 336, 337


Bismarck Tribune, VIII, 313, 316, 317, 325, 483


Blue Sky Law, 436


Black Hills, gold discovery, given to Asso- ciated press, 313, 314


Blanding, J. W., surveyor, 228


Blakely, Captain Russell (Red River mail and transportation), 149, 351, 354. 355


Boller, Henry, trader and author, 188


Bonds issued under Gov. White, contest on, 429


Bootlegging declared a crime, 473


Boswell, Mrs. W. C., first church organiza- tion, viii, 236


Bottineau, Charles, voyageur, interpreter, farmer, 149, 232, 234, 235, 236


Bottineau, Jean B., lawyer, 236. 322, 326


Bottineau, Marie (now Mrs. Baldwin) law- yer, 236 Bottineau, Pierre, 235, 236


Bramble, Downer T., Yankton postmaster, trader, 223, 226, 279, 285


Bridger, James, frontiersman, 235, 308


Briggs, F. A., Gov., administration and death, 429


British flag, origin and history, 23, 47, 78, 80, 89, III, 123, 126, 127


British traders, 62, 71, 78, 80,/88, 89, 143, 151, 152, 160, 165, 229


Brookings, Wilmot W., founding Sioux Falls, 215, 222, 275, 280 Brown, Maj. Joseph R., trader, soldier, 37, 202, 203, 265


Brown, Samuel J., Indian captive, agent, interpreter, 37, 192


Brownson, Harry, knew Sa-ka-ka-wea, 74 Bruce, E. A. Justice, sketch of, 464


Budge's "Tavern," 501


Budge, William, pioneer, 315, 356, 361, 501, 518, 519


Buell, C. J., single taxer, unsupported, 412 Buffalo Bill (William F. Cody), 34, 254, 521 "Buffalo Republic" and buffalo hunting, 20, 32, 37, 172, 230, 238, 513, 515


Buffalo herds crossing, blockade Missouri river, 37


Buffalo, the last great hunt, 38


Burke, A. H., administration as governor (died at Roswell, N. M., Nov. 17, 1918), 425


Burke, John, Governor (U. S. Treasurer), administration, 432


Burbank station (now Moorhead), 232


Burleigh County, pioneers, VIII, 54I


Burleigh, Walter A., M. C., 170, 288, 382


Burlington (Red River) Townsite, 352


Burnham, Captain J. W., story of Sully's campaign, '1864, 297, 299


Camo Greene, "at or near Bismarck," 335. 3.38


Camp Hancock (Bismarck), 552


Canfield, Thomas H., N. P. R. R. and town- site promoter, 331, 332, 333, 335


Capital Commission created, 370. 371


Capital Dakota Territory located, 281


Capitol reconstruction, 43I


Carland, Major John, 240


Carland, John E., judge, 240


Carnahan, John M., telegrapher, 316, 325


Car-tour with Dakota products, 375


Casey and Carrington, extensive farming, 339, 340


Casey, Lyman R., U. S. Senator, 441


Cash and land offered for capital location, 371


Cavileer, Charles, first permanent white set- tler, 229, 257, 258, 356, 503, 515


Cavileer, Mrs., story, aristocracy of the plains, 150, 15I


Canada invaded, Indian refugees kidnapped, 520


Catholic church, mission and schools estah- lished, 97, 607-14


Catholic church founded, chap. xxxIx, 612


Catholic mission, Devils Lake, 611


Cattle investors, Roosevelt and others, 538, 539


Ceded Indian lands in unorganized territory, 224


Chain of American posts, 7, 102, 167, 210 Chain of French posts, 8, 9, 99


637


INDEX


Chippewa Indians, 21, 152, 231


Christianson, A. M., Justice, sketch of, 464 Church organization for prohibition, 471, 472


Clarkson, Bishop, Robert, 411, 412


Cochrane, John M., Justice, sketch of, 462 Codes of states compared, 448


Codification of North Dakota laws, authors of, 449, 452


Cody, Kelly, Elder, buffalo hunters, 521, 523 Cody, William F. (Buffalo Bill), 34, 254, 523


Cold storage experiment at Medora, 539


Columbia Fur Company, 146, 147, 163, 167, 170, 366


Commission of 14 to adjust state property and debts, 409, 410


Colter, John, a race for life, 168


Compilation of laws, history of, 449, 452


Congress, control over territories, 369


Congress delays action on two states, 372 "Conquest of the Missouri," J. M. Hanson's book, 37


Constitutional convention for North Dakota, 387-395


Constitutional convention, officers and action, 392, 395


Constitution, North Dakota, authorship of, 398


Constitution of U. S., an essential condition, 388


Constitution, ratified ; proclaimed a state by Pres. Harrison, Nov. 2, 1889, 415


Contest for Division before Congress, 16 years, 370


Corliss, G. C. H., first Supreme Court Jus- tice, 400


Corliss, Justice, sketch of, 460


Corporations, under new state, 403


Cost of institutions, resisted by South Da- kota, 373


Counsel defending Yankton's suit, 371


County names, their origin, 496, 500


County list, with 455 post offices in 1889, 384, 386


Court, first term in Dakota Territory, 212


Court, supreme, regulations for, 454, 456


Creed of the Americans (Roosevelt), 631


Creswell, Rev. R. L., story of missionary work, 218


Curtis, William E., writer and buffalo-hunter, 39


Custer, Gen. George A., VIII, 313, last fight, 317-324


Dakota, in the land of, 209


the first newspaper, 21I


Fort Pierre established as military post, 213 christened, 216 proclaimed a territory, 221 first Post Office, 222 pioneers of, 224-237 created a territory, 263, 266 territory organized. 275


capital located at Yankton, 281


capitol commission, and change to Bis- marck, 370, 371, 372, 374 bonds and indebtedness. '22


citizenship, qualification for, 277 in Congress, 279, 382


post offices, 1889, by counties, 384 first land surveys, 227


first homestead entries, 228, 229 judicial districts, 277


Indian agents and traders, 1872, 284 Dalrymple, Oliver, farms, 333, 527


Daniels, Jared W., Indian agent and church organizer, 246, 327


Davit, Patrick, Fargo pioneer, 334


Debts, bonded, of N. and S. Dakota, 422


Defeat of Spencer's lottery scheme from


Louisiana, by Governor Miller, 424, 425


Deming, Capt. Edward W., noted artist, 260 Delegates to Congress from Dakota Terri- tory, 384


Delegates to Constitutional Convention, 387- 393


Devine, J. M. Lt. Gov., succeeds Briggs, 429 Dixon, Dr. Joseph E., expedition to the American Indians, 260


De Smet, Father Peter J., missionary, 250- 257


Dickey, Samuel A., trader, first postmaster Bismarck, 312


Devils Lake, 20, 21, 36, 106, 152, 154, 231 Dickinson, 296, 300, 30I


Dickson, Robert, 79


Distillery, Fort Union, 179


Division and admission, 369, 370, 373, 387


Division of state assets, by commission, 408, 411


Discussions on new systems, 402, 412


Douglas, H. F., first church organization, VIII


Douglas, Thomas, Earl of Selkirk, 93, 94, 95, 96, 105


Draft of Constitution revised, printed, 414


Draper, Mrs. Charles E. V., VIII


Dubuque, settlers at Sioux Falls, 216


Duties of legislature, 424


Durant, Blakely, original "Old Shady," 500, 512


Eagle Help, first Indian to read and write Sioux language, 242


Eagle, Tames Holding, inspects Sa-Ka-Ka Wea statue, 75


Farliest settled location, 369


Eastman John, native preacher and artist, 249


Edge, William, first Red River valley school- teacher, 549


Eddy, E. B., pioneer banker, 548


Edgerton, Judge A. J., decides Commission illegal, 371


Edgerton's decision reversed, 372


Edmunds, . Newton, pioneer Dakotan and Governor, 275, 287


Edwards, Major Alanson W., editor, super- intendent Census (picture), 398


Edwinton (now Bismarck), 332, 335


Election, U. S. Senators, 422, 423


Elevators and sites, compulsory, 609


Elk Point, settlement of, 220


Ellsworth, Col., witnesses to his murder, 1861, 508


Elm River, N. K. Hubbard's sure tip, 365 Elmer, Rev. Oscar H., pioneer preacher, 618 Emmons, Capt. James A., pioneer merchant, 294, 314, 522


Emmons, Mrs. Nina, first Bismarck bride, 522, 541, 542


638


INDEX


Enabling act for new state, 387


Engerud, Edward, Justice, sketch of, 463


Executive department, how exercised, 422


Fargo, N. P. R. R. crossing, Red River founded, VIII, 228, 233, 312, 327, 332, 339, 371


Fargo named, 334


Farmers' Non-partisan League, 603


"Far West" steamer, carries wounded of Custer's command, VIII, 316, 320, 324, 325, 326


Field, D. D., Jurist, P. C. Shannon's eulogy, 447


Finch, Mickie, a frontier incident, 169


First farming in Dakota, 41


suggestion of North Dakota for name of state, 41


child, born to slave parent, 42


child born to white parents, 42


family names in Turtle Mountains, 47


U. S. volunteer infantry (Confederate prisoners of war), 188


public school-house, 219 cabin home, at Yankton, 225


Dakota post offices, 222


surveys of public land, 227


land office and land entries, 228


white settlement (Pembina), 229


flour mill (Walhalla), 233


settlement near Fargo, 233 farms in Red River valley, 234


stage, Red River valley, 352


newspaper established, 483, 485


Regiment North Dakota Infantry, 577, 600 protestant church organized, 615


Fisher, John W., church organization, VIII, 615 Fisk, C. J., Justice, sketch of, 462


Fisk, Capt. James L., Idaho expedition, 304, 306


Flandrau, Judge, Charles E., et al., organized Dakota Land Co., 215, 265


Flag of U. S. hoisted at Fort Mandan, 64 Flood calamity, along Missouri river, 376 Fontenelle, Lucien, fur trader, 163 to 174 Forbes, Wm. H., Indian agent, 284


Fort Abercrombie, established, battle of, 201, 218, 219, 258, 338, 352


Abraham Lincoln, 237, 312, 325, 337


Atkinson (later Berthold), 188


Berthold, located, battle of, 84, 88, 189, 235, 248


Buford, 172, 178, 303, 312, 314, 321, 325, 329


Clark, early trading post, 74, 162, 168, 174, 178, 183, 186, 187, 235, 236, 238


Daer (Selkirk's at Pembina), 96


Douglas (Selkirk settlement), 95, 96, 97, 145


Garry (Winnipeg), 149, 151, 211, 229,-292, 352, 353, 354


Mandan (Lewis and Clark's), 64, 70, 71 Mortimer (Buford), 179


Orleans (Grand River), occupants massa- cred, 156


Panbian (Pembina), 31


Pembina, 31, 40, 42 to 46, 49, 50, 51, 107, 329, 366


Pierre, 155, 167, 168, 171, 173, 209, 213, 214, 220, 223, 237 Ransom, 543


Rice, 223, 295, 304, 305, 312, 313, 314, 329, 337


Seward (Jamestown), 528


Stevenson, 188, 189, 303, 312


Sully, 213, 248, 295


Totten, 238, 239, 240, 313, 366 Union (now Mondak), 167, 171 to 174, 177 to 180, 180 to 187, 292


Wadsworth, in the buffalo country, 36, 246, 247, 304, 306


William (Buford), 178, 179, 180


Yates (Standing Rock Agency), 150, 254 Fox, Livingston and Co., traders, 168-179, 185, 186


Frazier, Governor Lynn J., sketch of life, 605


Freeman, Lieut., killed by Indians, 297


"Freighter" steamer transferred from Min- nesota to Red river, 155


Frost. Todd & Company, 218, 225, 264


Fur trade, 15, 156, 167, 168, 170 to 178, 193, 264


Galpin, Major, Charles E., early trader, 213, 216, 218, 222, 237, 238, 289


Georgetown, Hudson Bay trading Post, Red River, 232, 234, 352, 353, 365


Gerard, Frederick F., early trader, 236, 238, 292, 316, 318


Ghent, treaty of, 130


Gifford, Oscar S., biographic notes, 384, 565 Gold in the grass-roots, 313


Gold in murdered miner's mackinaw, 202


Goose river, where Charlo balked-buffalo herds, 29, 154


Gore, Mahlon, editor, first Dakota homestead entryman, 220, 228, 288


Governor compelled to audit accounts, 426 Grading and inspection of wheat, political issue, 604


Grand Army pledge in public schools, 634


Grand Forks, VIII, 26, 29, 30, 33, 43, 44, 49, 155, 228, 238, 315, 340, 354, 365, 366 .


Grand Forks County, 524


Grand Forks University and school of mines, 566


Grand Jury system abolished, 424


Grandin farms, 333


Grant, Orville, controlled Indian traderships, 507


Great Northern Railroad, history of, 340 to 355 Great Sioux reservation, 313, 327


Griffin, Ed., early settler, Red River valley, 233, 358, 359


Griggs, Captain Alex, founder of Grand Forks, 155, 354, 355, 357, 360, 390


Gronna, A. J., Senator, sketch of, 443


Hackett, Edmond, townsite contestant, Bis- marck, 336


Haggart, Hon. John E., Fargo pioneer, 334 Haight, Aug., tells of murder of Col. Ells- worth, Alexandria, 508


Half-blood element, buffalo, etc., 513 to 515 Hall, Rev. C. L., missionary Berthold In- dians, 248


Hall, J. B., pioneer publisher, 487


Hall, Thomas, secretary of state, 452


Hamilton, John G., Indian agent, lawyer, compiler of codes and history, 248, 392, 393, 450, 452


639


INDEX


Hannafin, Dennis, pioneer, 337, 483 Hanson, Major Joseph R., 263


Hanson, Joseph Mills, historic and poetic writer, 37 Hanna, Gov. L. B., administration, 434-435 Hansbrough, H. C., Senator, sketch of, 442 Harrison, Ben., Senator, long fight for Da- kota, 372


Harrison, President, helped Dakota Division and concord, 374


Harney's expedition, 213, 214


Harvey, Premeau & Company, traders, 167, 172, 178


Helgesen, H. T., sketch of, 444


by Hendrickson, murder case, sentence Judge Pollock, 477


Henry, Alexander, trader, 18 to 31, 40 to 52, 148, 154, 234


Henry, Andrew, trader (Ashley & Henry), 158, 163, 164


Hill, James J. (Great Northern Railroad builder), 18, 40, 155, 229, 278, 240 to 355 Historical Society, ladies, 541


Holes, James, pioneer farmer, 334


Homestead Law and land entries, 228, 264 Hudson's Bay Company, 8, 17, 18, 30, 40, 44, 46, 49, 70, 81, 89, 93 to 98, 103, 145, 149, 152, 153, 155, 159, 173, 352, 354


Hunting and trapping, 26, 27, 28, 32 to 39, 147, 158, 174, 238


Immigration, board of, defeated, 429 Illegal acquirement of U. S. land, 536 Indians murder missionary women, Joseph, 625


St.


Indian women's clubs, 86


Immel, Michael, Robert Jones, and five other trappers, killed by Indians, 158


Iron Heart, Sioux chief, 1862, 238


Indians, first encounter with Pilgrims, 1620, 4 Logan and Lord Dunsmore, 5


Virginia uprising, 1622-1644, 190, 19I




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