A gazetteer of the state of New-Hampshire by John Farmer and Jacob B. Moore ; embellished with an accurate map of the state, and several other engravings by Abel Bowen, Part 1

Author: Farmer, John, 1789-1838. cn; Moore, Jacob Bailey, 1797-1853. cn
Publication date: 1823
Publisher: Concord : J. B. Moore
Number of Pages: 318


USA > New Hampshire > A gazetteer of the state of New-Hampshire by John Farmer and Jacob B. Moore ; embellished with an accurate map of the state, and several other engravings by Abel Bowen > Part 1


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34


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À


GAZETTEER


OF THE


STATE OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.


1


BY JOHN FARMER AND JACOB B. MOORE.


1


EMBELLISHED WITH AN ACCURATE MAP OF THE STATE, AND SEVERAL OTHER ENGRAVINGS : BY ABEL BOWEN.


CONCORD :


PUBLISHED BY JACOB B. MOORE. 1823.


NEW-HAMPSHIRE DISTRICT, TO WIT


District Clerk's Office.


L. S. B E it remembered, that on the sixth day of May, A. D. 1823,and in the forty-seventh year of the Independence of the United States of America, JOHN FARMER and JACOB BAILEY MOORE, of the said district, have deposited in this office the title of a book, the right whereof they claim as authors, in the words following, to wit: " A Gazetteer of the State of New-Hampshire. By John Farmer and * Jacob B. Moore. Embellished with an accurate Map of' the State, and sever- "al other engravings : by Abel Bowen." In conformity to the act of the Con- gress of the United States, entitled " An act for the encouragement of learn- ing, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and pro- prietors of such copies,during the times therein mentioned ;" and also, to an act, entitled, " An act supplementary to an act, entitled an act for the encourage- Inent of learning by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the au- thors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned, and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving and etch- ing historical and other prints."


WILLIAM CLAGGETT, Clerk of the District of New-Hampshire.


A true copy of record ;-


Attest, WILLIAM CLAGGETT, Clerk.


1158665


PREFACE.


THE citizens of New-Hampshire are now presented with a new GAZETTEER of the State, compiled from original and authentic mate- rials, and embracing the following subjects :


I. A general view of the State of New-Hampshire, comprehending the boun- daries and area ; divisions ; face of the country ; soil and productions ; cli- mate ; health and longevity ; mountains ; lakes and rivers ; canals ; turnpikes and bridges ; geology and mineralogy ; government and laws ; revenue and ex- penses ; militia ; population ; manufactures and commerce ; literary institu- tions ; education ; manners and customs ; religion ; societies ; banks ; state - house ; penitentiary ; curiosities ; Indians, and history.


II. A general view of the Counties, topographical and historical ; with statis- tical tables, exhibiting the number of mecting-houses, school-houses, taverns, stores, mills, factories, &c., in each.


III. A general description of Towns, and of all the mountains, lakes, ponds, rivers, &c., comprehending 1. A concise description of the several towns in the State, in relation to their boundaries, divisions, mountains, lakes, ponds, &c, 2. The early history of each town ; names of the first settlers, and what were their hardships and adventures ; instances of longevity; or of great mortality ; and short biographical notices of the most distinguished and useful men. 3. A concise notice of the formation of the first churches in the several towns ; the names of those who have been successively ordained as ministers, and the time of their settlement, removal or death. Also, notices of permanent charitable and other institutions, literary societies, &c.


It is unnecessary to offer an apology to the public for the appearance of a work, the utility of which, if well executed, no one will question. We rather claim indulgence, that so long a period has elapsed, since we first announced our intended publication. To have completed it at an earlier period, was originally our intention ; and it was 'not until several months of diligent inquiry had passed, that we understood the difficulty of the task in which we had engaged. Though in many cases, we have had prompt and able assistance, the difficulty of procuring the necess ?- ry information in others, has caused no inconsiderable anxiety and de- lay. Few men are intimately acquainted with the early history of their own towns-the generation active in the first settlements having passed away, and little pains being taken to preserve their history. Few- er still have the leisure or patience necessary to pore over musty re. cords or ancient files, for the gratification of their curiosity, or the mere


iv


PREFACE.


chance of finding perhaps some single fact, buried like the diamond in a mass of rubbish. While, on the one hand, our anxiety increased to finish the work, and be rid of its labor ; we felt, on the other, a strong obligation to retain it in our hands, until we could give it at least a tol- erable degree of accuracy: The book is at length completed. And em- bracing, as it does; a great variety of information, we cannot but hope it may be useful to the public. To escape errors entirely, was impossi- ble ; but we trust their number and magnitude will be found as small as the nature of such an undertaking will permit. In our biographical noti- ces, it was our intention to present facts,rather than estimates of charac- ter. Many worthy and eminent persons we may not have noticed ; and our excuse- must be the want of necessary information. In the sev- eral statistical tables, we have conformed to the latest returns received. The population at the present time is in some instances given ; but more generally that of 1820. Distances are generally given from the centre of the towns, or from the principal village. They are stated from the most correct information we could obtain. When the distance is said to be from Concord, the seat of government is intended. The names of clergymen now in office are printed in italics. At the close of the work will be found some additional facts, relating to the several towns, which came to our knowledge after the book had been put to press ; and also some corrections. Inthe appendix is given a table of population at different periods, and also a list of the former names of the several towns.


In the prosecution of our labors, we have been much indebted to the obliging attentions of SAMUEL SPARHAWK, Esq., the Secretary of State ; to the Hon. WILLIAM PLUMER, Hon. SAMUEL BELL, Prof. JAMES F. DANA, Gen. JOSEPH LOW, ADINO N. BRACKETT, Esq. and others. We would gladly tender our acknowledgments to our numer- ous correspondents individually ; but trust that a sufficient reason for the omission will be seen in the fact, that we have written, received and consulted more than a thousand letters and communications. We lay claim to no merit, other than that of patience and an unwearied ef- fort to be correct. How far we have succeeded in our labors, and wheth- er we shall receive an adequate reward, will appear, when the public shall have had time to examine, and shall feel disposed to patronize' the work.


GENERAL VIEW OF THE


State of New=Hampshire.


COMPREHENDING


BOUNDARIES AND AREA ; DIVISIONS; FACE OF THE COUNTRY, SOIL AND PRODUCTIONS; CLIMATE; HEALTH AND LONGEVI- TY; MOUNTAINS; LAKES AND RIVERS; CANALS; TURNPIKES AND BRIDGES; GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY ; GOVERNMENT AND LAWS ; REVENUE AND EXPENSES ; MILITIA; POPULA- TION ; MANUFACTURES AND COMMERCE; LITERARY INSTI- TUTIONS ; EDUCATION ; MANNERS AND CUSTOMS ; RELIGION ; SOCIETIES; BANKS; STATE-HOUSE; PENITENTIARY ; CURI- OSITIES ; INDIANS ; HISTORY.


BOUNDARIES AND AREA .- The state of New-Hampshire is situat- ed between 42º, 41', and 45º, 11', north latitude ; and between 70°, 40', and 72º, 28/, longitude west from Greenwich. Its extreme length from north to south is 168 miles-its greatest width, 90 miles. North of lat. 43º, the state decreases in width, and at the northern extremity is only 19 miles wide. This state is bounded N. on the highlands between Lower Canada and the United States ; W. by the western bank of Connecticut river, from its northerly source to the south point of Hinsdale, below the entrance of Ashuelot river; S. by Massachusetts; E. by the Atlan- tic, a distance of eighteen miles, and by the state of Maine. This ter- ritory comprises an area of 9,491 square miles, or 6,074,240 acres, in- cluding about 110,000 acres of water.


B


6


NEW HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.


DIVISIONS .- The state is divided into six counties, and two hundred seventeen towns, beside several locations and grants; and the public lands.


STATISTICAL TABLE.


POPULATION.


COUNTIES.


No. Twns


1790.


1800.


1810.


1820.


SEATS OF JUS- TICE.


Rockingham ..


45


43,169


45,427


50,175


55,246{


Concord, Exeter.


Strafford.


31


23,742


32,878


41,595


51,117


Dover, Gilford.


Hillsborough ..


42


32,871


43,899


49,249


53,884


Amherst, Hopk'n.


Cheshire.


37


28,772


38,825


40,988


45,376,


Keene, Charlestn.


Grafton


37


12,449


20.171


28,462


32,989


Haverhill, Plymo.


Coos


25


882


2,658


3,991


5,549


Lancaster.


--


Total,


217|141,885 183,858 214,460 244,161


FACE OF THE COUNTRY, SOIL AND PRODUCTIONS .- The whole extent of our sea-coast is but eighteen miles, from the S. E. corner of the town of Seabrook to the mouth of the Pascataqua. The shore is in most places a sandy beach, bordered by salt-marshes. For the distance of 20 or 30 miles back from the sea, the country is generally level, occasionally diversified with hills and valleys. Beyond this, the hills increase in size and number, and in many parts of the state swell into lofty mountains, particularly in the north, and along the heights between the Merrimack and Connecticut. The highest summits between these two rivers, are, the Monadnock, in Dublin; Sunapee mountain, in Fishersfield ; Kear- sarge, in Warner; Carr's mountain, in Ellsworth and Warren, and the Moosekillock, or Mooshelock, in Coventry. But the highest mountains in the state, and the most elevated on this side the Mississippi, are the White Mountains. The scenery about these mountains, and other nu- merous elevations-the lakes, cascades, &c. are exceedingly beautiful ; and the classic author of the state map has very properly styled it " the Switzerland of America."


The SOIL of New Hampshire is generally fertile, presenting in differ- ent sections all the varieties common to New-England. The best lands are undoubtedly those on the borders of our larger rivers, which being frequently covered by the waters, are enriched by the sediment left when they subside. Our wide spreading hills, being of a rocky, moist and warm soil, afford the greenest pasturage and support immense numbers of cattle and sheep. Barrens in any extent are unknown, and with the exception of the wild and unexplored regions of the north, the state is very generally capable of cultivation.


The great pursuit of the inhabitants is, and must continue to be agri-


.


7


NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.


culture ;* and in this art, improvements are constantly making. The in- troduction of gypsum, or plaister of Paris, the establishment and active exertions of agricultural societies, and the increased zeal of all profes- sions to promote the interests of the farmer, upon whom all ultimately depend-are circumstances highly favorable. Every opening which is made in our forests, displays for the use of man a soil that richly rewards cultivation. Maize, wheat, rye, oats, barley, flax, &c. are the common products ; and vast quantities of pork, beef, mutton, poultry, butter and cheese are annually exported. Hemp has in some instances been suc- cessfully cultivated, and, it is believed, might be made a source of great profit to the farmer. The quantities raised of different productions on the acre are various. On the intervals which border our rivers, wheat often yields 20 or 30 bushels, though from 15 to 20 is considered a good crop. Indian corn will average 30 or 40 bushels to the acre, and pota- toes from 200 to 300. Instances of extraordinary crops, however, prove that with due cultivation our soil may in general be made to yield in far greater profusion.


Of FRUIT we have a variety. No country in the world produces more abundant crops of apples, and our cider, by proper management, may be made of the first quality. Peaches, and other fruit requiring a warm climate, do not flourish Lerc ; but pears, pluins, cherries, and various ex- cellent wild fruits grow in abundance. Prunes of fine flavor are found in the neighborhood of Lancaster. Our gardens, though less attention is paid to them than taste or usefulness would seem to require, still fur- nish a long list of fruits and vegetables that grow in abundance and in great variety.


The Botany of New-Hampshire should of itself form the subject of a volume. Our native forest trees are lofty and luxuriant. No country pro- duce» better timber, and vast quantities are annually exported. This state was originally an entire forest-the mountainous regions covered with a thick growth of oak, maple, beech, walnut, hemlock, fir, white pine, &c. ; the plains and valleys with the elm, cherry, ash, poplar, horn- beam, birch:, sumnach, locust, and many others. Of the pine we have several varieties. The white pine is perhaps the noblest tree in the world : its stem, though sometimes of the height of 200 feet, is perfect- ly straight, and crowned with a beautiful tuft of green. It sometimes


· The number engaged in agriculture in New Hampshire, in 1820, was 52,3845 in commerce, 1,068; in manufactures, 8,699.


8


NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.


exceeds six feet in diameter .* The pitch pine, which also grows to a great height, is a beautiful tree. The hemlock is often a tree of great height and size. The fir and other species of pine grow to a more mod- erate height. Of the oak, elm, birch, maple, &c. we have varieties .- The hard, or rock maple, is the sugar maple of this region, and grows to a great height, yielding a sap which makes the finest sugar. The red and white maple also yield sugar, but in less quantities than the hard.


Of wild plants and roots valuable for culinary and medicinal purposes, we have a great variety. The ginseng, so much esteemed by the Chi- nese, and long supposed to be found only in China and Tartary, is found in abundance and of good quality. The buck bean grows in Peterbor- ough and some other places; the truc uva ursi, or bear's whortle-berry, and cornus sericea, or large flowering dogwood, at Kingston and in oth- . er parts. Lobelia, henbane, cicuta, &c. are common in various parts of the state.


CLIMATE, &c .- The climate varies in temperature from a range of the thermometer of 15° below the zero of Fahrenheit to 95º above it. The mercury rarely descends to 20° below 0, except in an unusually cold winter. In the month of February, 1818, during several days, it sunk from 20 to 30° below 0, and once, on the 11th, at 7, A. M. it descended to 32º. In several winters since, in different parts of the state, it has been noticed at 20° below 0. The highest degree which has been no- ticed for the last seventeen years, was in July, 1811, when the mercury was at 98°; and in July, »1820, when it stood at 100°. Such instances very rarely occur. The air of New-Hampshire is pure and salubrious. During the winter months, the prevailing wind is generally from the N. W., the coldness of which has been attributed to various causes .- European philosophers have supposed the cold of our N. W. winds to proceed from the great lakes, which lie in the interior of North-America. But since it has been fully known that the great lakes lie westward of the truc N. W. point, this opinion has been exploded. A second cause to which the coldness of these winds has been attributed is, a chain of high mountains running from S. W. to N. E. in Canada and New- Britain, at a great distance beyond the St. Lawrence. A third opinion is that of the venerable Dr. Holyoke, of Salem, who supposes that the . numerous evergreens in this country are the source of the peculiar cold


* " Anno 1736, near Merrimack river, a little above Dunstable, was cut a white pine, straight and sound, 7 feet 8 inches in diameter at the butt end."


Douglass, vol. ii. p. 53.


9


NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.


which it experiences. A fourth opinion is, that the coldness of these winds proceeds from the forested state of the country. The late Pres- ident Dwight entertained an opinion different from all those we have mentioned, viz. that the winds which generate the peculiar cold of this country descend, in most cases, from the superior regions of the at- mosphere .* The N. W. wind rarely brings snow, but when it does, the degree of cold is increased. The deepest snows fall with a N. E. wind, and storms from that quarter are most violent and of longest duration. On the mountains, the snow falls earlier and remains later than in the low grounds. On those elevated summits, the winds have greater force in driving the saow into the long and deep gullies of the mountains, where it is so consolidated, as not to be dissolved by the vernal sun .- Spots of snow are seen on the south sides of mountains as late as May, and on the highest till July. A S. E. storm is often as violent, but com- monly shorter, than one from the N. E. If it begin with snow, it soon changes to rain. A brisk wind from the W. or S. W. with snow or rain, sometimes happens, but its duration is very short. Squalls of this kind are common in March.


One of the greatest inconveniences suffered by the inhabitants of our country, is derived from the frequent changes in the state of the atmos- phere. At Portsmouth, in January, 1810, the change of temperature in about 24 hours was 44º of Fahrenheit. In other places it was equally great. Similar changes, which are disagreeable and cannot but be inju- rious to health, are frequent, though not in the same degree. Changes from wet to dry, and from dry to wet, are at times unpleasant, and prob- ably unhealthy. There is no month in the year which is not sometimes very pleasant, and sometimes disagreeable. In a series of years, our most pleasant months are June, September and October. Often the first two, and not unfrequently the first three weeks in September are, howev- er, very warm. From the 20th of September to the 20th of October, the weather is delightful. The temperature is mild, the air is sweet, and the sky singularly bright and beautiful. This is the period denominated the Indian Summer. Some persons will think June to be a more pleasant month than either September or October. In June, there are usually a few days of intense heat. In all other respects, except the brilliancy and beauty of the heavens, this month must be confessed to have the su-


. See Dwight's Travels, vol. i. page 65.


B2


10


NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.


periority over those last mentioned. The progress of vegetation is won- derful; and it seems as if the creative hand was, in the literal sense, re- newing its original plastic efforts, to adorn the world with richness and splendor. All things are alive and gay. "The little hills rejoice on ev- ery side. The pastures are clothed with flocks. The valleys are also covered with corn, and shout for joy." Health at the same time pre- vails in a peculiar degree. The Spring is often chilled by easterly winds and rendered uncomfortable by rains. The Winter is the season for en- joyment to the active part of the community.


The number of fair days in a year compared with the cloudy, is as 3 to 1. We have had but few meteorological journals kept and published in this state. For several years past they have become more frequent, and it is hoped, that from the increasing attention to the subject, com- parative results of the weather will become more numerous and exact. [For further remarks on this subject, the reader is referred to Belknap's Hist. N. H. and Dwight's Travels in New-England, &c.]


HEALTH AND LONGEVITY .- New-Hampshire may be justly consid- ered a healthy section of our country. Epidemics have seldom spread throughout the state. The most memorable were the cynanche maligna, or putrid sore throat, which first made its appearance at Kingston, in May, 1735, and the petechial, or spotted fever, which appeared in differ- ent places in 1811 and several succeeding years. The healthiness of this state may, in a general manner, be estimated from the increase of its in- habitants, and from the great number of instances of longevity which it has furnished. We have only room to notice those instances where per- sons have attained their hundredth year, or have lived, or exceeded a complete century. These, so far as practicable, will be given in chrono- logical order.


Instances of longevity in New-Hampshire, with the places of residence and the time


when each person died, and their ages.


1732 William Perkins, of New-Market,


116


1736 John Buss, of Durham, 108


1739 James Wilson, of Chester, 100


1754


William Scoby, of Londonderry,


110


1754


James Shirley, of Chester,


105


1765


Elizabeth Hight, of Newington,


100


1772


Howard Henderson, of Dover,


100


1775


William Craige, of Chester,


100


1775


Mrs. Craige, (his wife) of Chester,


100


1775


Mrs. Lear, of Portsmouth,


103


1775 Mrs. Mayo, of Portsmouth,


106


1787


Robert Macklin, of Wakefield,


115


11


NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.


1789 Mrs. Ulrick, of Hollis,


104


1790 Mrs. Hayley, of Exeter,


101


1791 Jacob Green, of Hanover,


100


1791 Widow Davis,


102


1791


James Shirley, of Chester,


100


1793


James Wilson, of Chester,


100


1800 Sarah Newmarch, of Portsmouth,


101


1800 Thomas Wason, of Chester,


100


1801


Ezekiel Leathers, of Durham,


100


1802 Abednego Leathers, of Durham,


101


1805


Hannah Lovejoy, of Amherst,


102


1808


Martha Chesmore, of Dunbarton,


101


1808


Daniel Davis, of Allenstown,


105


1808


Margaret Bacon,


101


1808


Mrs. M'Clench, of Merrimack,


100


1808


Martha Porter, of Lebanon,


100


1808


Catherine Sherburne, of Conway,


101


1809 Joshua Foss, of Barrington,


100


1810


Catharine Sanborn, of Sanbornton,


100


1810


Mrs. Hixon, of Portsmouth,


100


1810


Tabitha Bohonnon, of Salisbury,


101


1811 Mrs. M'Intire, of Goffstown,


106


1811 Ezra Deolph, of Hopkinton,


102


1811


Mary Bean, of Sutton,


100


1811 Nathan Blake, of Keene,


100


1811


Benjamin Conner, of Exeter,


100


1812


James Atwood, of Pelham,


100


1813


Joanna Hixon, of Newington,


105


1813


Mary Davidson, of Goffstown,


100


1815


Anna Leavitt, of Hampton,


100


1815


Sarah Morse, of Salem,


100


1815


John Shaw, of Holderness,


101


1815 John Crocker, of Richmond,


100


1816 Elizabeth Richards, of Newington,


101


1816 Phebe Dow, of Seabrook,


101


1816 Zene, (a negro) of Nottingham,


101


1817 Elizabeth Darling, of Portsmouth,


102


1817 Elizabeth Pitman, of Epsom,


100


1817


Abigail Craig, of Rumney,


105


1817


Mrs. Bunker, of Barnstead,


105


1817


Mary Fernald, of Portsmouth,


100


1819


Hannah Foss, of Gilmanton,


103


1818


Dorcas Rowe, of Meredith,


100


1818 Dye, (of Indian descent) of Exeter,


105


100


1819 Eleanor Pike, of Meredith,


101


1819 Jacob Davis, of Sutton,


105


1819 William Prescott, of Gilford,


102


1820 Dorothy Creighton, of Epping,


101


1818 Corydon. (a negro) of Exeter,


1820 Samuel Downs, of Somersworth,


100


12


NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.


1820 Mrs. Cilley. of Poplin,


101


1821 Jonathan Foster, of Mason,


101


1821 Joanna Aplin, of Keene, 100


1821 Jane M'Lellan, of Wentworth,


100


1821 Mrs. Godfrey, of Deerfield,


101


1821 Mary Smith, of Salem,


101


1822 Reuben Abbot, of Concord,


100


1822 Thomas Walker, of Sutton,


103


Of uncertain date.


Mr. Lovewell, of Dunstable, (father to Col. Zaccheus Lovewell,


mentioned in Belknap's Hist. N. H. vol. ii. page 233) aged


120


Mrs. Belknap, of Atkinson, 107


Mrs. Tucker, of Rye, 100


Mrs. Beals, of Keene,


101


Mrs. Parker, of Chesterfield,


103


Mrs. Welch, of Rumney,


100


Besides the preceding list of aged persons who have deceased, there are still living in this state the following persons over 100 years of age :


Tryphena Stiles, of Somersworth, 101; Sarah Kelley, of New-Hamp- ton, 103; Mrs. Bailey, of Chesterfield, 101; Mary Barnard, of Am- herst, 101; and the venerable Samuel Welch, of Bow, in his 113th year.


The annual average number of deaths in New-Hampshire, is estimat- ed at about 3000. This number has been obtained by taking the mean annual average of a number of towns in different parts of the state for a series of years, and making a comparison, by the rule of proportion, be- tween those towns and the other towns in the state.


MOUNTAINS .- The mountains of New-Hampshire, particularly in the north part of the state, furnish a rich profusion of the sublime and beautiful. They are the highest on this side of Mexico, and are not ex- ceeded in wildness and grandeur by the mountains of Europe. 'Tis true our majestic hills are not yet adorned with classical recollections, like the Pays de Vaud, or the pass of St. Bernard, still we have the infinitely varied landscape of forest-covered hills, woods, groves, orchards, villas, and all that can charm in the magnificence of nature. Those who can- not have an opportunity to visit the Cordilleras, or Mont-Blanche, or other towering hills of the old and new world, may here gratify their taste and curiosity by ascending the White Mountains. Here, although they can see no " blue Rhone" rushing or meandering at their feet, they may behold the majestic Connecticut rolling along the valley-the Mer- rimack streaming from the bowels of the mountain-and the Saco tum- bling down its sides.




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