USA > New Hampshire > A gazetteer of the state of New-Hampshire by John Farmer and Jacob B. Moore ; embellished with an accurate map of the state, and several other engravings by Abel Bowen > Part 6
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Durham
1
8
8
4
12
4
5
2
1
2
1
1
-
There are in this county 7 woollen and 8 cotton factories. Two or three of the latter are not constantly in operation. Those at Dover, however, are extensive and profitable. There are 8 oil mills, 4 distiller- ies, and a paper-mill, the latter at Gilford. There is one printing office, at . Dover. The academies at Gilmanton, Effingham, Sanbornton and New-Hampton are incorporated and respectable institutions. There is also an academy at Dover and at Gilford. The first settlement in any part of the State was made at Dover by Edward and William Hilton, from London, in 1623. During the same year, a settlement commenced at Portsmouth. See Gen. View, p. 47. The county of Strafford was F
54
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
constituted March 19, 1771. The counties being named after the friends of Gov. Wentworth, Strafford was probably named in honor of Wil- liam Wentworth, the Earl of Strafford. The population in 1775, was 12,513; in 1790, 23,742 ; in 1800, 32,614 ; in 1810, 41,595 ; and in 1820, 51,117. Population to a square mile, 37.9.
HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY.
Hillsborough county is situated between 42º 41' and 43º 32' N. lati- tude. Its greatest length is 52 miles ; its greatest breadth, from the E. line of Manchester to the W. line of Hancock, is 32 miles ; and its least breadth, from the W. line of New-London to Pemigewasset river, is about 15 miles. It contains 1245 square miles, or 796,800 acres. It has Grafton county on the N., Rockingham on the E., the state of Massachu- setts on the S., and Cheshire county on the W. The surface of this coun- ty is generally uneven, though there are but few lofty mountains. The Kearsarge and Ragged mountains in the N. part are the highest eleva- tions, and from their summits, there is an extensive prospect. Lyndebo- rough mountain in the township of Lyndeborough, Sunapee mountain in Fishersfield, the Unconoonock in Goffstown, Crotched in Francestown and Society-Land, are of considerable altitude. These will be noticed under the towns in which they are situated. This section of New-Hamp- shire is well watered. The noble and majestic Merrimack has a course of more than 20 miles in this county. In Boscawen, it receives the Con- toocook, a river of considerable length and importance, watering sever- al towns in the west part of the county. At Dunstable, the Nashua, a beautiful stream from Massachusetts, discharges its waters into the Merri- mack. Between the mouths of these rivers, the Souhegan and Piscata- quog, streams of much value and consequence to the manufacturing in- terests, discharge themselves into the Merrimack; the former in the township of Merrimack ; the latter in Bedford. Part of two large col- lections of water denominated lakes are situated in this county. The southern part of lake Sunapee is in the N. W. part of the township of Fishersfield ; and the W. part of lake Massabesick is on the E. bounda- ry of Manchester. Besides these, there are numerous ponds interspers- ed through the whole extent of territory. Some of the largest of these are Chance pond in Andover, Pleasant pond in New-London, Todd's pond in Fishersfield, Gregg's pond in Antrim, Pleasant pond in Frances- town, Babboosuck pond in Amherst, and Potanipo in Brookline. There
55
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
are several mineral springs which have been found serviceable in cuta- neous affections, but no one has yet acquired general celebrity. Min- erals have been found in various places, but not in great abundance. The manufactures in this county in 1810, were as follows, viz. 56 tan- neries, at which 6150 hides and 12,000 skins were tanned ; 2 distilleries, producing 5000 gallons of spirit ; 1 paper-mill, making $12,000 worth of paper ; 38 fulling mills, fulling 126,500 yds. of cloth, and dressing 90,000 yds. of thin cloths ; 10 shearing machines ; 35 carding machines, card- ing 158,000 lbs. of wool ; 2 oil mills, producing 6000 gallons of oil; 5 nail cutting machines, making 10 tons of nails ; 6 trip-hammers ; 16 hatters, making 4000 fur and 6000 wool hats; 5490 looms, weaving 1,- 158,160 yds. of cloth. All these were produced annually .- This coun- ty possesses many advantages for manufacturing establishments, and it is gratifying to find that many of its citizens are turning their atten- tion to this branch of national and individual wealth.
STATISTICAL TABLE.
1
TOWNS.
Meeting-houses.
School districts.
School houses.
Taverns.
Stores.
Saw-mills.
Grain-mills.
Clothing mills.
Carding machines.
Bark mills.
Tanneries.
Amherst
1
12
9
4
4
4
3
1
Andover ».
2
15
12
3
4
5
3
2
2
1
3
Antrim
1
10
8
2
2
7
6
2
2
2
3
Bedford
2
10
10
3
7
8
6
1
1
Boscawen ~
2
15
15
9
6
17
5
4
5
5
Bradford
1
7
7
1
4
3
3
1
2
2
Brookline
1
3
3
2
3
6
4
1
1
1
Deering
1
10
10
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
Dunbarton
1
8
7
4
5
6
2
1
1
Dunstable
1
9
9
6
5
3
3
1
1|
2
3
Fishersfield
1
8
7
1
2
3
2
1
Francestown
1
10
9
3
6
6
5
2
2
4
Goffstown
2
11
11
4
6
17
8
3
2
2
Greenfield
1
9
9
1
2
3
1
1
2
Hancock
1
9
8
2
3
6
6
1
1
2
Henniker
3
10
10
3
5
7
6
2
4
3
3
Hillsborough
1
13
13
6
7
8
5
3
3
3
6
Hollis
1
13
12
2
4
6
5
1
1
1
Hooksett
5
5
5
Hopkinton
3
17
16
3
7
5
5
2
2
6
6
Lyndeborough
1
10
9
2
2
4
3
1
2
4
.56
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
TOWNS.
Meeting-houses.
School districts.
School houses.
Taverns.
Stores.
Saw-mills.
Grain-mills.
Clothing mills.
Carding machines.
Bark mills.
Tanneries.
Litchfield
11.
3
3
1
4
2
Manchester
1
7
4
2
2
7
4
Mason
1.
10
10
1
3
5
4
Merrimack
1
9
9
5
5
8
5
2
Milford
2
7
7
3
12
4
2
Mont-Vernon
1
4
4
1
3
2
1
New-Boston
2
16
14
1
3
25
6
2
1
New-Ipswich
2
9
9
3
4
4
3
New-London x'
1
8
8
3
4
3
2
2
Nottingham-West
2
10
10
1
3
4
4
2
1
Peterborough
2
6
6
1
6
4
3
1
1
Salisbury
31
13
13
3
8
10
5
3
3
2
6
Sharon
1
3
1
Sutton
2
10
9
2
8
3
3
1
3
3
Temple
1
6
6
2
4
4
1
1
1
Warner X
2
17
15
2
4
6
4
2
2
2
Weare
4!
24
23
9
11
9
3
3
Wilmot
1
8
7
1
1
5
3
Wilton
2
9
9
1
1
5
5
2
2
2
3
Windsor
3
2
1
2
1
1
42 Towns,
(60|399
370
1
92 |149
|256 |157
58|56|35|851
3
2
1
2
1
Society-Land
21
3
1
Besides the preceding mills, factories, &c. there are 2 paper mills, one at Warner, the other at Peterborough; 11 cotton factories, 7 woollen factories ; 10 trip-hammers ; a number of distilleries and oil mills ; a starch manufactory, which manufactures between 4000 and 5000 bushels of potatoes into the useful article of starch .- There is one printing es- tablishment at Amherst, which issues weekly more than 1000 papers. There are five incorporated academies in this county, three of which are in operation. That at New-Ipswich is highly respectable, and has funds. Those at Francestown and Hillsborough have been in operation but a short time. Hillsborough has 42 townships, 34 post-offices, sends 44 members to the General Court. The Superior Court and Court of Ses- sions are holden alternately at Amherst and Hopkinton. The first per- manent settlement of this county was made at Dunstable, then consider- ed as belonging to Massachusetts, a few years before the war with King Philip in 1675. It was constituted a county by an act of the General As-
,
57
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
sembly of the province, on the 19th of March, 1771. Its name is supposed to be derived from Wills Hills, the Earl of Hillsborough, who was one of the privy council of George III., and whose residence was at Hills- borough, in the county of Down in Ireland. The population in 1775, was 15,986; in 1790, 32,871; in 1800, 43,899; in 1810, 49,249, and in 1820, 53,884. The population to a square mile is 43.2. The number of persons engaged in agriculture, 13,197; in commerce, 238; and in manufactures, 2,400.
CHESHIRE COUNTY.
Cheshire, the western county in this state, extends from lat. 42º 43' to 43º 36' N. Its length is 54 miles ; its greatest breadth 26 miles ; and its least breadtlı 15. It is bounded N. by the county of Grafton, E. by Hillsborough, S. by the state of Massachusetts and W. by Vermont. It contains 802,638 acres, or a little more than 1254 square miles. Through- out the whole extent on the west, this county is watered by the Connec- ticut, the western bank of which forms the boundary between New- Hampshire and Vermont. Ashuelot and Sugar rivers are considerable streams, and are tributary to Connecticut river. The former has its source from a pond in Washington, and after receiving two branches in Keene and Swanzey, and several smaller streams in Winchester, emp- ties into Connecticut river at Hinsdale. 'Sugar river issues from the west side of Lake Sunapee; passes through Newport and Claremont, where it unites with the Connecticut. Lake Sunapee and Spafford's Lake are considerable collections of water. The former is in the N. E. part of the county, lying principally in Wendell. Spafford's Lake, of about eight miles in circumference, is situated in Chesterfield. There is a pleasant island in this lake containing about eight acres. The Grand Monadnock in Dublin and Jaffrey is the highest mountain, its al- titude having been repeatedly found to be more than 3000 feet above the level of the sea. Croydon mountains in the townships of Croydon and Grantham, are the next most considerable elevations. Bellows Falls in Connecticut river, in Walpole, have been regarded as one of the great- est natural curiosities in this county.
A variety of soil is found in this county. Much of it is very good, and particularly the intervals on Connecticut river. In nineteen towns, containing 371,243 acres and 22, 958 inhabitants, the agricultural prod- ucts in 1820, were 406,900 lbs. of butter, 660, 500 lbs. of cheese, 1,480,-
F2
58
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
500 lbs. of beef, 1,761,500 lbs. of pork, 110,200 lbs. of flax, 10,333 barrels of cider, and 27 tons of pearl ashes. STATISTICAL TABLE.
TOWNS.
Meeting-houses.
School districts.
School houses.
Taverns.
Stores.
Saw-mills.
Grain·mills.
Clothing mills.
Carding machines.
Bark mills.
Tanneries.
Acworth
2
12
12
0
3
5
1
2
1 2
Alstead
3
14
14
2
3
5
3
1
2
2
Charlestown
2
11
11
6
5
6
3
1
1
4
Chesterfield
1
14
13
4
5
9
3
3
2
1
3
Claremont
3
15
14
7
7
6
4
4
3
2
4
Cornish
3
12
12
2
3
10
5
3
3
1
Croydon
1
8
7
1
3
2
2
2
1
2
Dublin
2
10
10
1
3
8
7
2
1
1
1
Fitzwilliam
1
12
12
2
2
4
2
1
1
1
1
Goshen
1
3
3
2
1
4
1
1
0
1
Grantham
12
12
1
3
2
1
1
Hinsdale
2
6
6
4
1
4
1
1
1 2
2
2
Keene
2
12
12
6
8
9
4
2
1
1
Langdon
1
7
6
1
2
5
1
1
1 1
1
Marlborough
1
6
5
3
3
4
2
3
1
2
Marlow
1
6
6
2
3
4
3
1
1
1
2
Nelson
1
8
8
1
3
4
2
1
Newport
3
14
14
4
4
9
3
3
1!
2
2
Plainfield
2
12
12
5
5
3
2
3
3
3
3
Richmond
2
12
12
2
3
4
5
1
2
1
3
Rindge
1
12
12
3
3
2
2
1
3
Springfield
1
13
11
1
3
5
3
1
1
1 1
Surry
1
4
4
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
Sullivan
1
6
6
1
1
2
2
Swanzey
2
13
13
2
3
9
4
3
3
1
Troy
1
7
6
1
1
3
2
1
1
Unity
3
12
10
2
5
3
2
1
1
Walpole
1
13
12
6
6
3
4
3
3
2
3
Washington
1
8
7
2
3
6
4
1
2
1
Wendell
7
5
1
1
4
3
2
2
Westmoreland
3
12
12
1
3
6
6
2
1
1
2
Winchester
15
13
5
5
10
4
2.
2
1
37 Towns,
|56|363
1347
| 90 |104
|179
108
(61|46|24|53|
1
5
5
1
2
2
1
1
Jaffrey
1
12
12
2
4
3
3
2
Lempster
1
7
7
3
2
5
3
1
Roxbury
1
3
3
Stoddard
1
8
8
1
2
3
3
Gilsum
-
2
1
59
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
There are, besides the preceding, 5 cotton factories, several woollen factories, 5 oil mills, 1 paper mill, several distilleries and furnaces, and 20 trip-hammers. There is one printing press at Keene, which issues a weekly paper, and has in connection with it a large bookselling establish- ment. There are five incorporated academies, of which Union Acade- my at Plainfield, has funds to the amount of 40,000 dollars. Several of then are in a flourishing condition. The number of persons engaged in agriculture in 1820, was 7,968 ; in commerce, 82; in manufactures, 1,620. Cheshire has 37 towns, 29 post-offices, sends 38 members to the General Court. The Superior Court and Court of Sessions are holden alternately at Keene and Charlestown. The earliest settlementin this county was made about the year 1682 at Hinsdale, then a part of North- field, and under the government of Massachusetts. The county was for- med March 19, 1771, and it probably received its name from Cheshire, one of the western counties in England. Population in 1775, 10,252 ; in 1790, 28,772 ; in 1800, 38,825 ; in 1810, 40,988, and in 1820, 45,376. Population to the square mile, 36.2.
GRAFTON COUNTY.
Grafton county extends from lat. 43º 27' to 44° 22' N. It is 58 miles in length, and its greatest breadth is 30 miles. It contains 828,623 acres, besides a large tract of ungranted land. It is bounded N. by the county of Coos, E. by Strafford, S. by Hillsborough and W. by the state of Vermont. Grafton is watered by Connecticut river, on which are several pleasant and flourishing towns ; by Pemigewasset, Lower Amonoosuck rivers, and by many smaller streams which will be. here- after noticed. Squam and Newfound lakes are the largest collections of water. The former, of which a considerable part lies in Strafford county, has been much celebrated for its picturesque beauties. Its nu- merous angular projections, the variety of its islands covered with wood, and the vicinity of lofty mountains, render it an object peculiar- ly interesting. There are numerous elevations which come under the name of mountains. Those of the most importance are Gardner's in Lyman, Peaked in Bethlehem, Moosehillock in Coventry, Cushman's and the Blue mount in Peeling, Carr's in Warren and Ellsworth, Moose in Hanover, Cardigan in Orange, and some others which will - be described under the respective towns.
The soil of this county is very much diversified. A large portion of it is mountainous and hilly, but this circumstance does not prevent it6
60
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
productiveness. It presents fine tracts for pasturage, a large proportion of arable land, and on the rivers, extensive and fertile intervals:
STATISTICAL TABLE.
TOWNS.
Meeting-houses.
School districts.
School houses.
Taverns.
Stores.
Saw mills.
Grain mills.
Clothing mills.
Carding machines.
·Bark mills.
1Tanneries.
Alexandria
7
6
1
1
4
1
1
Bath
1
11
10
2
7
7
3
2
3
1
2
Bethlehem
2
5
4
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
11
Bristol
1
8
7
1
2
3
2
1
1
1
4
Canaan
1
14
12
4
2
6
4
2
2
2
Concord
2
8
7
3
2
5
2
1
1
1
1
Danbury
7
4
2
2
2
1
Dorchester
1
8
6
2
1
4
2
1
1
Ellsworth
2
12
12
2
5
7
4
2
2
4
4
Franconia
3
3
3
1
2
1
Groton
1
9
6
2
1
4
3
1
1
1
1
Hanover
3
12
12
4
7
5
1
2
1
3
Haverhill
2
9
9
5
9
12
4
1
1
2
1
Hebron
1
7
7
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
Holderness
2
12
6
1
1
5
3
1
2
1
2
Landaff
1
6
6
1
2
3
1
Lebanon
1
16
16
9
6
7
4
5 3
6
1
3
|Lime
2
14
12
.9
4
11-
4
2
2
Lincoln
Littleton
1
11
8
4
2
4
2
2
2
Lyman
3
7
7
1
1
5
3
New Chester
2
14
10
2
3
5
2
1
2
11
2
2
Piermont
1
8
8
2
2
3
3
1
1
1
Plymouth
1
9
8
1
5
5
2
1
3
Rumney
1
11
7
5
5
5
2
3
Thornton
·2
10
8
3
1
3
3
1
1
1
Warren
1
7
7
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
Wentworth
1
6
6
2
4
6
4
3
3
11
1
36 Towns,
45|306 257
87
1 85
|154
86
|42|41|28|4
-
2
10
7
4
1
5
7
1
1
1
1
Grafton
1
10
9
1
5
3
2
1
1
1
Coventry
3
3
1
1
1
Enfield
2
9
7
1
Bridgewater
6
Campton
1
2
2
1
Orford
3
12
10
3
3
7
2
2
2
Peeling
3
3
2
2
3
1
1
2
Orange
3
2
61
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
There are in this county 2 cotton factories, 2 paper mills, 3 oil mills, 2 distilleries and six trip-hammers. There are two printing ,establish- ments, one at Haverhill, the other at Enfield. From the former issues a weekly paper; from the other a religious magazine, devoted to the dissemination of Freewill Baptist sentiments. In this county, are two incorporated academies, Holmes Plymouth Academy and Haverhill Academy. It contains 36 townships, 26 post-offices, sends 30 represen- tatives, and with the county of Coos, two senators to the General Court. The number of persons engaged in agriculture in 1820, was 8,653; in manufactures, 1,097 ; and in commerce, 118. The number of rateable polls that year was 5764 ; the valuation $126 11. The sessions of the Superior Court and of the Court of Sessions are held alternately at Haverhill and Plymouth. The first settlement in this county was made at Lebanon, and this was the first settlement on Connecticut river north of Charlestown. It was constituted a county, March 19, 1771, and re- ceived its name in honor of Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton. Population in 1775, 3597 ; in 1790, 12,449 ; in 1800, 20,171; in 1810, 28,462 ; and in 1820, 32,989. Population to a square mile, 25.7.
COOS COUNTY.
Coos is the largest county in the state, and within its limits are situ- ated the greater part of the ungranted lands-most of which, being very mountainous, cannot be cultivated, and will probably never be settled. This county extends from latitude 43º 58' to the extreme north part of the state-being 76 miles in length, and having a mean width of about 20 miles. The area of this county is estimated to contain 1600 square miles, or, in round numbers, 1,000,000 of acres. It is bounded N. by Lower Canada, E. by Maine, S. by the county of Strafford, W. by Grafton county and the state of Vermont. Besides the stupendous pile of the White Mountains, which distinguishes this county, there are several other mountains of no inconsiderable height. Those in Shel- burne, Adams and Chatham, on the east of the White Mountains, are bold and abrupt. The Peaks and Bowback mountains in Stratford ; the elevations in Dixville, Columbia and Kilkenny ; Pilot and Mill mountains in Piercy ; Cape Horn in Northumberland, and Pondcherry, S. W. of Jefferson, are all of considerable magnitude, and partake of the grandeur of the White Hills. A particular account of these won- ders of nature will be given under their appropriate heads. In the
62
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
neighborhood of high mountains are generally found the sources of our greater rivers. Three of the principal rivers of New-England, the Connecticut, Ameriscoggin and Saco, take their rise in this county. There are numerous other streams which become tributary to these riv- ers, the principal of which are the Mohawk, Amonoosuck, Israel's and John's rivers. The Margallaway, after receiving the waters of Dead and Diamond rivers, unites with the Ameriscoggin, near Umbagog lake. This lake lies principally in Maine. Lake Connecticut is situated N. of the 45° of latitude, and is a source of the Connecticut river. The largest pond in this county lies N. of Lake Connecticut, and is con- nected with it by an outlet. There are several small ponds, which will be noticed under the towns where they are situated. A great portion of this county yet lies uncultivated, and large tracts will probably never be settled. If the husbandman cannot behold wide-spreading cultivated hills and extensive plains-the lover of nature may here behold her seated in gorgeous splendor and beauty. There are, however, exten- sive tracts of fine interval and upland, and the soil in the vale of the Connecticut is very rich and fruitful. Persons engaged in agriculture in 1820, 1,760 ; manufactures, 71; commerce, 12.
STATISTICAL TABLE.
TOWNS.
Meeting-houses.
School districts.
School-houses.
Taverns.
Stores.
Saw-mills. -
Grain-mills.
Clothing mills.
Carding machines.
Bark mills.
Tanneries.
Adams
1
6
5
1
Bartlett
4
4
2
2
3
1
Bretton-Woods
Cambridge
Chatham
1
3
3
1
Columbia
6
2
Colebrook
6
2
1
12
2
322
1-
11
College Grant
Dix ville
Dummer
Dalton
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
Durand
Erroll
Hale's Location
Hart's Location
Jefferson
2
2
1
1
Kilkenny
63
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
TOWNS.
Meeting houses.
School districts
School houses.
Taverns.
Stores.
Saw mills.
Grain mills.
Clothing mills.
Carding machines
Bark mills.
Tanneries.
Lancaster-
11
8
4
1
4
2
4
2| 3
Maynesborough Millsfield
Northumberland
1
3
3
1
1
J 1
Nash & Sawyer's Loc. Paulsburgh
Public Lands
Piercy Stratford
1
5
5
Shelburne
1
2
Stewartstown
5
4
Success
Warner's Patent
Whitefield
3
3
2
1
Winslow's Location
.
25 Towns,
| 5| 47 | 34 | 11 | 10 |21 | 20 6 7 3
There is a woollen factory at Colebrook, 2 distilleries at Adams and 2 at Colebrook. Lancaster is the principal town in the county, and there the courts are holden. The first settlement was made in 1763 at Lancaster. The county was formed by an act of the legislature Dec. 24, 1803. Coos* is the Indian name applied to the Connecticut in the vicinity of Lancaster, and was adopted as the name of the county. The population in 1775, was 227; in 1790, 882; in 1800, 2658 ; in 1810, 3991 ; and in 1820, 5,549. Population to a square mile, 3.4.
*This word signifies crooked, and was pronounced by the Indians as if con- taining but one syllable.
1
64
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
COMPARATIVE VIEWS.
(A.)
Counties ..
Area in acres. Towns. P.O. Repr. Settled. Incorp.
Rockingham,
661,646
45
31
48
1623
1771
Strafford,
861,171
32
31
36
1623
1771
Hillsborough,
796,800
42
34
44
1675
1771
Cheshire,
802,638
37
29
38
1682
1771
Grafton,
828,623
36
26
30
1771
Coos,
1,000,000
25
6
6
1763
1803
(B.)
Population.
Persons engaged in
Counties.
In 1775. In 1820. Increase:
Agricul. Comm. Manuf.
Rockingham,
37,463
55,246
17,783
10,522
609
1,973
Strafford,
12,513
51,117
38,604
10,284
9
1,538
Hillsborough,
15,986
53,884
37,898
13,197
238
2,400
Cheshire,
10,252
45,376
35,124
7,968
82
1,620
Grafton,
3,597
32,989
29,392
8,653
118.
1,097
Coos,
227
5,549 .
5,322
1,760
12
71
(C.)
Factories.
Mills. 1.
Counties.
Cotton. Woollen.
Paper. Oil ..
Cloth. Card.mac.
Rockingham,
5
3
6
4
47
48
Strafford,
8
7
1
8
Hillsborough
11
7
2
57
56
Cheshire,
5
1
5
61
46
Grafton,
2
2
3
42
41
Coos,
1
6
4
General Description of Towns,
TOPOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL.
AND OF ALL THE MOUNTAINS, LAKES, PONDS, RIVERS, ETC. ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY.
A.
ACWORTH, a post township innto the raising this article, which is Cheshire county, in lat. 43º 13' N .* is bounded N. by Unity, E. by Lempster, S. by Marlow and Al- stead, and W. by Langdon and Charlestown. It contains an area of 24,846 acres. It is 50 miles from Concord, 87 from Portsmouth, and 93 from Boston. Cold river, affording a number of good mill seats, is the only stream of any note. It rises froni Cold pond in the N. E. part of the town, which ex- tends nearly a mile on the line be- tween Acworth and Unity. This pond is from 60 to 100 rods in width. Mitchell's pond is about 120 rods in length and 80 rods in width. This town is chiefly agri- cultural in its pursuits, having few advantages for manufacturing, ex- cepting such articles as are need- ed for its own consumption. The agricultural products in 1820 were, 26,000 lbs. of butter, 40,000 lbs. of cheese, 120,000 lbs. of beef, 100,- 000 lbs. of pork, 15,000 lbs. of flax, 700 barrels of cider and 8 tons of pearl ashes. The soil is generally good. Few towns are more distinguished for raising flax. The soil seems peculiarly adapted
"As the whole State of New-Hamp- shire is situated in North latitude, the repetition of this Initial will be omit- ted.
wrought by some of the inhabi- tants into the finest of linen, equal to any imported from Colerain in Ireland. Beef is, perhaps, the sta- ple commodity. Charlestown turn- pike passes through nearly the cen- tre of this place. This town was granted Sept. 19, 1766, to Col. Sam- son Stoddard and 64 others. It was settled in 1768 by William Keyes, Samuel Harper and John Rogers, with their families. The settlement increased but slowly. and it was not until 1771, that there was a sufficient number of inhabi- tants to require the usual civil reg- ulations of a town. In 1772, it contained 14 houses. A congre- gational church, consisting of 18 members, was organized March 12, 1773. The first minister was Rev. Thomas Archibald, who was set- tled Nov. 11, 1789 ; and dismissed June 14, 1794. Rev. John Kim- ball succeeded, and was ordained in June, 1797 ; dismissed May 4, 1813. Rev. Phinchas Cooke was ordained in September, 1814. A baptist church was formed Nov. 9, 1809 ; but has no settled minister. The spotted fever appeared in this town Feb. 28, 1812, and from that time to May 13, there occurred 58 deaths, of which 53 were by the fe- ver. Population in 1820, 1479.
G
66
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
ADAMS, a town in Coos county, situated on the E. side of the White Mountains, in lat. 44º 9', is boun- ded E. by Chatham, N. by un- located lands, S. by Bartlett, and contains 31,968 acres of land and water. The surface of the town is uneven, and in some parts rocky ; but the soil is rich and productive. It is watered principally by the two branches of Ellis's river, pas- sing from the N. and uniting on the S. border near Spruce moun- tain. The principal elevations are called Black, Baldface and Thorn mountains. Benjamin Copp was the first settler : he moved into Adams in 1779, and with his fami- ly buffeted the terrors of the wil- derness 14 years, before any other person settled there. The town was incorporated Dec. 4, 1800. A free-will baptist church was form- ed here in 1803; Daniel Elkins settled as their pastor in 1809; and their present number consists of about 50. Population 363.
ALEXANDRIA, a township in Grafton county, in lat. 43º 36', is bounded N. by Orange and Hebron, E. by Bristol, S. by New-Chester, and W. by Danbury, containing about 20,800 acres. Its N. E. cor- ner extends to Hebron line and in- cludes a part of Newfound lake. It is 9 miles from Bristol village, 30 miles from Concord and 72 from Portsmouth. Alexandria is water- ed by Smith's river, passing through the S. part, and by Fowler's river, through the N. part of the town. On these rivers and several other smaller streams, are about 2000 acres of interval land, of which the natural growth is hemlock, pipe, maple, butternut and elm. The soil of the interval is excellent for producing flax, potatoes and grass. In other parts of the town, it is favorable for wheat and maize.
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