USA > New Hampshire > A gazetteer of the state of New-Hampshire by John Farmer and Jacob B. Moore ; embellished with an accurate map of the state, and several other engravings by Abel Bowen > Part 3
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GOVERNMENT AND LAWS .- New-Hampshire has a written consti- tution, which was established by a convention of the people in 1792. It is founded upon the broad principles of rational liberty, and guarantees at once the safety of the state and the personal rights of the citizen .- No person can be restrained in his freedom, until by crime he cuts off the obligation of society to protect him ; unless it be a matter of his own choice or sufferance. The supreme executive power of this state is ves- ted in the Governor and Council. The Governor is annually elected by the people : or, if there be no choice by the people, the Legislature . chooses from the two highest candidates. The Council consists of five persons, chosen by the people. The Senate consists of twelve members, who are chosen by the people, in districts. Every town containing 150 rateable polls sends one representative, and for every additional 300 polis, is entitled to another. The annual election is holden on the second Tuesday of March. The following extracts from the constitution will sufficiently explain the nature and powers of our government :
Of the Governor and Council .- Every bill or resolve of the General Court, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the Governor ; if he approve, he shall sign it ; if not, return it, with his objections, to that house where it originated, who shall reconsider it, &c.
All judicial officers, the Attorney General, Solicitors, all Sheriffs, Coro- ners. Registers of Probate, and all officers of the Navy and Militia, shall be nominated and appointed by the Governor and Council.
The power of pardoning offences, except such as persons may be con- victed of before the Senate, by impeachment of the House, sball be in the Governor, by and with the consent of the Council.
No officer duly commissioned to command in the militia shall be re- moved from cffice but by the address of both houses to the Governor, or trial by court martial.
No moneys shall be issued out of the Treasury of this State and dis- posed of ( except such suis as may be appropriated for the redemption of bills of credit, treasurer's notes, or payment of interest arising there- on) but by warrant under the hand of the Governor by and with the ad- vice and consent of the Council.
24
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
Of the Senate .- The Senate shall consist of twelve members, who shall hold their office for one year from the first Wednesday of June next ensuing their election.
The Senate shall be final judges of the elections, returns and qual- ifications of their own members, as pointed out in the Constitution.
The Senate shall have power to adjourn themselves, provided such ad- journment do not exceed two days at a time.
The Senate shall be a court, with full power and authority to hear, and determine, all impeachments made by the House of Representatives against any officer of the State, for bribery, corruption, mal-practice or mal-administration in office, with full power to issue summons, on com- pulsory process for convening witnesses before them : but previous to the trial of any such impeachment, the members of the Senate shall be sworn truly and impartially to try and determine the charge in question, according to evidence.
Of the House of Representatives .- The House of Representatives shall be the grand inquest of the State, and all impeachments made by them, shall be heard and tried by the Senate.
All money bills shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose to concur with amendments, as on other bills.
The House of Representatives shall have power to adjourn themselves, but no longer than two days at a time.
No member of the Legislature shall be arrested or held to bail on mesne process, during his going to, returning from, or attending upon the Court.
The laws of this state, and the proceedings of the legislature, are by the constitution required to be published, and are annually distributed to the several towns for the information of the people.
The federal constitution was ratified by this state on the 21st of June, 1788, by a majority of eleven in the convention.
FUNDS, REVENUE, TAXES AND EXPENSES .- The productive and unproductive funds of the state, invested in U. S. funded stock, bank stock and other securities, amount to $151,360 86. From these sources an annual revenue is realized to the state, amounting to $8,110 07.
Funds of the State.
Seven per cent. stock of the United States, 17,605 00
- Deferred six per cent. stock of do. 8,689 61
Three per cent. stock. of do. 95,134 45 Fifty shares of stock in N. H. Bank, at present unproductive, 25,000 00 Bond executed by Treasurer of Dartmouth University, unpro-
ductive, 4,000 00
Notes for consideration money of lands sold by Treasurer, 931 80
Revenue. $151,360 86
The annual revenue of the state may be estimated at $8,110 07, de- rived from the following sources :
25
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
Interest on seven per cent. stock of the United States, 1,232 35 Reimbursement of principal and interest on deferred six per cent. stock of the U. S.
3,967 79
Interest on three per cent. stock of the U. S. 2,854 03
Interest on notes for consideration money of lands sold, 55 90
$8,110 07
Moneys received into the Treasury during the political year ending June 4, 1822.
For taxes outstanding prior to the year 1821, $2,696 43 ; state tax of 1821, 30.000; for rents of rooms of medical building at Hanover, 18 92; principal and interest of notes given for lands sold, 1,145 16; for reim- bursement of principal and interest on stock in U. S. funds, 8,054 17; for loans from banks, 17,000; for fines of militia exempts, 16 00 ;- mak- ing in all $58,930 68. Or. exclusive of loans to defray the expenses of the government, $41,930 68.
During the year above mentioned, there were paid out of the Treasury, for money borrowed, and to meet the current and ordinary demands on the government, sums amounting in the whole to $51,891 03 :- exhibit- ing the following state of the Treasury on the 4th day of June, 1822.
Balance remaining in the Treasury, June 4, 1821, 4,765 41
A mount received into the Treasury during the year ending
· June 4, 1822,
58,930 68
63,696 12
Deduct disbursements during the year,
01,891 V3
Balance in the Treasury, $11,805 09
Estimate of the expenses of government for the political year ending June 4, 1823.
Salaries of the officers of government, viz. governor, 1200; secretary, 300 ; treasurer, 600 ; attorney-general, 800 ; adjutant-general, 400; warden state prison, 800 ; justices superior court, 3800 ; for compensa- tion to members and officers of the legislature, including incidental ex- penses of the session, 16,145 75; allowance to courts-martial, brigade inspectors and for military commissions, 1100 ; for adjutant general's de- partment, 2234; compensation to commissary general, 190 $8 ; sheriff's' accounts, 50 00 ; for printing, stationary and postage, 1250; encour- agement of agriculture, 250; for educating deaf and dumb children, 1000 ; bounties on wild cats, 190; expenses of enquiry into the official conduct of Hon. Edward Evans, 263 72 ; contingencies, say 600. Te which if the principal and interest of debts due, banks be added, amount- ing-if payment can be made from the proceeds of the state tax as soon as the first of Feb. 1823-to 11,450; and also certain unexpended bal- ances of appropriations for agricultural purposes, and for education of deaf and dumb children, amounting to $385,-there will be presented an aggregate amount of $43,009 45, for the expenses and disbursements of government, for the political year ending June 4, 1823.
26
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
Literary Fund .- This fund, which was established by an act of the legislature, passed June 29, 1821, for the purpose of endowing " a col- lege for instruction in the higher branches of science and literature," consists of the proceeds of a tax of one half of one per cent. on the a- mount of the capital stock of the several banking corporations in this state. The aggregate amount of the tax for the last year was $4,770 37. This sum has been converted into United States' six per cent. stock of 1815 ..
MILITIA .- In New-Hampshire, the militia is composed of every able- bodied white male citizen, between the ages of 18 and 45, except those exempted by law, among whom to the honor of the state, are those whose religious scruples render them averse to war. The militia of this state is divided by law into three divisions, six brigades and thirty-nine « regiments. Each division is commanded by a major-general who is al- lowed one division-inspector with the rank of colonel, and two aids with the rank of major. Each brigade has one brigadier-general, who is al- lowed one brigade inspector and one brigade quartermaster with the rank of major, and one aid with the rank of captain. To each brigade, there is a judge advocate. Each regiment is commanded by one colo- nel, one lieutenant-colonel and one major. The regimental staff con- sists of an adjutant, quartermaster, paymaster, surgeon, surgeon's mate and chaplain, who are commissioned by the governor, one quarter-master- sergeant, one sergeant major, one drum major and one fife major,who are appointed by the colonel or commandant of the regiment. Companies of infantry consist of one captain, one lieutenant and one ensign, four sergeants, four corporals, one drummer, one fifer and sixty four rank and file. Companies of light infantry or grenadiers, of which two are al- lowed to each regiment, consist of forty eight rank and file. Compa- nies of artillery consist of one captain, two lieutenants, four sergeants, four corporals, six gunners, six bombardiers, two drivers, one drummer, one fifer and sixteen matrosses. The cavalry consists of one captain, two lieutenants, one cornet, four sergeants, four corporale, two musicians, one farrier, one saddler, and fifty privates.
The last annual return of the adjutant general furnishes the following abstract of the numbers of the militia, and of the arms and accoutre- ments. General officers and Stoff .-- 'Three major generals, 3 division inspectors, 6 aids-de-camp ; 6 brigadier generals. 4 brigade inspectors, 6 brigade quartermasters, 6 aids-de-camp and 4 judge advocates. Field and Staff .-- 35 colonels, 35 lieutenant-colonels, 36 majors, 37 adjutants,
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NEW HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
38 quartermasters, 37 paymasters, 33 surgeons, 32 surgeons' mates, 32 chaplains, 37 sergeant majors, 35 quartermaster sergeants, 37 drum ma- jors and 38 fife-majors. Cavalry .- 41 companies, 40 captains, 74 lieu- tenants, 38 cornets, 144 sergeants, 34 corporals, 81 musicians, 1450 pri- vates. Artillery .- 38 companies, 35 captains, 74 lieutenants, 141 ser- geants, 91 corporals, 99 musicians, 979 privates. Infantry, light infant- ryand grenadiers .- 376 companies, 359 captains, 340 lieutenants, 336 ensigns, 1270 sergeants, 518 corporais, 1043 musicians, 21,124 privatez. Riflemen .- 8 companies, 8 captains, 8 lieutenants, 8 ensigns, 30 ser- geants, 18 corporals, 31 musicians, 287 privates.
Arms and Actoutrements.
Cavalry .- 1449 swords, 1446 sword scabbards and belts, 2905 pistols, 1658 holsters, 1499 saddles and bridles, 1486 mail pillions, 1375 valises, 1491 cartridge boxes and belts, 1468 pairs of boots, 1468 pairs of spurs, 35 trumpets and bugles, 22 colors. Artillery .- 1137 swords, 28 pieces of brass ordnance, 1 piece of iron do, 53 drums and fifes, 22 colours, &c. &c. Infantry, &c .- 16,369 muskets, 15,967 bayonets, 16,104 iron ram- rods, 16,019 cartridge boxes and belts, 31,157 spare flints, 15,883 priming wires and brushes, 15,323 knapsacks, 15,414 canteens, 345 drums, 287 fifes. Riflemen .- 83 rifles, 51 powder horns, 83 pouches, 63 knapsacks, 40 canteens, 6 drums, 4 fifes. Books, Colors, &c .--- 35 regimental colors, 1123 infantry regulations, 418 militia laws, 127 roll books, 308 orderly books.
POPULATION .- The earliest enumeration which we find of the inhab- itants of this state, was a partial one, made in 1680, when the province contained only the towns of Portsmouth, Dover, Exeter and Hampton. There were then " between two and three hundred voters." Though no accurate survey was made until 1767, it has been estimated that the pop- ulation amounted to 30,000 in the year 1749.
TABLE I. Showing the progressive population since 1749.
1749.
1767.
1775.
1790.
1800.
1810.
1820.
30,000
52,880
82,200
141,885
183,858
214,460
244,161
TABLE II. Exhibiting the average increase in different periods.
No. Yrs.| Daily inc. Yearly inc. |Total increa .!
Remarks.
From 1749 to 1767.
18
3.4
1271
22,880
The annual
16
1767 to 1775,
8
10.0
3652
29,320
incr. for the
1775 to 1790.
15
10.9
3979
59,685
3016 :- daily
1790 to 1800,
10
11.4
4197
41,973
inor. during
1800 to 1810,
10
8.4
3060
30.602
|the same pe-
"6
1810 to 1820.
10
8.1
2970
29,701
friod, about 8.
last 71 yrs. is
28
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
The rapid increase of population between the years 1767 and 1800, was owing in part to adventitious causes. After the peace of 1763, em- igrations became frequent from the neighboring states into the new town- ships ot New-Hampshire, and many also removed from the older settle- ments to the new, under encouragements from government or the pro- prietors of the lands. In 1790. the population of the Union was princi- pally confined to the Atlantic states; those west of the Alleghany moun- tains containing scarcely 100,000 inhabitants. Since that period the tide of emigration has set strongly to the west; great states have arisen beyond the mountains, a great proportion of whose inhabitants were from New-England. New-Hampshire has furnished her full share of adventurers ; and the increase of her inhabitants has been proportion- ably less, within the last thirty years.
From the returns of the census for the year 1820, it appears that there were in this state.
Under 10 years. From 10 to 16.
16 to 26.
26 to 45
45 o' upw'ds.
Males; 35,466 19,672
22.703
22,956
18.413
Females, 34,599
18,899
24,806
25,797 19,925
The excess of females in our population is 4,816. There are 786 free persons of color in this state; but the footstep of a slave does not pol- late our soil.
TABLE III. Showing the proportion of Seres at different periods ; and of black and white population in 1820.
[N. B. In thistable is included the whole of New-England, that the reader may at a glance see the proportion of the different states.]
No. of females to 100 males.
Proportion-1820.
STATES.
1790. | 1800. |1810. |1820.
Blacks.
Whites.
New-Hampshire.
98.90 100.52 101.44 104.05
0.32
99.68
Maine.
95.39|
96.27
97.15
99.36
0.31
99.69
Massachusetts
104.07 102.92
102.53 104.83
1.28
98.72
Connecticut.
102.19 101.92 101.92 104.26
2,89
97.11
Rhode-Island
102.66 105.46 104.83 106.53|
4.34
95.66
Vermont.
90.481
94.01 97.48 100.20
0.39
99.61
The population of this state is 26 to a square mile. That of Massa. chusetts is 74; of Maine, 9 ; Connecticut, 55 ; Rhode-Island, 53; and Verment, 22. New-Hampshire was in 1790, in point of population, the tenth state in the Union; at the second census, in 1800, the 11th ; at the third, in 1810, the 14th ; and at the lest census, the 15th.
29
NEW HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
MANUFACTURES AND COMMERCE .- New Hampshire is emphatically an agricultural state. Manufactures and commerce engross the attention of a comparatively small portion of its citizens. Young as we are in the arts, it has not yet become our interest to abandon the cultivation of the soil, for the purpose of creating extensive manufactories, --- in which must be required large capitals, and a patience and automaton constar.cy to which we are unused, ---- while the rewards are uncertain and feeble. In the departments of domestic or household manufactures, our citizens already excel, and it is pleasing to observe an increasing emulation. To be independent, we must manufacture for ourselves. The earth is boun- tiful ; and by suitable attention we may gather from its bosom what will not only feed our mouths, but clothe our bodies. We shall perhaps be unable to give a very accurate view of the manufactures of this state ; but the following facts will enable the reader to judge of their variety and (extent. We manufacture comparatively little for exportation : most of our products are required at home. In 1810, we had twelve manufacturing establishments, with 5,956 spindles .--- Those at Dover, Peterborough and Pembroke were the principal. The quantity of' cloth annually manufactured at those establishments, is not accurately stated ; but the number of yards of various kinds of cloth manufactured in the whole state, in families, factories, &c. in 1810, according to the returns, was as follows :
Yards.
Cotton goods,
516,985
Mixed, cotton, &c.
930,978
Flaxen,
1,090,320
Blended unnamed stuffs,
112,540
Woollen,
900,273
Tow,
723,089
4,274,185
There were, at this time, for cotton, wool, &c. in the state, 20,670 looms ; 109 carding machines, which carded 478,000 lbs per arnum) ; 135 fulling mills, which fulled 497,500 yards of cloth. Of the ar- ticle hats, we manufactured in that year 36,700 of wool, and 17,160 of · fur, in value $106,500. In 1310, there were 236 tanneries, in which were tanned of hides, skins, &c. 853,890 --- worth $250,000. In 19 oil-mills, were made 20,560 gallons linseed oil. Distilleries, 18 : gallons distilled from grain, fruit, &c. 135,950. At the iron furnaces in this state, five in number, were made 1120 tons bar iron-worth $150,000, Of nails, in 14 factories, were made 203,840 lbs. Trip-hammers, 42. Paper mills, D
30
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
6-amount of paper manufactured not known. The total value of our manufactures in 1810, excluding doubtful items, was $5,225,045.
The manufactures of this state have gradually increased since 1810. During the war with Great-Britain, which shut out for a season the flood of foreign goods which had long poured in upon the country, they were indeed more flourishing than at any former period in our history ; but this prosperity was temporary, and subsided when the cause was remov- cd. A gradual increase of manufactures will and ought to continue, as the wants of the people are augmented, and their solicitude for these es- tablishments increases. There are at the present time in this state, 28 cotton, and 18 woollen factories ; 307 carding machines ; 256 fulling mills; 22 distilleries ; 20 oil mills ; 193 bark mills ; 304 tanneries ; 54 trip-hammers, and 12 paper mills. In Mason there is a starch manu- factory-and in several towns have been erected circular saw clapboard inachines, which from their great perfection promise extensive useful- nezs.
The staple commodities of this state, are lumber, provisions, horses, neat cattle, pot and pearl ashes, flax-seed, &c. These are exported in great quantities annually. But in estimating the commerce of this state, it should be recollected, that New Hampshire lies in the bosom of Mas- sachusetts and Maine, with only one port and a narrow strip of sea- coast. The exports from the north part of the state are necessarily to the markets in Maine, while a great portion of those from the middle and southern parts, is carried to Newburyport, Boston or Hartford .- The most valuable intercourse of the state is thus cut off by nature from her only port : and it is therefore impossible to ascertain the amount an- nually exported from the state. The following statement will afford a view of the commerce of Portsmouth.
- The average value of imports from foreign countries in the five years ending June 30, 1822, is The average value of exports to foreign countries for the same period in articles of the growth or man- ufacture of the United States, is
$455,687
235,059
Foreign articles, 110,748
$345,807
The tonnage of vessels registered for foreign trade on the 30th June, 1817, was 26,042 tons.
Enrolled and licensed for the coasting and fishing trade, including only those above 20 tous, Total amount tonnage, June 30, 1817,
5,233
-31,275
June 30, 1818-Registered tonnage
16,974
Enrolled do.
5,516
---- 22,490
1. Bowen Sc.
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NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
June 30, 1819-Registered, Enrolled,
17,162 5,911
23,073
16,586
June 30, 1820-Registered, Enrolled,
5,959
22,345
June 30, 1821-Registered,
17,604
Enrolled,
5,778
23,382
June 30, 1822-Registered, Enrolled,
17,086
6,592
-23,678
A large number of vessels which had been laid up during the late war, were either lost, sold out of the district, or broken up and their registers surrendered subsequent to the 30th June, 1817, which accounts for the great difference between the tonnage of that and the following years. Since 1818, the tonnage has been kept up, by building new vessels to sup- ply the place of those worn out or sold, which will amount on an aver- age to from 1500 to 2000 tons. From sixty to seventy licensed vessels, of from 20 to 75 tons each, and about 550 men, exclusive of those in boats and smaller vessels, are employed during the fishing season, or from about the first of March to the latter part of November, in the bank and mackerel fisheries. These vessels take from 38,000 to 45,000 quintals of cod and pollock fish, and on an average above 6,000 barrels of mackerel. The market is also abundantly supplied by boats and smaller vessels with fresh fish of various kinds, of which no estimate can be made. More than three-fifths of the registered tonnage of this port is employed in the carrying trade-taking cargoes from southern ports to Europe, from whence they return in the latter part of summer and autumn, with salt, iron, coals, and other heavy and bulky articles, which are sold here as cheap as in any part of the United States. The carn- ings or freight of these vessels make up the difference between the value of the exports and imports. Of the value of the coasting trade, no ac- curate account can be given. It is however on the increase-is carried ou in both registered and enrolled vessels, and forms a very valuable part of the commerce of this port.
LITERARY INSTITUTIONS .- Dartmouth College, in the township of Hanover, is the only literary institution in this state which exercises the functions of a college. It derives its name from the Rt. Hon. William Legge, I.J. D. F. R. S. Earl of Dartmouth, one of its early and princi- pal benefactors. It was founded by Rev. Eleazar Wheelock, D. D. a pious and benevolent clergyman of Connecticut. It originated fromthe establishment of a school for the instruction of Indian youth at Stock-
32
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
bridge, Mass. to which the name of ' Moor's School' was given, from Mr. Joshua Moor, of Mansfield, Conu. whose liberal donations justly en- titled it to receive his name. After this school had been in operation a few years, it was found that the public benefits of the institution might be greatly increased by erecting it into a college and locating it in a more favorable situation. Accordingly, a royal charter was obtained by Dr. Wheelock, from John Wentworth, the provincial governor of N. Hamp- shire, on the 13th of December, 1769, and the township of Hanover was selected for the site of the new institution. In September, the next year, Dr. Wheelock with his family removed to this place, where there were only twenty families living in as many log huts. Their first accommo- dations were but mean, They built log houses, which they occupied till better edifices could be prepared. In 1771, the first commence- ment was holden, and degrees were conferred on Levi Frisbie, Samuel Gray, Sylvanus Ripley and John Wheelock. In 1779, on the 24th of April, Pres. Wheelock died, and was succeeded by his second son, Col. John Wheelock, at that time in the army of the United States. V7hen peace between this country and England was restored, Pres. J. Whee- lock made a successful visit to England, as well as to other parts of Eu- rope, in the cause of the institution, and received several valuable dona- tions. In 1786, a new college building, 150 feet by 50, three stories high, Was erected : in 1790, a college chapel : in 1991, the commons hall, and in 1810, the medical institution building. In 1815, an open rupture oc- curred between president Wheelock and a majority of the trustees .- Difficulties had existed for several years. President Wheelock appealed to the legislature, who appointed a committee to repair to Hanover, hear the parties, and make report at the next session. Soon after the exam, ination closed, the trustees removed Dr. Wheelock from the presidency, and appointed Rev. Francis Brown, of North-Yarmouth, in his room. At the next session of the legislature, in 1816, an act was passed, entitled " An act to amend the charter and enlarge and improve the corporation of Dartmouth College." By this act, the number of trustees was in- creased, a board of overseers was appointed, and the College was chang- ed to a University. The old trustees resisted this act, declaring it un- constitutional-and, although deprived of the college building, philoso- phical apparatus, &c. continued instruction, as usual, in private build- ings, and appealed to the judiciary. In 1817, the cause was decided in favor of the University, and the constitutionality of the laws, by the su- perior court of New-Hampshire. The cause was then carried before the
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