USA > New Hampshire > A gazetteer of the state of New-Hampshire by John Farmer and Jacob B. Moore ; embellished with an accurate map of the state, and several other engravings by Abel Bowen > Part 5
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The lot on which the State House stands contains something more than two acres,enclosed on its sides with a solid wall of hammered stone_ about five feet high ; the front fences are of stone posts and sills and irom castings, with gates of the same material.
The expenses of building this house, including the fences, the lot of ground whereon it stands and the furniture of the house, amounted to nearly eighty-two thousand dollars. The amount drawn from the treas- ury of the state in pursuance of sundry appropriations for that pur- pose, was $67,372 44 Labor done at the State Prison, as appears from the cbar- ges on the books there, amounted to the sum of $10,455 16
The lot of land whereon the house stands, the stone for the house, and drawing the same, all which was given by a few patriotic individuals of Concord, amounted to 4,000 00
$81,827 60
7
43
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
In the construction of this building with its appendages, including the fencing of the lot, there were required 37,000 feet of hammer- ed stone. The facings of the walls and partitions of the basement. which are coarsely hammered, may be estimated at 4,800 square feet ; the walls of the house, door poets, threshholds, window sills, &c. which are finely hammered, at 16,200 feet ; steps, flagging, walks, &c. at 6000 feet, and 10,000 feet for the fences. In addition to these quanti- ties, there were required 7,000 cubic feet of rough stone for the founda. tion of the building, and 5,000 feet for the foundation of the fence. There were also required 630 thousand bricks, 840 casks of lime, 12 tons of plaister, 7 tons of soap-stone, 7 tons iron, 4,000 pounds of steel, 8,000 bushels of coal, 500 thousand feet of lumber, two and a half tons of lead, 2000 feet of glass, one thousand dollars value of oil and paints, and five hundred dollars value of nails.
STATE PRISON .- The state prison or penitentiary is a handsome building, situated in Concord, three stories high, built entirely of granite. It is 70 feet in length, 36 feet wide, the walls of which are three feet in thickness. It contains in all 36 cells, the dimensions of which are 8 feet by 9, with the exception of six in the upper story for the accommodation of the sick, &c. which are 10 by 17. The yard is enclosed by a faced wall of 259 feet by 192, fourteen feet high, surmounted by a range of pickets ten feet in length. Connected with the prison, is a house for the accommodation of the warden, his family, guards, &c. built also of gran- ite, four stories high exclusive of the basement, and is 49 feet by 22. The officers, &c. of this institution are a warden, physician, chaplain, deputy-warden, four guards, two overseers of the work-shops -the whole of whom receive their pay directly from the proceeds of the prison, with the exception of the warden, whose salary, $800, is drawn from the trea- sury. The governor and council for the time being constitute the board of directors or visitors. The convicts are employed in stone-cutting, coopering, smithing, shoe-making, weaving and tailoring. The prison was erected in 1812 ; and cost with the appartenances about $37,000- since which time between $4000 and $5000 have been drawn from the treasury to defray the expense of additional buildings. The first com- mitment to this penitentiary was in November, 1812-since which peri- od, 199 have been confined, four of whom were females, 19 foreigners. Of these, 24 were sentenced for horse stealing ; for counterfeiting and forgery, 30; assault, &c. 8 ; manslaughter, 3 ; perjury. 1; arson, 4;
. 44
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
burglary, 3 ; stealing, 126. The greatest number confined at any one time, 74-present number, 56.
Previous to the establishment of our state prison, there were eight of- fences, that by a law of the state subjected the offender to capital pun- ishment ; but in that year they were reduced to two-treason and wilful murder .* If this benevolent change in our laws has not diminished, it has not increased, the number of crimes. The expenses of our state prison have greatly diminished since the alterations made in the man- agement of its affairs, and the introduction of a new system-the ap- pointment of a new warden, and placing the institution under the imme- diate control of the governor and council. The police of the prison is rigid and salutary. The convicts are dressed in uniform, and comforta- bly fed. The sexes are kept apart. Great care is bestowed by the offi- cers of the institution upon their morals-in the hope of reforming the offender, and fitting him to respect and observe those laws, for the viola. tion of which he is condemned to suffer.
In the year ending May 31. 1818, the expenses of this institution ex- ceeded the profits of the labor of convicts, &c. in the sum of $4235 61. In June of that year, the legislature deemed it necessary to alter the in- ternal system of the penitentiary ; and appointed new officers to man- age its concerns. . For the year ending May 31, 1819, the whole expense of the prison exceeded the profits in the sum of $862 72. In the year ending May 31, 1820-$345 45. In the year ending May 31, 1821- $232 89. During the year ending May 31, 1822, there was a net gain over the expense of $392 50. The sums drawn from the treasury for the support of the prison, since 1817, are as follow :
For the year ending May 31, 1818, 7000 00
May 31, 1819,
3152 34
May 31, 1820,
2100 00
May 31, 1821,
963 00
May 31, 1822,
1000 00
And it is confidently expected that no further aid from the treasury will be necessary for the support of the prison for a number of years, unless some unforeseen accident should change the aspect of its affairs.
CURIOSITIES .- As these will be described at some length in the course of this work, the reader is referred to the heads under which they
* The crimes formerly punishable with death, were-treason, murder, rape, so. domy, burglary, arcon, robbery, and one species of forgery. Fines and imprison- ment, the lash and the pillory, were also bestowed, with unsparing severity, on mmor offences. The two latter modes of punishment are now entirely abolished.
45
NEW HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
are noticed. See Amoskeag Falls, Atkinson, Barrington, Bellows Falls, Chester, Durham, Franconia, Hampton, Ossipee, Sanbornton, White Mountains.
INDIANS .- Whatever relates to the aboriginals of our country, those early proprietors of the soil which we inherit, must be interesting to pos- terity. The lands which we cultivate, the forests, the rivers and moun- tains around us, once swarmed with a distinct race of the human fami- ly. They, whose character was once so lofty and independent, are hardly seen among us, and if seen, are scen " begging the price of their perdition." They, who might have exterminated the Europeans on their arrival, have themselves become exterminated, and most of their memo- rials have perished with them. It is much to be regretted, that so little has been preserved respecting the Indians of New-Hampshire; but there have been causes for this omission in recording their history which could not easily have been removed. " In the first place, the hor- ror proceeding from the cruelties of their warfare forbade the calmness of investigation. As long as they were formidable, curiosity was over- powered by terror ; and there was neither leisure nor inclination, to contemplate their character as a portion of the human family, while the glare of conflagration reddened the midnight sky, and the yells of the savage, mingled with the shrieks of the butchered victims, rode as por- tentous messengers, on every gale. But that state of things has ceased to exist. The white men in America have become too numerous to fear any longer the effects of savage barbarity, such as assailed the early inhabitants of our stale, and carried terror to the "stoutest heart." A spirit of sympathy should now be excited for this unfortunate race of beings. Pity for those that remain should fill our breasts.
" Indulge, our native land, indulge the tear,
" That steals im passioned o'er a nation's doom ;
" To us each twig from Adam's stock is dear,
" And tears of sorrow deck an Indian's tomb."
The Indians who formerly inhabited New Hampshire may be consid- cred under five separate divisions : viz. 1. Those tribes residing on Pas- catcqua river and its branches. 2. The various tribes on the Merrimack and its tributary streams. 3. The Ossipee Indians on Lake Ossipee and the Pequacketts on Saco river, in the N. E. part of the state. 4. The In- dians on Connecticut river. 5. The Coos Indians.
When the first settlers arrived, they found on Squamscot river, in the vicinity of Exeter, a tribe under Wahangnonawitt, as their sagamore ;
E?
46
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
on Cocheco river around Dover, lived the Newichwannocks, having a sagamore, named Rowls, and on the Pascataqua were the Pascataqua tribe. All these tribes and several others, as far cast as Kennebeck riv- er, were generally called by the generic name of Abenaquies. On Mer- rimack river, there were numerous collections of Indians; as we have reason to suppose from the relics which are annually found on its bor- ders. In the summer of 1821, parts of three skeletons were found on this river, at Bedford, in the county of Hillsborough. One of them ap- peared to be interred in a sitting posture, and all their heads lay towards the south. During the present year, there was found in the garden of Mr. James Riddle of Merrimack, a skeleton supposed to be that of an Indian, which had probably been interred more than eighty years. The Penacook tribe, which lived in the vicinity of Concord, was the most considerable in numbers and importance of any tribe which lived in this state on Merrimack river. In 1629, Passaconarvay was their grand sa- chem, who lived till the year 1660, and who ever remained friendly to the English, and at his death, strictly enjoined his son and successor, Won- alanset, to maintain peace with his English neighbors. Around the falls at Amoskeag, have been discovered many traces of Indians, and here probably was one of their best fishing grounds. The Ossipee and Pequackett Indians at the time the first settlers of this state arrived, probably amounted to nearly 800 souls. On Connecticut river, there were doubtless many tribes, but we are lost in darkness and perplexity when we attempt to name them or point out their individual residence. The history of the Cogs Indians is involved in the same obscurity. The Indians, inhabiting this state, several times suffered from the Mohawks, a fierce and savage race living in the county of Montgomery in the state of New-York. Some of the small tribes were nearly exterminated by their ferocity and savage barbarity. They were more cruel to the east- ern Indians than the eastern Indians were to the Europeans. The In- dians in this state inhabited those regions where the means of subsis- tence could be the most easily obtained. It was observed by the earliest inhabitants of this country, that they were most numerous on the banks of large rivers, where their wants were, in a great measure, supplied by the abundance of fish, which, at former periods, those streams produced. In the gradual diminution and final extinction of the aboriginals of New- Hampshire, we have a melancholy specimen of what has happened in like manner to all the Indian tribes, who once inhabited the territory of New-England, except a few feeble remnants in the south part of Massa-
47
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
chusetts and some in Connecticut ; and of hundreds of other powerful tribes, once spread over the settled parts of our country. And such will be the inevitable destiny of all Indians now mingled among our white population, if a radical change in our treatment of them, be not adopt- ed. The monuments and relics of the Indians in this state have been accurately described by Dr. Belknap in the 33 vol. of his Hist. of N. H. page 63, to which we refer the reader.
HISTORY .- New-Hampshire was discovered by Capt. John Smith, an English navigator, in 1614. The name was given to it by Capt. John Mason, the original patentee. In the earliest grant made to Mason and Gorges in 1622, it is styled Laconia, and in some of our earliest histories it is called Capt. Mason's Patent and Pascataqua. The first settlements were made at Dover and Portsmouth in the year 1623. The first settlers, of whom the principal were Edward Hilton, William Hilton, and David Thompson, were sent from England by the original proprietors of Laco- nia, to found a plantation on Pascataqua river ; to cultivate the vine, dis- cover mines, carry on the fisheries and trade with the natives. The two Hiltons, with their associates, settled at Dover neck, about seven miles from Portsmouth. Thompson, with his company, set down nearer the harbor. In 1629, Rev. John Wheelwright purchased of several Sachems the country between the Merrimack and Pascataqua, from the ocean a far back as the town of Amherst; about fifty miles. In 1638, AIr. Wheelwright, with a small company from Braintrec, commenced the settlement of Exeter ; and the same year the town of Hampton was set- tled. These were the first towns settled in New-Hampshire. The in- habitants of these places met with many difficulties in their progress. Their land was granted over, and over again, in successive patents ; and with different patentees, they had many perplexing disputes. The cli- mate was more severe, and their soil less fruitful, than that of Massachu- setts and Connecticut. In the beginning of their plantations, they were more divided in their principles, and less harmonious in their measures, than the people of those colonies. At the same time, they had no stable government, of sufficient vigor to discourage dissentions. They were, also, not a little perplexed with loose Ministers, and Magistrates ; such as generally withdraw from regular, well principled society, to indulge their mischievous dispositions, and establish their influence in more imperfect communities. In 1611, all these settlements, by a voluntary act, submit- ted to Massachusetts, and were comprehended in the county of Norfolk, which extended from the Merrimack to the Pascalaqua. The govern-
.
48
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
ment of Great Britain, for many years, paid them but little attention. At length in 1679, a new government was established, and New-Hamp- shire was made a royal province by commission from Charles Il. The commission was brought to Portsmouth by Edward Randolph, January 1, 1680 ; but it was received with great reluctance by those persons nom- inated in it to the Presidency and Council. The first General Assembly met at Portsmouth, on the 16th of March following, in which Portsmouth, Dover, Hampton and Exeter were the only towns represented .- In 1686, a change took place, and all New England was entrusted to a President and Council. After the imprisonment of Andros, the union with Massa- chusetts was revived in 1689, but in 1692, the old separate government was established. From 1699 to 1702, it was united with Massachusetts and New-York, and from 1702 to 1741, with Massachusetts. In 1741, the boundary lines were established by royal authority, by which New- Hampshire received from Massachusetts a tract of country, of fourteen miles in breadth, and above fifty in length, more than the former had ever claimed. The same year, Benning Wentworth was appointed Gover- nor and continued in office until 1767, when he was superseded by John Wentworth, who continued in office till the revolution. A tempo- rary government was established in 1776, to continue during the war with Great Britain. It consisted of a house of representatives, and a council of twelve, with the addition of an executive committee to act in the recess of the legislature. The number of this committee varied from six to sixteen. The president of the council was also president of the executive committee. The Hon. Meshech Weare filled this responsi- ble office throughout the war. A new constitution was established in 1784 ; and this being altered and amended in 1792, is the · permanent constitution of the state. We conceive it unnecessary to introduce more of the history of New-Hampshire into this general view, especially when we are in possession of such an invaluable history as that of the Rev. Dr. Belknap.
General View of the Counties.
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY.
THE county of Rockingham is situated between 42º 41' and 43º 27/ N. latitude. Itis bounded N. and N. E. by Strafford county ; E. by the Atlantic,from the mouth of the Pascataqua to the line of Massachusetts ; S. by Mass. ; W. by the county of Hillsborough. Its length is about 50 miles; its breadth, from the S. W. corner of Pelham to Portsmouth, is 36 miles. It is of a triangular shape, being no more than 6 miles wide at the N. W. part. It comprises an area of 661,646 acres, or 1,034 square miles nearly. There are no remarkable elevations in this county : the surface, however, is uneven, and in the N. part, from the higher eminen- ces, affords fine views of the surrounding country. The highest points are, Saddleback mountain in Northwood and Deerfield, Fort, in Ep- som, Catamount in Pittsfield, and Bean's hill in Northfield. The Winne- pisiogee river washes the N. boundary of this county, falling into the Merrimack at the N. W. corner. From thence the Merrimack forms the western line to the town of Concord, where it receives the waters of the Contoocook from the county of Hillsborough. Meandering through Concord, it enriches some fine tracts of interval land, and re- ceives the waters of the Soucook at the S. E. corner of the town. The Suncook joins the Merrimack at the S. corner of Pembroke. The Lamprey, Excter, Bcaver and Spiggot rivers water the E. and S. E. parts of the county. The largest collection of water is the Great Bay, between Newington and New-Market, and connecting with the Pascata- qua. Massabesick pond lies principally in Chester, and is picturesque from its numerous islands and the surrounding elevations. The other principal ponds are, Island pond in Hampstead, Great and Country ponds in Kingston, Pleasant pond in Deerfield, Turkey, Long and Turtle ponds in Concord. The soil of the county of Rockingham, having been longer under cultivation than that of any other county, is very fertile ; andagricultural pursuits are here crowned with much success. The number of persons engaged in agriculture, in 1820, Tras 10,522 ; in com. merce, 609 ; in manufactures, 1,973. Portsmouth has the only sea-port,
50
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
and is the largest town in the state. Exeter is an ancient town, and a place of much business. Concord is the seat of the state government, and is a flourishing town. Exeter and Concord are the seats of jus- tice. The population of this county in 1775, was 37,463 ; 43.169 im 1790 ; 45,427 in 1800; 50,175 in 1810: the population in 1820 was 55,246, or 53.4 to the square mile.
STATISTICAL TABLE.
TOWNS.
Meeting-houses.
School districts:
School houses.
Taverns.
Stores.
Saw-mills.
Grain-mills.
Clothing mills.
Carding machines.
Bark mills.
Tanneries.
Allenstown
4
4
2
5
Atkinson
11
6
3
2
2
3
Bow
1
8
8
3
3
5
5
3
4
1
Candia
2
12
12
1
5
5
6
2
1|
1
Canterbury
3
9
8
3
4
4
3
1
1
11
1
Chichester
1
6
6
4
3
5
2
1
2
Concord
2
20
20
11
20
G
7
4
3
2
Deerfield
2
11
11
8
6
10
8 4
1
1
Epping
3
8
8
5
7
5
3
1
1
Epsom
1
6
6
6
4
6
7
3
3
4
Exeter
3
6
6
8
19
4
5
1
1
1
Greenland
1
4
4
2
3
1
4
1 1
GV
1
Hampton
2
4
4
3
4
3
5
Hampton Falls
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
Kensington
2
3
1
3
2
1 5
12
Londonderry
2
18
18
4
8
10
8
Loudon
2
9
9
3
8
6
6
2
3
New-Castle
1
1
1
3
1
1
Newington
1
1
2
2 4
10
2
1
1
1
Newtown
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
3
4
North-Hampton
1
3
3
1
1
3
4
Northwood
2
8
2
2
6
8
3
2
4
Nottingham
8
8
4
1
7
4
1
1
Pelham
2
5
5
4
3
3
1
1
1Pembroke
2
8
8
3
11
6
5
3
14
114
Chester
2.
16
16
7
8
18
10
2
3
4
6
East Kingston
1
4
4
1
2
Hampstead
1
8
6
4
2
2
2
121
Hanke
1
3
3
.2
Kingston
1
5
5
6
5
4
1 3
New-Market
2
6
6
Northfield
8
8
2
5
2
1
1
Brentwood
3
4
9
2 1
213
51
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
TOWNS.
Meeting-houses.
School districts.
School houses.
Taverns.
Stores.
Saw-mills.
Grain-mills.
Clothing mills.
Carding machine.
Bark mills.
Tanneries.
Pittsfield A
2
9
9
2
3
7
3
21
21 3| 3 1| 1
Plaistow
1
4
4
3
4
1
2
Poplin
1
3
3
1
1
3
3
1.
1
1 3
Portsmouth
7
9
7
280
4
1
1
4
Rye
2
2
2
2
2
3
4
Salem
2
9
9
3
4
3
4
2
3
Sandown
1
3
4
4
2
1
2
3
Seabrook
3
3
3
3
3
South-Hampton
1
4
4
2
3
1
1
1
Stratham
2
4
4
1
1
3
3
1|
1
5
6
Windham
1
7
6
1
2
1
1
45 towns
178|276
281 |127
1453
|188
156
47|48|49|81
Raymond
1
8
8
4
3
1|12,12
Besides the above, there are 4 distilleries, 3 woollen and 5 cotton fac- eries, 4 oil mills, and 6 paper mills, four at Pembroke, one in Northfield and one at Exeter. There are nine printing establishments in this county, four at Concord, two at Exeter, and three at Portsmouth. Four of these are newspaper offices, from which about 5600 papers are issu- ed weekly. There are soven incorporated academies in this county, several of which are well endowed. That at Exeter is one of the best institutions of the kind in the country. The first settlements in New- Hampshire were made at Dover, Portsmouth, Exeter and Hampton. The first settlement at Portsmouth commenced in the year 1623. Until the formation of counties in 1771, all the courts were holden and all public business transacted at Portsmouth. On the 19th of March in that year this county was formed, and named by Gov. Wentworth, in honot of Charles Watson Wentworth, K. G. F. R. S. Marquis of Rock- ingham. On the 16th of June 1791, the divisional lines were defined and established by the new government of the state.
STRAFFORD COUNTY.
This county is situated between 43º 03/ and 44° 02/ N. latitude ; boun- ded N. by the county of Coos, E. by the state of Maine, S. and S. W.
5
52
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
by Rockingham, W. by the Pemigewasset river, which separates it from parts of the counties of Grafton and Hillsborough, and N. W. by Graf- ton county. It is 63 miles in length, from the mouth of Lamprey river to the N. line of Burton ; 33 miles wide at the centre. Its shape, like that of all the other counties, is irregular. It contains an area of 861,171 acres, being 1345 1-2 square miles. This county, which extends to the neigh- borhood of the White Mountains, has several considerable mountains within its limits. Chocorua, in Burton, Sandwich mountain in the same range, Ossipee and Effingham mountains, Gunstock mountain in Gilford, Moose, in Brookfield and Middleton, and other heights along. the ridge denominated Blue Hills, are the most elevated. Red Hill in Moultonborough has a commanding elevation, and has long attracted visitors. Below, the waters of the Winnepisiogee Jie open to the eye, and its numerous island's and bays present a fine appearance. This lake is much the largest body of water in the state, being 22 miles long, and varying from one to eight miles in width. Sullivan, or Squam lake, lies partly in this county, and is 6 miles in length and nearly 5 in width. Ossi- pee lake is also in this county. Great bay, Long bay and Merrymeeting bay, are connected with the Winnepisiogee lake. Smith's pond, in Wolf- borough, Sixmile, in Eaton, Merrymeeting, in New-Durham, and Love- well's, in Wakefield, are the principal ponds. The larger rivers are the Pascataqua, Salmon-Fall, Cochecho, Saco and Swift rivers. The soil of Strafford county, though presenting a great variety, is generally good. Our lands are generally hard of cultivation, but the patient laborer finds an ample reward for his industry. Persons in this county engaged in agriculture in 1820, were 10,284; in manufactures, 1,538 ; and in com- merce, 9.
STATISTICAL TABLE.
TOWNS.
Meeting-houses.
School districts.
School houses.
Taverns.
Stores.
Saw-mills.
Grain-mills.
Clothing mills.
Carding machines.
Bark mills.
|Tanneries.
Alton
31
20
14
1
5
11
Barnstead
3
11
11
3
10
7
Barrington
1}
10
7
1
3
4
4
1
2
Brookfield
4
4
4
1
1
2
131
31
3
-
5 5
53
NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
TOWNS.
Meeting-houses.
School districts.
School houses.
Taverns.
Stores.
Saw mills.
Grain-mills.
Clothing mills.
ICarding machines.
Bark mills.
[Tanneries.
Burton
4
3
2
4
Centre-Harbor
1
2
2
1
2
1
Conway
2
12
6
3
4
4
5
2
Dover
2
10
8
5
30
2
4
5
4
174
174
Eaton
1
9
6
2
1
7
6
1
1
Effingham
2
10
8
2
6
4
5
1
1
4
4
Farmington
1
12
11
1
4
4
6
1
4
Gilmanton
6
24
24
6
12
11
18
4
3
6
Gilford
2
10
10
1
5
5
4
1
1
5
Lee
2
7
7
2
3
7
6
1
1
3
5
Madbury
1
4
4
1
Meredith
3
15
15
3
10
6
3
4
6
2
2
Middleton
1
3
3
2
2
1
2
Moultonborough
1
9
9
2
1
5
5
1
1
1
Milton
1
7
7
5
5
5
4
1
2
1
New-Durham
New-Hampton
3
12
12
2
2
8
4
2
2
3
Ossipee
2
17
11
2
8
7
7
1
1
3
Rochester
3
16
14
2
10
5
5
2
3
2
Sanbornton
3
19
18
3
8
15
24
5
8
10
10
Sandwich
3
11
10
1
3
6
6
3
3
3
3
Somersworth
1
6
6
1
2
3
3
Strafford
1
14
12
1
4
5
4
Tamworth
1
11
9
3
4
5
5
2
1.
2
2
Tuftonborough
1
7
6
3
5
4
5
2
2
1
Wakefield'
2
10
9
2
10
7
10
2
4
5
Wolf borough
1
9
8
2
4
4
3
1
1
1
2
32 Towns,
(56| 321| 282| 67
174
166| 170|48|53|57|65
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