Bi-centennial history of Albany. History of the county of Albany, N. Y., from 1609 to 1886. With portraits, biographies and illustrations, Part 100

Author: Howell, George Rogers, 1833-1899; Tenney, Jonathan, 1817-1888
Publication date: 1886
Publisher: New York, W. W. Munsell & Co.
Number of Pages: 1452

USA > New York > Albany County > Albany > Bi-centennial history of Albany. History of the county of Albany, N. Y., from 1609 to 1886. With portraits, biographies and illustrations > Part 100

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439

U. S. OFFICERS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS.

Board since September, 1872. The duties of the officers are to inspect hulls, engines, and boilers, and license masters, mates, pilots, and engineers. There are about 200 steam vessels in the district, comprising passenger, towing, freight, and ferry- boats. The boats of the People's Line belong to the New York District.

UNITED STATES CIRCUIT COURT.

This is known as the second circuit, and in- cludes Vermont, Connecticut, and New York. It was organized September 24, 1789. A term is held on the third Tuesday in January annually, in the Government Building.

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT.

This is designated as the Northern District of New York, and Albany is one of the forty-six counties of which it is composed as organized April 9, 1814.

The District Attorneys are appointed for a term of four years, at a salary of $6,000 per year. The present incumbent is Honorable Martin I. Towns- end, of Troy. Alden Chester, of Albany, is Assist- ant District Attorney.

Masters and Examiners in United States Circuit Court: William Lansing, J. Hampden Wood.

Masters and Examiners in United States District Court: Worthington Frothingham, William Lan- sing, J. Hampden Wood.

Commissioners: Worthington Frothingham and J. Hampden Wood.

Deputy-Marshal: James H. Kelley.

Board of Pension Examining Surgeons. - The following physicians of Albany have served as ex- amining surgeons: S. D. Willard, S. H. Freeman, George T. Stevens, J. Savage Delavan, William H. Craig. The present Board consists of Drs. Charles H. Porter, William H. Bailey, Herman Bendell.

Alonzo B. Voorhees was appointed Registrar in Bankruptcy in 1867.

SIGNAL SERVICE.

The United States Signal Service was established in Albany in December, 1873, and located in the Dudley Observatory under the direction of Ser- geant Myers. March 13, 1880, the office was removed to Gray's Building, Nos. 42 and 44 State street. October 1, 1884, the rooms on the upper floor of the Government Building, which are admir- ably arranged for this special purpose, were placed in care of Sergeant J. O. Barnes, the officer in charge. There have been stationed at the Albany office since its commencement, Sergeants Myers, Danhauser, Beal, and Barnes.

The whole service is conducted by the War Department under Chief Signal Officer General W. B. Hazen, at Washington. Observations are taken at the Albany office at 7 A. M , 3 and II P. M., and the reports are forwarded to Washington by tele- graph. Local observations are taken at 11 A. M. and 7 P. M., and a sudden fall in the temperature

is indicated by hoisting a black flag from the roof of the building.

The Farmer's Bulletin, containing weather indi- cations, is sent from this office to about three hun- dred and eighty postmasters in this vicinity, and to several business firms and other persons in the city. Reports are received from about fifty-six stations, which are furnished to newspapers for publication, and posted in many public places about the city.

The office is open during the usual business hours, and any information as to reports and the general work of the service is freely given through the kindness of Sergeant J. O. Barnes.

The temperature of Albany, as observed at this station for the past ten years, has an extreme range from 93º above to 18° below zero, and an average yearly range from 92. 5° above to 11.8º below zero. The mean for the seasons is: winter, 25.6º; spring, 45.6°; summer, 70.5°; autumn, 51.2°. Average for the year, 48.2º.

In the winter of 1790, the thermometer marked 24° below zero; February 9, 1807, at sunrise, 20° below zero; February 12, 1809, Sunday morning, 8 o'clock, 17º below zero. July 13, 1853, the thermometer at Albany indicated 94° above zero. These are recorded by Joel Munsell as remarkable for this city.

The average yearly rainfall, as computed from observations at this station for the years from 1874 to 1884, is 36.97 inches, and is distributed through- out the year as follows: winter, 8.07; spring, 8.69; summer, 10.95; and autumn, 9.26 inches. For the year 1853, the rainfall was 45.79 inches, and for 1850, 50.97 inches. The lowest record was in 1851, 31.79 inches. The average rainfall at Al- bany, as determined at the Boys' Academy, from 1826 to 1852 was 40.64 inches. Compared with the past ten years the rainfall appears to be dimin- ishing.

A code of weather signals has been adopted at the service station for Albany. In accordance with the recommendation of General Hazen, the following signals are used at this station: The red and blue sun, star and crescent, displayed on flags. The blue sun indicates general rain or snow; blue star, local rain or snow; the blue crescent, clear or fair weather; the red sun indicates higher tempera- ture; the red star, stationary temperature; the red crescent, lower temperature.

UNITED STATES OFFICERS.

This list comprises the names of men who are or have been citizens of Albany County and held very prominent offices in the United States Govern- ment.

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. -- Martin Van Buren, elected in the fall of 1836. Sworn into office March 4, 1837. He was a native of Kin- derhook; but resided and practiced law in Albany many years.

VICE-PRESIDENT .- Daniel D. Tompkins, elected in 1817. Though Mr. Tompkins was not one who might be called a permanent resident of Al-

440

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF ALBANY.

bany County, he spent many years of his life in the City of Albany, and was at the time of his election as Vice-President, residing in this city as the Gov- ernor of the State.

UNITED STATES SENATORS .- The Constitution of the United States provides that the Legislature of each State shall choose two senators, who shall hold their office six years. Vacancies during the recess of the Legislature are filled by the Governor until the sittings of the next Legislature. At the first session they were divided into three classes, that one-third might be chosen every second year. A Senator must be an inhabitant of the State which chooses him, and must have been a citizen of the United States nine years.

Philip Schuyler, chosen July 16, 1789, serving till 1791; Philip Schuyler, chosen January 24, 1797, serving one year. Martin Van Buren, elected February 6. 1821; Martin Van Buren, elected February 6, 1827; Charles E. Dudley, elected January 15, 1829; William L. Marcy, elected February 1, 1831; John A. Dix, elected January 18, 1845; Ira Harris, February 5, 1861.

U. S. CABINET, JUDICIAL AND MATIC OFFICERS.

DIPLO-

Alexander Hamilton, who studied law and mar- ried in Albany, and spent much time in this city, was Washington's Secretary of the Treasury; John C. Spencer also held this office, to which Daniel Manning has recently succeeded. Martin Van Buren and William L. Marcy held the office of Secretary of State; Smith Thompson, Secretary of the Navy; John C. Spencer, John A. Dix, Sec- retary of War; Benjamin F. Butler, Attorney- General.

John J. Bradley, a native of Berne, and Smith Thompson, once a resident of Albany, have adorned the Bench of the United States Supreme Court.

Martin Van Buren, Daniel D. Barnard, Har- manus Bleecker, Henry G. Wheaton, Bradford R. Wood, John A. Dix, Henry A. Homes, Robert H. Pruyn, Alfred Conkling, Bret Harte, E. G. Squier, S. G. W. Benjamin, J. Meredith Read, John M. Bailey, and probably some others whose names do not now occur to us, have gone from this county to hold various important diplomatic posi- tions abroad.

Besides these, we record Roscoe Conkling and Le- land Stanford, ex-United States Senators, as natives of Albany County. Aaron Burr, who read and practiced law in Albany, where, also, was born his daughter, Theodosia, held the office of United States Senator, and Vice-President under Jefferson.

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS.

The Constitution of the United States provides that the President and Vice-President shall be chosen by Electors appointed in such a manner as the Legislatures of the States shall direct, the num- ber to be equal to their number of Senators and Representatives in Congress. In this State the

electors were originally appointed by the Legisla- ture. Subsequently, by an act passed March 26, 1796, the Legislature convened in Special Session quadrennially, on the first Tuesday in November, at Hudson, in place of the Electoral College. They continued to hold their Special Sessions there till 1812, since which time, by an act passed May 26th of that year, the Electors have met at Albany. By the Act of March 15, 1825, the District System was adopted; but this existed for only one election, when the Legislature, by an act passed April 15, 1829, adopted the present system. In making up the general ticket, one person is selected from each Congressional District, and two to represent the State at large. The Electoral College meets at the State Capitol the first Wednesday of December of the Presidential year, and casts its votes for Presi- dent and Vice-President; makes a list thereof; and forwards it, under seal, to the President of the United States Senate, who announces the result.

Electors from Albany appointed by the Legislature under the Act of 1792 .- 1796, November 7, Abra- ham Ten Broeck, Abraham Van Vechten; 1800, Jeremiah Van Rensselaer; 1804, Henry Quacken- boss; 1808, Ambrose Spencer, Henry Yates, Jr .; 1812, Simeon De Witt, Archibald McIntyre; 1816, Charles E. Dudley; 1820, Benjamin Knower; 1824, Elisha Dorr.

Electors elected by Districts .- 1828, Abraham Van Vechten; 1832, John M. Quackenbush; 1836, Peter Wendell; 1840, Archibald McIntyre; 1844, John Keyes Paige; 1848, Clarkson F. Crosby; 1852, Cornelius Vosburgh; 1856, Henry H. Van Dyck; 1860, Jacob H. Ten Eyck; 1864, John Tweddle; 1868, John Loew (did not attend and Cornelius Armstrong was appointed. ). From the adoption of the Constitution down to 1872, an elector was always taken from Albany. 1876, Eli Perry; 1884, Erastus Corning.

REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS.

The House of Representatives is composed of members elected by districts; they hold their office two years; must reside in the State which they are chosen to represent, and have been seven years citizens of the United States, and have attained the age of twenty-five. Each new Congress com- mences on the 4th of March every odd year. The elections are held during the year preceding.

The Constitution of the United States directs that a census be taken every ten years, which has been fixed at those years ending with a cipher. After each enumeration, Congress apportions the representation among the several States. There are now thirty-three Congressional Districts in the State. The County of Albany comprises the six- teenth district.

The following shows the names of the Represent- atives that represented Albany County, with the Congresses in which they served. - Jeremiah J. Van Rensselaer, Ist Congress; James Gordon and Peter Silvester, each a part of the second Congress; Henry Glen, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th; Killian Van Rensselaer, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th; Harmanus Bleecker,

441

STATE OF NEW YORK-BUILDINGS AND PUBLIC OFFICERS.

12th; John Lovett, 13th, 14th; Rensselaer West- erlo, 15th; Solomon Van Rensselaer, 16th; Stephen Van Rensselaer, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th; Ambrose Spencer, 21st; Gerrit Y. Lansing, 22d, 23d, 24th ; Albert Gallup, 25th ; Daniel D. Barnard, 26th, 27th, 28th; Bradford R. Wood, 29th; John I. Slingerland. 30th; John L. School- craft, 31st, 32d ; Rufus W. Peckham, 33d; Sam- uel Dixon, 34th; Erastus Corning, Sr., 35th, 37th,

38th; John H. Reynolds, 36th; Charles Good- year, 39th; John V. L. Pruyn, 40th; Stephen L. Mayham, 4Ist; Eli Perry, 42d, 43d ; Charles H. Adams, 44th; Terence J. Quinn, 45th; John M. Bailey, 46th; Michael M. Nolan, 47th; Thomas J. Van Alystyne, 48th; John Swinburne, 49th.

In some instances the districts represented in- cluded portions of territory adjacent to Albany County.

STATE OF NEW YORK.

ITS BUILDINGS AND PUBLIC OFFICERS IN ALBANY COUNTY.

Prof .. J. TENNEY, Editor.

THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS.

1801 -THIS Convention was held at Albany from October 13 to 27, 1801, pursuant to an act passed April 6th of that year, to settle a controversy that had arisen regarding the relative powers of the Governor and Council of Appoint- ments respecting nominations for office, and to consider the expediency of altering the Constitu- tion in regard to the number of Senators and As- semblymen, with power to reduce and limit the same. The Convention unanimously decided that the Council of Appointment had equal powers of nomination of officers with the Governor. The number of Senators was fixed at thirty-two, and As- semblymen at one hundred, to be increased after each census, at the rate of two yearly, until they reached the number of one hundred and fifty. Aaron Burr was President. The delegates from Albany were: Johan Jost Dietz, Leonard Ganse- voort, Daniel Hale, John V. Henry, Josiah Ogden Hoffman, Abraham Van Ingen, Stephen Van Rensselaer, Peter West.

1821 .- The Legislature of 1820 passed an act recommending a Convention of the people of this State. Objections were made to it by the Council of Revision. These objections were referred to a select committee, which submitted its report Jan- uary 9, 1821, in opposition to the opinion of the Council, which was adopted by the Assembly. But the bill did not receive a two-thirds vote and failed to pass.

A new bill was immediately drafted, received the sanction of the Council of Revision, and passed both Houses March 13, 1821.

The Convention assembled in Albany, August 28, and adjourned November 10, 1821. Daniel D. Tompkins was President. The Delegates from Albany were James Kent, Ambrose Spencer, Stephen Van Rensselaer, Abraham Van Vechten.

These gentlemen all refused to sign the Con- stitution as revised by this Convention.

1846 .- The Constitution of 1821 grew in dis- favor owing to a feeling that the power in the hands of the Governor and Senate had become too great. Other strong objections were made to it.

Agreeably to the popular will, expressed at the general election November 4, 1845, an act passed the Legislature, April 22, 1846, calling a Conven- tion at Albany, June Ist following. It met on that day, and adjourned October 9, 1846.

The new Constitution limited the discretion of the Legislature in regard to some of the great con- cerns of the State, extended the elective franchise, gave the people the selection of most of the local officers which had been appointed by the Legisla- ture, erected an independent Court of Appeals, and made other changes in the Judiciary and Courts of the State. John Tracy, of Chenango, was President. This Constitution was submitted to the people November 3, 1846, with the ques- tion for the repeal of the property qualifications for colored citizens separately. The result was: Con- stitution-Ayes, 221,528; Noes, 92,436. Equal Suffrage to Colored Persons-Ayes, 85, 306; Noes, 223,834. The delegates from Albany were: Ira Harris, Peter Shaver, Benjamin Stanton, Horace K. Willard.

1867. - According to the provisions of the Constitution and the will of the people, the Legis- lature of 1867 "provided for the election of de- legates to revise the organic law of the State, which was held April 23d of that year." The election resulted in a majority in favor of the convention. Thirty-two delegates at large were chosen, voters being restricted to sixteen names upon their ballots. Thus were secured equal representations, so far as these delegates were concerned, of the two leading political parties of the day.

The Convention met in Albany June 4, and ad- journed November 12, 1867.

William A. Wheeler was President. Delegates from Albany County were Ira Harris, at large, and William Cassidy, Erastus Corning, Amasa J. Parker.

442

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF ALBANY.

CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION.

The Constitution framed by the Convention of 1867 contained several provisions, the essential principles of which were felt to be desirable in the organic law. Among these was the clause for- bidding the Legislature to audit claims, and the sections relative to the Public Works and Prisons. Governor Hoffman, in his annual message of 1872, recommended that a commission of thirty-two eminent citizens, taken from the two great political parties, be created for the purpose of effecting a thorough revision of the Constitution. The Legis- lature acted upon this suggestion, empowering the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to designate thirty-two persons- four from each judicial district-to constitute a commission for the purpose of proposing to the Legislature, at its next session, amendments to the Constitution, provided that no amendment shall be made to the sixth article thereof.

Commissioners from the Third District, includ- ing Albany County, were Robert H. Pruyn, Al- bany; William Cassidy, Albany; George C. Bur- dett, Troy; Joseph B. Hall, Catskill; Cornelius Tracy, Troy. Robert H. Pruyn was chosen Chair- man.

The Commission assembled in Albany December 4, 1872, and adjourned March 15, 1873. Their deliberations were submitted to the Legislature of 1873, by which, after some modifications, the proposed amendments were referred to the Legis- lature of 1874, pursuant to Article 13, Section 1, of the Constitution. This Legislature submitted to the people at the general election to be held in 1874, the amendments to which it agreed. The fifth article, as proposed by the Commission, pro- vided for the appointment, by the Governor and Senate, of Secretary of State, Attorney-General, State Engineer and Surveyor, Superintendent of Public Works, and Superintendent of Prisons. This article was not approved and was not submit- ted to the people.

The disagreement in the Legislature upon this article, resulted in the postponement of the impor- tant amendments relating to the Superintendent of Public Works and Superintendent of Prisons, and providing for their appointment by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. These amendments were submitted to the people in 1876, and adopted by them.

PUBLIC OFFICERS.

GOVERNORS OF THE STATE. - John Tayler, elected 1816. Mr. Tayler was elected Lieutenant-Gov- ernor January 29, 1814, under a special act of the Legislature, passed April 11, 1811, after the death of John Broome, Lieutenant-Governor, who died August, 1810. At that time Daniel D. Tompkins was serving his second term as Governor. In 1816 Daniel D. Tompkins was again elected Governor, and John Tayler, Lieutenant-Governor. The next year Mr. Tompkins was elected Vice-President, and Mr. Tayler became Governor.

Martin Van Buren, elected 1828. Mr. Van Buren was appointed Secretary of State under President Jackson, March 12, 1829, and resigned the office of Governor, and Enos T. Troop became Governor.

John A. Dix, 1872.

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS .-- Stephen Van Rensse- laer, April 28, 1795; Jeremiah Van Rensselaer, April 28, 1801; John Tayler, January 29, 1814; John Tayler, April 27, 1816.

STATE SECRETARIES OF STATE .-- Daniel Hale, March 24, 1793; Charles D. Cooper, April 17, 1817; John Van Ness Yates, April, 1818; John Van Ness Yates, February 13, 1823; John A. Dix, February 1, 1833.

STATE TREASURERS .-- This is an ancient office. It was first known as Receiver-General when the State, as New Netherlands, was under the Dutch Government; under the English Colonial Govern- ment, as Receiver and Collector-General. These last officers were also Collectors of the Port of New York. They were always the keepers of the peo- ple's money. They were appointed under the En- glish laws by the Crown. The Provincial Congress continued the office. The first State Constitution directed the appointment to be made by an act of the Legislature, to originate with the Assembly. Under the present Constitution the State Treasurer, elected by popular vote, receives the public funds, and pays drafts upon the warrants of the Comp- troller, the Superintendent of Public Instruction and the Secretary of the State Board of Charities. He is also, ex officio, Commissioner of the Land Office and of the Canal Fund, the State Board of Equalization, of Assessments, of the Board of State Canvassers and a Trustee of the Union Uni- versity. He is chosen every two years. The salary is $5,000 per annum. He has a deputy, book- keeper and clerks.

Robert McClallen, March 16, 1798; Abraham G. Lansing, February 8, 1803; Abraham G. Lan- sing, February 18, 1810; Charles Z. Platt, Febru- ary 10, 1813; Gerrit L. Dox, February 12, 1817; Benjamin Knower, January 29, 1821; Stephen Clark, November 7, 1855; Nathan D. Wendell, November 4, 1879.

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL. -- This is another very an- cient office in the State of New York. Under the Dutch, in the Province of New Netherlands, the office was known as "Schout-Fiscal." He was both Attorney-General and Sheriff. He arrested persons and examined and prosecuted them. In very important cases, where there were reasons for strong suspicions, but no direct evidence, of the prisoner's guilt, 'he subjected him to the most cruel torture. This was done to obtain a confession of guilt. He, with one magistrate, were witnesses of the torture, deciding when to begin and when to suspend. As Sheriff he executed the judgments of the Supreme Courts in Criminal and Civil cases, and was allowed deputies. He had a voice in the enactment of all laws and a seat in the Council, except when officiating as prosecuting officer.

443

STATE OF NEW YORK-BUILDINGS AND PUBLIC OFFICERS.

Under the English Colonial Government he was appointed by the Colonial Governors until 1702, after which he was commissioned by the Crown and held the office during its pleasure. As law officer of the State his duties have been about the same. Under the first Constitution he was com- missioned by the Council of Appointment and was a Commissioner of the Canal Fund and of the Land Office. Under the second Constitution he was a Commissioner of the same Boards as the Sec- retary of State. He is now elected every other year by the people, and is, ex officio, Commissioner of the Land Office and of the Canal Fund, a member of the Canal Board, the Board of Staie Canvassers, the State Board of Health, the State Board of Char- ities, the State Board of Equalization of Assess- ments, a Trustee of the University and of the New York State Soldiers' and Sailors' Home.

John Woodworth, February 3, 1804; Abraham Van Vechten, February 2, 1810; Abraham Van Vechten, February 13, 1813; Martin Van Buren, February 17, 1815; Samuel A. Talcott, February 12, 1821; Samuel A. Talcott, February 8, 1823; John Van Buren, February 3, 1845; Lyman Tre- main, November 3, 1857; Charles S. Fairchild, November 2, 1875.

COMPTROLLER .- The Comptroller is now the Auditor of Public Accounts, except those pay- able from the Free School Fund. He manages the funds of the State, loans its moneys, superintends the collection of its taxes and the payment of cur- rent expenses of the State. He is also at the head of a Bureau of Canal Affairs. He is, ex officio, Com- missioner of the Land Office and of the Canal Fund, a Member of the Canal Board and of the Board of State Canvassers, a Trustee of the Idiot Asylum and of Union University, and of the State Board of Equalization of Assessments. He is elect- ed every other year.

John V. Henry, March 12, 1800; Archibald McIntyre, March 25, 1806; William L. Marcy, February 13, 1826; Azariah C. Flagg, January 11, 1834; Azariah C. Flagg, February 7, 1842; Fred- erick P. Olcott.

SURVEYOR-GENERAL AND STATE ENGINEERS. - The Surveyor-General and State Engineer is, ex officio, Trustee of the Union University, a Commissioner of the Land Office, and a member of the Canal Board and the Board of State Canvassers. He is elected every other year. He has a deputy and necessary clerks. The State Engineer and Sur- veyor supervises the canal engineering department. He appoints three division engineers and three resident engineers.

Philip Schuyler, March 30, 1781; Simeon De- Witt, May 13, 1784; Simeon De Witt, February 8, 1823; Orville L. Holly, February 5, 1838.

STATE ENGINEERS AND SURVEYORS .- William J. McAlpine, November 4, 1851; Sylvanus H. Sweet, November 4, 1873; Elnathan Sweet, November, 1883.

CANAL COMMISSIONERS. -- The Constitutional Com- mission of 1874 recommended, among other things, the appointment of Superintendent of Public Works,

This was adopted by the Legislature of 1875. The office of Canal Commissioner was abolished on the appointment of the Superintendent of Public Works, which took place February 8, 1878. Stephen Van Rensselaer, April 17, 1816; Asa Whitney, Febru- ary 22, 1840; Stephen Clark, February 8, 1842; Stephen Clark, November 4, 1844; Charles H. Sherrill, November 5, 1856.

GOVERNORS' MANSIONS.

The Legislature of the State fixed the seat of government at Albany in 1797. Its session that year was held in the Stadt Hnys, commencing January 3d, and ending April 3d. The law mak- ing Albany the State capital is dated March 10th. John Jay was then Governor. He occupied "Mr. James Caldwell's elegant house in State street," sit- uated where Walsh's hat store is now located. George Clinton, who was the first Governor of the State, from· 1777 to 1795, was again elected, and followed Mr. Jay from 1801 to 1804. The same house occupied by Governor Jay was occupied by Governor Clinton and family. We do not find where Morgan Lewis (1804 to 1807) had his mansion. Governor Daniel D. Tompkins (1807 to 1817) re- sided a portion of his term, if not the whole of it, at 99 Washington avenue, where George B. Steele now resides. De Witt Clinton (1817 to 1823, and 1826 to 1828) had his residence corner of North Pearl and Steuben streets, on the site now occupied by Johnston & Reilly's store. Here he died, Feb- ruary 11, 1828. Martin Van Buren (1828 to 1829) resided at 92 State street, on the site of J. H. Sim- mons' auction-rooms. Enos T. Throop, who filled out the term of Governor Van Buren (who resigned March 12, 1829, to become Secretary of State under Andrew Jackson), and was afterwards Governor from 1831 to 1833, had his mansion at No. 1 Elk street, where the late Harmon Pumpelly resided.

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Bi-centennial history of Albany. History of the county of Albany, N. Y., from 1609 to 1886. With portraits, biographies and illustrations, Part 100

Author: Howell, George Rogers, 1833-1899; Tenney, Jonathan, 1817-1888 Publication date: 1886 Publisher: New York, W. W. Munsell & Co. Number of Pages: 1452

Author: Howell, George Rogers, 1833-1899; Tenney, Jonathan, 1817-1888
Publication date: 1886
Publisher: New York, W. W. Munsell & Co.
Number of Pages: 1452