USA > New York > Albany County > Albany > Bi-centennial history of Albany. History of the county of Albany, N. Y., from 1609 to 1886. With portraits, biographies and illustrations > Part 13
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R .... typhina.
Stag-horn Sumac.
R .... copallina.
Mountain Sumac.
R .... venenata.
Poison Sumac.
R .... Toxicodendron
.Poison Ivy.
R .... aromatica
Sweet Sumac.
TILIACEA.
Tilia, Americana
Linden. Bass Wood.
VITACEA.
Vitis, Labrusca
Large-Blue Grape.
V ... cordifolia.
. Frost Grape.
V ... æstivalis
. Summer Grape.
Ampelopsis, quinquefolia. .
. Woodbine. Virginian Creeper.
ACERACE.E.
Acer, rubrum
Swamp Maple.
A .... dasycarpum.
White Maple.
A. ... saccharinum
. Sugar Maple.
A .. nigrum.
Black Maple.
A .... Pennsylanicum.
Striped Maple.
23
BOTANY,
ACERACEÆ.
Acer, spicatum
Mountain Maple.
CELASTRACEÆE.
Staphylea, trifolia.
Bladder Nut.
Celastrus, scandens
Climbing Bitter Sweet.
RHAMNACEÆ.
Ceanothus, Americanus
Jer-ey Tea.
POLYGALACEÆ.
Polygala, verticillata . Whorl-leaved Polygala.
P
Senega.
Seneca Snake-root.
P
paucifolia
Fringed Polygala.
LEGUMINOSÆE.
Ervum, hirsutum
Hairy Vetch.
Apios, tuberosa
Ground Nut.
Amphicarpaa, monoica.
Hog Nut.
Tephrosia, Virginiana
. Goat's Rue.
Trifolium, repens.
. White Clover.
T
ævense
Haresfoot Trefoil.
T
pratense
.Common Red Clover.
T
.. agrarium.
.Field or Hop Trefoil.
Melilotus, officinalis.
M.
.. . alba
White Melilot.
Medicago, lupulina.
. Nonesuch.
Astragalus, Canadensis.
. Canadian Vetch.
Desmodium, nudiflorum
Naked-flowered Desmodium.
D
acuminatum
Pointed-leaved Desmodiuni.
D
canescens.
Hoary Desmodium.
D.
Canadense
Bush Trefoil.
D
cuspidatum
. Cuspidate Desmodium.
D
paniculatum.
Panicled Desmodium.
D
rotundifolium
Round-leaved Desmodium.
Lespedeza, capitata
Bush Clover.
L.
hirta
Hairy Lespedeza.
L.
procumbens.
. Trailing Lespedeza.
L ..
violacea
Violet Lespedeza.
L ...
. sessilliflora
Sessile-flowered Lespedeza.
Lupinus, perennis.
Common Lupine.
Baptisia, tinctoria.
Wild Indigo.
Cassia, marilandica
American Senna.
C ..... Chamæcrista
Dwarf-Cassia.
C ..... nictitans
Wild Sensitive Plant.
ROSACEAE.
Prunus, serotina
Black or Wild Cherry.
P
. .
Virginiana.
. Choke Cherry.
P
Pennsylvanica.
. Wild Red Cherry.
P
pumila
Sand Cherry.
P
. Americana
. Wild Plum.
Cratægus, coccinea
. White Thorn.
C ...
. Crus-galli.
. Cockspur Thorn.
C ...... punctata.
Thorn.
Pyrus, arbutifolia.
Choke-Berry.
P ..... Americana.
Mountain Ash.
Amelanchier, Canadensis.
. Shad-Berry, Bill-berry.
Rosa, Carolina.
. Swamp Rose.
R. ... lucida.
.Shining or Wild Rose.
R. ... blanda.
. Bland Rose.
R .... rubiginosa
Sweet Brier.
Rubus, villosus
High Blackberry.
R .....
hispidus.
. Bristly Blackberry.
R ..... Canadensis Low Blackberry.
Rubus, odoratus.
Rose-flowering Raspberry.
R ..... strigosus.
Wild Red Raspberry.
R ... . occidentalis.
Black Raspberry.
R .... triflorus.
Three-flowered Raspberry.
Potentilla, Norvegica.
. Norwegian Potentilla.
P
Canadensis.
. Common Cinquefoil.
P
argentea
Silvery Cinquefoil.
P
anserina.
Silver Weed.
P
arguta
White flowered Potentilla.
P.
palustris.
Marsh Cinquefoil.
Fragaria, Virginiana
Wild Strawberry.
F. Vesca.
Alpine or Wood Straw-
berry.
Dalibarda, repens.
False Violet.
Waldsteinia, fragarioides.
Dry Strawberry.
Geum, rivale.
Purple Avens.
G .... . strictum.
Yellow Avens.
G ..... Virginianum
White Avens.
Poterium, Canadense
Burnet Saxifrage.
Agrimonia, Eupatoria
.Agrimony.
Spiræa, tomentosa.
Hardhack.
S ...... salicifolia.
. Queen of the Meadow.
S ..
Opulifolia
Nine-bark.
LYTHRACEÆE.
Decodon, Verticillatum.
. .
ONAGRACEÆE.
Epilobium, angustifolium.
Willow Herb.
E ..
Coloratum !.
Colored Epilobium.
E .... ... hirsutum
. Hairy Epilobium.
(Enothera, biennis.
. Common Evening Prim-
rose.
Π....... pumila
. Dwarf Evening Primrose.
Gaura, biennis. .
Biennial Gaura.
Circaa, Lutetiana
. Enchanter's Nightshade.
C ...... alpina.
Alpine Nightshade.
CUCURBITACE.E.
Sicyos, angulatus.
. Single-seeded Cucumber.
Echinocystis, lobata
. Wild Balsam-Apple.
GROSSULACEÆE.
Ribes, floridum.
Wild Black Currant.
R .... prostratum
Fetid Currant.
R ... Cynosbati.
Prickly Gooseberry.
R .... rotundifolium
Wild Gooseberry.
CRASSULACEÆE.
Sedum, Telephium.
. Common Live-forever.
Penthorum, sedoides
. Virginia Stone-Crop.
SAXIFRAGACEÆE.
Saxifraga, Virginiensis.
Early Saxifrage.
S ..
....
. Pennsylvanica
Tall Saxifrage.
Heuchera, Americana
Alum Root.
Mitella, diphylla.
Bishop's Cap.
M ... . nuda.
Leafless stemmed Bishop's
Cap.
Tiarella, cordifolia.
. Mitre Wort. Gem Fruit.
Chrysosplenium, Americanum. .
.. . Water Carpet.
HAMAMELACEÆ.
Hamamelis, Virginica.
Witch Hazel.
Yellow Melilot.
24
HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF ALBANY.
UMBELLIFERÆE.
Hydrocotyle, Americana
. Pennywort.
H ..
. umbellata.
.Umbellate Pennywort.
Sanicula, Canadensis
Canadian Sanicle.
S.
. Marilandica
Long-styled Sanicle.
Cicuta, maculata
Water Hemlock.
C ..... bulbifera
Narrow-leaved Hemlock.
Sium, latifolium.
. Water Parsnip.
S .... lineare. Linear-leaved Water Par-
snip.
Cryptotania, Canadensis.
Hone-wort.
Zizia, Aurea
. Golden Alexander.
Z .... integerrima
Entire leaved
Golden
Alexander.
Archangelica, atropurpurea
Angelica.
A.
hirsuta.
Hairy Angelica.
Daucus, Carota
Wild Carrot.
Pastinaca, sativa.
Common Wild Parsnip.
Heracleum, lanatum
Cow Parsnip.
Osmorrhiza, longistylis
Sweet Cicily.
( ......... brevistylis.
Short-styled Cicily.
Conium, maculatum.
Poison Hemlock.
ARALIACE/E.
Aralia, nudicaulis
. Wild Sarsaparilla.
A ..... racemosa
Spikenard.
A ..... hispida.
Bristiy Aralia. [Ginseng.
Panax, trifolium.
. Ground Nut. Dwarf
1' ..... quinquefohum
Ginseng.
CORNACEA.
Cornus, stolonifera
White-berried Cornel.
E.
strigosum.
. Fleabane. White Weed
C ...... sericea
Red Osier.
C ..... circinata.
. Round-leaved Dogwood.
C ...... alternifolia
Alternate-leaved.
C ...... paniculata.
Panicled Dogwood.
C ...... florida
Flowering Dogwood.
C ...... Canadensis.
Low Cornel, or Dogwood.
CAPRIFOLIACÆ.
Lonicera, hirsuta
Hairy Honeysuckle.
S
arguta.
. Sharp-toothed Goldenrod
L ....... parviflora
Small-flowered "
L ....... ciliata
. Fly Honeysuckle.
Diervilla, trifida ..
. Bush Honeysuckle.
Triosteum, perfoliatum.
Fever-wort.
Symphoricarpus, racemosus
. Snow-berry.
Linnæa, borealis
Twin-flower.
Sambucus, Canadensis.
. Common Elder.
S ..
pubens.
.Panicled Elder.
Viburnum, lantanöides
Hobble-bush.
V
opulus.
High Cranberry.
V
acerifolium
Dockmackie.
V
Lentago.
Sweet Viburnum.
V.
nudum
. Swamp Viburnum.
V
dentatum
Arrow-head.
Leucanthemum, vulgare
Ox-eye Daisy.
V
pubescens
. Downy Viburnumn.
RUBIACEAE.
Galium, asprellum.
Rough Cleavers.
B ..
G ...... trifidum.
Small Bedstraw.
.. cernua
. Water-bur Marigold.
B ..
...
chrysanthemoides ..
Radiate-bur Marigold.
G .... .. triflorum
Sweet-scented Bedstraw.
G ..
. Aparine
. Common Cleavers.
. Northern Galium.
G ...... boreale.
Mitchella, repens.
l'artridge Berry.
Hedyotis, corulea.
Dwarf Pink.
H ....... longifolia
.Long-leaved Dwarf Pink.
Cephalanthus, occidentalis.
. Button Bush.
COMPOSIT A.
Eupatorium
Trumpet-weed.
E ...
. purpureum
E.
sessilifolium
Sessile-leaved Eupatorium
E ..
perfoliatum
Thoroughwort. Boneset.
E ..
ageratoides
Nettle-leaved Eupatorium
Tussilago, Farfara
.. Colt's-foot.
Aster, corymbosus
.Corymbed Aster.
Aster, macrophyllus.
Large-leaved Aster.
Heart-leaved Aster.
Aster, cordifolius
. Wave-leaved Aster.
A .... undulatus.
. Spreading Aster.
Smooth Aster.
A .... puniceus
Red-stalked Aster.
A .... Novæ Angliæe
. New England Aster.
.Tradescant's Aster.
A .... miser.
. Starved Aster.
A .... simplex.
A .... dumosus
Bushy Aster.
A .... ericoides
Heath-like Aster.
A ... . multiflorus.
. Many-flowered Aster.
A .... acuminatus
. Acuminate Wood Aster.
Sericocarpus, conyzoides
Broad-leaved Sericocarpus.
Erigeron, bellidifolium
. Robin's Plantain.
E ...
... Philadelphicum.
Narrow-leaved Robin's
Plantain.
E.
annuum
. Common Fleabane.
E ..
Canadense
. Canadian Fleabane.
Solidago, lanceolata.
Grass-leaved Goldenrod.
S
squarrosa
Ragged Goldenrod.
S
bicolor
Broad-leaved Goldenrod.
Blue-stemmed Goldenrod.
S
nemoralis
. Gray Goldenrod.
S
Canadensis
Canadian Goldenrod.
S
seriotina
. Late Goldenrod.
S
altissima
Tall Goldenrod.
Inula, helenium.
Elecampane.
Heliopsis, lævis.
Ox-eye.
Rudbeckia, lanciniata.
.Sinooth Rudbeckia.
R
hirta
Hairy Rudbeckia.
Helianthus, annuus.
Common Sunflower.
H.
decapetalus
. Ten-rayed Sunflower.
H.
·divaricatus.
Spreading Sunflower.
H.
. strumosus
. Wild Sunflower.
Helenium, autumnale.
. American Sneeze-wort.
Maruta, Cotula.
May-weed.
Achillea, Millefolium
Millfoil. Yarrow.
Bidens, frondosa.
Leafy-bur Marigold.
B.
connata
. Trifid-bur Marigold.
Senecio, aureus
. Golden Senecio.
Artemisia, vulgaris.
Mugwort.
Gnaphalium, polycephalum
. Fragrant Life-everlasting.
G ...... circæzans.
. Circaa-like Galium.
G.
decurrens.
. Decurrent Life everlasting.
G ..
uliginosum
.Mud Life-everlasting.
Narrow-leaved Aster.
A .... tenuifolius.
. Willow-leaved Aster.
A .... patens.
A .... lævis.
A .... Tradescanti.
S
latifolia
S
cæsia
White Goldenrod.
25
BOTANY.
COMPOSITAE.
Antennaria, margaritacea
. Pearly Life-everlasting.
A.
plantaginifolia.
Plantain-leaved
Life-
everlasting.
Erechthites, hieracifolia
Fir-weed.
Xanthium, strumarium
Clot-weed.
Ambrosia, trifida
Tall Ambrosia.
A ........ artemisiafolia
Hog-weed.
Lappa, major.
Burdock.
Cirsium, arvense.
. Canada Thistle.
C ...... lanceolatum
.Common Thistle.
C ...... muticum
Swamp Thistle.
Onopordon, acanthium
Scotch Thistle.
Krigia, Virginica
Dwarf Dandelion.
Cichorium, Intybusth
.Succory. Chiccory.
Lactuca, elongata
Wild Lettuce.
Hieracium, venosum
Veiny-leaved Hawkweed.
H.
paniculatum
Panicled Hawkweed.
H.
scabrum.
Rough Hawkweed. [tuce.
Nabalus, albus.
. Lion's-foot.
White Let-
N.
. altissimus
. Tall Nabalus.
Taraxacum, Dens-leonis
. Dandelion.
Sonchus, oleraceus
Common Sow Thistle.
S
asper.
Rough Sow Thistle.
LOBELIACEÆ.
Lobelia, cardinalis
Cardinal Flower.
Lobelia, inflata
Indian Tobacco.
L ....... syphiltica
Blue Cardinal Flower.
L.
spicata
Clayton's Lobelia.
L ....
Dortmanna
Water Lobelia.
CAMPANULACEÆ.
Campanula, rotundifolia
Hare Bell.
C .... . Americana .. American Bell-flower.
ERICACEAE.
Gaylussacia, resinosa
Black Whortleberry.
Vaccinium, corymbosum
High Whortleberry.
V.
. vacillans
Low Blueberry.
V.
Pennsylvanicum.
Dwarf Blueberry.
V
stamineum
Dewberry.
Oxycoccus, vulgaris.
Small Cranberry.
0
macrocarpus
Large Cranberry.
Arctostaphylos, Uva-ursi
. Bearberry.
Andromeda, polifolia
Marsh Andromeda.
A ..
ligustrina
Panicled Lyonia.
Cassandra, calyculata.
Leather-leaf.
Gaultheria, procumbens
Wintergreen. . Checker-
Epigæa, repens.
Trailing Arbutus.
flower.
Kalmia, latifolia. Mountain Laurel.
K ...... angustifolia.
Sheep Poison.
K ...... glauca
Swamp Laurel.
Rhododendron, nudiflorum
Swamp Pink.
R.
viscosum
Clammy Swamp Pink.
Ledum, latifolium
Labrador Tea.
Round-leaved Pyrola.
Green-flowered Pyrola.
Shin-leaf.
P
. secunda
. One-sided Pyrola.
Chimaphila, um bellata
Prince's Pine. Pipsissewa.
C .......... maculata Spotted Wintergreen.
Monotropa, uniflora.
Indian Pipe.
M ..
hypopitys
Pine Sap.
Pterospora, andromedea
. Giant Bird's Nest.
AQUIFOLIACEA.
Prinos, verticillatus
Black Alder. Winter-berry.
PRIMULACEÆ.
Trientalis, Americana
.Chickweed Wintergreen.
Lysimachia, stricta
Loosestrife.
L.
ciliata
Ciliate-leaved Loosestrife.
L
quadrifolia
Four-leaved Loosestrife.
L.
thyrsiflora
Tufted Loosestrife.
Anagallis, arvensis
Poor-man's Weather Glass.
PLANTAGINACEAE.
Plantago, major
Common Plantain. Ribwort.
P
lanceolata.
Lance-leaved Plantain.
P.
Rugelii ...
Rugel's Plantain.
LENTIBULACEÆE.
U ..
minor.
Smaller Bladderwort.
U ..
...
cornuta.
Horned Bladderwort.
OROBANCHACEÆE.
Aphyllon, unifforum.
. One-flowered Broomrape.
Conopholis, Americana
American Broomrape.
Epiphegus, Virginiana
. Beech-drops.
SCROPHULARIACEÆE.
Verbascum, Thapsus.
Common Mullein.
V ..
Blattaria
Moth Mullein.
Linaria, vulgaris
. Toad Flax. Snap-dragon.
L ...... Canadensis
. Canadian Snap-dragon.
Scrophularia, nodosa
.Figwort.
Chelone, glabra
Snake-head.
Pentstemon, pubescens
Beard-tongue.
Mimulus, ringens
Monkey Flower.
G ...... Virginiana
Veronica, Americana
Brooklime.
V.
Virginica
Culver's Physic.
V.
scutellata
Marsh Speed well.
V
officinalis
. Officinal Speedwell.
V
peregrina
Purslane Speed well.
V
agrestis .
Field Speed well.
V.
serpyllifolia
. Thyme-leaved Speedwell.
Gerardia, purpurea
. Purple Gerardia.
[berry.
G.
tenuifolia
Small Purple Gerardia.
Dasystoma, quercifolia
. Oak-leaved Dasystoma.
D.
.. flava
Downy Dasystoma.
D ..
pedicularia
Lousewort Dasystoma.
Pedicularis, Canadensis.
Lousewort.
Melampyrum, pratense
Cow Wheat.
VERBENACEAE.
Verbena, hastata
Vervain, Simpler's Joy.
v ....... urticifolia.
Nettle-leaved Vervain.
Phryma, leptostachya ..
Phryma or Lopseed.
LABIATÆE.
Mentha, Canadensis.
Horsemint.
M ....... viridis.
Spearmint.
M .... . .
piperita.
Peppermint.
4
Pyrola, rotundifolia
P
chlorantha.
P
elliptica
May-
--
Gratiola, aurea
. Virginian Hedge Hyssop.
Golden Hedge Hyssop.
Utricularia, vulgaris.
Common Bladderwort.
N
Fraseri
. Gall of the Earth.
26
HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF ALBANY.
LABIATAE.
Isanthus, cæruleus.
Blue Gentian.
Lycopus, sinuatus
Water Hoarhound.
L ....... Virginicus
Bugle Weed.
Monarda, didyma
. Mountain Mint.
M ..
.... fistulosa
Horsemint, Wild Berga-
mot.
Origanum, vulgare
Wild Marjoram.
Hedeoma, pulegioides
. Pennyroyal.
Melissa, officinalis
Balm.
Collinsonia, Canadensis
Stone-root.
Scutellaria, galericulata
Common Scull-cap.
s ......... lateriflora
Mad-dog Scull-cap.
Brunella, vulgaris.
Self-heal. Blue-curls.
Catnip, Catmint.
N ...... Glechoma
Gill-over-the-ground.
Physostegia, Virginiana
Lion's Heart.
Lamium, amplexicaule
Henbit.
Leonurus, Cardiaca
Motherwort.
Stachys, aspera
. Hedge Nettle.
Marrubium, vulgare.
Hoarhound.
C.
Trichostema, dichotomum
Blue-curls.
Teucrium, Canadense
. Wild Germander.
BORRAGINACEAE.
Echium, vulgare.
. Viper's Bugloss.
A.
blitoides.
Low Amaranth.
Symphytum, officinale.
. Comfrey.
Lycopsis, arvensis
.Wild Bugloss.
Onosmodium, Virginianum
. False Gromwell.
Lithospermum, arvense.
.Corn Gromwell.
L. (Batschia), canescens.
Puccoon.
Mertensia, Virginica.
.Virginian Lungwort.
Cynoglossum, officinale.
. Hound's Tongue.
C ..
. Morisoni.
Beggar's Lice.
Echinospermum Lappula.
Burr-seed.
HYDROPHYLLACEAE.
CONVOLVULACEÆE.
Convolvulus, arvense.
Small Bind weed.
C ...
....
... purpurens.
. Common Morning Glory.
Calystegia, spithamæa
Sweet Bindweed.
c ..
. sepium
. Hedge Bindweed.
Cuscuta, Gronovii.
Dodder.
SOLANACEAE.
Datura, Stramonium
Thorn Apple.
Hyoscyamus, niger
. Common Henbane.
Physalis, viscosa.
.Ground Cherry.
Solanum, Dulcamara
. Woody Nightshade.
S.
..... nigrum
. Common Nightshade.
GENTIANACEÆ.
Gentiana, saponaria.
. Soapwort Gentian.
G ...
. quinqueflora
Five-flowered Gentian.
G. ..... crinita
Blue-fringed Gentian.
APOCYNACEA.
Apocynum, adrosaemifolium ...
Doghane.
A ......... cannabinum.
Indian Hemp.
ASCLEPIADACEAE.
Asclepias, Cornuti
Common Silkweed.
Asclepias, phytolaccoides.
Poke-leaved Silkweed.
A ..
incarnata.
Rose-colored Silkweed.
A ..
. quadrifolia.
Four-leaved Silkweed.
A ...
. tuberosa
Butterfly Weed.
A ...
verticillata
Whorl-leaved Silkweed.
A ....
obtusifolia
Obtuse-leaved Silkweed.
OLEACEÆ.
Fraxinus, Americana
White Ash.
F.
sambucifolia.
Black Ash.
F .
. pubescens
Red Ash.
ARISTOLOCHIACEÆE (Apetalæ).
Asarum, Canadense.
. Wild Ginger.
CHENOPODIACEÆ.
Atriplex, Hortensis.
. Garden Orache.
A ...... patula.
Spreading Atriplex.
A ...... rosea.
. Rose Atriplex.
Blitum, capitatum.
Strawberry Blite.
Chenopodium, album.
.Pig Weed.
C
hybridum
Tall Goosefoot.
anthelminticum
. Worm Seed.
C.
Botrys.
Jerusalem Oak.
AMARANTHACEÆE.
Amarantus, albus
.White Amaranth.
P
erectum.
Knot-grass.
P
Hydropiperoides
. Water Pepper.
Persicaria
Lady's Thumb.
Pennsylvanicum
. Pennsylvanian Knot-grass
P
Virginianum
. . Virginian Knot-grass.
P
articulatum
.Jointed Polygonum.
P
sagittatum.
Scratchgrass.
P
Convolvulus
. Knot Bindweed.
P
cilinode
Hairy node Polygonum.
P ..
dumetorum
False Buckwheat.
Rumex, crispus
. Yellow Dock.
R ..
verticillatus
Swamp Dock.
R.
Britannica
British Water Dock.
R ..
obtusifolius
Bitter Dock.
R ..
Acetosella
Field Sorrel, Horse Sorrel.
PHYTOLACCACEÆ.
Phytolacca,.decandra
. Poke, Garget Weed.
LAURACEAE.
Benzoin, Lindera
.Fever Bush, Spice Wood.
Sassafras, officinale
.Sassafras.
SANTALACEA.
Comandra, umbellata.
Bastard Toadflax.
Nyssa, multiflora
Pepperidge.
THYMELACÆ.
Dirca, palustris
Leather-wood.
ULMACEÆE.
Ulmus, Americana
American Elm, White
Elm.
U ..
.. fulva
Slippery or Red Elm.
A
. retroflexus
. Pigweed.
A ..
. ..
viridis.
.Green Amaranth.
POLYGONACEÆ.
Polygonum, aviculare
.Knot-grass.
Hydrophyllum, Virginicum
. Virginian Water-leaf.
P
arifolium
. Hastate Knot-grass.
Galeopsis, Tetrahit.
Hemp Nettle.
Nepeta, cataria.
27
BOTANY.
EUPHORBIACEA.
Euphorbia, Corollata
Flowering Spurge.
E.
Cyparissias
.Cypress Spurge.
E.
Lathyrus
. Caper Spurge.
E.
hypericifolia
. Eye-bright.
E
maculata
.Spotted Spurge.
Acalypha, Virginica
.Three-seeded Mercury.
PLATANACEÆE.
Platanus, occidentalis.
Button Wood, Sycamore.
URTICACEÆE.
Morus, rubra
. Red Mulberry.
Laportea, Canadensis
Wood Nettle.
Pilea, pumila
Richweed, Stingless Net-
tle.
Urtica, dioica
Stinging Nettle.
U ..... urens
. Burning or Dwarf Nettle.
Boehmeria, cylindrica
False Nettle.
Humulus, Lnpulus.
Common Hop.
Parietaria, Pennsylvanica
Pellitory.
JUGLANDACEÆE.
Juglans, cinerea
Butternut.
J ....... nigra
Black Walnut.
Carya, alba
Shag-bark Hickory.
C ..... tomentosa
.Mockernut Hickory.
C ..... porcina.
Hog Walnut.
C ..... amara
Bitternut Hickory.
CUPULIFERÆ.
Quercus, alba
. White Oak.
Q.
.. macrocarpa
Bur Oak.
Q.
. . Prinus
.Swamp Chestnut Oak.
Q.
.. bicolor
. Swamp White Oak.
Q ..
montana
Rock Oak,
Q.
rubra
Red Oak.
Q.
coccinea
.Scarlet Oak.
Q ..
tinctoria
Black Oak.
Q ....
.. ilicifolia
Scrub Oak.
Q ...... prinoides
Chinquepin Oak.
Castanea, vesca
.. Chestnut.
Fagus, ferruginea Beech.
Corylus, Americana
Hazel.
C ...... rostrata
. Beaked Hazel .
Ostrya, Virginica
Iron Wood.
Carpinus, Americana
Hornbeam. Water Beech.
BETULACEÆE.
Betula, lenta Black Birch.
B
. .. Intea
Yellow Birch.
B ..... populifolia
White Birch.
B .. . . papyracea
Canoe Birch.
Alnus, incana
. Common Alder.
A .... serrulata.
Smooth Alder.
MYRICACEÆE.
Comptonia, asplenifolia .. ..... .Sweet Fern.
SALICACEÆE.
Salix, discolor
Bog Willow.
S .... petiolaris Petioled Willow.
S .... Sericea
Silky Willow.
S .... viminalis
Basket Osier.
S .... purpurea
Purple Willow.
Salix, cordata.
Heart-leaved Willow.
S .... longifolia
. Long-leaved Willow.
S .... lucida
. Shining Willow.
S .... nigra.
Black Willow.
S .... alba
White Willow.
S .... myrtilloides
S .... humilis.
Low Willow.
S .... tristis
Dwarf Gray Willow.
S .... livida
Livid Willow.
Populus, tremuloides.
American Aspen, White
Poplar.
P
grandidentata
.Large-toothed Aspen.
P
dilatata
Lombardy Poplar.
P
monilifera
.Necklace Poplar.
P
Candicans.
Balm-of-Gilead.
CONIFERÆE.
Pinus, resinosa
Norway or Red Pine.
P .... rigida
Pitch Pine.
P .... Strobus
. White Pine.
Abies, Canadensis
Hemlock.
Larix, Americana
American Larch.
Thuja, occidentalis.
Arbor Vitæ.
Juniperus, communis
Common Juniper.
J ..
Virginiana
Red Cedar.
Taxus, Canadensis
Dwarf Yew.
ARACEÆE.
Arisæma, triphyllum
.Jack-in-the-Pulpit.
A ...... dracontium
.Green Dragon.
Peltandra, Virginica.
Arrow Arum.
Calla, palustris.
Wild Calla.
Acorus, Calamus.
Sweet Flag.
Symplocarpus, fœtidus.
.Skunk Cabbage.
TYPHACEA.
Typha, latifolia.
.Cat-tail, Reed Mace.
Sparganium, eurycarpum.
Bur Reed.
NAIADACEAE.
Zannichellia, palustris.
Horn Pondweed.
Potamogeton, Claytoni.
Clayton's Pondweed.
P.
hybridns.
Pondweed.
P.
Incens
.Shining Pondweed.
P.
amplifolius
Large-leaved Pondweed.
P.
pusillus
.Small Pondweed.
ALISMACEÆE.
Alisma, Plantago
Water Plantain.
Sagittaria, variabilis.
Arrowhead.
S.
pusilla.
Puny Arrowhead.
S ..
heterophylla.
. Various-leaved Arrow-
head.
HYDROCHARIDACEAE.
Anacharis, Canadensis
Waterweed.
Vallisneria, spiralis.
Eel Grass.
ORCHIDACEAE.
Microstylis, ophioglossoides
Adder's Mouth.
Liparis, liliifolia
Tway-blade.
Corallorhiza, odontorhiza
Coral Root.
C ......
.. multiflora
.Many-flowered Coral
Root.
Orchis, spectabilis
Showy Orchis.
O ..... psycodes.
Purple Fringed Orchis.
Myrtle Willow.
28
HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF ALBANY.
ORCHIDACEÆ.
Platanthera, lacera. Ragged Orchis.
P.
Hookeri.
.Hooker's Orchis.
Arethusa, bulbosa
.Bulbous Arethusa.
Pogonia, ophioglossoides.
Pogonia.
Calopogon, pulchellus
.Grass Pink.
Spiranthes, gracilis
Ladies' Tresses.
Goodyera, pubescens Rattlesnake Plantain.
G. repens Small Rattlesnake Plan- tain.
Listera, cordata Tway-blade.
Cypripedium, acaule.
Purple Lady's Slipper.
C., ... parviflorum
Yellow Lady's Slipper.
C ..
. spectabil
. Showy Lady's Slipper.
COMMELYNACEÆE.
Tradescantia, Virginica Spider Wort.
XYRIDACEAE.
Xyris, Caroliniana Yellow-eyed Grass.
AMARYLLIDACEAE.
Hypoxys, erecta.
. Star-grass.
IRIDACEAE.
Iris, versicolor. Blue Flag.
Sisyrinchium, anceps Blue-eyed grass.
SMILACEÆE.
Smilax, rotundifolia. .Greenbrier.
S ...... herbacea Carrion Flower.
TRILLIACEÆE.
Trillium, cernuum. Nodding-flowered Trill-
ium.
T. .. erythrocarpum . Smiling Wake-robin.
T.
erectum.
. Bath Flower Purple Trill-
ium.
T .. ... grandiflorum . Large White Trillium.
Medeola, virginica.
.Cucumber Root.
LILIACEAE.
Lilium, Canadense Yellow Lily.
L .....
superhu
Turk's Cap.
L ...... Philadelphicum Field Lily.
Erythronium, Americanum . Yellow Erythronium. E. albidum. . White Erythronium.
Allium, tricoccum.
Lance-leaved Garlic.
A ..... Canadense Canadian Garlic.
A ..... vineale.
.Crow Garlic.
Smilacina, bifolia
Two-leaved
Seal
Solomon's
S. trifolia. . Three-leaved Solomon's Seal.
S stellata .Star Solomon's Seal.
S ..
racemosa.
Clustered Solomon's Seal.
Clintonia, borealis .Wild Lily of the Valley.
Polygonatum, biflorum
Smaller Solomon's Seal.
P. . giganteum .Giant Solomon's Seal.
Uvularia, sessilifolia . Bellwort, Wild Oats.
U. .. perfoliata .Mealy Bellwort.
U ....... grandiflora Large-flowered Bellwort.
Streptopus, roseus. Rose Twist-foot.
PONTEDERIACEAE.
Pontederia, cordata
Pickerel Weed.
MELANTHACEA.
Melanthium, Virginicum
Bunchflower.
Veratrum, viride.
. White Hellebore.
The class of plants known as Cyperacec, or Sedges, are well represented in the county, but as they are in general little used for food or in the arts, no special notice or arrangement of the differ- ent species will be given. Their coarse herbage is often eaten by cattle, yet they are quite destitute of the sweet and nutritious properties of the grasses. Of so little value, apparently, their abundance seems to authorize the belief that they subserve some important purpose in the economy of nature. The sedges grow in almost all localities, but are more common in the meadows, marshes and swamps.
The Graminec or Grasses, are universally dif- fused, having no other limits than those that bound vegetation in general. But the species and their characteristics are widely different as affected by climate and cultivation. This family of plants contribute more to the sustenance of man and beast than all others combined. Their sweet and nutritious properties reside both in the farinaceous albumen of the seed and in the herbage. To this order belong the several kinds of grain and grass that are cultivated in the county. The stems of many grasses contain sugar in variable quantities.
The grains usually cultivated are Triticum sativum, Winter wheat ; T. æstivum, Spring wheat ; T. compositum, Egyptian wheat ; Secale cereale, Rye ; Hordeum vulgare, Barley; H. distichum, Two-rowed barley; Avena sativa, Common oat ; with the varieties Black and Horse-mane oats ; Zea Mays, Maize or Indian corn ; Sorghum saccharatum, Broom corn.
The most important of the cultivated grasses are Phleum pratense, Timothy ; several species of Poa, Spear grass, Rough meadow grass, Blue grass, Meadow red-top, Dactylis glomerata, Orchard grass; Agrostis, Red-top, White-top, Bent-grass, and some others. The genus Festuca gives Slender fescue, Tall fescue, Meadow fescue, and Hard fescue grass. Other common grasses are Hair grass, Red or Blue-joint, Fox-tail, Finger grass, Wild timothy, Seneca or Sweet Vernal grass, and Chess or cheat.
Filices or Ferns are a large and interesting order of flowerless plants-admired for their elegant, graceful and plume-like foliage and distinguished by their remarkable method of reproduction, the organs of which, examined with the aid of a good lens, cannot fail to interest the student. Their
29
NATURAL HISTORY.
locality is scarcely limited by geographical lines. The more common species grow upon hard moun- tain soil and in swamps or moist woods. Their economic uses are limited, so far as now known, to their medicinal properties. They are much sought and cultivated for ornament.
Polypodium vulgare, Common polypod ; P. Phe- gopteris, Triangular polypod, Aspidium acrostich- öides, Christmas fern ; A. Thelypteris, Marsh shield fern ; A. marginale, Marginal shield fern ; A. dilatatum, Broad shield fern ; Asplenium ebeneum, Ebony spleenwort ; A. Trichomanes Dwarf spleen- wort A. Angustifolium, Narrow-leaved spleen- wort ; A. Ruta-muraria, Wall-rue spleenwort ; A. Filix-fomina, Lady fern; Woodsia Ilvensis, Rusty Woodsia, Pteris aquilina, Common brake ; P. atropurpurea, Rock brake ; Adiantum pedatum, Maidenhair ; Dicksonia pilosiuscula, Finc-haired mountain fern; Osmunda cinnamomea, Cinna- mon - colored fern ; O. regalis, Royal-flowering fern ; Cystopteris bulbifera Bulb-bearing Cystopteris ; C. fragilis, Brittle fern ; Onoclea sensibilis, Sensitive fern-are among the ferns found in Albany County.
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