History of Chautauqua County, New York, Part 109

Author: Edson, Obed, 1832-; Merrill, Georgia Drew, editor
Publication date: 1894
Publisher: Boston, Mass. : W.A. Fergusson
Number of Pages: 1068

USA > New York > Chautauqua County > History of Chautauqua County, New York > Part 109

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located on the northeast part of lot 16, and three years later built the first gristmill in the town. He fashioned the stones obtained from a neighboring quarry, using bleached factory cloth for the bolt, bringing the water to his mill through logs hewn for the purpose.

In 1818 Abner Bates settled on lots 48 and 50, Reuben Penhollow on lot 39, and Charles Thatcher on lot 64 ; the two former came from Massachusetts. In 1819 Ebenezer Green of Pittsfield, Mass., arrived after a journey of 30 days with an ox team and settled on lot 20, erecting the first cabin on the site of the present village of Ellington, and the same year made maple sugar on the site now used for the village park. In the years 1820-1 Rolli Rublee set- tled on lot 12, Harwood Boyden on lot 21, and Hiram Putman on lot 4. In 1822 the population was increased ; among the new settlers were Enos Bush lot I, Samuel Newton lot 46, Gardner Bentley and Benjamin Carr lot 16, James Leach lot 18, Amos Leach lot 11, Benjamin Livermore lot 1, Henry Abbey lot 32, Nathan Brown lot 37, David Gates lot II, Henry Day lot 24, Seymour Saxton lot 18, Jeremiah West and John Leach lot 10, Z. I. Bemus lot 1, Ira Gates lot 13, and others. For several years following settlements were made in all parts of the town, but were generally on the line of the "old Chautauqua road " and along what is known as the county line road following the Conewango valley. Few settled in the Clear creek valley below the present village by reason of its being reserved. The first settlers were largely Vermont and Massachusetts people, who, in most every instance, drove through with ox teams bringing with them all their earthly posses- sions. To build up a home in the forest might have had its charms, but few at this day realize its toils and privations.

EARLY INDUSTRIES .- The first need of the early settler was a shelter for his family and something to eat and wear. To supply the first, Simon Law- rence as early as 1820 built the first sawmill, which was located on the bank of Clear creek on lot 30, and about the same time Ward King constructed the first gristmill, called in those days " Corn Cracker." Later, Elisha and Levi Beardsley built on Clear creek on lot 29, about one mile east of Law- rence's sawmill, another gristmill, and subsequently another was built on the same stream near Simon Lawrence's, by Henry Wheeler. Sawmills were afterwards built by Benj. Vail, John Stafford, Ira Day, A. Porter and Jonathan Slater, at different points in the town. In 1828 Elijah and Elliot Mason built and operated the first tannery, which subsequently became the property of Philip M. Smith, who conducted the business for several years. This was located near Clear Creek village. The next tannery was built a little later by Sethi Hussey near Beardsley's gristmill in the village. This was subsequently operated by R. W. Gates, Lewis Leet and Harvey Nye. Enoch Jenkins also built a tannery in the village in 1830 which lie managed for several years. About the latter date Lockwood & Co., started a cloth-

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HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY, N. Y.

dressing establishment on Clear creek a little west of the village which later became the property of Alvah Bates and Joseph B. Nessell, who removed the business to the lower part of the village, and for many years followed wool- carding and cloth-dressing. The first store seems to have been established by Camp, Colvill & Holbrook in the loghouse erected by Joshua Bentley, and used by him for a hotel. This was near the site of "Old's Corners," now Conewango Valley, on lot 7 on the "old Chautauqua road." Not long afterwards Ruggles & Ingersoll opened a store at the village of Clear Creek. The first store in Ellington village was started by Benj. Vail of Genesee county, and conducted by Elisha and Levi Beardsley, who were succeeded about the year 1830 by George J. Phippany, from Genesee county, N. Y. The first tavern was kept by Joshua Bentley, the next by James Bates in the northeast part of the town. He was succeeded in the same place by Alam- anson Hadley and Henry McConnell. Benj. Follet, who settled on lot 40, also kept tavern and was succeeded by Widow French. Jeremiah Baldwin kept the first tavern in the village in 1828 in a log house. A tavern was also kept at Clear Creek by Stephen Nichols about the year 1826, in a frame house built by him for that purpose. The same year David Clark opened a blacksmith shop at Clear Creek. He was the first blacksmith in town.

Ellington was taken from Gerry April 1, 1824, and the first townmeeting for the election of officers was held in the north part of the town at the dwell- ing house of Lucretia French, March 1, 1825. The officers elected were : Supervisor, James Thatcher ; town clerk, C. H. Nicholson ; assessors, Robert James, Jr., Jolin Leach, Charles Thatcher ; overseers of the poor, Alamanson Hadley, Reuben Penhollow, Ward King; com'rs. of highway, Robert James, Ira L. Gates, Henry McConnell ; constables, Geo. H. Frost, Alamanson Hadley, Benj. Livermore ; com'rs. of schools, David C. Spear, Cornelius H. Nicholson, Parley Eaton ; inspectors of schools, C. H. Nicholson, David C. Spear, Parley Eaton ; sealer, John P. Hadley ; pound keepers, Benj. Ellsworth, Montgomery Evans, Nathan Brown ; fence viewers, Daniel C. Green, Nathan Brown, Reuben Penhollow.

SUPERVISORS .- James Thatcher, 1825 ; Cornelius H. Nicholson, 1826-27 ; James Carr, 1828-29 ; Gideon Evans, 1830; John Woodward, Jr., 1831-34- 38-40 ; Benj. Barnard, 1835-36-37 ; George J. Phippany, 1841-42-43-47 ; Janis B. Reed, 1844-45-46 ; Jolin F. Farman, 1848-49-50-51-52-53-58-59-60 ; Mason D. Hatch, 1855 ; Chas. B. Green, 1856-57-61 ; Jolin Farman, 1862-63 ; Samuel Griffith, 1864-65-72-73 ; George Waith, 1866-67 ; Philip M. Smith, 1868-69 ; Carey Briggs, 1870-71 ; Theo. A. Case, 1874-75-84-86-87-88 ; Olvin Putnam, 1876-77-78-79-80-81 ; Austin H. Stafford, 1882-83 ; Ernest F. Row- ley, 1889-90 ; Sardius Frisbee, 1891-92-93-94.

John Woodward, Jr., was elected member of assembly from the second assembly district of Chautauqua county in the year 1835; David H. Tread-

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way in 1848 ; Dr. Jeremiah Ellsworth in 1852-53 ; Charles B. Green in 1858, and Theo. A. Case in 1876-77. Andrew P. White was elected school com- missioner in 1860, Byron Ellsworth county treasurer in 1863, and Austin H. Stafford county clerk in 1885. The first postoffice was established on lot 40 in the north part of the town, in the log house owned by Benj. Follet, on the old Chautauqua road, in the year 1816 or 1817, and Lucretia French was the first postmaster. The post route ran from Ellicottville to Mayville. The first mail was carried through on foot by Samson Crooker and Robert Guy, suspended from a pole carried on their shoulders. The former was the father of the late Hon. Geo. A. S. Crooker of Conewaugo. Later on Sam'l McCon- nell carried the mail on horseback once a week each way. The postoffice was finally removed to the house of Vinal Bates, and subsequently to Elling- ton Center.

For Indian war see page 343.

There are numerous and prosperous enterprises in the town. One of the more important ones is the lumbering business of C. Hidecker & Son. Mr. Hidecker came to this county in 1855 and was long a lumberman in Poland. He then established a plant at Conewango Valley, which now consists of a large steam saw and planing-mill and a well stocked lumber yard. Mr. Hidecker is son of Andrew Hidecker of Windham, Greene county, where he was born November 29, 1831. He married a daughter of Josiah Crumb of Cherry Creek. Their son, Carver, is connected with his father in business. Fred S. Day also owns a sawmill and conducts an extensive business in lum- bering. A steam sawmill was erected recently at Ellington Center by C. J. Main and others. William Clapp has been engaged in lunbering for years.

S. C. Rowley & Son are extensive manufacturers and operators in chieese. They own the cheese factory at Clear Creek, a factory at Daniel Hadley's, one at Kennedy, one at Ellington Center and one at Poland. Their output is a large one and the quality is said to be excellent.

The First Methodist Episcopal Church was formed in 1826 with 50 mem- bers by Rev. John P. Kent, first pastor. A church was built in 1842.

The Freewill Baptist Church was organized in 1829 by Rev. Amos C. Andrus. Among the early members were Julius Dewey, John R. Felt, Joseph Seekins, Adolplius Howard, Jeremiah Baldwin, Comfort Carpenter, Mr. Marsh, Mr. Wheeler and their wives, Daniel Hadley and one Wheeler. Rev. Francis B. Tanner, the first pastor, hield that relation for 20 years. He super- intended the building of the church in 1840.

The Christian Church was formed July 13, 1823, with Ira, Noel C., Clar- issa and Polly Gates, Simon Lawrence, Seth S. Chase (deacon), Freeman

S'TA

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HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY, N. Y.

Walden and Elisha Bearsdley (elders) as early members. Rev. Freeman Wal- den was the first preacher. A church edifice was built in 1833.

The Congregational Church was organized February 4, 1828, by Rev. William J. Wilcox, first pastor, with 10 members : James, Nancy, and Josiah D. Bates, Benjamin and Calista Ellsworth, Israel Carpenter, Aaron Merrill, Lucretia French, Harriet Spear, Polly Landon. Otis Page (deacon), William and Saralı Ware, Daniel and Jane Bush, Timothy Gross, Warren Mansfield, Mrs. A. B. Farman, Elizabeth Altenburg, and Elizabeth Vader, became mein- bers in 1828. A church seating 250 was built in 1842, costing $1,500. It was enlarged in 1872 at a cost of $3,000.

POLAND.

CHAPTER LXXIX.

F OLAND is a southeastern town, and comprises township 2, range 10. It is moderately hilly and is traversed by the Conewango. and Cassa- daga creeks, both large and crooked streams, which unite near the southern boundary. Extensive valleys border these creeks. Kennedy is the principal village. Poland Center and Clark's Corners, formerly known as Mud Creek, are small hamlets. Levant and Waterboro were once small places of some account. The New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio railroad passes through the town in a southwesterly and northieasterly direction. The Buf- falo & Southwestern railroad runs parallel to it the whole distance. The Dunkirk, Alleghany Valley & Pittsburgh railroad crosses the southwestern part of the town. Poland was formed from Ellicott April 9, 1832. The first town-meeting was opened at the house of A. McGlashen and closed at the house of S. R. Gleason on Tuesday, March 5, 1833. Nathaniel Fenton was elected the first supervisor ; Nelson Rowe, town clerk ; Emory F. Warren, Henry M. Connell, Samuel Hitchcock and Melancthon Smith, justices. The population of Poland in 1835, by the next census after it was organized, was 916. In ISSo it had increased to 1,539, and in 1890 to 1,608. Kennedy village in 1890 had a population of 514.

Poland was originally covered by dense pine forests. The original pines were gigantic. Lewis Hall, of Jamestown, tells that a chainman of his Uncle Cheney of Kiantone, an early surveyor, related to him that Mr. Cheney on his way from Kiantone to Kennedy used to stretch his chain each time on a

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fallen pine in Poland that measured 268 feet in length. Mr. Daniel Gris- wold gives these figures of the product of 600 acres on lot 21 in Salamanca as an evidence of the enormous yield of these early forests. This tract aver- aged 5 trees of white pine to the acre and produced over 6,500,000 feet of lumber, while the hemlock made fully twice that quantity, making the aver- age product per acre over 33,000 feet. E. A. Ross, in his paper on early lumbering, says : When we come to make an estimate of the amount of luin- ber made on the Cassadaga and its tributaries you can form some idea of the vast amount of lumber made on the upper Allegany. As I make about 18 mills putting lumber out of the Cassadaga, and allowing 200,000 for the smaller, and 500,000 for the larger, as the annual product of these mills, we have a total of about 5,000,000 feet, which would make 275 to 300 rafts, requiring 550 or 600 men to run them to the mouth of the creek and half that number from there to the Allegany. When all these men were mus- tered into service, and put on their line of march, or drift, it took about all of the resources of the inhabitants along the streams to furnish them with food and lodging.

Dr. Thomas R. Kennedy in 1805 commenced building a mill at Kennedy- ville to manufacture lumber for transportation down the river. This was the first work begun of the settlement of Poland and the southern towns. (See page 177). Dr. Kennedy was a resident of Meadville. He married Jane I., daughter of Andrew Ellicott, and niece of Joseph Ellicott, the general agent of the Holland Land Company, and he consequently stood in close relation- ship to the company. Dr. Kennedy erected a double sawmill at Kennedy- ville, and subsequently, in a leanto addition, a gristmill with one run of stone made of common rock. The undertaking required considerable finan- cial ability and much enterprise to send a force of men into the depths of the unbroken forest, and to furnish supplies for his workmen and material for his mill. These he was compelled to transport up the Allegany and Cone- wango in keelboats. In the letters from Dr. Kennedy to Joseph Ellicott while prosecuting this work are contained many interesting particulars of this early enterprise, and of the operations occurring in this remote region. August 3, 1804, Dr. Kennedy wrote to Mr. Ellicott : " The sawmill on the Conewango branch will be going up this fall. The timber is all prepared for the frame and mill, and the hands will return there in a few days, they having been home to their harvesting. We have been looking for you at this place." September 19, 1804, he wrote that his milldam at the Cone- wango will be large and expensive, and is 20 rods long, between 8 and 9 feet high. Under date of November 24, 1805, after mentioning that a mail is established between Amsterdam (Buffalo) and Erie, he says : "It is my inten- tion to say that boats of 25 or 30 tons may be navigated from the state of New York by way of Conewango creek, the Allegany and the Ohio, and then

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HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY, N. Y.

to New Orleans, where, if I am correctly informed, I will find a good market for pine boards at $25 and $30 per M."

Dr. Kennedy refers also in this letter to measures contemplated to render the shipping of salt practicable over the Conewango and the outlet of Chau- tauqua lake. These are among the earliest suggestions relating to the trans- portation of salt through the county. "There are two men at this place who are largely engaged in the salt trade. I have mentioned to them the route through the Chautauqua outlet and the east branch of the Conewango. They are anxious to know whether you will aid in clearing the navigation of one or both these streams. I was at Chautauqua last summer and thought that $360 or $400 would make the outlet navigable for boats to carry 150 to 200 barrels of salt to the Cassadaga ; from thence there will be no difficulty." He says further that he has "ordered drift wood to be cut on the Conewango. A short distance above my dam dead water commences and continues for two days' paddle in the canoes, possibly up to the Susquehanna road ; from thence to the mouth of the Cattaraugus it is said to be but 16 miles. The price of transporation of a barrel of salt across is $2.50." In a letter dated May 12, 1807, Dr. Kennedy says : "Should you come to my mill I think you would best procure an Indian to conduct you, as you may possible mis- take and take the path to Cassadaga lake. You will be able to reach the mill in less than a day from the mouth of the Cattaraugus creek." Frou Meadville he writes September 29, 1807 : "I have completed a handsome bridge at Conewango, 182 feet long, handsomely framed and of the best material, and a barn 40x32 feet. Work has built a good house 20x30 feet. Lamberton has been surveying. Mr. Work wishes me to inform you that he wishes to commence his location on the northeast side of the outlet, adjoining Wilson, and on the other side as low down as opposite Culbertson, 60 or 100 rods from the mouth of the Cassadaga, which will probably join the lot on which Fenton (Governor Fenton's father) lives, and to extend up that side 6 or 8 lots." While the mills were being built Edward Shillitto and his family resided there and boarded Kennedy's hands. He was the first settler of Poland having a family. The hands were merely transient workmen. Dr. Ken- nedy was never a resident of the town but lived at Meadville until his death in 1813.

Edward Work, between whom and Dr. Kennedy there existed a strong friendship and intimate business relations, superintended the running of much of the first lumber manufactured at this mill. At Pittsburgh the lumber was placed upon flat-bottomed boats, mostly made at Kennedy's mills, and run to New Orleans. The sale of the boards the first year was made by Mr. Work. In 18OS Mr. Work built sawmills on the outlet of Chautauqua lake near the eastern boundary of Poland. When his mill was completed he "ran boards from his mill to New Orleans in the manner he had done from

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Kennedy's mills. A change however had taken place in the navigation of the Mississippi. When his boats arrived at Natchez he added to his lading bales of cotton to the extent of the capacity of his boat, receiving a dollar per bale for freight to New Orleans for that carried under deck, and seventy- five cents for that on deck. The empty boats were sold at New Orleans for lumber for more than their cost. Work furnished boards at his mill for seventy-five cents a hundred feet to finish the log houses of early settlers, and his little gristmill with common rock stones made excellent flour from good grain. When at home he was usually his own miller."

In 1804 Messrs Kennedy and Work purchased of the Holland Land Com- pany land on both sides of the Cassadaga below Dexterville, also a tract of valuable timber land east of the Cassadaga and Levant and along the Kennedy road. In 1808 they made an important improvement in Poland by opening a road from Kennedy's mills to Work's mills, and building the first bridge across the Cassadaga. It was erected about one-fourth of a mile above the present village of Levant. The road thus made extended the most of the way north of the present road to Kennedy and over much more hilly ground. It passed by the former residence of Woodley W. Chandler and crossed Che- ney's brook half a mile north of N. E. Cheney's residence and Eliakim Cros- by's early tavern, and intersected the present road near Kennedy. All of these improvements were made in Poland before any assault was begun npon the forest of pines that stood tall and dense upon the site of Jamestown. Upon the division of the lands owned by Kennedy and Work after their decease, the heirs of Kennedy took the lands lying east of the Cassadaga. The mill property at Kennedy was sold by them in 1831 to Richard P. Mar- vin of Jamestown, and his brother Erastus of Dryden. Erastus came to Ken- nedy and soon their father followed him. In 1832 Erastus and his father died. R. P. Marvin soon sold the plant to Guy C. Irvine* and Robert Fal- coner, who built a gristmill there. It was subsequently rebuilt by Jones & Stilwell. "It next passed into the hands of Seth W. Chandler, who sold it to Daniel Griswold and Win. T. Falconer, who rebuilt it in 1866, and sold it January 1, 1871, to Wellington H. Griffith. It was burned within a year and a new one was erected on the same site by Mr. Griffith."

Robert Falconer, of Sugar Grove, Pa., was the owner of a large tract of land in Poland. His son, W. T. Falconer, was a merchant, lumber dealer and one of the most influential citizens of the town. He was born in Sugar Grove April 1, 1824, and came to Poland about 1850. He was married September 26, 1867, to Miss Jenny Daily of Brocton. He has been supervisor five years. The mills of Kennedy and the lumber business first attracted settlers to

*In a letter to Daniel Griswold, dated at Oshkosh, Wis., November 28, 1993, Hon. Philetus Sawyer, late U. S. senator from Wisconsin, says : "I went there (Kennedyville) in the fall of 1839. I worked in my father's blacksmith shop during the winter, and in the large mill owned by Guy Irvine a while in the spring, and went with the lumber down the river.".

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Poland. Of the early purchases in 1808, Gideon Gilson bought land on lot 51, James Culbertson on lot 58; in 1809 Stephen Hadley bought land on lot 59, and John Owen on lot 57 ; in 1810 John Brown on lot 57, Colt and Marlin or lot 42. These lands were all in the southwest part of Poland. In Octo- ber. 1813, Nathan Lasall bought lands near the center of the town, on lots 37 and 45 at and near Poland Center. In 1814 Aaron Forbes took up land on lot 57, James Hall on lot 54, Ebenezer Cheney on lot 58, and James Herriott on lot 34. The same year Ira Owen bought lands at Clark's Corners, and Ethan Owen near him on lot 21. In 1816 Elias Tracy took up lands on lot 49 and in IS17 lands on lot 41, Nicholas Dolloff on lot 33 and Aaron Taylor on lot 26. Not all of these settled in Poland in the year of their purchase. Aaron Forbes, however, settled on lot 57 in the southwest part of the town, where he resided at his death. Ezra Smith also settled on lot 57. He was born in Burlington, Otsego county, in 1832, married Hannah Peck, of Ellicott, Jan- uary 21, 1839. Mrs. Smith was born September 14, 1810. Asa and Esther Smith, the parents of Ezra Smith, were born in Haddam, Conn. The former died in 1856 ; the latter at the age of 102 years and 4 months. Of Ezra's child- ren were : William, Irwin, Emily, (who became the wife of Samuel Halladay, and after her death, her sister Matilda became his second wife ; Frances, the wife of T. F. VanDusen, of Jamestown ; and Minerva, Mrs. A. D. Hunt. Among the early settlers in the southwest part were Luther Lydell, from Otsego county, who settled about 1830 on lot 59, where he died. Elias Tracy settled on lot 49. His sons were Wayne, Elias and Hatch. Hannah, one of his daughters married William H. Fenton of Dexterville. Joshua Wood- ard, from Otsego county, came about 1816 with his sons, Reuben, Royal, Lewis, Pierce and Hiram. Pierce Woodard was four years supervisor. Ira Kimball was also an early settler who did good work in developing the town. B. B. Kimball is his son.

Horace Hartson settled in the western part of the town, on lot 60 near Levant. He resided with his son William in Poland until his decease. Orsell H., Chancellor and George were sons of William.

For the brick industry of Levant see page 665. Ephraim L. Nickerson who lives between Poland Center and Levant has also manufactured brick with profit.

In the northwestern part of the town Amos Fuller settled upon lot 46. He was the father of Arad and Danforth Fuller. Jeremiah Hotchkiss, about 1830, settled on lot 55. Elihu Gifford settled on lot 55. David Tucker, from Oneida county, early settled on lot 48. He married Miss Montgomery. His daughter, Nancy A., married Isaac Cobb of Gerry. Mr. Tucker was several years supervisor of Poland. He died in Cattaraugus county, July 28, 1894.

In the northern part of the town Eliab Wheelock, from Oneida county, settled on lot 39. He had sons : William, Orrin E. and Horace F. Norton

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B. Bill was a native of New England, came from Genesee county about 1830, and settled on lot 46 and died there. His daughter, Emily, married Harvey Forbes and died in Poland. Malvina married Arad Fuller. Ruth married Darius Wyman. Amos married Artemisia Smith and lived on the home- stead of his father. Julia married Emory Woodard, and Mary, Miles Tracy.

In the central part of the town Charles F. Wolcott settled on lot 37. Ebenezer Cheney came to Poland about 1830 and settled on lot thirty-seven. His son, Nelson E., married Hannah Merrill of Carroll. Of their children Emory was a physician. Nelson also was educated as a physician. Newell was a captain in the 9th cavalry and served three years in the late war. He has been supervisor of Poland two years and in 1886 was member of assem- bly for the second assembly district of Chautauqua county. Addison H. Phillips settled on lot 28.

In the eastern part of the town Amasa Ives, from Madison county, settled on lot 3. Obediah Jenks, from Essex county, settled on lot 20. A sawmill was built at Mud Creek, now Clark's Corners, by Isaac Young about 1820, and afterward sold by him to Daniel Wheeler and by him to Henry N. Hunt and by Hunt to Albert Russell and afterward discontinued. Joseph Clark, a well known early settler, for many years kept a tavern near this sawmill on Mud creek. John Miller, about 1831, settled on lot 5. Henry Nelson Hunt was born in Rutland county, Vermont, March 5, 1808, and was the son of Elnathan Hunt and Sybil Lincoln. His father moved to Genesee county when Henry was but three years old, and died there at the age of seventy- three. In 1835 Henry Hunt married Cynthia, the daughter of Amasa Ives, and soon after moved to Poland. Mrs. Hunt died June 12, 1856. Their children were: Edwin R., who served his country during the late war and died in 1888; Celia (Mrs. Joseph L. Clark), resides at Cherry Creek ; Evring- ton ; Lucretia (Mrs. Joel B. Clark) ; Henry Alton ; Coralin (Mis. David J. Clark); Cynthia (Mrs. Clarence Shulters), resides in Poland ; and Charles. January 11, 1857, H. N. Hunt married Harriet A., daughter of Chester Cro- foot. Their children are Alva N., who died October 22, 1889, aged thirty ; Herbert L., is a practicing attorney in Jamestown ; H. Francis Hunt the youngest resides in Poland. H. N. Hunt was engaged extensively in the lumber business for a number of years, but has applied his attention to farm- ing during the last twenty years. He served as supervisor of the town two terms, and held the office of justice of the peace for a number of terms.

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History of Chautauqua County, New York, Part 109

Author: Edson, Obed, 1832-; Merrill, Georgia Drew, editor Publication date: 1894 Publisher: Boston, Mass. : W.A. Fergusson Number of Pages: 1068

Author: Edson, Obed, 1832-; Merrill, Georgia Drew, editor
Publication date: 1894
Publisher: Boston, Mass. : W.A. Fergusson
Number of Pages: 1068