History of Westchester county : New York, including Morrisania, Kings Bridge, and West Farms, which have been annexed to New York City, Vol. I, Part 189

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898, ed
Publication date: 1886
Publisher: Philadelphia : L.E. Preston & Co.
Number of Pages: 1354

USA > New York > Westchester County > History of Westchester county : New York, including Morrisania, Kings Bridge, and West Farms, which have been annexed to New York City, Vol. I > Part 189

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

4 The following account of the movement is condensed from lleath's and contemporary British reports.

5 Now and for nearly a century past the Varian homestead, an ancient stone house on the northerly side of the road.

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HISTORY OF WESTCHESTER COUNTY.

outguards aud pickets running to the fort, leaving arms, blankets, provisions, tools, etc., behind. Those fleeing from Valentine's and the Negro Fort were fired on and one captured. The American left and centre were then moved into the hollow between Valentine's and Fort Independence, and the surren- der of the latter was demanded and refused. The garrison consisted of a body of Hessians and Colonel Rogers' rangers. Heath sent a detachment with two field-pieces southward to the brow of the hill over_ looking the Free Bridge, 1 and opened fire on a bat. talion of Hessians drawn up across the Harlem, back of Hyatt's tavern. The enemy settled down as the shot passed them, and one piece being moved lower down, they retired rapidly behind their redoubt, 2 receiving a shot as they were turning the point. The enemy now opened on Heath's artillerymen from guns he had not suspected to be in the redoubt, and the men hastily drew their picces back, receiving sev- eral shots before they reached the top of the hill.

The success of this movement on the British ont- posts flew through the country and was magnified into the reduction and capture of Fort Independeuce aud its garrison. Washington communicated this report to Congress before receiving official accounts, causing a double disappointment when the facts were known, The Tory press in New York City reported it as an attack on Fort Independence by a large body of rebels, who were " bravely repulsed."

On the 19th the enemy opened fire from the fort, and killed one American. Heath determined to cut off the British battalion at Hyatt's by passing one thousand men over Spuyten Duyvil Crcek on the ice. It was very cold. The men were detached and gath- ered at Spuyten Duyvil Ridge for the attack, but before morning the weather had so moderated that it was deemed too hazardous to make the attempt. There was cannonading on both sides on the 20th, and the enemy on the island were thrown into much confusion. Heath observing that the enemy, when fired at across the Harlem, found shelter behind the hill at Hyatt's, had a field-piece hauled up to the brow of Tippett's Hill, and opened fire on both their front and rear on the afternoon of the 21st. Some of the enemy found shelter in their redoubt, others under the banks; some lay flat on the ground and some betook themselves to the cellars, so that pres- ently there was no object for the gunners. A smart skirmish occurred at Fort Independence on the 22d. To keep up the appearance of serious designs upon the fort, Heath ordered fascincs, etc., to be made, and sent for a brass twenty-four pounder and a howitzer from New Castle. Another skirmish took place near the south side of the fort on the 23d, just before dusk, in which the Americans had an ensign and private

killed, and five men wounded. On the 24th a severe storm began ; . Lincoln's division had to quit their huts in the woods back of Colonel Van Cort- landt's, and move back, some even to Dobbs Ferry, to find shelter. A freshet iu the Bronx caused the water to run over Williams' bridge. Early on the 25th, the enemy sallied from Fort Iudependence towards De Lancey's Mills, surprised and routed the guard, wounding several and causing a regiment to quit its quarters. By British accounts they also took one piece of canuon. About teu o'clock they made a sally out the Boston road in force, drove the guards from Negro Fort and Valentine's house, and pushed on so impetuously, keeping up a brisk fire, that the retreating guards threw themselves into the old American redoubt 3 overlooking Williams' bridge. The enemy thereupon lined a strong stone wall a few rods distant to the southwest. Two regiments of militia were at once formed in the road near Wil- liams' house, across the Bronx, and were sent by Gcn- eral Heath, in support of Captain Bryant with his piece, across the submerged bridge. When nearly up the hill on the Boston road, Bryant unlimbered to prevent his horses being shot, and the men took the drag-ropes ; but the steepuess of the ascent required the dragging of the piece almost within pistol-shot before it could be depressed enough to bear on the enemy. Its first shot opened a breach in the wall four or five feet wide, the next made another opening, whereupon the enemy fled back to Fort In- dependence with the greatest precipitation. The Americans had two killed and a number wounded. On the 27th the brass twenty-four pounder aud the howitzer arrived and opened on the fort. The former sprung her carriage after the third discharge. There were no live shells for the howitzer. No regular cannonade of the fort was, iu fact, ever contemplated. Attempts were made to draw the euemy out of the fort. A detachment was sent to Morrisania to light numerous fires at night ; and, to induce the enemy to suppose the Americans were collecting there with designs of crossing to New York at or near Harlem, large boats were brought forward on carriages. The British garrison on Montressor's (Randall's) Island, alarmed at this, set fire to the buildings and fled to New York. ' A brigade of the cnemy moved up to Fort Washington and a detachment was sent for from Rhode Island.

On the 29th a severe snow-storm came on. Gens. Lincoln, Wooster, Scott and Tenbroeck were unani- mous that the troops ought to move back where they could be protected from the inclement weather, espe- cially as they had no artillery with which to take the

1 Probably to a point on the old Tetard farm, now Claflin's land.

2 The fort on the hill at northerly end of Manhattan Island, over- looking the King's and Free Bridges,-originally built by Americans and called by the British " Fort Prince Charles."

3 This old Revolutionary work may still be traced on the hill north. west from the bridge. It is semicircular in form and was laid out by Heath in the fall of 1776.

+ By Tory accounts the "rebels" went over to Montressor's Island and "burnt Colonel Montressor's house to the ground, and ravaged what- ever they could meet with " ou this occasion.

RESIDENCE OF N. P. BAILEY, FORDHAM-ON-HARLEM, N Y.

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KING'S BRIDGE.

fort, and were opposed to any idea of assault or storm with militia. Accordingly, after dusk, the American forces retired northward and eastward in good order to their former stations, and the siege of Fort Indepen- dence was abandoned. The boldness of these opera- tions, by raw militia, and for so long a period, in face of the strong force of British and German veterans in New York, speak volumes for the spirit of our grandsires iu their determined contest for indepen- dence.

THE MASSACRE OF THE STOCKBRIDGE INDIANS .-- During the summer of 1778 the British light troops, which were encamped about King's Bridge, had fre- quent skirmishes with the American light troops on the highways and by-roads of the old Yonkers.

On the 20th of August, wheu patrolling out the old "Mile Square Road," Lieutenant-Colonel Emmerick was attacked aud compelled to return to his camp at King's Bridge. A few days later a small body of American light troops and Indians, under Colonel Gist, which had taken part in this encounter, was posted in several detachments on the heights com- manding the old road, one body on each side of the road, just north of its crossing over a small stream be- yond the present Woodlawn Heights, and a third about three hundred yards west of the road, on Devoe's farm, opposite to Woodlawn Heights. Between the last party aud the road were scattered about sixty Stockbridge Indians, uuder their chief, Nimham, who had been in England. Lieutenant-colonel Simcoe, of the Queen's Rangers, learned, through his spies, that the Indians were highly elated at Emmerick's retreat and supposed that they had driveu the whole force of light troops at King's Bridge. He took measures to increase this belief and meantime planned to ambus- cade and capture their whole force. His idea was, as the enemy came down the "Mile Square Road," to advance past his flanks. This movement would be perfectly concealed by the fall of the ground to the right (i.e., down the slope in Woodlawn Heights, to- wards the stream at Second Street) aud by the woods on the left (i.e., Van Cortlandt's woods, borderiug the road and "Lover's Lane," extending north from the road opposite Fourth Street).

Ou the morning of August 31st the Queen's Ran- gers, under Simcoe, the chasseurs, under Emmerick, and De Lancey's Second Battalion and the Legiou Dra- goons, under Lieutenant-colonel Tarleton, marched out the "Mile Square Road," reaching the present Woodlawn Heights about ten o'clock. The rangers and dragoons were posted on the right (east of Second Street and about opposite to First Avenue). Emmer- ick's instructions were to take a position on the left, in Van Cortlandt's woods, near Frederick Devoe's house, half a mile up the lane. By mistake he took post in the woods near Daniel Devoe's house, which stood on the "Mile Square Road," near the entrance to the lanc, and sent a patrol forward on the road. Before Simcoe, who was half-way up a tree reconnoit-

ering, eould stop this movement, he saw a flanking party of Americaus approach and heard a smart firing by the Indians who had lined the fences alongside the road on Emmerick's left.

The rangers under Simcoe moved rapidly up the stream to gain the heights (Husted's), which were occupied by the Americans under Gist and Stewart, and the cavalry under Tarleton advanced directly up the hill to where Emincrick was engaged (between Third and Fourth Avenues). Being unable to pass the fences bordering the road, Tarleton made a cir- cuit to return on the right (coming to the road again about Fifth Avenue). Simcoe, hearing of Tarleton's difficulty, left the remainder of his corps under Major Ross, and breaking from the rangers with the grena- dier company, arrived unperceived (about opposite the end of Sixth Avenue) close upon the left flank of the Indians, who were intent upon the attack of Em- merick and Tarleton. With a yell the Indians fired on the grenadier company, wounding Simcoe and four of his men ; but being outnumbered and flanked, the Iudians were driveu from the fences into the open fields of Daniel Devoe, north of the road. Tar- leton and Emmeriek then got among them with the cavalry. The Indians fought most gallantly, pulling several of the cavalry from their horses ; but over- powered by the superior force of the enemy, they had to flee. They were swiftly pursued up over the fields, across the lane, down through Van Cortlandt's woods, over Tippett's Brook into the woods on the ridge he- yond, where a few survivors found concealment aulong the rocks and bushes, and thus escaped. Nearly forty were killed or desperately wounded, in- cluding the old chief Nimham and his son. The former called out to his people to fly, "that he was old and would die there." He wounded Simcoe and was killed by Wright, his orderly hussar. Tarleton had a narrow escape iu the pursuit down the ridge. In striking at an Indian he lost his balance and fell from his horse, but luckily for him the Indian had no bayonet and had discharged his musket. During the pursuit Simcoe joined the battaliou of rangers, seized the heights (Husted's) and captured a captain and several men of the American light troops, but the main body escaped. The bodies of many of the Indians were buried in a small clearing in Van Cort- landt's woods, sinee known as the " Indian Field."

In July, 1781, Washington came in force to at- tempt a surprise of the British posts at King's Bridge, expressly to cut off' De Lancey's and other light corps ; but without success. Later in the month, accompanied by De Rochambeau, he moved a force of five thousand men down to the heights beyond King's Bridge and reconnoitered the northerly part of Man- hattan island from Tippett's and Tetard's Hills and Fordham Heights. In September a British force of five thousand men moved out across the bridge to Valentine's Hill, as an escort to the young Prince William Henry. After the bitterly cold winter of

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HISTORY OF WESTCHESTER COUNTY.

1782-83 the British troops were withdrawn from the Yonkers and King's Bridge. The inhabitants began to return to their desolate homes, while the Loyalists crowded into the city. In November, Washington came once more down the old post road, spent the night of the 12th at the Van Cortlandt house, and the next day, amid the acclamations of the people, rode victorious across King's Bridge, over which he had retreated seven years before.

POLITICAL HISTORY .- The area under considera- tion was part of the fief of Colen-douck from 1652 to 1664. After the English conquest in the latter year it belonged to the North Riding of Yorkshire until the erection of Westchester County under the act of October 1, 1691. It was afterwards knowu as the Yonkers Precinct (except the parts included in the Manor of Phillipsburgh after the erection of the latter, in 1693). By the act of June 19, 1703, the towns, manors, etc., were authorized to choose super- visors, and each inhabitant of any precinct, being a freeholder, was allowed "to join his vote with the next adjacent town." The freeholders of the Yonkers probably voted for a supervisor with the freeholders of East Chester. They chose their own local officers for the precinct, of whom the following "Collectors for the Yonkers " are known : William Jones, 1708- 10; John Barrett, 1713-14; John Heading [Had- den], 1715-16; Mr. George Tippett, 1717; Mr. Joseph Taylor, 1718; Matthias Valentine, 1719; Joseph Hadley, 1720; Moses Taylor, 1721-23; William Jones, 1724 ; Moses Taylor, 1725; Thomas Sherwood, 1726 ; Moses Taylor, 1727; Thomas Rich, 1728; Ed- ward Smith, 1729-30; Charles Vincent, 1731-32; Jacob Ryder, 1733-34; Joseph Taylor, 1736.

By the act of November 1, 1722, "to increase the num- ber of supervisors for Westchester County," the inhabit- ants of each precinct having not lessthan twenty inhab- itants were allowed to choose their own supervisor. The Yonkers was no doubt represented in the board by its own member thereafter ; but by reason of the loss of the records of the precinct and of the board before 1772 their names are not known. On the first Tuesday in April, 1756, the freeholders and inhabit- ants of the Yonkers and Mile Square1 hield a public town-meeting at the house of Edward Stevenson, in the Yonkers, and chose James Corton (Coerten ?) supervisor and pounder : Benjamin Fowler, town clerk; Thomas Sherwood, constable and collector; David Oakley and William Warner, assessors; Ed- ward Weeks, Win. Crawford, Danicl Devoe, John Ryder, Isaac Odell and Hendrick Post, highway masters ; Andrew Nodine, Charles Warner, Moses Tailer and Isaac Odell, fence and damage viewers.2

1 It is probable that the Yonkers and Mile Square constituted one pre- cinct under the name of the former. The Manor of Phillipsburglı sur- rounded Mile Square on three sides, and also separated it from the Yon- kers. The inhabitants of the manor dwelling upon the old Mile Square road, betweeu Yonkers and Mile Square, were sometimes described as "of the Yonkers in Phillipsburgh."

2 Bolton's " Westchester County." The author must have seen the

Commissioners of highways in 1770 : James Van Cortlandt aud Benjamin Fowler.

Supervisors for the Yonkers: Colonel James Van Cortlaudt, 1772-76 ; (nonc during the British occupa- tion); Isracl Honeywell, 1784; William Hadley, 1786-87 ; David Hunt, 1787.

Constables : Jeremiah Sherwood, 1773; Henry Odell, 1775; Thomas Sherwood, 1784.

By act of March 7, 1788, a new town was erected, containiug part of Phillipsburgh, Mile Square and the old precinct of Yonkers, under the name of Yonkers. Iu November, 1872, the supervisors of Westchester County crected a township consisting of all of the town of Yonkers lying south of the south- erly line of the city of Yonkers, to be called King's Bridge. Its first and only annual meeting was held at Temperance Hall, Mosholu, March 25, 1873. On the 1st of January, 1874, King's Bridge was annexed to the city of New York and now forms part of the Twenty-fourth Ward.

CHURCH HISTORY .- Before 1700 the inhabitants had no place of public worship nearer than East Chester. In 1707 they assembled "sometimes in the house of Joseph Betts, deceased, and sometimes in a barn when empty." About 1724 they had preaching three times a year by the rector from East Chester, and they "began to be in a dispositiou to build a church." None was erected, however, for more than a century. Those of the Reformed Dutch creed at- tended services at the church of Fordham Manor, erected in 1706. It stood on the northerly side of the road to Fordham Landing, where Moses Devoe's gate- way now is. Upon the organization of the English Church at the Lower Mills those of that faith in the Yonkers attended there. After the Revolution Augustus Van Cortlandt and John Warner were of the first trustees of the new "Yonkers Episcopal Society," formed in 1787, and members of the first vestry of "St. John's Church in the town of Yonkers," on its incorporation, in 1795. Isaac Vermilye, Wil- liam Hadley, William Warner and "Cobus" Dyck- man were trustees of "the Reformed Dutch Church at the Lower Mills in the Mauor of Phillipsburgh," in- corporated in 1784.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH BETHEL (Mosh- olu) .- This was the first religious society to erect a house of worship in the limits of King's Bridge. So early as 1826 a charge existed, having thirty-six white members and one colorcd, under Samuel W. Fisher, preacher. Meetings were held in an old school-house which stood near Warner's store, Mosh- olu. In 1828 E. Hebard had the charge. He re- muained during 1828 and organized a class. The suc- ceeding preachers were R. Seaman, 1829-30; E. Hebard, 1831-32; E. Smith, 1833-34; Thomas Evans, 1835. On the 10th of February, 1835, Caleb Van Tassell, James Cole, Jacob Varian, Abraham Wood

town-book (now, unfortunately, lost), and extraeted therefrom the ae. count of the meeting of 1756.

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KING'S BRIDGE.

and John C. Lawrence were chosen trustecs to build a church and February 14th Caleb Van Tassell and Jacob H. Varian made and filed a certificate of incor- poration as "Trustees of Methodist Church Bethel" in the town of Yonkers. A frame building was erected on the westerly side of the AAlbany post road and is yet standing, though disused for several years. Its pastors have been E. Oldrin, I. D. Bangs and Thomas Barch (superannuated), 1836-37; John Davies, Salmon C. Perry and Barch, 1838; Henry Hatfield, Perry and Barch, 1839; Barch and Daniel I. Wright, 1840; Daniel I. Wright and Humphrey Humphreys, 1841 ; John A. Silleck and Humphreys 1842; Silleck and Fred'k W. Seger, 1843; John C' Green and Mr. Barch, 1844-45; Charles C. Keyes, 1846-47 ; S. C. Perry, 1848-49; Paul R. Brown, 1850-51 ; Philip L. Hoyt, 1852; Richard Wheatly, 1853-54; Noble Lovett and Thos. Bainbridge, 1855; O. E. Brown and Bainbridge, 1856; A. B. Davis, 1857-58; R. H. Kelly, 1859-60; Wm. F. Browning and A. B. Brown, 1861; J. G. Shrive, 1862-63; W. H. Smith, 1864; W. H. Smith, 1865; A. Os- trander, 1866-67; A. C. Gallahue, 1868; W. M. Henry, 1869 ; A. Ostrander, 1870; Win. Plested, 1871 ; W. Tarleton, 1872; H. Croft, 1873; and Cyrus Nixon, 1874-75. Since that date the congregation has worshipped at King's Bridge.

CHURCH OF THE MEDIATOR (King's Bridge) .- Formed at meeting held August 15, 1855, pursuant to notice given by the rector of St. John's Church, Yonkers, who presided. Certificate recorded Novem- ber 17, 1856. Name adopted "The Church of the Mcdiator, Yonkers." Abraham Valentineand James R. Whiting were elected wardens, and Thomas J. De Lancey, William O. Giles, John C. Sidncy, Russell Smith, Joseph H. Godwin, T. Bailey Myers, Daniel Valentine and David B. Cox, vestrymen. Certificate executed by Rev. A. B. Carter, A. Van Cortlandt and William O. Giles. The church, a frame structure, was erected on land presented by James R. Whiting at a eost of five thousand dollars, and the rectory on ad- joining land soon afterwards. The church was con- secrated by Bishop Horatio Potter November 6, 1864. The officiating clergyman in 1857 was Rev. T. James Brown, of the island of Jamaica. The rectors have been Rev. Cornelius W. Bolton, June, 1858, to May, 1859; Rev. Leigh Richmond Dickinson, June, 1859, to June, 1866; and Rev. William T. Wilson, since October, 1866.

RIVERDALE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH .- Formed at a meeting held Wednesday, 24th June, 1863, Isaae G. Johnson and Edwin P. Gibson presiding. The first trustees chosen were Samuel N. Dodge, Robert Colgate, J. Joseph Eagleton, John Mott, James Serymser, Isaac G. Johnson, William E. Dodge, Jr., Warren B. Sage and David B. Kellogg. Certificate of incorporation recorded July 14, 1863. The church building, of stone, was eompleted and dcdieated Octo- ber 11, 1863. Cost, about five thousand dollars. The

stone parsonage adjoining was built soon after. The original membership was fifteen and the first elders were John Mott and Warren B. Sage. The pastors have been : George M. Boynton, October 28, 1863, to June, 1867 ; Henry H. Stebbins, August 25, 1867, to December 28, 1873, Charles H. Burr, March 5, 1874 to July 28, 1878; William R. Lord, April 30, 1879, to November 20, 1881; Ira S. Dodd, April 15, 1883, the present pastor. Entire membership, one hundred and twenty-five.

CHRIST CHURCH (Riverdale) .- Formed at a meet- ing held September 10, 1866 ; Rev. E. M. Peck, ehair- man. Henry L. Stone and Newton Carpenter were elected wardens, and Samuel D. Babcock, George W. Knowlton, Thompson N. Hollister, Frederick Good- ridge, Martin Bates, William W. Thompson, William H. Appleton and Henry F. Spaulding, vestrymen. Certificate by E. M. Peck, Perey R. Pyne and Charles H. P. Babcock, recorded September 15, 1866. Cor- porate name, "The Rector, Church Wardens and Ves- trymen of Christ Church, Riverdale." The corner- stone of the church was laid in 1865. It is built of granitie gneiss and is cruciform. Rev. E. M. Peek acted as rector until the Rev. George D. Wildes, D.D., present rector, assumed charge, in 1868. The rectory adjoining the church is a frame building. There are some beautiful memorial windows in the church, notably one recently inserted by Percy R. Pyne at a eost of twenty-five thousand franes. It is a master- piece of the French school by E. S. Oudinot and L. O. Merson, of Paris, representing the supper at . Emmaus.

EDGE HILL CHAPEL (Spuyten Duyvil) .- Erected in 1869, on land leased by Isaac G. Johnson at a nominal rent. Serviecs are conducted every Sunday evening by the pastor of Riverdale Presbyterian Church.

WOODLAWN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH (Woodlawn Heights) .- Organized in 1875. Building erected on lots donated by E. K. Willard ; completed and dedicated April, 1876, by Bishop Janes. Pas- tors: D. W. C. Van Gaasbeek, 1875-76; Aaron Coons, 1876-79; Gustave Laws, 1880-81; J. O. Kern, 1881, prescut incumbent. Membership, thirty-nine.

ST. STEPHEN'S METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH (King's Bridge) .- Organized by trustees of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church Bethel (Mosholu) in 1875. Church completed and dedicated May 14, 1876. Pas- tors : D. W. C. Van Gaasbeck, 1875-76; Aaron Coons, 1876-79; David Tasker, 1879-80; S. Lowther, 1880-82; R. H. Kelly, 1882-83; Isaae H. Lent, present ineum- bent. Membership, forty-seven.

ST. JOHN'S CHURCH (King's Bridge) .- Built under the direction of the Rev. Henry A. Brann, D.D., and dedicated December 3, 1880, by Cardinal McCloskey. Since its erection Dr. Brann has been aided in attend- ing to the congregation by the Revs. Fr. Micena, Dr. Shrader, D. McCormick and William Fry, and the present assistant is Rev. Father O'Neill. Attached

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HISTORY OF WESTCHESTER COUNTY.

to the church are the St. John's Benevolent Society and St. Patrick's Temperance Society. The congre- gation numbers about five hundred souls and is con- nected with St. Elizabeth's Church, Fort Washington, where Dr. Brann resides.

VILLAGES.

KING'S BRIDGE .- The village of this name sprang up about thirty-five years ago, upon the ancient " island or hummock " of Paparinamin, from which it has since overspread the site of the old village of Fordham and the hillside beyond. Paparinamin was given, in 1668, by Elias Doughty to George Tippett. Atter his death, in 1675, Archer laid claim to it ; but, exacting as a recognition of his manorial rights the annual payment of a "ffat capon " every New Year's day, he released the tract to Secretary Matthias Nicoll. Two years later Tippett's widow, then wife of Lewis Vitrey, reconveyed the island to Doughty, who, in turn, transferred it to the secretary. Thus the title to

MACOMB'S DAM, HARLEM RIVER, 1850.

this tract vested in the colonial government, which had already assigned its use to Ferryman Verveelen. In 1693 it was included in the grant of the Manor of Phillipsburgh, of which it remained a part until for- feited by the attainder of Colonel Phillipse, in 1779. It was sold by the Commissioners of Forfeiturc (deed July 30, 1785) to Joseph Crook, inn-keeper, Daniel Barkins and Abraham Lent, Jr., of Dutchess County, in joint tenancy. Medcef Eden, brewer, John Ram- sey and Alexander von Pfister, merchants, subse- quently owned it in whole or part ; also, Daniel Hal- sey, inn-keeper, who kept the old tavern upon it be- tween 1789 and 1793. It was purchased, 1797-99, from Von Pfister and Joseph Eden by Alexander Macomb, a wealthy merchant of New York.1

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History of Westchester county : New York, including Morrisania, Kings Bridge, and West Farms, which have been annexed to New York City, Vol. I, Part 189

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898, ed Publication date: 1886 Publisher: Philadelphia : L.E. Preston & Co. Number of Pages: 1354

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898, ed
Publication date: 1886
Publisher: Philadelphia : L.E. Preston & Co.
Number of Pages: 1354