History of Westchester county : New York, including Morrisania, Kings Bridge, and West Farms, which have been annexed to New York City, Vol. I, Part 69

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898, ed
Publication date: 1886
Publisher: Philadelphia : L.E. Preston & Co.
Number of Pages: 1354

USA > New York > Westchester County > History of Westchester county : New York, including Morrisania, Kings Bridge, and West Farms, which have been annexed to New York City, Vol. I > Part 69

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

4 Philip Van Cortlandt, eldest son of Pierre Van Cortlandt, was born in the City of New York, in 1749 (?), and was a graduate of King's (now Columbia) College, in the class of 1758 (?). lle was a Surveyor and a Country Merchant and Miller ; a Major in the Westchester-county Militia, under Goveruor Tryon; and a member of the Provincial Con- gress by whom he was made Lieutenant-colonel of this Regiment. Ile continued in the military service, until the close of the War of the Revo- lution ; after which he was one of the Commissioners of Forfeltures; represented Westchester-county in the Assembly, 1788-'9, 1789-'90; the Southern District, in the Senate, 1791-'4 ; his District, in Congress, 1793- 1809; and died on the twenty-first of November, 1831 .- (Bolton's History of Westchester-county, original edition, i., 58-60 ; the same, second edition, i., 111-112; etc.)

5 Barnabas Tuthill was a resident of Southold; had not joined the Regiment, which was then at Ticonderoga, as late as the first of Septem- ber, when he was in New York City, "unable to proceed for want of "money to pay his expenses." Ile appears to have returned to the ser- vice, in 1776; but, during the Summer, he was dismissed from the Army, at his own request .- (Journal of the Provincial Congress, " 4 ho., P. M., "September 1st, 1775;" General McDougal to Robert Yates, " YONKERS, " 21 October, 1776.")

6 The Roster of the entire Regiment may be seen in the Historical Man- uscripts relating to the War of the Revolution-Military Committee, xxv., 531-in the office of the Secretary of State, at Albany.

7 Jonathan Platt was an aged man, whom Mr. Bolton has erroneously made the great-grandfather of Ilon. Lewis C. I'latt of White Plains ; he was Mr. Platt's grand-Uncle. Ile was elected a Delegate to the Pro- vincial Convention called to elect Deputies to the Continental Congress of 1774 ; he was a member of the first County Committee of Westchester- county, in 1775 ; and a member of the fourth Provincial Congress, or, as it was called after a while, the Provincial Convention-that which de- clared the Independence of New York from the King of Great Britain, which had not been done by the Congress, at Philadelphia, on the fourth of July, 1776.

8 David Dan was a member of the first County Committee of Westches- ter-county, in 1775, and a member of the Town Committee of Pound- ridge, in 1776. He was appointed to the command of a Company, in Colonel Thomas's Regiment, in August, 1776.

1 Journal of the Provincial Congress, "Die Mercurii, 9 bo., A. DI., May " 31st, 1775."

2 .Journal of the Continental Congress, " Thursday, May 25, and Friday, " May 26, 1775-pages 274, 275, ante.

277

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1774-1783.

ford, was Captain ; 1 Elijah Hunter, of the same Town, was First Lieutenant;2 and John Bayley, of - -

was Second Lieutenant:3 of the remaining Com- pany, Ambrose Horton, apparently from the White Plains, was Captain ; + David Palmer, of - , was First Lieutenant : 3 and Samuel Tredwell Pell, of

t Captain Dauiel Mills continued in the service, after the Regiment was disbanded, at the close of the year, serving as a Captain in Colonel Van Schaick's Regiment of the New York Line, in the Continental Army.

2 Elijah Hunter was originally named for Second Lientenant, with Samunel Haight, subsequently Sheriff of the County, as First Lieutenant. lle was a member of the County Committee, representing Bedford, 1776- 7 ; subsequently became a Captain in Van Cortlandt's Regiment ; and left the service at the close of 1776.

$ John Bayley evidently left the Regiment before it went into active service, since, in August, 1775, Miles Oakley, a member of the first County Connuittee, was appointed in his place, leaving the service at the end of the year.

The following paper, with the names of the men enlisted into this Company, is taken from the original manuscript, among the Historical Manuscripts relating to the B'ar of the Revolution : Military Returns, xxvii., 266 ; and will be interesting to those who have descended from the older families of Bedford :

" BEADFORD, July 29th, 1775.

"A Return of the Men inlisted by Daniel Mills. Capt, and Elijah Hunter first Leut.

" Abijah Dan,

Abijah Weed,

" Jonathan Weeks,

Jolin thomas,

" willis major wilks,

Lewis Miller,

" John feris,

" James Raymond, Jun™

" Jolın Bud,

" Amuos Roberts,

" Henry Rich,

" Abrauı Nickels,

" Nathanel Smith,

Nathan Holmes,

" Mosis Iliggins,

John Runnells,

"ebencsor weeb,

William Miller,

Daniel llolmes,

Jeremiah Lane,

Giddeon Smith,

Zephaniah Milller,

4. Lemuel Light,

" James Mills,

" Thomas Golding,

John Still,

" Joseph Sears,

George Garret,

" Lowran Brinney,

Holmes astin,

" newman wayrin,

newman betts,

" Timothy Conner,

John Dayly,

'. Henry Noole,

Shubel Cunninggame,

" John Cunninggame,

Patrick Cuhana. " Total 50.

" TO PETER V. B. LIVINGSTON, Esq'

" President, of ye New York Provincial Congress,"

4 There is some reason for supposing that Ambrose Horton was im- ported from Sonthold, in Suffolk-county, to take the counand of a Com- pany in this Regiment ; but, wherever he may have originated, he enlisted "fifty-six able bodyed men " for the Company ; and reported them to the Provincial Congress, from the White Plains, on the twenty- sixth of July, 1775, (Historical Manuscripts, etc. : Military Returns, xxvi., 57.) Unfortunately, he did not return the names of those enlisted men.

& The First Lieutenancy of this Company was originally given to Samuel Clannon, who appears to have given way for David Palmer, apparently from Duchess-county ; and, in Angust, 1775, the latter was again raised, by being appointed to the command of a Company, in this Regiment. While he held the Lieutenancy, he enlisted twenty-three nien for this Company, in Richmond-county, (Historical Manuscripts, etc .: Military Returns, xxvi., 53.)

-, Was Second Lieutenant.6 The names of none of those who held Warrants, as Non-commissioned Officers, in either of these Companies, have been preserved; and it is to be regretted that, except in the instance of tlte Bedford Company, the names of those who were in the ranks, as Privates, are no longer known. A considerable number of the latter classes, with no other claim to distinction than their physical ability to work or to fight and their good in- tentions, was probably taken from the yeomaury of Westehester-county ; and, notwithstanding they were mostly detainted at Ticonderoga, without leaving been permitted to join General Montgomery, before Que- bec, as he particularly desired and requested they should do, there is no reason for supposing that they failed, in the slightest degree, to discharge every duty which was laid on them, satisfactorily to their commanding Offieers. Some of them are said to have served in Canada ; 7 but it is understood that the Regi- ment was discharged, at the elose of the term for which it had been enlisted; and that the greater number returned, with honor, to their respective homes.

It will be remembered that the Continental Con- gress, among the Resolutions relating to the Colony of New York, which it adopted on the twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth of May, 8 included a requisition " that the Militia of New-York be armed and trained "and in constant readiness to act at a moment's "warning," etc .; and that those Resolutions were duly transmitted to the Provincial Congress of that Col- ony.9 After a prolonged consideration of the sub- ject, by two Committees and by the body of the Provincial Congress,10 on the ninth of August, a Re- port was made and adopted, providing for the com- plete re-organization of the Militia of the Colony, and for a complete change in the personnel of those who commanded it.11 On the twenty-second of the same

6 The Second Lieutenancy of this Company was originally given to Nehemiah Marshall ; but, in July, 1775, that gentleman withdrew and Mr. Pell was appointed to the vacancy. The latter was evidently pro- moted to the First Lieutenancy, when, in August of that year, Lieuten- ant Palmer was promoted to the command of a Company ; and, on the same day, Isaac Van Waert was appointed to the vacant Second Lienten- aucy.

7 Captain David Palmer, Lieutenant Samuel T. Pell, and Lieutenant Isaac Van Waert are particularly noticed as having served in Canada, in 1775, ( Historical Manuscripts, etc .: Military Committee's Papers, xxv., 764 ; the same ; Military Returns, xxvii., 166 ;) and it may reasonably be supposed that the Company of which they were Officers, accompanied them.

8 Journal of the Continental Congress, " Thursday, May 25, and Friday, " May 26, 1775," pages 274, 275, ante.

9 Journal of the Provincial Congress, " Die Ininæe, 4 ho., P.M., May 29th, " 1775."

10 Journal of the Provincial Congress, " Die Veneris, 9 ho., A.MI., July 7, "1775; " the same, " Die Jovis, 9 ho., A. MI., July 27, 1775 ; " the same, " Die Lunæ, 9 ho., A.M., August 7, 1773 ;" and the same, " Die Mercurii, " 9 ho., A.M., August 9, 1775."

11 Journal of the Provincial Congress, " Die Mercurii, 9 ho., .A.M., " August 9, 1775."

" Charles parsons,

" Ambres Benedick,

" James Bennet,

" Daniel McClean,

James trowbridg,

Joseph Clarke, Jnnr

Jolın ellit, Jun™

James Cannady, Johu Gosseper, James Miller,

Isnac titus,

John Daniels,

278

HISTORY OF WESTCHESTER COUNTY.

month, with a very important change, which permit- of the Company, and had received only twelve of the sixty votes which were cast for that office;' and, of course, the Committee of Safety of the County transmitted the affidavit to the Provincial Con- gress, promising to supplement what was then sent with evidence that Cock had "spoken very dis- "respectfully of the Congress;" and inviting that body to withhold the Commission to which Cock was en- titled under the provisions of the Congress's own enactment.5 Six days afterwards, fifty-nine of the ted those who were not residents of the Districts or Beats to take and to hold offices therein, that Repurt was included in an elaborate " Militia Bill," which provided that every portion of the Colony should be divided into "Districts or Beats," in such manner that each of those Districts should include, as nearly as possible, eighty-three men and boys, between six- teen and sixty years of age, and capable of bearing arms. These Companies were to be commanded by Officers to be elected by the respective Companies, : Inhabitants of Yonkers presented a Petition to the and commissioned by the Provincial Congress. One ; Committee of Safety, justifying their action in elect- ing Cock as their Captain, and asking that he might be commissioned, as such ;6 but Isaac Green, one of

fourth of the entire force was to be organized as Minute-men ; the Companies were to be organized into Regiments; the Regiments were to be organized into Brigades ; and all were to be commanded by a Major-general, to be appointed and commissioned by the Provincial Congress. Provisions were also made requiring "every man, between the ages of sixteen " and fifty," to provide himself with a musket and bayonet, a sword or tomahawk, a cartridge-box to contain twenty-three rounds of cartridges, a knap- sack, one pound of gunpowder, and three pounds of balls; and various other provisions, for the govern- ment of the Militia, were also enacted.1

There does not appear to have been much discon- , "Sworn the IIth Sept., 1775,

tent, in any part of the Colony, because of the passage of that Ordinance or Act for the re-organization of the Militia ; but it afforded opportunities, in various places, for displays of that coutenipt for the unfrau- chised and lowly masses, which those of higher social and political rank, even those who were ostentatiously assuming to be the especial guardians and defenders of the Rights of the Colonists, were not slow in present- ing to the world. A notable instance of this contempt was scen at Yonkers, where Frederick Van Cortlandt, an unprovided-for member of that extended family, aspired to the command of the Company in that Beat, probably as a stepping-stone to something bet- ter. The enrolled members of the Company, in whom the right of election rested, preferred one of their own number, John Cock, for their Captain; and when the Poll was closed, it was found that the aris- tocratie aspirant had received only eleven votes, while his plebeian opponent had received forty-eight, and one had been given to William Betts.2 The de- feated aspirant subsequently complained that, although his successful opponent had signed the Association, he had done so without having heartily approved it, supporting his charge with an affidavit of William Hadley,3 who had aspired to the First Licutenancy

1 That " Militia Bill," in extenso, was published as a Note to the Jour- nal of the Provincial Congress, " Die Martis. 9 ho., A.M., August 22, "1775."

2 Votes of the Militia Embodyed in ye Precinct of the Yonkers and of offi- cers names this 24 August, 1775 .- Historical Manuscripts, etc. : Military Returns, xxvi., 23 ; xxvii., 263.

3 " WESTCHESTER COUNTY, SS.

" William Hadley, of the said County, yeoman, personally appeared

"before the Committee of Safety for the County aforesaid, and being "duly sworn on the lloly Evangelists of the Almighty God, saith that "he the Deponent being appointed one of the Sub-Committee for the "superintending the signing of the General Association of this Province, " carried the same to one, John Cock, of the Youkers, in suid County, "and asked the suid John Cock to sign the same ; he, the said John "Cock taking the pen in his hand uttered the following words: 'I sign "' this with my hand, but not with my heart, for I would not Have " 'aigned it had it not heen for my wife and family's sake ; ' and this lie "several times repeated in the hearing of him the Deponent. And "further the Deponent saith not.

" WILLIAM HADLEY.

" before me, "' GILBT DRAKE."

4 Votes of the Militia Lanbodyed, etc. - Historical Manuscripts, etc., Mili- tary Returns, xxvi., 23; xxvii., 263.

5 Letter from Gilbert Drake, Chairman, to John Haring, Chairman of the Committee of Safety, ut New York, " WHITE-PLAINS, Sept. 11th, 1775."

" Journal of the Committee of Safety, " Die Imnæ, 9 ho., A.MI., Septem- " ber 18, 1775.""

The Petition thus presented has been preserved ; and the following has been copied from it-Historical Manuscripts, etc., Petitions, xxxi., 101.

"TO THE HIONEle THE PROVINCIAL CONGRESS OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW "YORK IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK CONVENd-OR IN THEIR RECESS, "To THE HoNoble THE COMMITTEE OF SAFTEY.

"The Honorable Petition of the Inhabitants of tho Procinct of the "lower Youkers in the County of Westchester Humbly Showeth :

"That your Honourable House have made a Resolve and Published "the same Recommending to the Inhabitants of every Town Mannor " Precinct & District within the Province aforesaid, to meet nominate "and appoint Captains and Other Officers To form Themselves as Com- " panys of Militla.

"And whereas the Inhabitants of this Precinct Did meet agreeable to " your said Resolve On the Twenty-fourth Day of August Last, under " the Inspection of the Commitee for that District Did by a very great "Majority as by the List will appear, Did Nominate and appoint Mr. "Jolin Cock of the said Precinct for his known Skill and nbility in the " Military Discipline and for other good Cause, appointed him Captain " of the said Company for the District aforesaid.

"And whereas we are informed that a Complaint hath been made to " the Commitee by a few of the Inhabitants against the said Mr. John " Cock ont of Spite and Malice and as we conceive what has been alegd "against him was before the Signing the Association, we are well "assured that Since his Signing the said Association no person Can ac " cuse him of breaking the same by any ways or means whatever.

"Therefore we the Petitioners and Subscribers Do Humbly beg the " Indulgence of This Honourable House To Grant unto Mr. Jolin Cock "the Commission of Captain for the Company aforesaid as we are Con- "vinced he was chossen agreeable to your said Resolve and your Peti- " tioners as in Duty Bound shall ever pray.

279

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1774-1783.

those who had voted for Cock, at the Election, was induced to join with George Hadley, the latter in a second Affidavit, showing that Cock "had damned the " Provincial Congress of this Colony, and spoke dis- "respectfully of them ;" and these were laid before the Colonial Committee of Safety, in opposition to the Petition of the fifty-nine and to the claim of the Captain-eleet. The result was probably foreseen by the Petitioners and their successful candidate-why should the carefully expressed will of fifty-nine respee- table men, deelared in conformity with the published terins of the Congress itself, be permitted to stand in the way of a Van Cortlandt, the latter with nothing else than two er-parte Affidavits to sustain the evi- dently ridiculous charge of wrong-doing in the sue- cessful eandidate? and why, also, should those other successful candidates who had, also, been elected by the same great majority and at the same time, with- out even the semblance of an accusation against either of thein, be permitted to receive their Com- missions ? It was true, that the latter had not been known to have spoken disrespectfully of either the Association or of the Congress: it was true, that they had reecived nearly five-sixths of the votes which were east: it was true, that the Election had been held under the inspection of the proper Committee: it was true, that every requirement of the Congress's

" Charles Tylor,

John Devoe, Jacob Post,

"Martin Post,

"James Munro,

Heury Brown,

" Authy Allaire,

Henrey Taylor,

" Edward Ryer,

Anthoney Archer,

" Benjamin Farrington,

Basal Archer,

" William Rose,

Thomas Oakley,

" Henry presher,

" Thoums Farington,

" Isac Postt,

" James Rich,

" Gilbert Brown,

lais

his

" Thomas X Tippit, mark,

his

"Samuel Laurence,

" thomas Merrell,

" Sammnel Williams,

" Fredrick Brown,

" Israel L'uderhill,

" David Oakley, Jun",

" Joseph Oakley, Jun",

"George Crawford,

" Moses Oakley,

" Abraham Rich,

". Mathions Archer,

his

" Ezk X Brown,

mark,

his

"Abraham X Asten,

mark,

" Robert Farrington,

John Warner, Francis Smith,

" John X Odle, mark

Jordan Norris,

frederick Vermilyea,

lis

John Cortright,

"Ahm X Odle,

Edward Cortright.

mark

".IWWER YONKERS, SPpt" 15, 1775."

own enactments had been duly observed : it was also true, however, that they were obnoxious to "a few "of the Inhabitants," and, therefore, without an ac- eusation, without a hearing, without a shadow of authority, even in the clastic law of the Congress, the expressed will of the Company was disregarded and the pretended principles of the Revolution were thrown aside, by the refusal of the Committee of Safety to recognize either of the successful candidates, and by the issue of an order for a new Election,1 which, if it was held, was not held until the follow- ing March.

With " the letter of the Militia Regulations," as has been said, there did not appear to be any extended diseontentment; but with the arbitrary conduct of some of those who were to oversee the execution of it -- the instance, at Yonkers, being only one of several -there was, very reasonably, mueh dissatisfaction among those, being men from whom duties were ex- acted, who were, nevertheless, regarded and treated as if they were not men, and as if they possessed no social or political privilege which those who were bet- ter born were legally obliged to recognize and re- spect.

In a community, such as that which constituted Colonial Westchester-county, which was already known and distinguished because of its consistent con- servatism and, therefore, because of its backwardne-s in promoting the eause of the Rebellion, such a ty- rannical exercise of political authority as had been seen in connection with the Election of Militia Officers, at Yonkers, by those who were, themselves, exercising only an authority which had been usurped and which was held and exercised without due war- rant in law, was everything else than conciliatory, and was far better adapted to arouse and to inflame

1 Journal of the Committee of Safety, " Dle Martis, 9 ho., .A. M., Septem- " bor 19th, 1775."

The following letter, addressed by the Colonial Committer of Safety to Frederic Van Cortlandt and others, Informing them of the remarkable result of this Election, in Yonkors, will Interest those who desire to learn the inside history of the Revolution, in Westchester-county :

" 1x COMMITTEE OF SAFETY, " NEW-YORK, Sept. 19th, 1775. " GENTLEMEN : " Having considered your report, and also the report of "your County Committee, concerning the Election of John Cox, au " a Captain of the Company of Militia at Youkers. We have determined ' him to be disqualified for a Commission. not only because at the time "of his signing the . Association he declared it to be an involuntary act, but "Also because he has spoke most contemptnously ot the Provincial Con-

" grene. And in order that the other Officers in the Company may have "a chance of promotion, which cannot be done according to the letter of "the Militia Regulations, you are hereby desired to cause a new Election " to be maile of all the Officers of the Company, pursuant to the said " Regulations, taking care to give public notice that the said John Cocks " cannot be admitted to any office whatsoever.

Lewis X post, mark

lıis

Jacob Taylor, James Crawford, Elnathan Taylor, Isrel Pest, his

Thomas Rich,

Elijh taylor,

William X Post, mark Robert Brown,

Danel Deen,

Stephen Bastino,

Benja Arsdan,

Henry Norris,

John Gnevnan,

Jonathan Fowler, his

Abm X Post, mark

Dennis X Post, mark

" We are respectfully, Gentlemen, " Your very humble Servants, " By order of the Committee of Safety, " JOHN HARING, Chairman. " TO FREDERIC V. CORTLANDT, BENJAMIN " DRAKE, STEPHEN SNEDEN, THOMAS EM. " MUSS, WILLIAM BEETS AND WILLIAM " Il\PT.KY, nt Yonkers, Westchester."

280

HISTORY OF WESTCHESTER COUNTY.

the passions of those who were loyal to the universally recognized Sovereign and obedient to the public Laws of the land, than to soothe them. But the farmers of the County were generally peaceable men, preferring to endure a wrong instead of resenting and resisting it by force ; and they appear to have generally proceed- ed, therefore, to the election of Officers, in the reor- ganized Militia of the County, with much unanimity and general good feeling. The first to respond to the call of the Provincial Congress, by the election of its Militia Officers, was the Borough Town of Westches- ter, wherc, on the twenty-fourth of August, John Oakley was elected to the command of the local Com- pany, 1 with Nicholas Berrian, for its First Lieuten- ant ; 2 Isaac Leggett, for its Second Lieutenant; and Frederic Philipse Stevenson, for its Ensign. 3 Subse- quently, when West Farms and the Manor of Ford- ham were separated from the body of the Town and made a separate and distinct Beat, Nicholas Berrian was clected to the command of the new Company, with Gilbert Taylor, for its First Lieutenant; Daniel Devoc, for its Second Lieutenant; and Benjamin Val- entine, for its Ensign. 4

1 John Oakley represented Westchester, in the County Committee, from May, 1776, until May, 1777.

2 Nicholas Berrian was one of those, at Fordham and West Farms, who, in September, 1775, petitioned for the establshment of a Company, in that portion of the Town, separate from the other portions of it, (Histori- cal Manuscripts, etc .: Petitions, xxxi. 114) ; and, in October of the same year, when that Petition was granted, he was elected to the command of the new Company, (Historical Manuscripts, etc. Military Returns, xxvi., 234.)

3 Historical Manuscripts relating to the War of the Revolution : Military Returns, xxvi., 23 ; xxvii., 263.

4 Historical Manuscripts relating to the War of the Revolution: Military Returns, xxvi., 234.

The following list of the names of those, from West Farms and the Manor of Fordham, who were summoned to meet at Westchester ; who petitioned for the organization of the new Company ; and who were its members, when it was organized, may properly fiud a place in this narrative. It was copied from the original manuscript, (Historical Man- uscripts, Petitions, xxxi., 114.)

Nicholas Berrian,

James Mckay,

Isaac Valintine,

Robert Campbell,

Peter Valintine,

Edeu Hunt,

John Stevens, Benjamin Curser [Corsa !]

James Archer,

Abraham Dyckman,

Sammel Embree, Jun",

John Turner, Benjamin Valentine,

John Collard,

his

Cornelius Jacobs,

hezekiah Ward,

Georg X l'hilpet, mark

Tunis Garrison, Isack Cant,

Peter Bussing, Juner, Peter Bussiug,

Robert Gilmer,

Abraham Wils,

Benjamin Archer, Jun™,

Benjamin Curser, Jr.,

Daniel Devoe, Jur,

John Enibree, Sen",

Hendrick Ryer, John Lint, [Lent ?] John Ryer,

Jacob Lent, his

Isaac Corser, [Corsa ?]

Abram X Lent, mark

Isaac Corser, Jut, tunus Leforge, Phillip Innt,

Dennis Ryer, Jacob Valentine, Abraham garison,

Stephen Embree, Nathaniel Lawreuc, Peter Devoe,

James Grobe,

John Embree, Jun",

In the Manor of Cortlandt, there were eight Dis- tricts or Beats, which appear to have been the samc, in their several territorial limits, as those under the former arrangement; and these elected the following Officers for the respective Companies :

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History of Westchester county : New York, including Morrisania, Kings Bridge, and West Farms, which have been annexed to New York City, Vol. I, Part 69

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898, ed Publication date: 1886 Publisher: Philadelphia : L.E. Preston & Co. Number of Pages: 1354

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898, ed
Publication date: 1886
Publisher: Philadelphia : L.E. Preston & Co.
Number of Pages: 1354