USA > New York > Monroe County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming. To which is added, a Supplement, or Extension of the pioneer history of Monroe county > Part 49
USA > New York > Allegany County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming > Part 49
USA > New York > Livingston County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming. To which is added, a Supplement, or Extension of the pioneer history of Monroe county > Part 49
USA > New York > Yates County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming. To which is added, a Supplement, or Extension of the pioneer history of Monroe county > Part 49
USA > New York > Ontario County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming. To which is added, a Supplement, or Extension of the pioneer history of Monroe county > Part 49
USA > New York > Wyoming County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming. To which is added, a Supplement, or Extension of the pioneer history of Monroe county > Part 49
USA > New York > Steuben County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming. To which is added, a Supplement, or Extension of the pioneer history of Monroe county > Part 49
USA > New York > Genesee County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming. To which is added, a Supplement, or Extension of the pioneer history of Monroe county > Part 49
USA > New York > Wayne County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming. To which is added, a Supplement, or Extension of the pioneer history of Monroe county > Part 49
USA > New York > Orleans County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming. To which is added, a Supplement, or Extension of the pioneer history of Monroe county > Part 49
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" A council was held. It was resolved, as it was late, to sleep on the field of battle for camp. One who was still alive said there were 800 of them ; 300 above, and 500 below ; and that the Goyogoaians, (Cayugas,) were to come the next day, which was the reason that they staid where they were. There were found at several places during the succeeding days, provisions, and some other dead savages ; or if not dead, our men killed them."
"On the morrow we marched in battle order, wating for an attack. We descended the hill by a little sloping valley, or gorge, through which ran a brook bordered with thick buskes, and which discharges itself at the foot of a hill, in a marsh full of deep mud, but planted with alders so thick that one could scarcely see. There it was that they had stationed their two ambuscades, and where perhaps we would have been de- feated, if they had not mistaken our advanced guards for the whole army, and been so hasty in firing. The Marquis acted very prudently in not pursuing them, for it was a trick of the Iroquois to draw us into a greater ambuscade. The marsh which is about twenty acres, (aopens,) being passed, we found about three hundred wretched blankets; several miserable guns, and began to perceive the famous Babylon of the Tson- nontouans; a city, or village of bark, situate at the top of a mountain of earth, to which one rises by three terraces, or hills. It appeared to us from a distance, to be crowned with round towers, but these were only large chests, (drums) of bark, about four feet in length, set the one in the other about five feet in diameter, in which they keep their Indian corn. The village had been burnt by themselves; it was now eight days since ; we found nothing in the town except the cemetery and grave. It was filled with snakes and animals, there was a great mask with teeth and eyes of brass ; and a bear skin with which they disguise in their eabins. There were in the four corners, great boxes of grain which they had not burned. They had outside this post, their Indian corn in a piquet fort at the top of a little mountain, steps or cut down on all sides, where it was knee high throughout the fort."
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" The Tsonnontouans have four large villages, which they change every ten years, in order to bring themselves near the woods, and permit them to grow up again. They call them Gagnsaea, Tohaiton, which are the two larger; Onuntague, and Onnenatu which are smaller. In the last dwells Ganonkitahoui, the principal chief. We cut the standing grain already ripe enough to eat, and burned the old. It was estimated that we burnt one hundred thousand minots of old grain, and a hundred and fifty thousand minots of that standing in the field, besides the beans, and the hogs that we killed. Sixty persons died of wounds received in the battle, a multitude perished of want ; many of them fled beyond the great mountains of Onnontague, and went to dwell in the country of the Andastoez. The greater part of their captives dispersed, and since that time the Tsonnontouan, (Seneca) nation, which counted at least eight or
nine hundred warriors, and ten thousand souls in all, has been reduced to half that number.
"From here, against the expectations of our Indians, who believed we were going among the Iroquois cantons, we went to establish a Fort at Onnigara, [Niagara, ] where we arrived after three days' journey."
The official account of De Nonville, does not differ materially from that of the L Abbe de Belmont. He says the French loss was but " five or six men killed and twenty wounded." He says : - "We witnessed the painful sight of the usual cruel- ties of the savages, who cut the dead into quarters, as in slaughter houses, in order to put them into the pot. The greater number were opened while still warm, that their blood might be drank. Our rascally Ottowas distinguished themselves particularly by these barbarities, and by their cowardice, for they withdrew from the combat ; the Hurons of Michilimaquina did very well, but our Christian Indians surpassed all, and performed deeds of valor, especially our Iroquois, of whom we durst not make sure, having to fight against their relatives." He is quite as extravagant as de Belmont, in his estimate of the amount of corn destroyed .* The estimate of either is incredible; it was a new kind of war for the Marquis, and not much to his taste. He says to the Minister of War : - " It is an unfortunate trade, my lord, to command savages, who, after the first broken head, ask to return home, carrying home with them the scalps which they lift off like a leather cap; you cannot conceive the terrible efforts I had to retain them until the corn was cut. It is full thirty years since I have had the honor to serve, but I assure you, my lord, that I have seen nothing that comes near this in labor and fatigue.
Baron La Hontan accompanied the expedition, as he was much disposed to tell the truth upon all occasions, his version of the general features of the battle is entitled to credit. He insists that the ambuscade was very successful, throwing the French into general disorder, and panic from which they were only relieved by a fierce assault of their allies, the western Indians, upon the assailants. He says the loss was that of ten of their Indian allies, and a hundred Frenchmen. "Six days we were occupied in cutting down Indian corn with our swords. We found in all the villages horses, cattle, and a multitude of swine."
The western Indians were mnuch chagrined at the result of the expedition. They had come down to join De Nonville, in the hope that their ancient implacable ene- mies, the Iroquois, were to be exterminated, when they found that the French intended to retreat without visiting the other Iroquois cantons, they complained bitterly, and indirectly taunted them with cowardice. They spoke in contemptuous language of an expedition assembled at so much expense and trouble, " to burn bark eabins, which could be rebuilt in four days," and destroy corn, the loss of which their confederates
* A minot is equal to three bushels.
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in their abundance, could easily supply. Many of them departed for home in disgust. Those that went with the French to Niagara, were only appeased by the promise that the war should be renewed.
Before leaving the Seneca country, De Nonville took formal possession of it in the name of his king, making a pompous proclamation, in which he enumerates the villages of Ga-os-sach-gwa, (upon Boughton Hill,) Ga-no-garrae, (near where the old Indian trail crossed the Ganargwa, in East Bloomfield,) De-yu-di-haak-do, (at the north-east bend of the Honeoye outlet, near West Mendon,) Dy-u-don-set, (about two miles south-east of Avon.) The proclamation, act of possession, or " process verbal," says that the French army "have vanquished and put to flight eight hundred Iroquois Tronnontouans, and have laid waste, burnt, and destroed their cabins."
Subsequently there has appeared the careful and distinct account of the battle given by the L. Abbe de Belmont, a larger portion of which is given in preceding pages Guided by that and Mr. Marshall's pamphlet, the author has made some personal investigations which leads him to the conclusion that the army of De Nonville landed on the east side of Irondequoit Bay, at what has been known as the old "Indian Land- ing," and pursued the old Indian trail, passed the head of the Bay, and the branch trail which bore off a little east of Pittsford village, and over the ridge of highlands, descend- ing to Victor flats over the now farm of Wm. C. and Truman Dryer, near the present Pittsford road.
With the different authentic accounts of the battle which we now have, the antiqua- rian, or historical reader, will have no difficulty in identifying upon Victor Flats, Bough- ton Hill, and Fort Hill, the entire battle grounds. There are the places of the two ambuscades, the site of the " Babylon of the Tosnnontouans," the " high hill surrounded by three little hills or terraces, at the foot of a valley, and opposite some other hills ;"' and indeed, many things, evidences of identity that are conclusive. In early years of settlement, Brant was a guest of Jared and Enos Boughton. He traced out the site of the ancient Indian village, and the old French battle ground, and stated that his grand- father, who was of the Iroquois that had settled under French protection, upon the St. I awrence, was the pilot of De Nonville's army.
Relics of the battle and of temporary French occupancy, were numerous in the carly years of settlement, such as " bill axes," gun barrels, and trimmings, a silver cross and silver coins. As late as 1818, two five frank pieces were ploughed up on the hill north of Boughton Hill. A little east of the Pittsford road, near the old Indian trail, on the farm of Asahel Boughton, there was ploughed up a few years ago, a half bushel
NOTE .- The precise location of the battle ground of De Nonville and the Senecas, has been a mooted question. Mr. Hosmer has favored the conclusion that it was in Avon, near one of the tributaries of the Honcoye. Mr. James Sperry, of Henrietta, an early pioneer, a man of observation, as the reader will already have observed, inclines to the opinion that it was on the farm of Nathan Waldron, in the north-east corner of East Bloomfield. A few years since, O. H. Marshall, of Buffalo, a close and care- ful investigator - an intelligent antiquarian, to whom our whole local region is far more indebted for early Indian and French History, than he has had credit for - trans- lated from the French, the Journal of De Nonville, for the use of the New York Ilis- forical Society, and to illustrate his subject, made a tour of observation. He located the battle ground in Victor, traced and mapped the several localities alluded to in De Nonville and La Hontan's account of the battle; and left little room to doubt the correctness of his conclusions. He was assisted in his investigations by Jacob Lob- dell and Wm. C. Dryer. Exhibiting a map of the region to the venerable and intel- gent Seneca chief, Blacksmith, at Tonawanda, he traced it with his finger, and located the battle ground as Mr. Marshall had.
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of iron balls, about the size of musket balls. In the early years of settlement in Victor, the most of the iron the settlers used, was the old French axes the plough would expose.
But the inquiry arises, if the battle ground of De Nonville and the Senecas was in Victor, how are the relies on the " Waldron farm," the " Ball farm," in Avon, to be accounted for ? The inquiry might also incinde the relies of French warfare, and French occupancy, in Aurora, and Eden, Erie county, spoken of in the history of the Hol- land Purchase. The answer may be that our history of French occupancy of the whole Genesee country, is as yet imperfect , but a small part of the Jesuit, Recollet and Fran- ciscan " Relations," during the occupancy of more than a century has as yet been dis- covered, unless the recent discoveries among the archives of the Jesuits in Montreal, and by Mr. Cass our minister at Rome, has supplied the deficiency.
[NO. 3.] [EXTRACT FROM HIS EXCELLENCY, GEN. WASHINGTON'S ORDERS.]
" HEAD QUARTERS, MORE'S HOUSE, Oct. 17, 1779.
"The Commander-in-Chief, has now the pleasure of congratulating the army on the complete and full success of Maj. Gen. Sullivan, and the troops under his command, against the Seneca and other tribes of the Six Nations, as a just and necessary punishment for their wanton depredations, their unparalleled and innumerable cruelties, their deafness to all remonstrances and entreaty, and their perseverance in the most horrid acts of barbarity. Forty of their towns have been reduced to ashes, some of them large and commodious .; that of the Genesee alone, containing one hundred and twenty-eight houses. Their crops of corn have been entirely destroyed,-which, by estimation, it it is said, would have provided 160,000 bushels, besides large quantities of vegetables of various kinds. Their whole country has been over-run and laid waste : and they themselves compelled to place their security in a precipitate flight to the British for- tress at Niagara ;- and the whole of this has been done with the loss of less than forty men on our part, including the killed, wounded, captured, and those who died natural deaths. The troops employed in this expedition, both officers and men, throughout the. whole of it, and in the action they had with the enemy, manifested a patience, perse- verance, and valor that do them the highest honor. In the course of it, when there still remaincd a large extent of the enemy's country to be prostrated, it became necessary to lessen the issues of provisions to half the usual allowance. In this the troops acqui- esced with a most general and cheerful concurrence, being fully determined to sur- mount every obstacle, and to prosecute the enterprise to a complete and successful issue. Maj. Gen. Sullivan, for his great perseverance and activity ; for his order of march and attack, and the whole of his dispositions; the Brigadiers and officers of all ranks, and the whole of the soldiers engaged in the expedition, merit, and have the Commander-in-Chief's warmest acknowledgements, for their important services upon this occasion."
As nothing has been said of Col. Brodhead's campaign, it may be proper to state that on the 22d of March, 1779, Washington ordered him to make the necessary pre- parations for an expedition against Detroit, to throw a detachment forward to Kittan- ing, and another beyond to Venango, at the same time preserving the strictest secrecy as to his ultimate object. Though this expedition was soon found impracticable and abandoned, preparations were immediately made for the one, which was actually un-
30
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dertaken against the Indians at the head of the Allegany River, French Creek, and other tributaries of the Ohio. On the 11th of August, 1779, with about six hundred men, including militia and volunteers, and one month's provisions, Col. Daniel Brod- head left Fort Pitt and began his march to the Indian country. The result was an- nounced by Gen. Washington to his army at West Point :-
[Extract from General Orders. ]
" HEAD QUARTERS, MORE'S HOUSE, Oct. 18th, 1779.
" The Commander-in-Chief is happy in the opportunity of congratulating the army on our further success, by advices just arrived. Col. Brodhead, with the Continental troops under his command, and a body of militia and volunteers, has penetrated about one hundred and eighty miles into the Indian country, on the Allegany river, burnt ten of the Muncey and Seneca towns in that quarter, containing one hundred and sixty - five houses ; destroyed all their fields of corn, computing to comprehend five hundred acres, besides large quantities of vegetables ; obliging the savages to flee before him with the greatest precipitation, and to leave behind them many skins and other articles of value. The only opposition the savages ventured to give our troops, on this occasion, was near Cuskusking. About forty of their warriors, on their way to commit barbarities on our frontier settlers, were met here. Lieut. Harden, of the 8th Pennsylvania regi- ment, at the head of one of our advance parties, composed of thirteen men, of whom eight were of our friends the Delaware nation, who immediately attacked the savages and put them to the rout, with the lossof five killed on the spot, and of all their canoes, blankets, shirts, and provisions, of which, as is usual for them when going into action, they had divested themselves ; and also of several arms. Two of our men and one of our Indian friends were very slightly wounded in the action, which was all the dam- age we sustained in the whole enterprise.
"'The activity, perseverance, and firmness, which marked the conduet of Col. Brod- heau, and that of all the officers and men, of every description, in this expedition, do them great honor, and their services justly entitle them to the thanks, and to this tes- timonial of the General's acknowledgment."
In a letter dated "West Point, 20th October, 1779," addressed to the Marquis de La Fayette, Gen. Washir gton incidentally alludes to these two campaigns, and their probable effects upon the Indians. He informs Gen. La Fyette as news that may be interesting to him, that -
"Gen. Sullivan has completed the entire destruction of the country of the Six Nations ; driven all their inhabitants, men, women, and children, out of it ; and is at Easton on his return to join this army, with the troops under his command. He performed this service without losing forty men, either by the enemy or by sickness. While the Six Nations were under this rod of correction, the Mingo, and Muneey tribes, living on the Allegany, French creek, and other waters of the Ohio, above Fort Pitt, met with similar chastise- ment from Col. Brodhead, who, with six hundred men, advanced upon them at the same instant, and laid waste their country. These unexpected and severe strokes have disconcerted, humbled, and distressed the Indians exceedingly ; and will, I am persua- ded, be productive of great good, as they are undeniable proofs to them, that Great Britain cannot protect them whenever their hostile conduct deserves it."-Writings of Washington, Vol. ri, p. 384.
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[NO. 4.]
PETER OTSEQUETTE. [FROM MANUSCRIPTS OF THOMAS MORRIS. ]
At this treaty also, I became intimate with Peter Otsequette, who when a boy, was taken to France, by the Marquis de La Fayette. He remained with the Marquis seven years ; he received while with him, a very finished education. Having received the early part of my own education in France, and being well acquainted with the French language, I would frequently retire with Peter, into the woods, and hear him recite some of the finest pieces of French poetry from the tragedies of Corneille and Racine. Peter was an Oneida Indian, he had not been many months restored to his nation, and yet he would drink raw rum out of a brass kettle, take as much delight in yelling and whooping, as any Indian ; and in fact, became as vile a drunkard as the worst of them.
[NO. 5.] HENDRICK WEMPLE. [FROM MANUSCRIPTS OF W. H. C. HOSMER.]
He was the father of Mrs. Maria Berry, wife of the late Gilbert R. Berry, a pioneer Indian trader, and settler in the valley of the Genesee. In advance of civilization, this remarkable man, frequently visited the Indian villages of western New York - and sometimes extended his journies by water, in a birch canoe, manned by Indians, to Detroit, and thence to Mackinaw and the Straits of St. Mary's. His place of resi- dence was near Caughnawaga, on the Mohawk, at the breaking out of hostilities. He afterwards removed to the Oneida Castle.
John Scott Quackenboss, a kinsman, and who knew him in his boyhood, describes him as a man of majestic proportions, more than six feet in height, and endowed by nature with great personal strength and agility. His influence was great among the Oneidas and Mohawks, being familiar with their customs, and their superior in all ath- letic sports. He accompanied, by special invitation, General Herkimer and party, in their perilous expedition to Unadilla in 1777, and acted as interpreter at an interview between Brant and the gallant old German, on that occasion. He was also interpre- ter for Sullivan, and in that capacity served in the great Indian campaign of 1779, accompanying the army in their march through a howling wilderness, and hostile country, to the valley of the Genesee, where his daughter and son-in law subsequent- ly settled and died. My informant, Mr. Scott, of Mohawk, in Montgomery county, alluded particularly to his skill as a marksman, having been his companion in many a hunt. He also spoke with great fluency, all the dialects of the Iroquois, besides having a knowledge of many western tongues. Soon after the close of the Revolu- tionary war, while in a forest that bordered the Mohawk, he was the unseen spectator of a murder, perpetrated by a Mohawk, known as Saucy Nick -the victim being un- conscious, at the time he received the fatal blow, of an enemy being in the neighbor- hood. After he returned to his home, he saddled a horse for the purpose of procuring process for the Indian's arrest. On his way to the magistrate's office, a few miles dis- tant - he stopped at a public house, observing Saucy Nick standing on the steps, and wishing a close watch to be kept on the murderer's movements. After the necessary
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warning had been given, he was about to leave, when Saucy Nick importuned him to treat, and insisted that Mr. Wemple should drink with him.
To lull the Indian's suspicious, which he thought had been forcibly aroused, he drank with him, and mounted his horse ; he had been in the saddle but a few minutes, when he was attacked with a severe pain, and a sense of mortal sickness. With difficulty he dismounted, and was assisted to a bed. His tongue swelled until it protruded from his mouth, and the next day, after indescribable agony, he died.
It was generally believed by his neighbors and friends, that the Indian had had secret intelligence of the design to arrest him, and adroitly drugged, with some subtle poison, the liquor of his unsuspecting victim. The murderer effected his escape, and joined his tribe in Canada. Hendrick Wemple, was buried close to Oneida Castle, on the north side of the turnpike, about one mile from Skenandoah's residence.
In his life time he claimed a large portion of territory, afterwards bought by Judge Cooper, of Cooperstown, and embracing some of the best lands of Otsego county. He was a descendant of Hendrick Wemple, one of the original proprietors of Schenec- tady - the O-no-al-i-gone of the Oneidas - and whose arms, Giles F. Yates informs me, may still be seen over the door of an old Dutch church, one of the most cherished antiquities of the city. His name is not out of place in this local work.
He was a transient resident in this region previous to the Revolution, and many of his descendants are now residents of the Genesee country.
[NO. 6.]
OLIVER PHELPS' SPEECHI TO THE INDIANS, IN ANSWER TO THEIR . COMPLAINTS.
I wish in a friendly manner, to state to you the particulars of our bargain : - When I arrived at Buffalo creek, O'Bail, (Cornplanter,) had leased all your country to Liv- ingston and Benton. I had bought that lease of Livingston, but I found you were dissatisfied, and not willing to give up your country. Although I had power to have confirmed that lease and have held your lands, yet I would not have anything to do with your lands without your voluntary consent. I therefore, to remove the lease out of the way, and set your minds at ease, bought so much of it of Livingston as covered the Seneca lands, and gave up the lease to you, making it all void ; so that all the Seneca lands was yours. So that by my means you got your whole country back again. I then came forward with a speech to you, requesting to purchase a part of your country. You was not willing to sell so much as I wanted, but after a long time we agreed on the lines.
Brothers, you remember we set up all night. It was almost morning before we agreed on the boundaries. After breakfast we returned to agree on the price you should have. Capt. O'Bail said he was willing to take the same proportion for the Seneca lands, that Livingston was to pay for the whole.
[Mr. Phelps recapitulated the terms of the bargain as fixed by the referees, and cited the testimony of those present, in confirmation of his statement.]
After some consideration yon agreed to the terms proposed, but insisted that I must add some cattle and some rum, to which I agreed. Brothers, you know there was a great many people there ; they all tell alike; they all tell one story.
Now, brothers, I do not want to contend with you. I am an honest man. If you go to New England and enquire my character, you will not find me such a rogue as
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you represent me to be. I mean to fulfill my engagement to you. I now owe you one thousand dollars for two years rent,* which I am willing to pay at any time, and at any place you wish.
[NO. 7.] JEMIMA WILKINSON. [FROM MANUSCRIPTS OF THOMAS MORRIS.]
" Prior to my having settled at Canandaigua, Jemima Wilkinson and her followers, had established themselves on a tract of land, purchased by them, and called the Friend's settlement. Her disciples were a very orderly, sober, industrious, and some of them, a well edneated and intelligent set of people ; and many of them possessed of handsome properties. She called herself the Universal Friend, and would not permit herself to be designated by any other appellation. She pretended to have had revelations from heaven, in which she had been directed to devote her labors to the conversion of sinners. Her disciples placed the most unbounded, confidence in her and yielded in all things, the most implicit obedience to her mandates. She would punish those among them, who were guilty of the slightest deviation from her orders ; in some instances, she would order the offending culprit to wear a cow bell round his neck for weeks, or months, according to the nature of the offence, and in no in- stance was she known to have been disobeyed. For some offence, committed by one of her people, she banished him to Nova Scotia, for three years, where he went, and from whence he returned only after the expiration of his sentence. When any of her people killed a calf or a sheep, or purchased an article of dress, the Friend was asked what portion of it she would have, and the answer would sometimes be, that the Lord hath need of the one half, and sometimes that the Lord hath need of the whole. Her house, her grounds, and her farms, were kept in the neatest order by her followers, who, of course, labored for her without compensation. She was attended by two young women, always neatly dressed. Those who acted in that capacity, and enjoyed the most of her favored confidence, at the time I was there, were named Sarah Rich- ards and Rachel Malin. Jemima prohibited her followers from marrying ; and even those who had joined her after having been united in wedlock, were made to sepa- rate, and live apart from each other. This was attributed to her desire to inherit the the property of those who died.
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