USA > New York > Monroe County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming. To which is added, a Supplement, or Extension of the pioneer history of Monroe county > Part 51
USA > New York > Allegany County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming > Part 51
USA > New York > Livingston County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming. To which is added, a Supplement, or Extension of the pioneer history of Monroe county > Part 51
USA > New York > Yates County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming. To which is added, a Supplement, or Extension of the pioneer history of Monroe county > Part 51
USA > New York > Ontario County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming. To which is added, a Supplement, or Extension of the pioneer history of Monroe county > Part 51
USA > New York > Wyoming County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming. To which is added, a Supplement, or Extension of the pioneer history of Monroe county > Part 51
USA > New York > Steuben County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming. To which is added, a Supplement, or Extension of the pioneer history of Monroe county > Part 51
USA > New York > Genesee County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming. To which is added, a Supplement, or Extension of the pioneer history of Monroe county > Part 51
USA > New York > Wayne County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming. To which is added, a Supplement, or Extension of the pioneer history of Monroe county > Part 51
USA > New York > Orleans County > History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve; embracing the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston, Yates, Steuben, most of Wayne and Allegany, and parts of Orleans, Genesee, and Wyoming. To which is added, a Supplement, or Extension of the pioneer history of Monroe county > Part 51
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* The authenticity of this speech of Lord Dorchester is denied by Chief Justice Marshall, and Mr. Sparks, in his Life and Correspondence of Washington, notes that denial without dissent. Hence it has been received as spurious, and Lord Dorchester. with his Government, has escaped the responsibility of having uttered such an un- warrantable document. The first copy was forwarded to President Washington by Governor Clinton, who did not doubt its genuineness. Neither did the President ; since, in his letter to Governor Clinton, acknowledging its receipt, he states his reasons at large for dissenting from the opinions of those who were proclaiming it to be spurious. On the contrary, he declared that he entertained " not a doubt of its authenticity." Equally strong was he in the opinion, that in making such a speech, Lord Dorchester had spoken the sentiments of the British Cabinet, according to his instructions. On the 20th of May, the attention of the British Minister, Mr. Hammond, was called to the subject by the Secretary of State, Edmund Randolph, who remonstrated strongly, not only against the speech, but against the conduct of Governor Simcoe, who was then engaged in measures of a hostile character. Mr. Hammond replied on the 22d of May, rather tartly ; and, what renders the denial of the speech by Marshall and Sparks the more singular, is the fact, that the British Minister said in that letter :- " I am willing to admit the authenticity of the speech."-[ See T. B. Wait & Son's Edition of American State Papers, vol. 1, pages 449-453.] " But if doubt has existed be- fore, as to the genuine character of that document, it shall no longer exist. I have myself transcribed the preceding extracts from a certified manuscript copy, discovered among the papers of Joseph Brant in my possession."-Author of Life of Brant.
NOTE .- If confirmation, other than that furnished by Col. Stone, is required, the papers of Gen. Israel Chapin will supply it. As superintendent of Indian affairs in this region, Gen. Chapin obtained authentic information of the extraordinary speech of Lord Dorchester a few days after it was delivered .- AUTHOR.
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gagement with the Indians, that the action commenced in what is called the Glaize, and that he had defeated and completely routed the Indians, and drove them six or seven miles down the Miami of the Lakes, below the Fort at the rapids, built by the British, and that as he passed by the Fort he demanded it, but the officer in command of it, refused to comply with his request, and he passed on without giving any dam- age to the Fort. Some said there was 100 Indians, some 150, some 60 and 35 killed and taken, and that the loss on Wayne's side was very great, two or three hundred. But the best information, and what I most depended on was, I lodged at what is called the Chippewa Fort, at the head of the Great Falls, at the head of the carrying place, and I overheard a Mr. Powell, who had just arrived from Detroit, relating to the officer the news of that country, and among the rest he told him he thought there was eighty or ninety Indians and white people lost in all ; he said also there was no dependence to be put in the Militia of Detroit, for when Wayne was in the country they refused doing duty in the Fort. Gov. Simcoe had called out all the Militia of the country about Niagara, it was said to man the posts through or to send up to De- troit, but upon hearing that Gen. Wayne had returned back to his Forts, some were discharged, some deserted, and about sixty were kept in Barraeks, so that every thing seemed to be suspended for the present. I from Niagara Fort proceeded on to the head of Lake Ontario, about twenty miles from Capt. Brant's settlement, at which place I got certain information that Capt. Brant had set off some days past for De- troit. At this place I also found he had wrote you a letter the day he started, and that a Dr. Carr had it, which I afterwards contrived to get. It was said Brant's object was to meet the Southern Indians at Detroit, though I believe he has taken 150 or 200 warriors with him, but his object will be known in a future day. I returned by Ni- agara and Buffalo creek. I was told at Niagara, that Gen. Simcoe would set off for Detroit in a day or two to meet Capt. Brant and the other Indians, and to strengthen the Fort at the Miami. The 13th instant Simcoe arrived at Fort Erie opposite Buffalo creek, and Col. MeKay from Detroit met him there. The day following the Indians from Buffalo creek were called over to council with them. Simcoe there told thom when he was going, and that he was going to make his forts strong, and to put more men in them, that if Wayne should return, he would not be able to injure them, that the fort at the Rapids was not strong, nor but a few men in it when Gen. Wayne came past it, but that he now should make it very strong, and put a great many men in it, so that he would be able to protect the Indians for the future ; he told them the Indians had lost but thirty-five warriors, and five or six white men in the last engage- ment with Wayne, but that Wayne had lost a great many, two or three hundred men supposed, and that he would not have drove them, only the Indians were not collec- ted. This it seems was the news Col. Mckay brought, but times would soon alter, for the Indians were collecting from all quarters, and from all nations, that a greater force was already collected, and they were coming in daily, and that he observed Capt. Brant was gone with a number of warriors, and that the destination of the Indians was to give Wayne a decisive stroke, and drive them out of the country. This I was told by one of the Indians who was at the council. The next day Simcoe and Mckay sailed for Detroit. After this council I saw Red Jacket, and he informed me that the Indians would all go to the treaty at Canandaigua, that the next day they would go into council among themselves, and agree upon the time they should start, and where to meet you, and in two days time they should send off runners to let you know, but that there was not the least doubt but all the Indians would attend, but my opinion is it will be fifteen or twenty days before they all collect. I cannot perceive any differ-
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ence in the Indians at Buffalo creek, they appear as friendly as ever, and I do not think they wish a disturbance with the United States, were it not for the British. As to Brant, although he is now gone away to the South, and will not attend the treaty and every appearance is hostile, yet I cannot but entertain favorable ideas of his con- duet and peaceable wishes towards the United States ; he acts open and candid and the part he is now acting, it appears to me, he is rather forced into it by the British, and the promises he has made to them Southern Indians heretofore, though I cannot but think from the conversation I have had with him some time past, and what I have heard in many other places, but that his real wish and desire is that a peace might be brought about between the United States, and all the Indian nations, and that although he now acts in the capacity of a warrior, that he would be as willing to take hold of the olive branch of peace, as the bloody tomahawk.
I am, Sir with respect, your most obt. and most humble servt., WM. EWING.
[NO. 16.]
UNPUBLISHED REMINISCENCES OF RED JACKET.
"Many years ago," says Thomas Maxwell, Esq., of Elmira, "in conversation with Red Jacket at Bath, after a little fire water had thawed his reserve, the chief remark- ed, that when a boy, he was present at a great council fire held on the Shenandoah. Many nations were represented by their wise men and orators, but the greatest was Logan, who had removed from the territory of his tribe to Shemokin. He was the son of Shikelleimus, a celebrated chief of the Cayuga nation, who was a warm friend of the whites before the Revolution. On the occasion alluded to, Red Jacket remark- ed, that he was so charmed with his manner and style of delivery, that he resolved to attain if possible, the same high standard of eloquence; though he almost despaired of equaling his distinguished model.
He said that after his return to his then home, at Kanadesaga, near Geneva, he sometimes incurred the reproofs and displeasure of his mother, by long absence from her cabin without any ostensible cause. When hard pressed for an answer he inforin- ed his mother that he had been playing Logan."
Thus in his mighty soul, the fire of a generous emulation had been kindled not to go out, until his oratorical fame threw a refulgent glory on the deelining fortunes of the once formidable Iroquois. In the deep and silent forest he practiced elocution, or to use his own expressive language, played Logan, until he caught the manner and tone of his great master. What a singular revelation ! Unconsciously the forest ora- tor was an imitator of the eloquent Greek, who tuned his voice on the wild sea beach, to the thunders of the surge, and caught from nature's altar his lofty inspiration.
Not without previous preparation, and the severest discipline, did Red Jacket acquire his power of moving and melting his hearers. His graceful attitudes, significant gestures, perfect intonation, and impressive pauses, when the lifted finger and flashing eye told more than utterance, were the results of sleepless toil ; while his high acquire- ment, was the product of stern, habitual thought, study of man, and keen observation of eternal nature.
He did not trust to the occasion alone for his finest periods, and noblest metaphors. In the armory of his capacious intellect the weapons of forensic warfare had been pre- riously polished and stored away. Ever ready for the unfaltering tongue, was the cut-
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ting rebuke, or apt illustration. Let not the superficial candidate for fame in Senate halls, suppose for a moment, that Sa-go-ye-wat-ha, "The Keeper Awake," was a speaker who sprung up fully equipped for debate, without grave meditation, and cun- ning anticipation of whatever an adversary might advance, or maintain.
By labor, like all other great men, persevering labor, too - he achieved his renown. A profound student, though unlettered, he found " books in the running brooks, ser- mons in stones." By exercising his faculties in playing Logan when a boy, - one of the highest standards of mortal eloquence, either in ancient or modern times - he has left a lesson to all ambitious aspirants, that there is no royal road to greatness ; that the desired goal is only to be gained by scaling rugged cliffs, and trading painful paths.
[NO. 17.] CAPT. BRUFF'S LETTER.
"NIAGARA, Sept., 1797.
"DR. Sir : - Recent information, not to be disguised, assures us that emmissaries have been among the Indians residing within the territorial limits of the United States, to engage them in hostile enterprises against the posts, and from a combination of circumstances, it is feared that they have been too successful.
" Accounts from Detroit say that the Indians there are very surly, and have planted no crops ; that numbers have gone over the Mississippi, and that others have collected in bodies near the posts St. Josephs, Mackinaw, and other points, whose views are unknown, but must be apprehended. That the French inhabitants of the post St. Vincent have revolted, taken the national cockade, and declared for France and Spain. That the attachment of these at Detroit, cannot be much relied upon. That the Spaniards have not yet given up the posts, but are collected in force, high up the Mis- sisalari. These menacing appearances ; the hostile messages to the western Indians, theirs to the Seven Nations of Canada, and theirs to the Six Nations; the doubtful disposition of the latter towards us; the admonition of the Secretary of War in his last communication, "to use the same precautions as if the United States were actually at war ;" with the remembrance of the deep laid schemes of Pontiac ; are sufficient to put us on our guard, if not to alarm us, on account of our present reduced numbers, and the distance from which we are to look for succor. For provided the Indians and those that set them on, are politic, they may so manage the attack upon the posts on either side, that the other would hesitate about giving aid that might involve the nation in an Indian war.
For some weeks past, our neighbors, the Tuscaroras, have been very shy ; the few that have visited us are distant. There are at present about fifty warriors of Chippewa and Ottawa nations on the opposite shore, and a large number are expected in a few days; ostensibly to hold a council with the Governor about supplies. Those already arrived have been importunate for arms and ammunition, and I understand have ob- tained a gun each."
[Capt. Bruff closes his long letter with some account of the indefensible condition of Fort Niagara, and suggestions to as keeping watch of the Indians, and other precau- tionary measures.]
[NO. 18.]
On his return to England, John B. Church having been a decided partizan in the
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Revolution, and moreover, having connected himself by marriage, with so notorious a "rebel" family as the Schuylers, found himself not in repute with the high tory par- ty, and had especially the disfavor of his patron uncle. Fortunately, however, the American adventurer was as independent in his purse as in his politics, and soon grew in favor with Fox and Pitt, and their party. He was elected a member of the British Parliament, from Wendover, warmly espoused the liberal party, and adhered to Mr. Fox, when it was said in decision that "his party could go to the House of Commons in a hackney coach."
The country residence of the family was but four miles from Windsor Castle, and the family physician was the physician of George the Third. Long before it transpir- ed publicly, the physician informed Mr. and Mrs. Church of the King's aberration of mind, and he did not hesitate, confidentially, to attribute the developement of heredita- ry tendency, to the loss of American Colonies.
The house of Mr. Church in London was a frequent resort of Fox and Pitt ; of pro- minent Americans who visited London ; and on the breaking out of the French Rev- olution, when the refugees fled to London, he had as guests, Talleyrand, and many of his companions, with most of whom he had become acquainted in America and Paris. Judge Church speaks of the happy faculty of the French to be gay and light hearted even in the darkest hours of adversity. The men who had fled from what M. A. Thiers calls the "Sanguinary Republic of '93" - from the rack and the guillotine - statesmen and courtiers - stripped of their possessions and dependent upon the purses of their friends for the means of subsistence ; were yet cheerful and seemingly happy, seeking amusements, and endeavoring to make dull and smoky London as gay as their own devoted capital had been.
In Paris, Judge Church had made the acquaintance of Talleyrand, and it was by means of the assistance he rendered him that the refugee Minister was enabled to reach this country, when the British Ministers had ordered him to leave London in twenty- four hours. Afterwards, when he had returned to Paris, and was flourishing again under a new dynasty, he remembered the kindness, but the demonstrations of his gratitude were marked with the peculiar characteristics of the man. John Church, a son of his benefactor, having taken up his residence in Paris, received from him a general invitation to all his evening parties, and besides, an invitation that at his weekly dinners there was always a "knife, fork, and plate for him." This had continned for a while, when the welcome guest, discovered that some change had come over his host ;- coldness and reserve had taken the place of cordial welcomes. An explanation followed. One evening as Mr. Church entered his apartments, Talleyrand beckoned him to a deep window recess and whispered :- " Mr. Church, I am always happy to see you, but you must not feel unpleasantly if I pay no attention to you ; I am so watched that I cannot be civil to any person from England or America." The anecdote will be adjudged in good keeping with the whole character of the man.
Judge Church relates many anecdotes which illustrates the ill feeling that prevailed in England, after the Revolution, and especially pending the Jay treaty, to every thing that was American. His school-fellows at Eaton, were generally the sons of the nobility, and of high tory blood, and their boy partizanship could hardly tolerate the sentiments of a representative of the disenthralled colonies. French politics was soon introduced, and the young American, following the lead of his father, was inclined to be a French republican ; manifesting upon one occasion a little exultation over the fate of Louis XVI, he provoked the bitterest resentments of his school-fellows.
When the family left London, in '97, there was employed about the King's home- stead, a young Frenchman, in the capacity of a cook or confectioner. He had made
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himself obnoxious to the tories by his ultra French republicanism, and would sing snatches of French revolutionary ballads, in the very precinets of royalty, and at the ale houses. Some official of the King's household quietly arranged his employment by Mr .. Church, and he came to America with his family ; afterwards, establishing himself as a confectioner in New York. He was the father of Godey, the founder of Godey's Maga- zine, in Philadelphia.
Most readers are familiar with the attempt of Dr. Bollman and Huger to release La Fayette from the prison of Olmutz. The daring adventurers reaching London, made acquaintance of John B. Church, who had known La Fayette when a guest at his fath- er-in-law's house, in Albany, in other places during the Revolution, and afterwards in Paris and London ; and feeling a lively interest in the project for his release, he at once seconded it ; in his house, in London, the plan was matured, and he contributed means for prosecuting it .*
Judge Philip Church bears upon his person a relic of the Border Wars of the Revolu- tion ; a slight scar upon his forehead ; connected with which is an interesting historical reminiscence, different versions of which have already been incorporated in history. In August, 1797, a scheme was devised by Sir Frederick Haldimand, the British comman- der, in Canada, to secure Gen. Schuyler at Albany, and by getting possession of him, remove the powerful influence he was exercising against the success of the banded British tories and Indians. John Waltemeyer, a tory refugee was entrusted with the command of the expedition. With a gang of tories, Canadians and Indians, he crossed the St. Lawrence, and reached the pine plains between Albany and Schenectady, where they lurked about for several days until they could ascertain the precise position of General Schuyler's mansion, which stood upon the banks of the Hudson, about three- fourths of a mile from the then settled portions of Albany. Attempts having been previously made upon his life, he had a good supply of arms, and a pretty strong body guard of servants. He had beside reliable information that Waltemeyer and his party were in the neighborhood, and well imagined their errand.
With reference to defence, the house was so arranged, that at night the only access was in the rear, and that was barred by an iron gate, which was kept locked. Sit- ting with his numerous family in the main hall, in a sultry evening, a servant came and informed him that a man was at the gate wishing to speak to him. In reply to the question as to where the man came from, the servant replied that he " thought he came down the hill from the woods." The moment the General heard this, he ordered all the lights to be extinguished, the servants to arm themselves, and the family to retreat to the garret. Unfortunately, Mrs. John B. Church, the day previous, seeing that her
*When La Fayette visited Rochester in his American tour, a member of the commit- tee of reception was introducing the ladies as they one after another, in quick succession, presented themselves. In the crowd was a daughter of Judge Church. As she approached, La Fayette addressed the committee man, saying : - "Sir, you need not introduce this young lady, she is a descendant of my old friend Angelica Schuyler :" [wife of Gen. Philip Schuyler, ] at the same time advancing and shaking her cordially by the hand. This was the recognition of a family resemblance after the lapse of over forty years ! This is almost incredible, and yet the author witnessed in the Nation's guest, similar instances of his extraordinary recognition of persons, and family resem- blances. In a letter to Judge Church, dated at La Grange, in 1826, he alludes to the circumstance : - " Happy I am in the opportunity to remind you of the old friend of your beloved parents ; to present my respects to Mrs. Church, doubly dear to my most precious recollections ; and to your amiable daughter whom a friendly image engraved on my heart, made me recognize before she was named to me.
Your affectionate friend,
LA FAYETTE."
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infant son, (the present Judge P. Church) was meddling with the muskets, had them removed to a back closet or entry. Gen. Schuyler, looking out at the window, saw that his house was surrounded by armed men, and immediately posted himself with the servants at the foot of the stairs, with the best defences they could lay their hands on ; resolved at least to protect the family. The banditti soon forced an entrance into the house. At this juncture, Miss Margaret Schuyler, (afterwards the wife of Gene Stephen Van Rensselear,) discovered that her infant sister had been left asleep in a cradle upon the ground floor. Rushing down stairs, and passing her father, against his remonstrances, she seized the child and was passing the beseigers, when Waltemeyer mistaking her for a servant maid, demanded of her-" Where is your master ?" "Gone to call the guard," she replied with great presence of mind, as she made a safe retreat with the child. Presuming that the chief object of the visit had escaped, they com- menced plundering the house, and were in the dining room securing the plate. Three of the servants had possessed themselves of arms, and Gen. Schuyler having his side arms, as good a resistance was made as their strength would admit, but the superior force finally obliged all to retreat to the upper rooms of the house. Waltemeyer and his party pur- sued, and just as they were about to make prisoners of the whole family, Gen. Schuy- Ier hit upon an ingenious and successful expedient. Suddenly raising a window, as if a host had come to his rescue, hallowing out to the evening air, in a loud voice, there were no friends to hear : - " My friends, my friends, quickly, surround the house and let not one of the rascals escape !" The banditti were panic stricken, ran down stairs, sweep- ing the silver from the side board as they passed, and hurrying off with them in their retreat to the woods as captives two slaves, - the first armed rescue perhaps, of " per- sons held to service," that ever transpired in this State. No one was killed in the melce ; Waltemeyer received a slight wound from a pistol shot of Gen. Schuyler, a servant was slightly wounded. The slight injury of the child, named in the introduc- tion, was had in the hurried retreat to the garret.
The failure of Gen. Schuyler to bring to his aid any of the then few citizens of the village of Albany, was owing to a most ingenious contrivance of Waltemeyer. During his ambush in the woods, he had come across a woman, whom he bribed to precede him in his attack and report, in the village that there was a dead man in the woods, off in another direction from Gen. Schuyler's house. The trick succeeded. When the alarm was given the men of the village were away searching for the dead man.
In his retreat, Waltemeyer and his party took General Gordon from his bed, at Ballston, and carried him to Canada.
NOTE. - The author gives the account form memorandums taken in conversation with Judge Church. He had the account from his mother in 1825. The relation does uot vary materially from the account of Col. Stone, in his Life of Brant ; except that he states that in addition to the servants of the house, Gen. Schuyler had a body guard of six men, three of whom were on duty. Col. S. gives their names, and says that Gen. Schuyler afterwards gave each of them a farm in Saratoga county. Gen Schuy- ler died in 1805.
A writer in the Albany Express, a few years since, speaking of the old Schuyler mansion in Albany, says : - "Here also the illustrious Hamilton, woed and won the daughter of its hospitable proprietor, that venerable and excellent woman, who still lives in the full enjoyment of her intellectual faculties, one of the few remnants of the Revolutionary age. Another daughter of Gen. Schuyler, a lady of great beauty and accomplishments, was also married in this house, to John B. Church, of London, who came out to this country during the Revolution. Among its illustrious guests have been : - Washington, La Fayette, Louis Phillipe, Lord Sterling, Talleyrand, Chaute- briand, and Chastelleux,"
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