USA > Ohio > Cuyahoga County > Cleveland > A history of Cleveland, Ohio, Volume I > Part 35
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* August 1, 1818.
-
Whig Ticket.
JACKSON TICKET.
Senator,
Jonathan D. Maris Clermont.
ANDREW DONNALLY, -
Sınır 1 Caldww. 1. Warren.
Mak T. Mills, Dark
Representative, WM. PITT PUTNAM,
Rotu it D Forsman .. Green.
3 -. pl, J. W'D .... 4. Highland.
Vienne K Her. Pukmony.
Auditor, ROBERT CRAWFORD,
Jan Humphreys, Washington.
Alexander EDv- Kmix
John Chaney . Fairfield.
Treasurer,
Alexander M' well, Morgan.
AMOS DUNHAM,
Michael Moore. Harrison.
Assessor,
E .. Baldwin, Trumbull.
JOHN BROWN.
G-1gr Marshall, Richland.
Benjamin Tappan, Jefferson.
Commissioner,
John. M. Goodenow. Hanullon.
EBENEZER BATTELLE,
Jonathan Cilly,
G. g. Sharp, Belmont.
Surreyor,
BENJAMIN F. STONE,
William S. Tracy, Grauga.
Jeremiah M'Lene, Franklin.
Prosecuting Attorney,
ARIUS NYE. -
ELECTORAL TICKET FOR
John Q. Adams, President. ANDREW' JACKSON, Vice-Pres't.
Calvin Pease, Trumbull county.
do
Elisha Hotchkiss,
Warren
do
Francis Dunlavy,
Miami
do
Asa Coleman,
Champaign
do
William H. Harrison, of Hamilton Co.
-
Abraham Shepard,
Ross
do.
Thomas Kirker. of . Adams do.
S. R. Holcombe,
Gallia
do
James Heaton, of Butter do.
Nathaniel M'Lcan,
Fairfield
do
Michael Garrahty,
Belmont
do
William Kendall, of Scioto
do.
--
Ephraim Quinby,
Trumbulldo
James Caldwell, of Belmont
do.
David Sloane, of Jefferson
do.
Samuel Coulter, of Stark
do.
Solomon Kingsbury, of Geauga
do.
Ebenezer Merry, of Huron
do.
James Cooley, of Champaign do.
Jumes Steele, of Montgomery
do.
Jotru Bigger, of Warren
From originais in Western Reserve Historical Society
A GROUP OF OLD PRESIDENTIAL TICKETS These are printed on ordinary paper, before party ensignias made their appearance. Note the quotation from Clay's speech on the Clay ticket.
OHIO ELECTORAL TICKET- FOR
HENRY CLAY, PRESIDENT. and NATHAN SANFORD, Vice-President. "America will be independent, when she a- dopts an Imerican Policy."-Clay's Speech.
FOR ELECTORS.
John Wallace, .
Brown
do
William M.Farland, of Ross do.
John Woodbridge, '
Franklin do
Henry Brown, of Franklin do.
Ebenezer Buckingham, Jr. of Muskingum do.
Henry Howard,
do
John M'Laughlin. Jefferson
do
Thomas M' Millan. Wayne
William Skinner, of Washington do.
Almon Ruggles. Huron
Hamilton do
Alexander Campbell, Brown
. do.
Fisher A. Blocksoni, Columbiana.
J hn Larwill. Wayne.
275
HISTORY OF CLEVELAND
ful wiles which have been used by certain persons in said county in order to bring into nomination characters to represent you whom we will not support." Alfred Kelley, Cleveland's first lawyer, and later one of the influential men of the city, was one of the signers of this outspoken letter, which after all produced no lasting impression.
On November 30, 1827, a meeting of the citizens was held in the old Academy "in pursuance of a public notice for the purpose of appointing delegates to attend the general convention at Columbus to form an electoral ticket favorable to the present administration." Leonard Case was the chairman, John W. Willson, Alfred Kelley, Samuel Cowles and Reuben Wood, the delegates. It was ordered that "the proceedings be published in a newspaper." Thus the most eminent men in the town were enlisted in the convention plan.
The nominating of candidates for president was still by haphazard and the aristocratic congressional caucus. In January, 1824, we read that a meeting was held at Wooster for nominating a president but it ended in chaos. One was held in Columbus the same month (January) called by Clinton's friends and one in Chardon, which "nominated" Clinton and Jackson. These informal con- ventions were not composed of regularly chosen delegates. They were really mass meetings and were called by the friends of the prominent candidates in multitudes of towns for crystallizing public sentiment.
But the convention system was not without its enemies. Its weaknesses were early apparent. In 1830 the "Herald" calls it the "sickly system from New York of conventional nominations" and complains that it lends itself to boss rule. There was quite a tempest when in 1840 a general committee tried to fix the number of delegates from each township. Every one believed he had a right to participate in conventions.
As the issues of the bank, of internal improvements, and most of all, of slavery, became tense and vital, the parties began to close ranks and informality ceased. Then the convention named committees who were in power the entire year as the directors or trustees of the partisans. At first there was only a county committee, but later a city organization, and in 1853 ward meetings and ward committees were organized and ward caucuses held to name delegates to the county conventions. When the wards grew unwieldly, ward captains and pre- cinct committees were named and these today form the powerful machinery that, after all, governs us.
In 1909 the state primary law went into effect. It is the latest attempt made by the state to free elections of the thraldom of the party boss and to compel civic interest in the laggard, whose indifference is the source of most of our public woes.
In 1894 a civic federation was organized to scrutinize candidates for office and aid voters in selecting candidates. In 1896 this organization became the "Municipal Association" that has since exercised continuous vigilance over civic affairs. It comprised from the first many of the ablest public spirited citizens in the community.
276
HISTORY OF CLEVELAND
CHAPTER XXVIII.
PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNS AND IMPORTANT POLITICAL MOVEMENTS.
When Cleveland was founded, New England was the Federalists' strong- hold. The Reserve and Marietta, for many years were the only parts of the state with federalist tendencies. The war of 1812 killed federalism and created the dual republicanism of Jackson and Clay. The war was the result of the lead- ership of the new west under Clay. It supplanted the old anti-federalist leaders with new men from the new country and transformed Jeffersonianism into re- publicanism or democracy, as it was alternately called. The Reserve followed in the wake of these changes. Its earliest politicians of note had been lukewarm in their conservatism and the federalists soon ceased to be a party. The "Herald" was first published in 1819 and was charged with being a federalist paper. The third issue of the paper impales this odious implication. "A rumor has been widely circulated that the "Herald" is a federal paper. We should pass it un- noticed were it not calculated to make an erroneous impression upon such as have had no opportunity to inform themselves. The injury intended will recoil upon its authors." It was evidently unpopular to be branded a federalist. Four years later the following appeared in the "Herald:" "Obituary. Died, in this state, on Monday, the 7th inst. at a prime age, but full of infirmities, Mrs. Federalism, rel- ict of the Hon. Essex Junto, deceased. The probable cause of her death was a severe cold, taken at Hartford, in the year 1814. She has been paralytic and occasionally insane for many years, but her life was prolonged by bathing in the pure brooks of this climate. Her last moments were embittered by severe convulsions. Requiescat in Pace."
When the "era of good feeling" came to a violent close in 1824 by the bitter contest for the succession to Monroe, the whigs and democrats became definitely aligned, with Clay and Jackson as the heroes of the new partisans.
The anti-masonic movement reached Cleveland in 1829. In Geauga county the anti-masons elected their ticket in 1833.
In the Van Buren campaign of 1836 there was no national organized opposi- tion to Van Buren, but the whigs in Cleveland voted for William Henry Harri- son. The vote in the county gave Harrison 2,529 and Van Buren 1,694. The following year the fatal panic of 1837 added wormwood to the gall and in the local elections the Van Buren or "Anti Bank" men resorted to the "split ticket" strategem. The "Gazette," the whig paper, refused to exchange with "The Ad- vertiser," the Van Buren organ, because it claimed the latter had violated the newspaper code of honor by calling the whigs "silk stockings" and other names, and had violently insisted on partisanship in local matters. "The Gazette" made a strong plea for nonpartisanship in village elections, perhaps the first one in the newspaper annals of the town. There should be "only one principle, im- provements ; only one issue, good men for the place." There were 914 votes cast and the whig majority was 196. The following year the Van Buren men were called "Loco Focos," a term applied to them first in New York, where in a
THE UNION OF THE WHIGS FOR THE SAKE OF THE UNION.
Flag of the Tree! its folds shall fr. The sign of hope aod ir umph high.
POR PLESIDINT. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON.
POR VICE PRESIDENT. JOHN TYLER.
FOR GOVERNOR. THOMAS CORWIN.
FOR PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS. SANATORIAL F1.FCTURB.
W'w. R. Frrxam. of Washi gton Co.
RENSIN I FALL .. of Wayne Co.
Sal ALEXANDER MAHEW of Hainilt.n. 21 WANKY HARTKR. of Preble.
On motion, Resolved, That the next meeting of the Tippecanoe Club be hel .. at the Log Cabin, on Saturday evening. April 11th, at 7 o'clock, and that subse- quently the regular meetings of the Club be hield on the first Saturday afternoon of each month, at 2 o'clock.
On motion, Resolved, that the Com
mittee appointed at the last meeting autain signatures to the Consti called upon by the Executiv
w report at next meeting
Os motion, the club ad
J. M. HOY T. Seoret
18th JOHN Ate USTINE, of Stark.
loth Joux JAMisox. of Ihrr.s. ..
CLEVELAND DAILY HERALD.
THURSDAY EVEN. NG. APRIL 9. 1640
PLISHYD DAILY IN THE CENTRAL. DE J. A. HARRIS.
For the Daily Herald. watisf inclin
CUYAHOGA TIPPECANOE CLUB.
At a meeting of the Whig Electors of Cuyahoga county. for the purpose of adopting & Constitution for a Count Tippecanoe Club. held April 4th. 1840. Hon. Frederick Whittlescy was called to the Chair, and J. M. Hoyt appointed Secretary. The Cons itution adopted at a preliminary meeting, having been nad, was unanimously adopted as the Constitution of the County Club, after making the following amendments, to wit: The number of Vice Presidents Wus increased to 27; the number of Re- cording Secretaries to 3; and the nuni. ber of the Executive Committee to 9.
cr
at
Seab
.I er
The
Tha
ward will thir
31 AURORA SPAPFORD Of WARN. 4th Joint a LotirTr. of Warren. hth ABRAHAM DILLY. of Clermont. Gth SAMUEL F. VINTON of Gullia. 7th JOHN J. VANMETER, of P ko. Sth AQUI.LA TUL.AND ut Med son. inh PERLEY B. JouNaux. of Morguu. I th JOHN DUNES. of Hancock. Itth (THA BRASHEAR, al Quernsey 12.h JAMES RAGTKT. of Mus .ingum 1.4th CHRIS. SS. MILL.R.R. of Lashucion. 14th JOHN CARRY. ot. Crawford. loth Davin hinc. of Med na. Jih TORM ROSA. of Genugn. 17th Jony BATTY. of . arrol.
ORGANIZATION OF TIPPECANOE CLUB ANNOUNCED
This cut of the flag was the emblem of the Whigs in the Harrison Campaign, 1840
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277
HISTORY OF CLEVELAND
turbulent meeting the lamps were put out and locofoco matches used to light the room.
In 1838 a movement was begun to name Clay again for president and on De- cember 12, the "Herald" opened its campaign for him. Clay was the idol of the Cleveland whigs. When in 1830 he had visited Columbus a committee of dis- tinguished Clevelanders went down to invite him to come here but he declined. Again in 1838 he came west as far as Buffalo and was asked to come here but his engagements forbade. The movements of Clay and Webster were eagerly fol- lowed by the papers for over twenty years, and the smallest details of their journeys were eagerly read by their enthusiastic partisans.
At the whig national convention, December, 1839, William Henry Harrison was named. The "Herald" and "Gazette" at once published Harrison and Tyler head lines, with the usual woodcut of the flag as the ensignia. The strange, im- pulsive, wild, perfervid saturnalia of political enthusiasm called the "hard cider campaign" was on. The first rally in Cleveland was held in December, 1839, nearly a year before election day. F. Whittlesey was chairman, there were some six or eight speakers and ostentatious resolutions of endorsement were passed. On the 9th of March, 1840, the west side whigs organized the Tippecanoe club of Ohio City in the old Pearl street house. They soon had a log cabin on a vacant lot on Pearl street. The Cleveland whigs on April 4, 1840, organized the "Tippecanoe club of Cuyahoga county." Frederick Whittlesey was its president, J. M. Hoyt, secretary, and A. W. Walworth, treasurer. On a vacant lot next to the American House a log cabin was built. It was thirty-five by fifty feet, a rival of the first courthouse in size, could hold seven hundred people, the news- papers say, had coon skins on the wall, a latch string on the door and plenty of hard cider in the barrel. 1
"Harrison medallions" and "Harrison letter paper" were advertised for sale by merchants. "Harrison songs," decidedly original, were published by the score, and "log cabin poetry" was printed in almost every issue of the whig papers, making earnest of Van Buren's "palace furniture," giving grotesque descrip- tions of his luxurious life in the White house and exploiting his "standing army of two hundred thousand office holders."
On June 13, General Harrison stopped in Cleveland on his way home from the great celebration at Fort Meigs. It was not known that he intended to come here until the day before, so word could be sent only to the townsfolk and the nearby farmers. The Cleveland Greys met him at the wharf and escorted him to the American House, whither he "repaired on foot." He spoke for an hour from the balcony of the hotel to several thousand people, whom he seems to have impressed with his plainness and earnestness. The windows of the hotel were filled with ladies and many sat in the wagons that formed a gallery on the outer verge of the crowd. The General remained here over Sunday and on Mon- day morning went to Ohio City and then to Akron by canal, a number of Cleve- land gentlemen accompanying him.
On August 25, 1840, the whigs had their great meeting. Tom Corwin the "wagon boy" and Thomas Ewing, the "salt boiler" and Francis Granger of New York, were the orators. Corwin was a great favorite. He was met four miles
1 See "Herald," April 8, 1840, for description.
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278
HISTORY OF CLEVELAND
west of the city by an escort on horseback and in wagons, the Tippecanoe club and the Cleveland Grey's band. Cannons announced his approach and the windows of Superior street residences and stores were filled with ladies waving flags of welcome. It seems as if the whole county had poured into town. At 2 o'clock the speaking began. The crowd was massed in the vacant lots adjoining the American house and from the iron balcony Corwin spoke two hours and twenty minutes. The "Herald" says it was a great meeting, "not one intoxi- cated person seen" during the whole day.
The local forecast gave Harrison only a small majority of about fourteen electoral votes. The surprise was genuine when Corwin, the whig candidate for governor, carried the county by 1,065 in the October election, and the whig land- slide gave Harrison 234 electoral votes. Van Buren only received sixty. Har- rison's majority in Cleveland was 308 and in the county 1,289. This was the oc- casion for a mammoth celebration November 19, which "in a very fitting man- ner" brought this campaign of songs, barbecues and parades to a close.
In 1844 Clay was a candidate against Polk. The whigs opened the "Clay club house" on Water street near Superior, as campaign headquarters. It was a one story building whitewashed on the outside. The whigs opened the cam- paign with a great mass meeting on March 15th. Delegations were present from all over the Reserve, joining in a big parade with banners and bands from every county. The afternoon meeting was held on an open lot on Euclid street near Erie. Elisha Whittlesey presided and read letters from Webster, Clay, Fill- more and Seward. A democratic meeting was held the 25th of June, with David Tod candidate for governor as, the principal attraction. On August 31, the largest meeting of the year was held in the open field, corner of Erie and St. Clair streets. Cassius M. Clay spoke two hours, followed by Tom Corwin for two hours, while at the club house Joshua R. Giddings held the crowd. A torch- light parade ended the celebration. The democrats followed this with their great rally on October 3, General Cass, Thomas L. Lamar and Gansevort Melville were the orators. General Cass arrived from Elyria, escorted by the Cleveland brass band and the Light Artillery. "Citizens generally are requested to assemble on the Lake road beyond Ohio City at 9 o'clock and help form an escort. Speak- ing will commence at half past ten on the Public Square. A salute will be fired as a signal for speaking to commence." 2
Here is a favorite verse of the democrats in this campaign
"O, who would not be Of the fearless and free
Who follow the star of the tide of democracy.
With Tod, Schenk and Wright We will march to the fight
And overwhelm coons in their hard-cider-ocracy."
The turbulent fervor of the whigs gradually subsided into a mere hope and finally into deep despair as the returns slowly came in. On November 13th they still had hope but the news from western New York, showing the unexpected gain of the liberty party, cast the gloom of defeat over them. The city gave Clay only 187 majority and the county 974.
2 "Plain Dealer," October 2, 1844.
Georgin, too!
I MIE PLAIN DEALL. R.
Rickard it himself agata"
Ohio Redeemed !
A DEMOCRATH' CHIVER KOR SY
4,000 Majority !!
------.
with the President of do wood The Luca, and och we stand and how
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8. 45
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Druth and Barial
Thai Vome Hid Caạm *
Pennsylvania !
৳Pigi
stand Seghluboce bestemt
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Warrre and Limese . W.
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ile rvade Mu tera septing In fel flag
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From the original in Western Reserve Historical Society
A PAGE FROM THE "PLAIN DEALER," OCTOBER 19, 1842.
A typical election-return page of the newspapers of that day, showing some of the earli- est party symbols that still are popular-the democratic rooster and the broom. Also shows the Harrison log cabin being exploded by a democratic victory and the old coon in its death throes.
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Twice , ' H. Clive. (give
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The lote· ·· # Mall grstis 4 5 tu
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Brian Men in vie Je naal oprshe'd #
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Old Maryland !
" Swapping the way For ilrory L'iss !!!
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" wer The would bring the
..... 144
The toast vị tân hey
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TAF. TENPER UP THE PATS-
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279
HISTORY OF CLEVELAND
This was the first campaign in which any special effort was made to get the naturalized vote.
In 1848 the Mexican war gave the whigs their second successful candidate, old "Rough and Ready" Taylor. He was opposed by General Cass on the demo- cratic ticket and Martin Van Buren on the new freesoil ticket. The whigs is- sued a cheap campaign paper the "Reserve Battery," from July until election. J. A. Harris of the "Herald" was editor. The threefold campaign brought out the strength of the slavery opponents. August 12th the liberty party held their big meeting on the Square. Corwin came for the whigs September 15th and on Oc- tober 26th, William H. Seward made his first speech in Cleveland in Empire hall. General Cass stopped in Cleveland on his way home to Detroit on June 15th. He came by boat from Buffalo, was received with the usual firing of guns and es- corted to the New England hotel. He refused the carriage that was waiting for him and rode to the hotel in an omnibus. Governor Wood in introducing the general, unfortunately stated that the candidate would explain his views on slavery, public improvements and other issues of the time. The political condition of the north was such that it was wise not to speak upon these subjects and General Cass adroitly avoided the blunders of his introduction, and evaded the questions. The whigs were too watchful to let his omissions pass unnoticed .*
The election was close but the results justified a whig jubilee banquet at the Weddell house, November 2Ist and a general illumination of the Public Square.
In 1851 Reuben Wood of Cleveland was the democratic candidate for gov- ernor, opposed by Samuel F. Vinton of Gallia, whig, and Samuel Lewis of Cin- cinnati, free democrat. Wood received 1,217 votes in the city, Lewis 747 and Vinton, 740.
The campaign of 1852, when Franklin Pierce, democrat, opposed General Scott, whig, was unusually bitter. The whigs again issued a little campaign paper, the "Scott Flag." Particular efforts were made to get the German vote and the Irish vote. Partisan and even violent sectarian meetings were held in the interests of various groups. Horace Greeley spoke here in September and on September 20th General Scott himself came to Cleveland. He was escorted to the American house by the Light Artillery, the Hibernians, the German City Guard and the Yagers, a significant ethnic combination. Later the General spoke from the bal- cony of the hotel. Referring to the Great Lakes he said: "It is nearly eight years since I have been among you. Since that time your city has nearly doubled and is justly celebrated as one of the most beautiful in all the west." An Irishman spoke up "You arre welcome here," and the electioneering general responded "I hear that rich Irish brogue. I love to hear it. It makes me remember the noble deeds of the Irishmen, many of whom I have often led to battle and to vic- tory." The Teutons took some visible offense at this. A reception followed the speech and after the general had retired for the night he was serenaded by Le- land's band. When the bugle call was given the general appeared at the window and bowed. He left the next morning for Columbus. A large crowd had gath- ered at the station to bid him farewell.
The issue of internal improvements was locally prominent in this campaign. Pierce had voted against the river and harbor bill, because New Hampshire,
See Hodge "Memoriae," page 67.
280
HISTORY OF CLEVELAND
which he represented, had no need for it. But he carried the city, receiving 1,610 votes, Scott, 1,314 and Hale of the liberty party, 450.
As the slavery issue began to make inroads on the old parties, there developed a tendency toward "people's tickets" for local offices. In 1854, 1855 and 1856 such union tickets were chosen.
The campaign of 1855 is historic because it is the first state campaign of the newly formed republican party. The old freesoil or liberty, union democratic and northern whig elements amalgamated in this new national party and Salmon P. Chase was its first candidate for governor. He spoke in Cleveland on Sep- tember 20th. A mammoth jollification was held in token of his carrying city, county and state, the night of October 13th. One hundred and one guns were fired, a great, flaring bonfire was built in the middle of the Square, accompanied by rockets, Roman candles, and the illumination of the buildings around the Square; there were bands of marching men carrying transparencies, and there were an unusual number of speeches.
The campaign of 1856 drew the new party into the national arena, with John C. Frémont as its candidate against James Buchanan. The democrats held a ratification meeting in the Public Square on June 9th. After the parades and mu- sic, Governor Seymour of New York and David Tod spoke to a great assem- blage. Beginning in July, meetings were held weekly by both sides. The issues were shaping for the final struggle. The mottoes "Free Speech, Free Press, Free Soil, Fremont" and "Free Soil, Free Men, Free Schools, Fremont" are sig- nificant. Young men's Fremont clubs were organized and a "Democratic Fre- mont club" opposed to slavery extension was formed August 16th at a meet- ing in the courthouse. The Germans of the city held a mass meeting on the Square August 28th, August Thieme of the "Waechter" presiding. Anti-slavery was the burden of the speeches.
When the October elections showed democratic victories in Pennsylvania and Indiana the democrats celebrated with the usual parades and speeches of felici- tation by Judge Starkweather and H. B. Payne. Frémont's majority in the city was 196 and in the county 1,225. The newly invented magnetic telegraph made quick election returns possible and they were received for the first time in Cleve- land at Melodeon hall, where the crowds were the guests of the republican com- mittee. The democrats took courage at the following municipal election, choos- ing nearly the entire ticket, and in the summer Henry B. Payne of Cleveland was named for governor against Governor Chase. The campaign was very bitter and the results in the city were close. The county gave Chase 926 majority, enough to justify an elaborate festival in the Grays armory on the evening of November IIth. Governor Chase and Lieutenant Governor Welker were the guests of honor, and the presence of many ladies made the affair a brilliant one.
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