USA > Ohio > Cuyahoga County > Cleveland > A history of Cleveland, Ohio, Volume I > Part 40
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All opinions and sympathies here leaned patriotically toward support of the government. Such was public opinion in Cleveland. The first morning one man spoke a careless word for the south, and was chased by a growing mob onto a roof, three blocks away. Another dared hurrah for the south in bravado, and obtained a sound thrashing for it on the spot from a citizen who afterward became a good Union soldier. These were less expressions of Cleve- land sentiment than idle tests of what the public here would stand. Anyway, from this time on, public sentiment here was all one way. All doubts as to how the people of Cleveland would stand on the war issue were dissipated within a. few hours.
Business ceased and stores became resorts for discussion of war news- what to do-where to begin-who to be leaders-and what news next. Conserva- tive men there were who still hoped that war would not actually ensue; but they were treated almost with suspicion as to their loyalty. Of course, for a year po- litical straws had been watched, probabilities canvassed and prophecies, some more forceful than sound, made. But a determination was settling into every mind
M
GEN. JAMES BARNETT Cleveland's Distinguished Soldier, First Citizen and "Grand Old Man"
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that if war came, we must and would unite in defense of a lawfully elected president and stand by the flag of the American Union.
Politics, in a measure, had divided parties which after April 12th coalesced. Men of all parties put patriotism first; and they had no doubt what patriotism signified. And then, when April 12th was past, the die was cast. Have you ever observed a suicide, and seen the hopeless regret of the victim as his feet slipped fatally toward the beyond? He would undo the past if he could. So the mistake of Sumter, which cost half a million lives and humbled a proud people, may have stirred a silent regret which pride would not utter.
The war must come. Young men must go to war; old men must encourage; mothers, sisters and lovers must do and suffer for the great cause. Grief must be borne and heroism shown by everybody.
Sunday, the 14th, was perhaps the day of greatest excitement. The pulpits all commented on the news and responded to the prevalent patriotism. News came by wire of the surrender of Sumter, after forty-eight hours of continuous cannonading. The Cleveland Light Artillery, Colonel James Barnett, command- ing, and the Cleveland Grays, under Captain T. S. Paddock, offered their serv- ices to the governor. The excitement was intense. The days following, meetings were held and speeches made. Husbands, brothers and sons were preparing to go; wives, sisters and mothers were sorrowfully fitting them out. Speeches and patriotic stimulus were unnecessary; for all the young men were full or ardor, of feverish anxiety and the spirit of sacrifice, and only feared that the "speck of war" would be over before they could get there. When the first orders came from Governor Dennison. "then there was hurrying to and fro," and some of the boys went away on the cars actually in their shirt sleeves.
Ah! How little they knew what was before them! They had only vague ideas of what war was. They went to war with a hurrah, to find hardship. privation, blood, fire and death; to find miles of reddened earth, strewn with the dead and wounded ; hospitals and ambulances freighted with mangled victims ; to find long, weary marches through heat and cold and storms; and disease to combat on beds not smoothed by a mother's hand, and on a diet unfit for a fevered couch.
The writer recalls his utter astonishment in camp for the first time when, as a captain, his supper was only beans and coffee and his bed "the soft side of a pine board." Yet, as we shall see, the patriotic spirit was kept bright for the days to come in Cleveland; and when the seventy-five thousand were found in- adequate and we had met terrible defeat at Bull Run and the president had called out three hundred thousand, the soldiers in the field joined with the people at home in singing, "We are Coming Father Abraham, Three Hundred Thousand More." Many times was that song and call repeated until two mil- lions and eight hundred thousand responded to that sacred call.
We shall see that Cleveland sent to the front her full quota of volunteers and more ; and that they uniformly bore their parts heroically. But commenda- tion is also due to the women of Cleveland and the men whose more imperative duties required a sacrifice of inclination and kept them at home.
Of all these, Whitelaw Reid has beautifully said: "Yet the people who filled these regiments merited more praise than all the rest. They counted
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their sons and sent them forth. They followed them to the camps. They saw them waste in inaction and die of disease. Then they saw them led by incom- petents to needless slaughter. Stricken with anguish, they still maintained their unshaken purpose. They numbered the people again and sent our fresh thousands. They followed them with generous gifts. They cared for the stricken families, and made desolate lives beautiful with the sweet charities of a gracious Chris- tianity."
From such patriotism as pervaded all ranks of society in Cleveland in April, 1861, heroism is born. Heroism is patriotism in action. From that momentous Friday, April 12th, preparations were rife, youthful ardor began blazing and on the 15th when the president's first call came enthusiasm broke loose.
Neither Governor Dennison nor our local military had waited for the presi- dent's proclamation, but proceeded with their plans. On the 16th, the Cleveland Grays, one hundred strong, Captain T. S. Paddock, left for Washington, via Columbus, in response to an order of the governor. It was the first command off for the war. On April 22d, the Cleveland Light Artillery, one hundred and sixty strong, six companies with six brass field pieces and caissons, Colonel James Barnett in command, left for Marietta, via Columbus, arriving at Marietta the next day. This command did the first fighting, and in its ranks the first Cleveland blood was lost in the Union cause. Recruiting of companies and formation of regiments and establishing of camps quickly followed. The first few regiments were enlisted for three months; afterward reorganized for three years or the war, but later all regiments were mustered for three years or dur- ing the war.
Recruits were more plentiful than arms, accoutrements, ammunition and camp equipage, for the first few weeks and months. Cleveland had several mili- tary camps, among them Camps Cleveland and Taylor.
There were four regiments filled mainly by Cleveland men; six others had three or four companies from here; while seven others still had so large a representation from here as to justify notice. I give this list, with the number of Cleveland men in each, such number including recruits of both the three months and three years organizations-namely: First Ohio light artillery, 886; Seventh Ohio volunteer infantry, 610; One hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio volunteer infantry, 567; One hundred and Fiftieth Ohio volunteer infantry, 801 ; Twenty-third Ohio volunteer infantry, 341; Forty-first Ohio volunteer infan- try, 407; One Hundred and Third Ohio volunteer infantry, 461 ; One hundred and Twenty-eighth Ohio volunteer infantry, 291; One Hundred and Seventy- seventh Ohio volunteer infantry, 399; Second cavalry, 317; First Ohio volunteer infantry (Cleveland Grays), 154; Thirty-seventh Ohio volunteer infantry, 152; Sixtieth Ohio volunteer infantry, 178; Sixty-fifth Ohio volunteer infantry, 103; Sixty-seventh Ohio volunteer infantry, 212; One Hundred and Seventh Ohio volunteer infantry 251; Sixth Ohio cavalry, 268; Tenth Ohio cavalry, 55; Twelfth Ohio cavalry, 75.
This list is selected wholly because of the added interest elicited by the fact that in these regiments were found our Cleveland volunteers. Other regiments were just as good; but Cleveland is especially proud of these. We would, how-
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ever, say less than the truth if we neglected the smaller numbers found in seventy- seven other regiments, of whom as soldiers we are equally proud.
Three presidents of the United States are found in our regimental list : Ruth- erfor B. Hayes in the Twenty-third, James A. Garfield in the Forty-second, and William Mckinley in the Twenty-third Ohio infantry.
The census of Cleveland for 1850 was 17,054; 1860, 43,838; 1870, 93,825. Cuyahoga county outside of the city in 1860, 33,778; whole county, 77,616. Cleve- land had volunteers in ninety-two regiments and batteries. Cleveland sent to war ninety-four military companies, distributed as follows: infantry, seventy- seven ; artillery, twelve; cavalry, three; navy, two. Cleveland furnished 432 officers of infantry ; 104 of artillery ; 57 of cavalry ; seven of the navy and twenty- one staff officers-621 commissioned officers in all. Population of Ohio, 1861-5. equaled 2,500,000; available men, 500,000; furnished, 310,654. Population of Cuyahoga county, 1861-5 equaled 78,000; available men, 15,600; furnished 10,000. Ohio furnished 4,332 men more than her quota-sixty-two per cent of avail- able men ; Cuyahoga county furnished 328 men more than her quota-sixty-four per cent of available men.
CHAPTER XXXIII.
THE CIVIL WAR-THE CLEVELAND REGIMENTS.
By Col. J. F. Herrick.
The following regiments will be detailed in this chapter : First Ohio light artillery, 886 Cleveland men; First Ohio infantry (Cleveland Grays), 154 men ; Seventh Ohio infantry, 610 Cleveland men; Twenty-third Ohio infantry, 34I Cleveland men; Thirty-seventh Ohio infantry, 152 Cleveland men; Forty-first Ohio infantry, 407 Cleveland men; One Hundred and Third Ohio infantry, 461 Cleveland men; One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio infantry, 567 Cleveland men; One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Ohio infantry, 291 Cleveland men; One Hundred and Fiftieth Ohio infantry, 801 Cleveland men; One Hundred and Seventy-seventh Ohio infantry, 399 Cleveland men; Second Ohio cavalry, 317 Cleveland men; Tenth Ohio cavalry, 55 Cleveland men; Twelfth Ohio cavalry, 75 Cleveland men.
THE FIRST OHIO LIGHT ARTILLERY.
General Carrington, adjutant general of Ohio in 1861, having been offered the services of the Light Artillery of Cleveland, probably expressed public opinion when, weeks before April 15th, he replied to Colonel Barnett that "It was not at all probable that any cavalry or artillery would be required." But his mind had changed before April 20th, for on that date he wired for the artillery to report in Columbus within forty-eight hours. About noon of April 22d, Colonel Barnett, with six companies and six guns with caissons, started by rail for Columbus. These companies were: Company A, Captain W. R. Simmonds and twenty-four men from city ; company B, Captain J. G. Mack and twenty-two men from city ; com-
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pany C, Captain F. W. Pelton and twenty-four men from Brooklyn; company D, Captain P. W. Rice and twenty-three men from city; company E, Captain Louis Heckman and twenty men from city; company F, Captain Dennis Kenny and twenty-two men from Geneva, and six more men as subalterns.
Fortunately the regiment and the companies of batteries had been fully or- ganized in 1860. Fortunately they were thoroughly instructed in artillery prac- tice. Fortunately, for the Union cause, the seed sown throughout the west by the Cleveland Light Artillery in years gone by had grown into many other well in- structed field batteries, which made their presence felt in the early battles of the war, especially in the very first battles in West Virginia. Nothing so raises the morale of an army in action, especially a small army, as the aid of artillery. It tells when well aimed; its roar is dominant. So-it has been said-the Vir- ginians, at Clarksburg and Phillippi, being unused to such big guns and such tremendous noise, were scared to rout and defeat, by the Cleveland artillery. Hence mountain howitzers are sometimes taken with cavalry on raids, simply for the eclat. What else? Who ever heard of men injured by a mountain howitzer, unless it was the men operating and transporting them! Colonel Barnett was not allowed to stop at Columbus, where he had expected equipment, but hurried on to Marietta, the frontier between the north and the south.
When there (April 23d), he found rebel armies across the river threatening to invade Ohio-and himself with 160 men and six guns, with no infantry sup- port, with no horses to move his guns, no ammunition to shoot, nothing to eat, and, indeed, no equipment from state or nation. They had one hundred and sixty blankets bought in Cleveland and now welcome comforts at night. But his outlook for "putting down the rebellion" just then was gloomy. Thus surprisingly suddenly had come the change from peaceful parades at home, to the realities of "grim-visaged war." They were beginning to experience the pri- vation and danger of army life.
His command had not been mustered into United States service; indeed, they served their whole three months and fought in six battles without mustering, but taking orders from the state and such officers, including General McClellan, as the state directed. Colonel Barnett telegraphed for clothing, uniforms, rations, camp equipage, ammunition and horses. They came, but tardily. At last Colonel (afterward General) Jas. B. Steadman came with a regiment; other Ohio and Indiana regiments followed. And then on May 28th began the movement into Virginia to prevent the invasion of Ohio. Our forces rightly judged that could be best accomplished in Virginia. Our forces occupied Clarksburg and Grafton ; after some skirmishing, the enemy evacuating both places. At Phillippi, on June 4th, the Cleveland Light Artillery had its first experience under fire. It was also the first baptism of fire of any Cleveland volunteers. At Laurel Hill, on July 7th, our Cleveland men had another engagement, in which Geo. H. Tillotson be- came the first Cleveland man to shed his blood in the Union cause. Finally came the important battle of "Carrick's Ford," on July 14th, in which General Garnett was killed, also fifteen others, fifty prisoners taken, forty wagons and teams, the General's headquarters, two stands of colors and one fine rifled cannon were cap- tured-while the Union forces lost only two killed and six wounded. The cannon captured was given to Colonel Barnett, with the governor's approval, and now
From an oil painting by Cameron. Courtesy H. Clay Herrick
CHARGE OF THE TWELFTH OHIO CAVALRY. MARION, VIRGINIA, DECEMBER 17, 1864
The Twelfth Ohio Cavalry had charged the bridge at the right and driven out the regiment seen at the right on hill. They halted just before reaching the bend in the road to reconnoitre. They saw a cavalry regiment with artillery charging them down the road. The Twelfth met them with a charge. Hence the surprise. A hand to hand conflict ensued. The Twelfth won. A confederate soldier said in the National Tri- bune : "The leaders of that charge are worthy to be enrolled in the Valhalla of American heroes."
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adorns the public square of Cleveland.1 General Benham, commanding at Carrick's Ford, in his report to General Morris, says, "The conduct of those gallant officers, Colonels Barnett, Steadman, Dimont and Milroy, with the steady perseverance of their officers and men, in their long and arduous march, suffering from hunger, rain and cold, with their gallantry in action, was most heroic and beyond all praise of mine."
On July 30th, after muster in and muster out at Columbus, our three months' men returned home and were received by an immense concourse of citizens as they marched up the street, with a rebel battle flag and the captured cannon drawn by four southern mules. They were welcomed by a public address. many messages, and altogether an ovation previously or subsequently unexcelled. Our patriotic Cleveland people cheered our regiments when they went out, and welcomed them with cheers upon their return.
The First Ohio Light Artillery was then reorganized for the three years' ser- vice. Hereafter, the regiment and its colonel part company. Colonel Barnett became General Barnett, chief of artillery on the staff of General Rosecrans.
The regiment was enlarged to twelve batteries, each having six guns of larger size and improved pattern. We have space only to mention the officers of the regiment, and then give the officers of each battery with the engagements in which it took an active and honorable part.
Field and Staff .- Colonel and brigadier general, James Barnett; lieutenant colonel, Wm. H. Hayward; lieutenant colonel, Walter E. Lawrence; major, Warren P. Edgarton ; major, Wilbur F. Goodspeed; major, Seymour Race.
The battles in which this regiment was engaged will be given for each battery going from Cleveland, except the three battles of the three months' service, namely : Phillippi, West Virginia, June 4, 1861; Laurel Hill, West Virginia, July 7, 1861 ; Carrick's Ford, West Virginia, July 14, 1861.
BATTERY A .- Captain, Chas. W. Scovill; first lieutenant, Samuel W. Treat ; second lieutenant, H. C. Grant.
Battles engaged in: Dog Walk, Kentucky, October 9, 1862; Stone River, Tennessee, December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863; Tullahoma, Tennessee, June 23-30, 1863; Hoover's Gap, Tennessee, June 24, 1863; Liberty Gap, Tennessee, June 25, 1863; Chickamauga, Georgia, September 19-20, 1863; Chattanooga, Tennessee, November 23-25, 1863; Dalton, Georgia, May 9, 1864; Resaca, Georgia, May 13-16, 1864; Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 9-30, 1864; Peach Tree Creek, Georgia, July 20, 1864; Atlanta, Georgia, July 28 to September 2, 1864; Columbia, Tennessee, November 24-28, 1864; Spring Hill, Tennessee, November 29, 1864; Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864.
BATTERY B .- Captain, Norman A. Baldwin ; captain, Wm. E. Standart ; second lieutenant, Chas. F. Chase; second lieutenant, Geo. D. Eldridge; second lieuten- ant, James H. Hill; second lieutenant, John J. Kelley ; second lieutenant, Jos. G. Lankester ; second lieutenant, David H. Throup.
Battles engaged in: Wild Cat, Kentucky, October 21, 1861 ; Mill Springs, Kentucky, January 19-20, 1862 ; Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862 ; Lavergne, Tennessee, December 26, 1862; Stone River, Tennessee, December 31, 1862, to
1 These cannon should all be inscribed in permanent form, that visitors and future genera- tions may know their meaning.
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January 2, 1863 ; Tullahoma, Tennessee, June 23-30, 1863 ; Chickamauga, Geor- gia, September 19-20, 1863 ; Chattanooga, Tennessee, November 23-25, 1863. BATTERY C, from Geneva .- Second Lieutenant, James Storer.
BATTERY D, 64 men from Cleveland .- First lieutenant, Albert Edwards ; first lieutenant, Lemuel R. Porter; first lieutenant. H. G. Vincent ; second lieutenant, Wm. M. Camp; second lieutenant, H. C. Lloyd ; second lieutenant, M. Y. Ransom.
Battles engaged in: Mumfordsville, Kentucky, September 14-16, 1862; La- vergne, Tennessee, December 26, 1862; Knoxville, Tennessee, siege of, Novem- ber 17 to December 4, 1863; Kingston, Georgia, May 24, 1864; Atlanta, Georgia, siege of, July 24 to September 2, 1864; Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864; Nashville, Tennesee, December 15-16, 1864.
BATTERY E, 76 Cleveland men .- Captain, Albert G. Ransom ; first lieutenant, Jacob J. Hauck; first lieutenant, Eben P. Sturges; second lieutenant, Wm. W. Northrop.
Battles engaged in: Lavergne, Tennessee, December 26, 1862; Stone River, Tennessee, December 31 to January 2, 1863; Mission Ridge, Tennessee, No- vember 25, 1863 ; Nashville, Tennessee, December 15-16, 1864.
BATTERY G, 237 Cleveland men .- Captain, Joseph Bartlett; captain, Alex Marshall; first lieutenant, Geo. W. Bills; first lieutenant, John Crable; first lieutenant, Thos. C. Floyd; first lieutenant, H. C. Grant; first lieutenant, Nathan- iel M. Newell; first lieutenant, Robt. D. Whittlesey; second lieutenant, Frank W. Edgarton ; second lieutenant, Milton A. Mitchell; second lieutenant, Wm. W. Smith.
Battles engaged in: Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, April 6-7, 1862; Corinth, Mississippi, May 1-30, 1862; Franklin Pike, Tennessee, September 7, 1862; Stone River, Tennessee, December 31-January 2, 1863; Tullahoma, Ten- nesee, June 23-30, 1863 ; Dug Gap, Georgia, September 1I, 1863; Chickamauga, Georgia, September 19-20, 1863; Mission Ridge, Tennessee, November 25, 1863 ; Lavergne, Tennessee, September 1, 1864; Franklin, Tennessee, September 2, 1864; Campbellville, Tennessee, September 3, 1864; Pulaski, Tennessee, Sep- tember 27, 1864; Spring Hill, Tennessee, November 29, 1864; Franklin, Tennes- see, November 30, 1864; Nashville, Tennessee, December 15-16, 1864.
BATTERY K, 57 Cleveland men .- Captain, Louis Heckman ; first lieutenant, Andrew Burwick; first lieutenant, Henry S. Camp; first lieutenant, John H. Rees; first lieutenant, Chas. M. Schiely; second lieutenant, Albert Edwards.
Battles engaged in : McDowell, Virginia, May 8, 1862; Cross Keys, Virginia, June 8, 1862 ; Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1862; Freeman's Ford, Vir- ginia, August 22-23, 1862; Sulphur Springs, Virginia, August 24, 1862; Water- loo Ford, Virginia, August 25, 1862; Groveton (Bull Run), Virginia, August 28-29, 1862; Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 1-4, 1863; Gettysburg, Pennsyl- vania, July 1-3, 1863 ; Wauhatchie, Tennessee, October 27, 1863 ; Lookout Moun- tain, Tennessee, November 24, 1863; Mission Ridge, Tennessee, November 25, 1863.
BATTERY I .- Captain, John A. Bennett ; first lieutenant, Wm. F. Sliney ; sec- ond lieutenant, Chas. F. Chase.
BATTERY L .- First lieutenant, William Walforth.
BATTERY M .- First lieutenant, Martin L. Paddock.
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The following independent batteries also joined the regiment :
Nineteenth Ohio Independent Battery .-- Captain, Joseph C. Shields; captain, Frank Wilson; first lieutenant, William Dustin; first lieutenant, Charles B. Harris; second lieutenant, John N. Estabrook; second lieutenant, James W. Grimshaw ; second lieutenant, Robertson Smith.
Battles engaged in : Knoxville, Tennessee (siege of), November 17-December 4, 1863; East Tennessee campaign, 1863 and 1864; Atlanta, Georgia (siege of), July 28-September 2, 1864 ; Nashville, Tennessee, December 15-16, 1864.
TWENTIETH OHIO INDEPENDENT BATTERY .- Captain, William Backus ; captain, Louis Smithnight; first lieutenant, John S. Burdick; first lieutenant, Oscar W. Hancock; first lieutenant, Henry Horn ; first lieutenant, Harlan P. Josselyn ; first lieutenant, Charles F. Nitschelm; first lieutenant, Francis O. Robbins ; first lieu- tenant, Henry Roth; second lieutenant, Matthias Adams; second lieutenant, Henry Hoehn ; second lieutenant, William Neracher.
Battles engaged in: Liberty Gap, Tennessee, June 25, 1863; Chickamauga, Georgia, September 19-20, 1863; Atlanta, Georgia, July 28-September 2, 1864; Dalton, Georgia, August 14-16, 1864; Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864; Nashville, Tennessee, December 15-16, 1864.
These officers also served in the light artillery: Captain, Harrison B. York, Ninth battery Ohio light artillery; second lieutenant, Edward Cowles, Ninth battery Ohio light artillery; first lieutenant, Ami P. Fairbanks, Twelfth battery Ohio light artillery; captain, James Burdick, Fifteenth battery Ohio light artil- lery ; first lieutenant, Lyman Bailey, Fifteenth battery Ohio light artillery; first lieutenant, Edwin F. Reeve, Fifteenth battery Ohio light artillery ; second lieuten- ant, Stiles E. Sturges, Fifteenth battery Ohio light artillery ; first lieutenant, Wm. H. H. Smith, Twenty-first battery Ohio light artillery; first lieutenant, Gilbert J. Doolittle, Twenty-fifth battery Ohio light artillery; first lieutenant, Alex. C. Ruple, Twenty-fifth battery Ohio light artillery; first lieutenant, James H. Stuart, Battery G, Second Ohio heavy artillery; first lieutenant, Homer H. Baldwin, Battery H, Fifth United States.
FIRST OHIO INFANTRY, Cleveland Grays, 154 Cleveland men .- First lieutenant and quartermaster, James Hill; first lieutenant and quartermaster, Edward J. Collins ; first lieutenant, Wm. M. Carpenter, Company D; first lieutenant, Alex- ander Varian, Company D; second lieutenant, Willard Prentiss, Company D; captain, Jeremiah Ensworth, Company E; captain, Thos. S. Paddock, Company E; first lieutenant, Jas. B. Hampson, Company E; second lieutenant, John N. Frazee, Company E; second lieutenant, Jos. M. Richards, Company E; first lieutenant, Sylvanus S. Dixon, Company I.
Battles engaged in: Shiloh, Tennessee, April 7, 1862; Stone River, Tennessee, December 31, 1862; Liberty Gap, Tennessee, June 25, 1863; Chickamauga, Georgia, September 19-20, 1863; Orchard Knob, Tennessee, September 23, 1863; Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, November 24, 1863; Mission Ridge, Tennessee, November 25, 1863; Buzzard Roost, Georgia, May 8, 1864; Resaca, Georgia, May 14, 1864; Adairsville, Georgia, May 17, 1864; Burnt Hickory, Georgia, May 27, 1864; Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 17, 1864; Chattahoochee River, Georgia, July 6, 1864.
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